CN106688632A - Cultivation method of cherry nursery stock - Google Patents
Cultivation method of cherry nursery stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688632A CN106688632A CN201710063368.6A CN201710063368A CN106688632A CN 106688632 A CN106688632 A CN 106688632A CN 201710063368 A CN201710063368 A CN 201710063368A CN 106688632 A CN106688632 A CN 106688632A
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- cherry
- nursery stock
- breeding method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a cherry nursery stock. The method comprises the following steps: S1, planting and growing Colt native rootstock to a certain height, shearing a growth point of 35-60cm at a non-lignified part; S2, cutting the growth point obtained in the step S1 in coarse sand, and leaving 3-6 leaves out of the course sand; S3, spraying water on the coarse sand in the step S2 for 20-40 days by use of a timing micro-spraying technology, a callus tissue is grown out at a pruning wound; S4, continuously spraying water on the coarse sand obtained in the step S4 for 20-40 days by use of the timing micro-spraying technology, the callus tissue is developed into a root system to obtain a rootstock seedling; S5, lighting the rootstock seedling obtained in the step S4 per day, ventilating and normally growing; S6, planting the rootstock seedling obtained in the step S5 in the land to grow for one year in next spring; S7, grafting a scion on the rootstock seedling obtained in the step S6 in the spring of the third year, after the scion is successfully grafted, out-planting the cherry nursery stock in the autumn. By use of the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, the cultivated cherry tree root system is developed, the growth is vigorous, and the seedling mortality and rotted root are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-raising technique field of trees, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of cherry nursery stock.
Background technology
Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) is rose family fruit trees in plum line, and fruit is smaller, ripe early, can deserve to be called hundred
Fruit is first.In China, distribution is very wide, North gets Liaoning, south to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, has a plantation west to Gansu, Xinjiang, but with
Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, Hebei are many.Northeast, the mostly Nanking cherry of the cold district plantation of northwest.China's cherry there are about
More than 50 kind, main improved seeds have " short handle cherry ", " the topaz cherry " of Longkou, Anhui Taihe county of Zhuji, zhejiang
" golden red cherry ", " hang down to silk cherry ", " the Hanyuan cherry " in Sichuan of Nanjing etc.；Additionally, the also ground such as Liaoning, Yantai draws
The individual big and sweet European Cherry for entering.But history is shorter, only more than 100 year.Cherry can also be cooked large cherry, Lee in addition to eating raw
The stock of son, peach, oriental cherry etc..Sprouted because the seed of cherry is difficult, nursery stock is difficult to obtain during nursery, therefore have " the nice tree hardly possible of cherry
The saying of cultivation ".The cherry of current China is cultivated following several implantation methods, there is a directly sowing cherry seed, also cuttage and
Grafting, although directly the cherry tree implantation methods of sowing plantation are simple, germination percentage is relatively low；Cuttage, although can bring out excellent
The cherry sapling of matter, but the environmental condition required during production is higher, it is relatively costly, be not suitable for promoting；Grafting, typically adopts at present
Cultivated as stock with downy cherry fruit tree or black poplar peach and formed, environmental suitability is poor, and disease resistance is weak, and survival rate is low, and ties
The fruit time limit is long, the effect that can be only achieved high yield in 8 years, therefore need to look for that a kind of disease resistance is strong, survival rate is high, high-quality cherry nursery
Method is problem demanding prompt solution.
The content of the invention
In view of problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of breeding method of cherry nursery stock,
The method can cultivate well developed root system, and growing way is vigorous, not dead seedling, the cherry tree of not rotten.
The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of breeding method of cherry nursery stock, comprises the following steps：
S1：To examine after special primary stock field planting grows to certain altitude, 35-60cm will be cut in its part for not having lignifying
Growing point；
S2：The growing point cuttage that step S1 is obtained is in rough sand, and the growing point leaves 3-6 piece leaves outside rough sand；
S3：After water spray being carried out to the rough sand in step S2 20-40 days using timing micro-spray technology, clip grows callus group
Knit；
S4：Afterwards, water spray is proceeded to the rough sand in step S4 20-40 days using timing micro-spray technology, makes callus group
Hair-weaving is bred as root system, obtains rootstock seedling；
S5：The rootstock seedling that step S4 is obtained, daily illumination, ventilation, normal growth；
S6：The rootstock seedling field planting that Second Year spring obtains step S5 grows 1 year to big Tanaka；
S7：3rd year spring wrapped up by graft disinfection and with wet cloth, the rootstock seedling that then its grafting is obtained in step S6
On, after grafting survival, this year autumn cherry outplanting.
Further, in step sl, it is described to examine the height that special primary stock field planting grows to 0.5-1.5m.
Further, in step s 2, the depth of the growing point cuttage is 10-30cm；The ring of the growing point cuttage
Border temperature is 20-30 DEG C.
Further, in step s3, a water is sprayed every 5-20min, 30s, the content of each spray water is sprayed every time
It is no less than 100L/ mus.
Further, in step s 4, a water is sprayed every 20-40min, 30s, the content of each spray water is sprayed every time
It is no less than 100L/ mus.
Further, in step s 5, daily illumination 5-12h, divulge information 3-10h.
Further, step S1-S4 is in the light protected environment of greenhouse.
Further, in step s 6, the sapling for obtaining for a year is grown, its a diameter of 0.6-1cm is highly 0.8-
1.5m。
Further, in step s 6, every mu of field planting 66-76 plants of rootstock seedling, a water was poured every three months, altogether
Pour four times.
Further, in the step s 7, the scion is the disease-free cherry tree branch of annual mature and plump, and institute
The two ends for stating scion are whittled into " wedge shape " face, are somebody's turn to do a diameter of 1.5-3cm in side long in " wedge shape " face, and the length of the scion is 7-
11cm。
Further, the breeding method of the cherry nursery stock can be used to cultivate the cherry tree of different cultivars, for example Europe
Large cherry, Chinese small cherry and Nanking cherry etc..
The present invention has the advantages that：
1st, the breeding method of cherry nursery stock provided by the present invention, the cherry tree well developed root system for cultivating, growing way is vigorous,
Not dead seedling, non-rot root；
2nd, the breeding method of cherry nursery stock provided by the present invention, special primary stock cuttage is examined by by no lignifying
In coarse sand, vegetative propagation is carried out, so that natural detoxification is downgraded, reduce the root such as root knot germ, drastically increase cherry
The survival rate of peach and disease-resistant rate, and get bumper crops in advance；
3rd, the breeding method of cherry nursery stock provided by the present invention, the cherry for cultivating is sweet and delicious, and quality is higher.
Specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of breeding method of cherry nursery stock, specific reality is illustrated by taking specific experiment case as an example below
Apply mode, it will be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
In example 1 below -3 examine special primary stock be it is commercially available.
Comparative example 1
Cultivate big purple cherry (conventional method)
From downy cherry fruit tree as stock, smooth position is selected at stock base portion from the ground 1cm, vertically gently
Light one layer of skin of pruning, formation is about 25cm, and the oblong bevel of deep 1.5mm (to expose yellow green cortex as degree) then will
Big purple cherry scion bud tablets (big purple cherry scion collection can be carried out for 1 month before rudiment, growth selection stalwartness, harvesting high-quality high-yield,
The fruitful branch or developmental branch of strong adaptability, no disease and pests harm, then cut with the sturdy branch in tree crown periphery preferably in scion
Under budder, at the following 1.5cm that budders under knife, bud tablets are gently cut down from scion, form 2.5cm long, the ellipse of thick 2mm
Bud tablets, then seal with wax, and are preserved under the conditions of 6 DEG C, ready access upon use) tightly it is attached on the bevel of stock, tightened with plastic film tape,
Then transplanted or sold.
Embodiment 1
Cultivate big purple cherry
When will examine special primary stock field planting and grow to 1m, the growing point of 40cm is cut in its part for not having lignifying, put
In 25 DEG C of environment, and by its cuttage in rough sand, the depth of the growing point cuttage is 20cm, life of the cuttage outside coarse sand
Point long leaves 5 leaves, then sprays a water every 10min with timing micro-spray technology, 30s is sprayed every time, every time sprinkling
100L/ mus, continuous sprinkling 28 days after clip grows callus, a water is sprayed with timing micro-spray technology every 0.5h,
Sprinkling 30s, every time 100L/ mus of sprinkling, continuous sprinkling 30 days, make healing tissue development into root system every time, and normal management is (every afterwards
Its illumination 8h, divulge information 5h), when Second Year spring, special rootstock seedling field planting will be examined in big field growth (every mu big Tanaka's plant 66
Strain rootstock seedling, a water was poured every three months, was poured altogether four times), after 1 year, every plant is examined a diameter of 0.8cm of special rootstock seedling or so,
Highly for 1m or so, the 3rd year spring is using the disease-free big purple cherry tree branch of annual mature and plump as scion, and institute
The two ends for stating scion are whittled into " wedge shape " face, are somebody's turn to do a diameter of 2cm in side long in " wedge shape " face, and the length of the scion is 10cm, then
Its grafting is examined on special rootstock seedling what above-mentioned cultivation was obtained, after grafting survival, this year autumn big purple cherry outplanting is treated
Transplant or sell.
The big purple cherry contrast that the distinct methods of table 1 are cultivated
As can be seen from Table 1, embodiments of the invention 1 are transferred using the special primary big purple cherry tree of stock cultivation is examined than traditional
Connect method survival rate higher, bloom also relatively more early with result, fruit quality is also relatively good, and yield is higher.
Comparative example 2
Cultivate dragon hat cherry (conventional method)
From downy cherry fruit tree as stock, smooth position is selected at stock base portion from the ground 0.8cm, vertically
Gently prune one layer of skin, formation is about 20cm, the oblong bevel of deep 1mm (being degree to expose yellow green cortex), then general
Dragon hat cherry scion bud tablets (dragon hat cherry scion collection can be carried out for 1 month before rudiment, growth selection stalwartness, harvesting high-quality high-yield,
The fruitful branch or developmental branch of strong adaptability, no disease and pests harm, then cut with the sturdy branch in tree crown periphery preferably in scion
Under budder, at the following 1cm that budders under knife, bud tablets are gently cut down from scion, form 2cm long, the oval bud of thick 1.5mm
Piece, then seals with wax, and is preserved under the conditions of 5 DEG C, ready access upon use) tightly it is attached on the bevel of stock, tightened with plastic film tape, so
Transplanted afterwards or sold.
Embodiment 2
Cultivate dragon hat cherry
When will examine special primary stock field planting and grow to 1.5m, the growing point of 60cm is cut in its part for not having lignifying,
It is placed in 20 DEG C of environment, and by its cuttage in rough sand, the depth of the growing point cuttage is 30cm, and cuttage is outside coarse sand
Growing point leaves 6 leaves, then sprays a water every 10min with timing micro-spray technology, and 30s is sprayed every time, every time sprinkling
120L/ mus, continuous sprinkling 40 days after clip grows callus, a water is sprayed with timing micro-spray technology every 0.5h,
Sprinkling 30s, every time 120L/ mus of sprinkling, continuous sprinkling 40 days, make healing tissue development into root system every time, and normal management is (every afterwards
Its illumination 12h, divulge information 10h), when Second Year spring, special rootstock seedling field planting will be examined in big field growth (every mu big Tanaka's plant
70 plants of rootstock seedlings, a water was poured every three months, was poured altogether four times), after 1 year, every plant is examined a diameter of 1cm of special rootstock seedling or so,
Highly it is 1.5m or so, the disease-free dragon of annual mature and plump is preced with cherry tree branch as scion by the 3rd year spring, and
The two ends of the scion are whittled into " wedge shape " face, are somebody's turn to do a diameter of 3cm in side long in " wedge shape " face, and the length of the scion is 11cm, so
Its grafting is examined on special rootstock seedling what above-mentioned cultivation was obtained afterwards, after grafting survival, this year autumn dragon hat cherry outplanting,
Wait to transplant or sell.
The dragon hat cherry contrast that the distinct methods of table 2 are cultivated
As can be seen from Table 2, the embodiment of the present invention 2 cultivates dragon hat cherry tree than traditional grafting using special primary stock is examined
Method survival rate is higher, blooms also relatively more early with result, and fruit quality is also relatively good, and yield is higher, every mu after transplanting 6 years
Yield is up to 650kg.
Comparative example 3
Cultivate Italy's morning red cherry (conventional method)
From downy cherry fruit tree as stock, smooth position is selected at stock base portion from the ground 1.5cm, vertically
Gently prune one layer of skin, formation is about 30cm, the oblong bevel of deep 1.5mm (to expose yellow green cortex to spend), then
By the bud tablets of Italian morning red cherry scion, (Italy's morning red cherry scion collection can be carried out for 1 month before rudiment, growth selection
Stalwartness, harvesting high-quality high-yield, strong adaptability, the fruitful branch or developmental branch of no disease and pests harm, with the sturdy branch in tree crown periphery preferably, so
Buddered under cutting in the scion afterwards, at the following 2cm that budders under knife, bud tablets are gently cut down from scion, form 3cm long, it is thick
The oval bud tablets of 2mm, then seal with wax, and are preserved under the conditions of 8 DEG C, ready access upon use) tightly it is attached on the bevel of stock, use plastics
Film band is tightened, and is then transplanted or sold.
Embodiment 3
Cultivate Italy's morning red cherry
When will examine special primary stock field planting and grow to 0.5m, the growing point of 35cm is cut in its part for not having lignifying,
It is placed in 30 DEG C of environment, and by its cuttage in rough sand, the depth of the growing point cuttage is 10cm, and cuttage is outside coarse sand
Growing point leaves 3 leaves, then sprays a water every 10min with timing micro-spray technology, and 30s is sprayed every time, every time sprinkling
150L/ mus, continuous sprinkling 20 days after clip grows callus, a water is sprayed with timing micro-spray technology every 0.5h,
Sprinkling 30s, every time 150L/ mus of sprinkling, continuous sprinkling 20 days, make healing tissue development into root system every time, and normal management is (every afterwards
Its illumination 5h, divulge information 3h), when Second Year spring, special rootstock seedling field planting will be examined in big field growth (every mu big Tanaka's plant 76
Strain rootstock seedling, a water was poured every three months, was poured altogether four times), after 1 year, every plant is examined a diameter of 0.6cm of special rootstock seedling or so,
Highly for 0.8m or so, the 3rd year spring is using the disease-free Italy's morning red cherry branch article of annual mature and plump as connecing
Fringe, and the two ends of the scion are whittled into " wedge shape " face, are somebody's turn to do a diameter of 1.5cm in side long in " wedge shape " face, the length of the scion
It is 7cm, then its grafting is examined on special rootstock seedling what above-mentioned cultivation was obtained, after grafting survival, this year autumn, Italy was early
Red cherry outplanting, waits to transplant or sells.
Italy's morning red cherry contrast that the distinct methods of table 3 are cultivated
As can be seen from Table 3, the embodiment of the present invention 3 cultivates Italy morning red cherry tree than tradition using special primary stock is examined
Engrafting method survival rate it is higher, bloom also relatively early with result, fruit quality is also relatively good, and yield is higher, transplants 5 years
Afterwards per per mu yield up to 500kg.
Finally it should be noted that：Above-described each embodiment is merely to illustrate technical scheme, rather than to it
Limitation；Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：
It can still modify to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technical side
The scope of case.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of breeding method of cherry nursery stock, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1：To examine after special primary stock field planting grows to certain altitude, the life of 35-60cm will be cut in its part for not having lignifying
Point long；
S2：The growing point cuttage that step S1 is obtained is in rough sand, and the growing point leaves 3-6 piece leaves outside rough sand；
S3：After water spray being carried out to the rough sand in step S2 20-40 days using timing micro-spray technology, clip grows callus；
S4：Afterwards, water spray is proceeded to the rough sand in step S4 20-40 days using timing micro-spray technology, sends out callus
Root system is bred as, rootstock seedling is obtained；
S5：The rootstock seedling that step S4 is obtained, daily illumination, ventilation, normal growth；
S6：The rootstock seedling field planting that Second Year spring obtains step S5 grows 1 year to big Tanaka；
S7：3rd year spring wrapped up by graft disinfection and with wet cloth, then by its grafting on the rootstock seedling that step S6 is obtained, when
After grafting survival, this year autumn cherry outplanting.
2. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step sl, it is described to examine special original
Raw stock field planting grows to the height of 0.5-1.5m.
3. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 2, the growing point
The depth of cuttage is 10-30cm；The environment temperature of the growing point cuttage is 20-30 DEG C.
4. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s3, every 5-20min
Water of spray, sprays 30s every time, and the content of each spray water is no less than 100L/ mus.
5. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 4, every 20-
40min sprays a water, and 30s is sprayed every time, and the content of each spray water is no less than 100L/ mus.
6. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 5, daily illumination 5-
12h, divulge information 3-10h.
7. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S1-S4 is in greenhouse
In light protected environment.
8. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 6, growth 1 year
The sapling for arriving, its a diameter of 0.6-1cm is highly 0.8-1.5m.
9. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step s 6, every mu of crop field plants
66-76 plants of rootstock seedling is planted, a water was poured every three months, poured altogether four times.
10. the breeding method of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step s 7, the scion is
The disease-free cherry tree branch of annual mature and plump, and the two ends of the scion are whittled into " wedge shape " face, are somebody's turn to do " wedge shape " face
The a diameter of 1.5-3cm in side long, the length of the scion is 7-11cm.
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| CN201710063368.6A CN106688632A (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2017-02-03 | Cultivation method of cherry nursery stock |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107580943A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of air layering breeding method of cherry nursery stock |
| CN107691074A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-16 | 聊城大学 | A kind of technical system for promoting large cherry bud differentiation and its development |
| CN108260422A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-07-10 | 河北美林生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Prunus cistena epicormic branch cuttage breeding method |
| CN110057403A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-26 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A kind of evaluation method of 2 years raw sweet cherry seedling qualities |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107580943A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of air layering breeding method of cherry nursery stock |
| CN107691074A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-16 | 聊城大学 | A kind of technical system for promoting large cherry bud differentiation and its development |
| CN107691074B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2020-08-28 | 聊城大学 | Method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds |
| CN108260422A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-07-10 | 河北美林生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Prunus cistena epicormic branch cuttage breeding method |
| CN110057403A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-26 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A kind of evaluation method of 2 years raw sweet cherry seedling qualities |
| CN110057403B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-09-24 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Evaluation method for quality of 2-year-old sweet cherry seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20170524 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |