CN109392587B - Planting method for rapidly forming pear garden - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for quickly forming a garden on a pear tree, and belongs to the technical field of pear tree planting. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of soil cultivation, field planting, shaping and pruning, pollination, flower and fruit thinning, fruit bagging, harvesting, fertilization management, hormone application, watering management, weeding management, insect prevention management and the like. The planting method can bear a large amount of fruits (fruit trees or other fruits can be adjusted according to conditions to reduce risks) in the 2 nd year, obvious benefits can be obtained in the 4 th year, and the full bearing period can be reached in the 7 th year; the cost can be recovered in the 6 th year. In the full bearing period, compared with the conventional planting method, the yield is improved by 10-14%, the weight of a single fruit is improved by 6-8%, and the content of soluble solids is increased by 0.5-1.0%, namely the yield and the quality are both slightly improved.

Description

Planting method for rapidly forming pear garden

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pear trees, in particular to a planting method for quickly forming a garden on a pear tree.

Background

The common variety of pear is deciduous tree or shrub, and very few varieties are evergreen, and belong to the subfamily Maloideae of Rosaceae of Dicotyledoneae of angiosperma. The leaves are oval in shape, and the sizes vary according to the species. The flower is white, or yellowish, pink, and has five petals. The fruit shape is round, and the fruit shape also has a thin base part and a thick tail part, namely the shape is commonly called as pear shape; the color of the peel of different varieties is very different, and the peel of different varieties has yellow, green, yellow-medium green, green-medium yellow, yellow-brown, green-brown, red-brown and brown, and the peel of individual variety also has mauve; the diameter of the wild pear is smaller and is between 1 and 4cm, while the diameter of the artificially cultivated variety can reach 8cm, and the length can reach 18 cm.

After the pear seedlings are planted, the early high yield can be realized only by strengthening the annual management. The management in each year achieves the following aims:

in the 1 st year, the seedlings are full and strong. In order to achieve the aim, 10-15% of the seedlings are prepared and temporarily planted among rows or in an empty space. Due to artificial or other reasons, seedlings are lack and weak, and can be supplemented in the autumn of the year or the spring of the next year. Meanwhile, the method also needs to do intercropping, weeding, topdressing outside the grass growing and cultivating roots, preventing diseases, killing insects and preventing cold.

In the 2 nd year, branch promotion and crown expansion are performed. Cold-proof materials are removed in spring, and the crops are trimmed and then are continuously subjected to field management such as intercropping, weeding, topdressing outside roots, disease prevention and deinsectization, base fertilizer application, branch pulling and the like. The conditioned orchard can be used for grass cultivation.

In the 3 rd year, the flowers and fruits appear. On the basis of making comprehensive management of shaping and pruning, additional fertilization and irrigation, intercropping, intertillage weeding, extra-root additional fertilization, base fertilizer application in autumn, disease prevention and deinsectization and the like, measures for promoting flower buds by carving, stripping, pulling, increasing and twisting are made.

In the 4 th year, the product is high in quality and yield. On the basis of comprehensive management, measures such as artificial pollination, flower and fruit thinning, fruit bagging, timely disease and pest control and the like are emphasized.

The conventional method generally requires the 4 th year to obviously bear fruits, not only is the yield slow, but also has great risks, for example, the variety is not suitable for local planting, for example, the variety has a small size, serious rust spots, a short fruit bearing period, low sweetness or low hardness, and the like, and if the variety or the planting process is adjusted again in the 4 th year, the orchard blood cost is not return. In addition, the conventional method has slow income, the cost is generally recovered in about 8 years, and the burden on a plantation is very large.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a planting method for quickly forming a garden on a pear tree, which is suitable for varieties (such as abundant water, green crowns and the like) with high economic benefit and easy pollination, the yield is obtained in 2 nd year, the forming is early, the fruiting is early, and the garden can be formed in 6 th to 7 th year; the yield per mu in 3 years after cultivation is close to 1000kg, 2000kg is stable in 6-7 years (theoretically 5000kg, but is not suitable for sustainable development of orchards), the fruit quality is good, and the yield is high. The technical scheme is as follows.

The invention provides a planting method for rapidly forming a pear garden, which comprises the following steps:

(1) soil cultivation: 7-9 months before planting, ploughing the plantation for 30-45cm, applying 800 kg/mu of 600-plus-materials such as weeds or straws and the like on the bottom layer during ploughing, and applying 1400 kg/mu of 1000-plus-materials such as chicken manure, pig manure or cattle manure and the like on the surface layer (applied together with soil); covering the surface with straw at 11 months of the year, wherein the thickness is 3-10cm, and pouring water once before sealing.

(2) Planting: digging planting pits according to the row spacing of 3-4m (preferably in the north-south direction) and the plant spacing of 2-3 m; the depth of the planting pit is 60-80cm, and the width is 50-60 cm; green manure with the thickness of 25-35cm is put at the bottom of the pit, 5-10kg of thoroughly decomposed chicken manure, 0.5-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20-50g of borax, 0.5-1.5kg of plant ash, 2-4kg of oil residue and the like are mixed into surface soil (preferably fine soil). Planting in 3 months of the 1 st year, selecting nursery stocks with the height of 100-plus-one seedlings in the 1 st year, the seedling thickness of 0.8-1.0cm, the root group length of 20-25cm, good healing of grafting parts and 4-6 full buds in a shaping belt. The nursery stock needs to be subjected to root growth promotion treatment before field planting: cutting the crude roots by 2-4cm, soaking the crude roots in clear water for 10-15 hours, then soaking the crude roots in 60-90 times of copper sulfate aqueous solution for 2-3 minutes, then soaking the crude roots in 400mg/kg of rooting powder solution with the concentration of 200-2 minutes, and finally dipping the crude roots in slurry for planting. Compacting soil and watering enough water after planting; during field planting, the proportion of main planting and pollinated varieties is 2-2.5:1 (field planting is carried out alternately, and the number of pollinated varieties is at least two); the grafting opening is exposed 5-10cm from the ground during planting.

(3) Shaping and trimming: adopting Y-shaped tree form cultivation, pinching when the back bud is slightly 15-20cm long or the top bud tip is 20-25cm long, and picking bud once in 10-15 days. The Y-shaped crown can fully exert the characteristic that young pears grow vigorously, and nutrient growth substances are not lost, so that the pears can bear fruits one year earlier than the pears planted by a conventional planting method, and the management is easy; meanwhile, the Y-shaped tree crowns have good ventilation, so that the fruit size and quality are consistent, and the fruit can be densely planted slightly.

(4) Pollination: 7-10 honeycombs per mu, the distance between the honeycombs is 20-25m, and the quantity of the honeycombs is 700-. If the pollination effect is not good, artificial pollination can be carried out.

(5) Flower and fruit thinning: reserving a flower bud every 15-20cm of the bone trunk branches, and starting thinning fruits according to the ratio of branches to fruits of 2-2.5:1 within 38-42 days after flower withering. This step is similar to conventional methods.

(6) Fruit bagging: spraying bactericide and insecticide (specifically, Dasheng M-45, moth mite killer and thiophanate methyl, with conventional dosage) before bagging, bagging for 10-15 days after withering flowers, and bagging for 20-28 days after bagging for 20-28 days, and bagging for the second time after the bagging is broken; picking the bags 8-15 days before fruit picking to promote coloring; meanwhile, 7-12 days before the fruits are harvested, the blades directly shading the periphery of the fruits are picked off, and the number of the picked-off blades is not more than 15% of the whole plant; the bag can avoid rusty spot and scar.

(7) Harvesting: picking after the fruits are ripe; collected from 8 months to 9 months according to the variety. The standard is as follows: and (4) harvesting when the fruit seeds turn brown and the content of soluble solid reaches 10%.

(8) Fertilization management: starting from the 2 nd year, applying base fertilizer before sealing and freezing (usually 9-10 months) after fruiting and gradually increasing to the 5 th year for stabilization, applying organic fertilizer (common organic fertilizer, the same later) 3500-dose 4000 kg/mu, 5-10 kg/mu and 15-25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate to provide fertility and improve soil in the 2 nd year, applying organic fertilizer 3600-dose 4200 kg/mu, 2-8 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate to provide fertility and improve soil in the 3 rd year (pear trees are basically formed and adapt to soil, and then do not need soil improvement later), applying organic fertilizer 4000-dose 4800 kg/mu in the 4 th year, applying organic fertilizer 4500-dose 5000 kg/mu in the 5 th and later years, and optimally applying the base fertilizer during plowing. Applying additional fertilizer once every year in middle ten days, applying 15-25 kg/mu of urea and 2-5 kg/mu of calcium amino acid, and using leaf fertilizer before bagging, during fruit expanding period, before picking fruit and after picking fruit after flower withering, wherein the leaf fertilizer consists of 0.2-0.4wt% of urea, 0.1-0.3wt% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.1wt% of borax, 0.001-0.005wt% of polyglutamic acid and the like, and the dosage is conventional dosage, and is less than 3 kg/mu per time based on the total weight of the fertilizer; topdressing is carried out once respectively before germination and in a new growing period in the 2 nd year, 15-20 kg/mu of urea and 1400 kg/mu of liquid dung are applied, topdressing is carried out once in 7-8 months, and 10-18 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 6-12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; topdressing is carried out once in the flower bud differentiation period and the fruit expansion period in the 3 rd year and later years respectively, and 5-15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied; wherein, nitrogen of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium (all calculated on the effective component) is 8-15:15-28:10-16 (usually 1:2: 1).

In the 1 st year, soil is raised before the year, plants are small and only need to be topdressed once, and the foliar fertilizer is applied according to the actual conditions (the foliar fertilizer is not generally applied in the 1 st year); in the 2 nd year, the pear leaves grow vigorously and need to be topdressed for 4 times, and the foliar fertilizer is applied according to actual conditions; in 3 rd year and later, a large amount of fruits are bearing, the additional fertilizer is needed for 3 times to promote the fruit development, and the foliar fertilizer is applied according to the requirements every year in 3 rd year and later.

(9) Hormone administration: in the 2 nd to 4 th years, before flower bud differentiation, paclobutrazol 300-450 times solution is applied to shorten internodes of branches and activate flower buds; the 250-fold solution of the control promoter PBO 200-fold is applied in the flower bud differentiation period to promote the flower bud differentiation and increase the weight of single fruit. The fruit yield is larger from the 5 th year, no hormone needs to be applied, the cost and the labor are reduced, and the quality of the fruit is ensured.

The key point of this patent is at step (1) soil culture, step (2) field planting, step (3) plastic pruning, step (8) fertilization management and step (9) hormone are used, and above 5 steps mutually support so that orchard rapid prototyping to obtain the profit fast.

Further, the planting method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps:

(10) watering management: watering is carried out at least four times per year, namely 3 middle and last ten days of month, 4 last ten days of month, 5 last ten days of month and after fruit harvesting, and the twice watering for 5 last ten days of month and fruit harvesting can be combined with fertilization.

Specifically, watering is carried out to ensure that the water content of the soil in the root area reaches 60-75% of the maximum water capacity in the field. Four times of watering are typical:

first (watering at germination): the water for sprouting is poured in the middle and late ten days of 3 months, which is beneficial to sprouting, blooming and fruit setting of the tree body and accelerates the growth of new shoots.

Second time (water after flower): in late 4 months, the pear tree enters a period of vigorous physiological function, and the growth of new tips and the development of young fruits are carried out simultaneously, which is the critical period of water demand of the pear tree. The water is supplemented in time, the fruit drop can be prevented, and the fruit expansion is accelerated.

Third time (watering at fruit enlargement period): the 6 months are the pear fruit expansion and pear flower bud mass differentiation period, and the pear fruit expansion and pear flower bud mass differentiation period and the pear flower bud mass differentiation period simultaneously enter a water-demand peak period. Fertilizing in late 5 months, watering once, promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing fruit volume, and increasing yield.

Fourth time (post harvest watering): after the fruits are harvested, the decomposition of the fertilizer in the soil can be promoted by combining the application of a base fertilizer and the watering, the vigorous growth of root systems is stimulated, the rapid recovery of the functions of leaves is promoted, and the accumulation and the storage of nutrients by trees are facilitated.

Further, the planting method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: (11) weeding management: the inter-tree grass is adopted, the variety is crowtoe, the width of the grass belt is 1.5-2.0m, the grass belt is mowed twice every year, and the grass belt is buried under a tree tray by 40-50cm after each mowed. The use of herbicides was avoided as much as possible and the applicant found that one weed could last at least 7 years without the need for another weed before the full bearing period of the pear tree.

Further, the planting method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: (12) insect prevention management: spraying 5 Baume degrees of lime sulphur for 1 time before germination, spraying 2000 times of psyllium and 800 times of 50% triadimefon from the leaf expanding period to the fruit ripening period, spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 5 months to the middle of 6 months, and spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 6 months, wherein the pesticide is forbidden 30 days before fruit picking. Mainly used for preventing and controlling rust diseases and aphids.

Further, the step (12) further comprises: and respectively performing trunk whitewashing in the middle and last ten days of 6 months and 10 months, and uniformly smearing the trunk 50cm below the ground by adopting a whitewashing agent. The formula of the white coating agent comprises: 500g of quicklime, 50g of salt, 50g of sulfur powder and 2500g of water.

Wherein, in the step (2), the compacting of the soil after planting specifically comprises: and backfilling fine soil (mixed with decomposed chicken manure, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, borax, plant ash and oil residue) after the seedlings are implanted until all root systems are buried, lifting the seedlings to stretch the root systems, treading the soil once, backfilling the fine soil (only the fine soil), and treading the soil for the second time to enable the root systems to be in close contact with the soil.

Wherein, in the step (3), the process of Y-shaped tree cultivation is similar to the conventional method. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 7-10 days before germination, the back surface at the position of 120-140cm high of the seedling is cut to form a cambium by using a grafting knife, and the growth advantage of the backpressure branches is inhibited, so that the Y-shaped bone trunk branches and the side branches are cultured. And (3) carrying out secondary bud carving in the bud germination stage, and carving the bud to a cambium by using a grafting knife at a position 1-1.5cm above a bud eye 20-25cm away from the ground to promote a thicker branch to be formed at the cambium so as to obtain another bone branch in a Y-shaped tree form. Fixing the trunk of the seedling after 20-25 days of field planting, binding the 150cm part with the height of 140-; spring and summer shoots which are extracted above 20cm from the ground are timely bound on the bracket when the spring and summer shoots grow to be 20-30cm higher than the bracket. The support is 70-85cm away from the trunk, the steel wire is pulled at a position 1-1.2 m away from the ground, the height of the support is 1.5-2.0m, and the distance is 4-5 m. Pruning in winter, namely, extending main branches, pruning to be 40-50cm, pruning to be 30-40cm in the 2 nd and 3 rd year, basically forming in the 4 th and later years, and not cutting. Controlling the height of the pear tree to be 2-3 m.

Wherein, in step (6), the bagging time is: at 9-11 o ' clock in sunny day or 3-6 o ' clock in afternoon, the bag picking time is 10-16 o ' clock; the primary bag is a white waxed paper small bag with the thickness of 8-12cm x 6-10cm, and the secondary bag is a double-layer paper bag with the thickness of 18-22cm x 14-18cm, yellow outside and white inside.

Wherein, in the step (8), the base fertilizer is applied during the plowing in autumn and winter, the plowing depth is 40-55cm, and the base fertilizer is applied in radial furrows (with the trunk as the center); the artificially planted grass may not be treated during the plowing. The top dressing adopts hole digging and fertilizer application, the top dressing holes are evenly distributed around the trunk, the distance between the top dressing holes and the trunk is 0.5-1.0 meter, the number of the top dressing holes is 4-8, the size of the top dressing holes is 10-15cm, and the depth is 15-30 cm.

The steps are not strictly performed according to time, and can be adjusted and combined according to actual conditions.

The planting method can be used for bearing a large amount of fruits (fruit trees or other fruits can be adjusted according to conditions to reduce risks) in the 2 nd year, obvious benefits can be obtained in the 4 th year, the full bearing period can be reached in the 7 th year, and the cost can be recovered in the 6 th year. In the full bearing period, compared with the conventional planting method, the yield is improved by 10-14%, the weight of a single fruit is improved by 6-8%, and the content of soluble solids is increased by 0.5-1.0%, namely the yield and the quality are both slightly improved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

The invention provides a planting method for rapidly forming a pear garden, which comprises the following steps:

(1) soil cultivation: 7-9 months before planting, turning the plantation for 30-45cm deep, applying 800 kg/mu of 600 plus materials such as weeds or straws and the like on the bottom layer during turning, and applying 1400 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface layer; covering the surface with straw at a thickness of 3-10cm in 11 months, and pouring water once before sealing.

(2) Planting: digging planting pits according to the row spacing of 3.5m and the plant spacing of 2.5 m; the depth of the planting pit is 60-80cm, and the width is 50-60 cm; green manure with the thickness of 25-35cm is put at the bottom of the pit, and 5-10kg of decomposed chicken manure, 0.5-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20-50g of borax, 0.5-1.5kg of plant ash and 2-4kg of oil residue are mixed in the surface soil. Planting in 3 months in the 1 st year, and carrying out root promoting treatment on the seedlings before planting: cutting the crude roots by 2-4cm, soaking the crude roots in clear water for 10-15 hours, then soaking the crude roots in 60-90 times of copper sulfate aqueous solution for 2-3 minutes, then soaking the crude roots in 400mg/kg of rooting powder solution with the concentration of 200-2 minutes, and finally dipping the crude roots in slurry for planting. Compacting soil and watering enough water after planting; during field planting, the ratio of main planting to pollinated variety is 2-2.5: 1; the grafting opening is exposed 5-10cm from the ground during planting.

(3) Shaping and trimming: adopting Y-shaped tree form cultivation, pinching when the back bud is slightly 15-20cm long or the top bud tip is 20-25cm long, and picking bud once in 10-15 days.

(4) Pollination: 7-10 honeycombs per mu, the distance between the honeycombs is 20-25m, and the quantity of the honeycombs is 700-.

(5) Flower and fruit thinning: reserving a flower bud every 15-20cm of the bone trunk branches, and starting thinning fruits according to the ratio of branches to fruits of 2-2.5:1 within 38-42 days after flower withering.

(6) Fruit bagging: spraying bactericide and insecticide (specifically, Dasheng M-45, moth and mite killer and thiophanate methyl) before bagging, bagging once (10 x 8cm white waxed paper small bag) 10-15 days after withering flowers, bagging for 20-28 days after bagging once, and bagging for two times (20 x 16cm double-layer paper bag with yellow outer and white inner) after the bagging is broken; picking the bags 8-15 days before fruit picking to promote coloring; meanwhile, 7-12 days before the fruits are harvested, the blades directly shading the periphery of the fruits are picked off, and the number of the picked-off blades is not more than 15% of the whole plant; the bag can avoid rusty spot and scar.

(7) Harvesting: the fruits are picked after they are ripe.

(8) Fertilization management: starting from the 2 nd year, applying base fertilizer before sealing and freezing after fruiting, gradually increasing year by year until the 5 th year is stable, applying organic fertilizer 3500-4000 kg/mu, bitter soil lime 5-10 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 15-25 kg/mu in the 2 nd year, applying organic fertilizer 3600-4200 kg/mu, bitter soil lime 2-8 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 5-10 kg/mu in the 3 rd year, applying organic fertilizer 4000-4800 kg/mu in the 4 th year, applying organic fertilizer 4500-5000 kg/mu in the 5 th year and later, and turning over the time for applying. Applying additional fertilizer once every year in middle ten days, applying 15-25 kg/mu of urea and 2-5 kg/mu of calcium amino acid, and using leaf fertilizer before bagging, fruit expanding period, fruit picking and fruit picking after flower withering, wherein the leaf fertilizer consists of 0.2-0.4wt% of urea, 0.1-0.3wt% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.1wt% of borax, 0.001-0.005wt% of polyglutamic acid and the like; in the 2 nd year, topdressing is carried out once before germination and in the new growing period, 15-20 kg/mu of urea and 1000-1400 kg/mu of liquid dung (the urea and the liquid dung are mixed and applied), topdressing is carried out once in 7-8 months, and 10-18 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 6-12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; topdressing is carried out once in the flower bud differentiation period and the fruit expansion period in the 3 rd year and later years, and 5-15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium was 1:2: 1.

(9) Hormone administration: applying 300-450 times of paclobutrazol solution before flower bud differentiation from the 2 nd to the 4 th years; the 250-fold solution of the control promoter PBO 200-fold is applied in the flower bud differentiation stage.

(10) Watering management: and (4) watering four times all the year around, wherein the watering and fertilizing are respectively carried out for the last ten days of 3 months, the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months and after the fruits are harvested, and the watering and fertilizing are combined for the two times of harvesting for the last ten days of 5 months and the fruits. Watering to make the water content of the soil in the root zone reach 60-75% of the maximum water-holding capacity of the field.

(11) Weeding management: the inter-tree grass is adopted, the variety is crowtoe, the width of the grass belt is 1.5-2.0m, the grass belt is mowed twice every year, and the grass belt is buried under a tree tray by 40-50cm after each mowed.

(12) Insect prevention management: spraying 5 Baume degrees of lime sulphur for 1 time before germination, spraying 2000 times of psyllium and 800 times of 50% triadimefon from the leaf expanding period to the fruit ripening period, spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 5 months to the middle of 6 months, and spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 6 months, wherein the pesticide is forbidden 30 days before fruit picking. And respectively performing trunk whitewashing in the middle and last ten days of 6 months and 10 months, and uniformly smearing the trunk 50cm below the ground by adopting a whitewashing agent.

Planting test:

planting position: planting in slope land in Xingzi county of Jiujiang city, sandy soil, and adjusting pH value to 5.5-6.8; time: 2005-2015; and (4) plantation: the area is 57 mu, 23 mu (5 mu of rich water and 18 mu of emerald green crowns) is adopted by a conventional method, and 34 mu (5 mu of rich water and 29 mu of emerald green crowns) is adopted by the method.

In the 1 st year, the diameter of a trunk (20 normal plants are randomly selected, the average value is calculated after 12-month measurement) of the planting method is 2.43cm away from the ground by 20cm, the flowering rate (5 normal plants are randomly selected, the average value is calculated after the same), and the survival rate is 100%; by adopting a conventional planting method, the diameter of the trunk is 1.89cm, the flowering rate is 28.2 percent, and the survival rate is 98 percent.

Fruit yield at year 2: the planting method comprises the following steps: 272 kg/mu, adopting a conventional planting method: 5 kg/mu.

Fruit yield at year 3: the planting method comprises the following steps: 852 kg/mu, the fruiting rate (5 normal plants are randomly selected, the average value is calculated, and the same is carried out later) is 57%, and the conventional planting method is adopted: 393 kg/mu; the result rate was 38%.

The fruit yield in 4 th year is realized by adopting the planting method of the patent: 1357 kg/mu, adopting a conventional planting method: 648 kg/mu.

In 5 th year, the fruit yield is increased by adopting the planting method: 1855 kg/mu, adopting conventional planting method: 1043 kg/mu.

The planting method disclosed by the patent is used for 2-3 years of forming years of leaf crowns, and is used for 4-5 years of conventional planting methods.

In the 6 th year, the fruit yield is obtained by adopting the planting method of the patent: 2107 kg/mu, adopting a conventional planting method: 1490 kg/mu; the diameter of the trunk of the plant at the 6 th year was measured: by adopting the planting method, the average diameter of the trunk is 8.55cm (the plant is the same as that in the 1 st year); the average diameter of the trunk was 7.41cm using conventional planting methods.

In the 7 th year, the fruit yield is increased by adopting the planting method of the patent: 2333 kg/mu, using conventional planting method: 1755 kg/mu.

In 8 th year, the fruit yield is increased by adopting the planting method: 2345 kg/mu, adopting a conventional planting method: 1970 kg/mu. The fruit of the 8 th year is detected: when the variety is rich in water, the planting method of the patent is adopted: the content of soluble solids is 12.5 percent, and the average weight of single fruit is 274 g/fruit; adopting a conventional planting method: the content of soluble solids is 11.7 percent, and the average weight of single fruits is 253 g/fruit; when the variety is Cuiguan, the planting method of the patent is adopted: the soluble solid content is 11.9 percent, and the average weight of single fruits is 317 g/fruit; adopting a conventional planting method: the content of soluble solid is 10.3%, and the average weight of single fruit is 299 g/piece. For the detection of soluble solid and single fruit weight, 20 and 100 normal fruits are randomly selected respectively for measurement, and the average value is calculated.

In 9 th year, the fruit yield is increased by adopting the planting method of the patent: 2329 kg/mu, adopting conventional planting method: 2098 kg/mu.

In the 10 th year, the fruit yield is obtained by adopting the planting method of the patent: 2351 kg/mu, adopting conventional planting method: 2080 kg/mu.

By adopting the planting method, a large amount of fruits can be hung in the 2 nd year (fruit tree varieties or other varieties can be subjected to parameter adjustment according to conditions, so that risks are reduced), obvious benefits can be obtained in the 4 th year, the full bearing period can be reached in the 7 th year, and the cost can be recovered in the 6 th year. By adopting a conventional planting method, a large amount of fruits can be hung (with great risk) in the 4 th year, obvious benefits can be obtained in the 6 th year, and the full fruit period can be reached in the 9 th year; costs can only be recovered in year 8. This patent can accelerate the pear tree to carry fruit promptly, produces the benefit rapidly, forms the orchard fast.

In addition, the weight of a single fruit of the pear harvested by the planting method is 6-8% higher than that of the pear harvested by a conventional planting method, the content of soluble solids is 0.5-1.0% higher than that of the pear harvested by the conventional planting method, and the yield of the pear in the full bearing period is 10-14% higher than that of the pear harvested by the conventional planting method.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A planting method for rapidly forming a garden on a pear tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) soil cultivation: 7-9 months before planting, ploughing the plantation for 30-45cm, applying 800 kg/mu of 600-plus-one weeds or straws on the bottom layer and 1400 kg/mu of 1000-plus-one decomposed organic fertilizers on the surface layer during ploughing; covering the surface with straw at a thickness of 3-10cm in 11 months, and watering once before sealing and freezing;

(2) planting: digging planting pits according to the row spacing of 3-4m and the plant spacing of 2-3 m; the depth of the planting pit is 60-80cm, and the width is 50-60 cm; green manure with the thickness of 25-35cm is put at the bottom of the pit, 5-10kg of decomposed chicken manure, 0.5-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20-50g of borax, 0.5-1.5kg of plant ash and 2-4kg of oil residue are mixed in the surface soil; planting 3 months in the 1 st year, selecting nursery stocks with the seedling height of 100 plus one year and the seedling thickness of 0.8-1.0cm in the 1 st year; cutting the coarse roots by 2-4cm before field planting of the nursery stocks, soaking the coarse roots in clear water for 10-15 hours, then soaking the coarse roots in 60-90 times of copper sulfate aqueous solution for 2-3 minutes, then soaking the coarse roots in 400mg/kg rooting powder solution with the concentration of 200-2 minutes, and finally dipping the coarse roots in slurry for planting; compacting soil and watering after field planting; during field planting, the ratio of main planting to pollinated variety is 2-2.5: 1;

(3) shaping and trimming: adopting Y-shaped tree form cultivation, pinching when the back bud is slightly 15-20cm long or the top bud tip is 20-25cm long, and picking bud once in 10-15 days;

(4) pollination: 7-10 honeycombs per mu, the distance between the honeycombs is 20-25m, and the quantity of the honeycombs is 700-;

(5) flower and fruit thinning: reserving a flower bud every 15-20cm of the bone trunk branches, and starting thinning fruits according to the ratio of branches to fruits of 2-2.5:1 within 38-42 days after flower withering;

(6) fruit bagging: spraying bactericide and insecticide before bagging, bagging once 10-15 days after flower withering, and bagging for 20-28 days after bagging once, and bagging for the second time after the bagging is broken by the fruit; picking the bags 8-15 days before fruit picking, and picking off the directly shaded leaves around the fruits 7-12 days before fruit picking, wherein the number of the picked leaves is not more than 15% of the whole leaves;

(7) harvesting: picking after the fruits are ripe;

(8) fertilization management: starting from the 2 nd year, applying base fertilizer before sealing and freezing after fruiting, gradually increasing year by year until the 5 th year is stable, applying organic fertilizers 3500-4000 kg/mu, bitter soil lime 5-10 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 15-25 kg/mu in the 2 nd year, applying organic fertilizers 3600-4200 kg/mu, bitter soil lime 2-8 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 5-10 kg/mu in the 3 rd year, applying organic fertilizers 4000-4800 kg/mu in the 4 th year, and applying organic fertilizers 4500-5000 kg/mu in the 5 th year and later; applying additional fertilizer once every year in middle ten days, applying 15-25 kg/mu of urea and 2-5 kg/mu of calcium amino acid, and applying leaf fertilizer before bagging, during fruit expanding period, before picking fruit and after picking fruit after flower withering, wherein the leaf fertilizer consists of 0.2-0.4wt% of urea, 0.1-0.3wt% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.1wt% of borax and 0.001-0.005wt% of polyglutamic acid; topdressing is carried out once respectively before germination and in a new growing period in the 2 nd year, 15-20 kg/mu of urea and 1400 kg/mu of liquid dung are applied, topdressing is carried out once in 7-8 months, and 10-18 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 6-12 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; topdressing is carried out once in the flower bud differentiation period and the fruit expansion period in 3 rd year and later, and 5-15 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 8-15:15-28: 10-16; the base fertilizer is applied during plowing in autumn and winter, the plowing depth is 40-55cm, and the base fertilizer is applied in radial furrows; the top dressing adopts pit digging and fertilization, the top dressing pits are uniformly distributed around the trunk, the distance between each top dressing pit and the trunk is 0.5-1.0 meter, the number of the top dressing pits is 4-8, the size of each top dressing pit is 10-15cm, and the depth of each top dressing pit is 15-30 cm;

(9) hormone administration: in the 2 nd to 4 th years, before the flower bud differentiation, a solution with the concentration of paclobutrazol of 300-times and a solution with the concentration of promoter PBO of 200-times are applied;

(10) watering management: watering for at least four times, wherein the watering can be combined with fertilization for twice in the last ten days of 3 months, 4 last ten days of 4 months, 5 last ten days of months and after fruit harvesting;

(11) weeding management: the inter-tree grass is adopted, the variety is crowtoe, the width of the grass belt is 1.5-2.0m, the grass belt is mowed twice every year, and the grass belt is buried under a tree tray by 40-50cm after each mowed.

2. The method for rapidly planting a pear tree in a garden according to claim 1, further comprising:

(12) insect prevention management: spraying 5 Baume degrees of lime sulphur for 1 time before germination, spraying 2000 times of psyllium and 800 times of 50% triadimefon from the leaf expanding period to the fruit ripening period, spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 5 months to the middle of 6 months, and spraying 800 times of 800% chlorothalonil wettable powder from the middle of 6 months, wherein the pesticide is forbidden 30 days before fruit picking.

3. A method for quickly planting a pear tree in a garden according to claim 2, wherein the step (12) further comprises: and respectively performing trunk whitewashing in the middle and last ten days of 6 months and 10 months, and uniformly smearing the trunk 50cm below the ground by adopting a whitewashing agent.

4. The planting method for rapidly forming a garden on a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the compacting of soil after planting specifically comprises: and backfilling fine soil after the seedlings are planted, lifting the seedlings until all roots are buried, treading the soil once, backfilling the fine soil again, and treading the soil for the second time.

5. A planting method for rapidly forming a garden on a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the bagging time is as follows: at 9-11 o ' clock in sunny day or 3-6 o ' clock in afternoon, the bag picking time is 10-16 o ' clock; the primary bag is a white waxed paper small bag with the thickness of 8-12cm x 6-10cm, and the secondary bag is a double-layer paper bag with the thickness of 18-22cm x 14-18cm, yellow outside and white inside.