CN102835230A - Cultivation method for firethorn variety - Google Patents
Cultivation method for firethorn variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835230A CN102835230A CN2012102376477A CN201210237647A CN102835230A CN 102835230 A CN102835230 A CN 102835230A CN 2012102376477 A CN2012102376477 A CN 2012102376477A CN 201210237647 A CN201210237647 A CN 201210237647A CN 102835230 A CN102835230 A CN 102835230A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for a firethorn variety. The method comprises the processes of: screening the variety; hybridizing; proliferating; and performing aphid resistance identification, wherein cutting propagation is adopted during the propagation; and a method of manual inoculation of aphid under a cutting seedling living body condition is adopted in the aphid resistance identification. According to the cultivation method for the firethorn variety, the living body aphid resistance identification is performed after cottage of plantlets; the entire method is low in cost and high in cutting seedling survival rate; the problem that the firethorn is not suitable for cottage is solved; the aphid resistance identification is performed under the cutting seedling living body condition; and an isolating cover is also arranged, so that the migration and cross infection of the aphid are effectively prevented, and the accuracy and the scientificity of the identification code are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of fiery sour jujube kind.
Background technology
The fire sour jujube has another name called the torch fruit, rescues army provisions, is rose family Pyracantha perennial evergreen shrub.Its side shoot is short, and tip becomes echinate.The single leaf alternate shape of falling ovum oblong, nose-circle or nick, base portion are gradually narrow, and there is crenation at the edge.Universal umbel, white.The florescence 4-6 month, the fruit phase 9-11 month.Fruit is red, and is very attractive in appearance.Fire sour jujube adaptability is strong, and growth has higher ornamental value and stronger water and soil conservation ability rapidly.Yin Qinai prunes, and is prone to be shaped, and aspect afforestation and bonsai, is extensively utilized.
The cultivation of conventional fiery sour jujube breed improvement comprises screening varieties, hybridization and three steps of cottage propagation.In the fiery sour jujube cultivation after hybridization, easy damaged by vermin, and the most incidental insect pest is an aphid.The harm of aphid is that not only aphid itself is malnutritive to the fiery sour jujube that the absorption of juice in the fiery sour jujube body causes, and is that also it can propagate multiple virus, causes fiery sour jujube that serious virus disease takes place, thereby brings heavy losses to production.Therefore, carry out the resistance to insects breeding of fiery sour jujube, especially anti-aphid breeding both can improve the yield and quality that fiery sour jujube produces, and can reduce the consumption of agricultural chemicals again, can produce remarkable economic efficiency, ecological benefits and social benefit.Identified on other species in the past that aphid only need be through artificial infection, and directly be inoculated on the plant and get final product, and be stripped evaluation that statistical data was unreliable.And fiery sour jujube is taller and bigger, and inconvenient artificial infection and statistics are inconvenient.
The breeding of fire sour jujube mainly contains seminal propagation, cottage propagation, three kinds of methods of propagation by layering.The treatment technology difficulty of seed propagation is little, speed of emergence is slow and inhomogeneous, but growth of seedling is fast and growing way is vigorous.The cottage propagation reproductive-cost is low, the one-tenth seedling is fast, be prone to formation scale, batch production system, but technical difficulty is higher relatively.In general, cottage propagation is used for the lower plant of degree of lignification more, and such as ball orchid, gloxinia, flameray gerbera etc., the higher plant of degree of lignification is used less and difficult success, like grape, pine tree etc.Fire sour jujube degree of lignification is higher, and cuttage is difficult for into alive, does not have ripe cottage propagation system at present.And the propagation by layering technical difficulty is higher, and the seedling source is limited, is difficult for forming scale, batch production production, and is generally not good by people.Therefore, setting up the cottage propagation system that cost is low, easy and simple to handle, survival rate is high will be that fiery sour jujube is desirable propagation method, also will technical guarantee be provided for we produce fiery sour jujube nursery stock in a large number.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of breeding method of fiery sour jujube kind is provided, aphid is identified can carry out on live body cuttage seedling, and not only data are reliable, and easy to operate.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
A kind of breeding method of fiery sour jujube kind, said method comprise screening varieties, hybridization, breeding and aphis resistance qualification process, and cottage propagation is adopted in breeding, and aphis resistance is identified the way that adopts artificial infection aphid under the cuttage seeding condition of living body.
The breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind of the present invention, cottage propagation comprises following process:
(1) choice of base
Matrix is selected thin river sand for use: garden mould: vermiculite is the proportional arrangement of 2:1:1.5;
(2) preparation of root-growing agent and processing
Make earlier and insert fringe natural dehydration 10 minutes in air, immerse in the root-growing agent then and handle;
(3) clip of slotting fringe
Adopt fringe in make progress growth retardation, sprouting of plant before beginning growth, in 1000 times carbendazim solution, soaked 1 minute afterwards, carry out root-growing agent again and handle;
(4) spraying
The spraying moisturizing should make cuttage seedbed humidity should remain on 80% and be advisable, and spraying intermittently will be lacked; Callus can suitably reduce spraying after forming.When fringe to be inserted generally grows young root, can after blade face moisture evaporates fully, wait a moment and spray again; A large amount of root systems form the back only at noon before and after a small amount of mist cooling, but matrix need regularly water, up to treating to carry out acclimatization and transplants again after lateral root generally grows;
(5) refining seedling and maintenance
Through 50 days management, adventive root can take place in the bough base portion, and root system length just can be transplanted to cloudy canopy district and refine seedling to more than the 3cm, can go up the basin maintenance after the refining seedling finishes.The matrix that last basin is selected for use is with peat: thin river sand: vermiculite: perlite is that the ratio of 2:1:1:1 is prepared.Behind the last basin, pelvic surface of sacrum upper berth one deck moss again is in order to moulding and water conservation.
The breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind of the present invention, the cuttage seeding in aphis resistance is identified is outside equipped with the aphid separation sleeve.
The breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind of the present invention, said root-growing agent add water through root-inducing powder 5 gram with 100mL alcohol and are made into and form.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind of the present invention carries out the live body aphis resistance after through the seedling cuttage to be identified; The entire method cost is low, the cuttage seeding survival rate high; Solved the difficult problem that fiery sour jujube is not suitable for cuttage, and aphis resistance identifies and under cuttage seeding live body situation, to carry out, also be provided with cage; Prevent migrating and cross infection of aphid effectively, guarantee the accuracy and the science of qualification result.
Embodiment
The breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind of the present invention comprises screening varieties, hybridization and reproductive process, and concrete grammar is following:
Step 1, screening varieties
Selection need be carried out the fiery sour jujube material that aphis resistance is identified to it, carries out seeding in nursery bed or cottage propagation.The plantlet of transplant of when height of seedling 20cm, selecting growing way stalwartness, neat and consistent is in plastic flowerpot; The flowerpot specification is basin mouth diameter 15cm, high 13cm; Every basin is planted 1 strain, and every kind repeats to insert Routine Management in the greenhouse after the transplanting more than 20 basins; Promptly can be used for inoculating aphid behind the 10d, acquisition needs to identify the fiery sour jujube material of aphis resistance;
Step 2, hybridization
Big and red but material that anti-aphid ability is lower is a female parent to have branch vigorous, fiery sour jujube fruit, be that male parent is carried out artificial hybridization from 10 parts of best fiery sour jujube materials of aphis resistance.Choose maternal well-developed petal, when petal is not open, castrate, promptly remove masculine flower (can not injure column cap), with sulfuric acid paper bag bagging, the inflorescence bagging of simultaneously male parent being bloomed.(castrate back 3-5d) when treating that maternal column cap stretches out the justacrine mucus, collect the fresh pollen of bagging male parent, with writing brush female parent is pollinated, bagging repeats pollination next day.After fiery sour jujube fruit maturation, carry out threshing, obtain F
1Hybrid seed, February next year makes an inventory and broadcasts in the menophania cave.
Step 3, cottage propagation
Treating to pinch after seedling becomes grows in order to branch, chooses seedling, together with parent's seedling in individual plant numbering cuttage in May.In general, fiery sour jujube is in the cuttage in May, because this time period fire sour jujube branch is soft, degree of lignification is low, relatively more suitable cuttage.The cuttage of fire sour jujube comprises following process:
1) preparation of matrix
The fire sour jujube is liked faintly acid soil, and fiery sour jujube cutting medium requires loose, permeable, ventilative, no germ and impurity, and with thin river sand: garden mould: vermiculite is that the proportional arrangement of 2:1:1.5 is advisable, and the cultivation matrix gas permeability that makes like this is strong, helps root of hair.Like the orchard soil meta-alkalescence, can adopt copperas solution to regulate, also can change vermiculite into become thoroughly decomposed pine needle.Matrix is used 0.2% potassium permanganate solution fumigation before use, is exposed to the sun 8 hours in case courses of infection under the high light of the stifling back of also available 1% Hymexazol-matulaxyl.
2) preparation of root-growing agent
The key that improves rooting rate is the use of plant hormone, and fiery sour jujube degree of lignification is higher, and root-growing agent is difficult for absorbing, thus should be in air before the root-growing agent processing suitable natural dehydration 10 minutes, make it to be in " hungering and thirst " state, help absorbing root-growing agent.
The configuration of root-growing agent and processing: root-inducing powder 5 grams are added water with 100mL alcohol be made into required concentration.When root-growing agent concentration is high, will inserts during cuttage about fringe base portion 4cm and dip in 15 seconds or when root-growing agent concentration is low, will insert fringe immersion 30 minutes in the solution middling speed.
3) clip and the preservation of slotting fringe
Because fiery sour jujube has extremely strong apical dominance, the growth at the easy top of most nutrition consumes in the branch, preferably is selected in plant the opportunity of fringe bar and makes progress before growth retardation, sprouting begin to grow so adopt.With the cutting length is 8cm, 3 branches of top band, and 2 blades of each branch, 6 buds, and should leave and take the bud position according to the moulding needs.The slotting fringe base portion that shears off should soak 1 minute in 1000 times carbendazim solution, carried out root-growing agent again and handled, to reduce the courses of infection chance.
4) cutting time and density
Insert fringe excessively dehydration in the cuttage process for reduce as far as possible, cuttage is preferably in morning at cloudy day or carries out at dusk.Cutting density is advisable with the branch phase non-overlapping copies of inserting fringe, and the degree of depth of cuttage is a principle can fix slotting fringe, and is unsuitable shallow unsuitable dark, be controlled at 2cm, so the easiest taking root of the degree of depth.Cuttage is accomplished the back and is built the high little shed of 50cm, with the light transmission film covering, guarantee water-tight.Days domestic demand of 10-25 afterwards will keep the 5cm distance with 50% sunshade net sunshade between sunshade net and the shed.Cuttage simultaneously must guarantee enough air humiditys later, and under the environmental condition of high temperature, high humidity, the rooting rate of inserting fringe can significantly improve.
5) control of spray time
The growth of fire sour jujube is vigorous, and rising ability is stronger, in addition at the cuttage initial stage, inserts a little less than the water absorbing capacity of fringe otch, causes extremely easily and inserts fringe death, and this is the major reason that the fiery sour jujube cuttage root-taking system of restriction is set up always.Moisturizing is the key that guarantees the cuttage success rate because spray.Grope through repetition test, the spraying moisturizing should make cuttage seedbed humidity should remain on 80% and be advisable, and spraying intermittently will be lacked; Callus can suitably reduce spraying after forming.When fringe to be inserted generally grows young root, can after blade face moisture evaporates fully, wait a moment and spray again; A large amount of root systems form back (more than the 3cm) can be only at noon before and after a small amount of mist cooling, but matrix need regularly water, up to treating to carry out acclimatization and transplants again after lateral root generally grows.
6) refining seedling and maintenance
Through 50 days management, adventive root can take place in the bough base portion, and root system length just can be transplanted to cloudy canopy district to more than the 3cm.The refining seedling needs one-month period, during this period to water with " see dried see wet " be principle.Can go up the basin maintenance after the refining seedling finishes, the matrix that last basin is selected for use is with peat: thin river sand: vermiculite: perlite is that the ratio of 2:1:1:1 is prepared, on the nursery stock basin to accomplish with, with plant, with watering.In order to prevent courses of infection, every first quarter moon can use 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim evenly to spray 1 time.Behind the last basin, pelvic surface of sacrum upper berth one deck moss again is aided with suitable accessory and intersperses according to making the scape needs again, if work good pruning, 1 year maximum 2 years promptly plastic.
Step 4, aphis resistance live body are identified
1) acquisition of fiery sour jujube material
Select fiery sour jujube offspring F
1Material carries out aphis resistance together with this cottage propagation of father and mother and identifies.The method such as the step 3 of cottage propagation are said; The plantlet of transplant of when height of seedling 20cm, selecting growing way stalwartness, neat and consistent is in plastic flowerpot, and the flowerpot specification is basin mouth diameter 15cm, high 13cm, and every basin is planted 1 strain; Every strain is more than repetition 20 basins; Insert Routine Management in the greenhouse after the transplanting, promptly can be used for inoculating aphid behind the 10d, obtain to have the fiery sour jujube offspring F of aphis resistance
1Material;
2) making of aphid cage
Selecting thickness is the polyester transparency of 0.1mm highly transparent; Be made into is the cylinder of 15cm for 30-40cm, diameter highly; The one of which end is sealed with gauze or 80 order fly nets, the one of which end is sealed with gauze or 80 order fly nets, inoculating the aphid back cover on plant; The normal growth that both can be plant and aphid provides necessary space, illumination and air; Can prevent migrating and cross infection of aphid effectively again, guarantee the accuracy and the science of qualification result, be and identify the required cage of aphis resistance.
3) artificial infection and the method for observing statistics
(1) collects the worm source: having on the fiery sour jujube plant of aphid, brushing the aphid of 2～3 ages in days gently or shake off in culture dish with writing brush;
(2) artificial infection: carefully receive the aphid of collecting at the stem end of identifying plant or do not launch the spire place with writing brush; 5 aphids of every strain inoculation, every processing repetition 20 strains.Cover immediately after inoculation finishes and go up the aphid cage, plant is put Routine Management in the greenhouse;
(3) investigation statistics: the aphid quantity after 3 weeks of inoculation on the statistics plant, the reproduction rate of calculating aphid (investigation insect population number/inoculation insect population number) is asked its mean value, by following standard expert evidence is carried out evaluation of resistance:
In the cuttage system, before being handled, root-growing agent makes seedling suitable natural dehydration 10 minutes in air, help absorbing root-growing agent, in root-growing agent, soak then.Fiery in addition sour jujube is liked faintly acid soil, and fiery sour jujube cutting medium requires loose, permeable, ventilative, no germ and impurity, and with thin river sand: garden mould: vermiculite is that the proportional arrangement of 2:1:1.5 is advisable, and the cultivation matrix gas permeability that makes like this is strong, helps root of hair.Like the orchard soil meta-alkalescence, can adopt copperas solution to regulate, also can change vermiculite into become thoroughly decomposed pine needle.Matrix is used 0.2% potassium permanganate solution fumigation before use, is exposed to the sun 8 hours in case courses of infection under the high light of the stifling back of also available 1% Hymexazol-matulaxyl.This cottage method cost is low, easy and simple to handle and survival rate is high, and is very practical.
In aphid is identified; Not only adopt live body to identify aphis resistance; And, the aphid cage provide the normal growth of plant and aphid that necessary space, illumination and air is provided through being set; Can prevent migrating and cross infection of aphid effectively again, guarantee the accuracy and the science of qualification result, be and identify the required cage of aphis resistance.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of a fiery sour jujube kind, said method comprises screening varieties, hybridization, breeding and aphis resistance qualification process, it is characterized in that breeding adopts cottage propagation, aphis resistance is identified the way that adopts artificial infection aphid under the cuttage seeding condition of living body.
2. the breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind according to claim 1 is characterized in that cottage propagation comprises following process:
(1) choice of base
Matrix is selected thin river sand for use: garden mould: vermiculite is the proportional arrangement of 2:1:1.5;
(2) preparation of root-growing agent and processing
Make seedling natural dehydration 10 minutes in air earlier, immerse in the root-growing agent then and handle;
(3) clip of slotting fringe
Adopt fringe in make progress growth retardation, sprouting of plant before beginning growth, in 1000 times carbendazim solution, soaked 1 minute afterwards, carry out root-growing agent again and handle;
(4) spraying
The spraying moisturizing should make cuttage seedbed humidity should remain on 80% and be advisable, and spraying intermittently will be lacked; Callus can suitably reduce spraying after forming; When fringe to be inserted generally grows young root, can after blade face moisture evaporates fully, wait a moment and spray again; A large amount of root systems form the back only at noon before and after a small amount of mist cooling, but matrix need regularly water, up to treating to carry out acclimatization and transplants again after lateral root generally grows;
(5) refining seedling and maintenance
Through 50 days management, adventive root can take place in the bough base portion, and root system length just can be transplanted to cloudy canopy district and refine seedling to more than the 3cm; The refining seedling finishes the back and goes up the basin maintenance, and the matrix that last basin is selected for use is with peat: river sand carefully: vermiculite: perlite is that the ratio of 2:1:1:1 is prepared; Behind the last basin, pelvic surface of sacrum upper berth one deck moss again.
3. the breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in aphis resistance is identified, being outside equipped with the aphid separation sleeve in cuttage seeding.
4. the breeding method of a kind of fiery sour jujube kind according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said root-growing agent adds water through root-inducing powder 5 gram with 100mL alcohol and is made into and forms.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103598003A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 杭州赛石园林集团有限公司 | Method for cultivating firethorn columns in container |
| CN103609299A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 昆明钢铁集团有限责任公司 | High-germination-rate firethorn seed propagation method |
| CN104996154A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏淳盛农业科技发展有限公司 | High-efficiency breeding and transplanting method for Prunus atalantioides |
| CN105210635A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-06 | 广西乐业荣丰中药材科技有限责任公司 | A kind of honeysuckle cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN105660238A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-15 | 邓珂 | Seedling hardening method for hoya carnosa |
| CN105684853A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-22 | 邓珂 | Hoya carnosa seedling hardening matrix |
| CN106386336A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 四川七彩林业开发有限公司 | Pyracantha fortuneana Harlequin cuttage breeding method |
| CN108432529A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-24 | 兴义市龙安园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of purification mating system of single variety fire spine |
| CN112243812A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-22 | 河南科技大学 | Wheat growth period field aphid-resistant screening and identifying device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103609299A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 昆明钢铁集团有限责任公司 | High-germination-rate firethorn seed propagation method |
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| CN104996154A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏淳盛农业科技发展有限公司 | High-efficiency breeding and transplanting method for Prunus atalantioides |
| CN105210635A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-06 | 广西乐业荣丰中药材科技有限责任公司 | A kind of honeysuckle cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN105660238A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-15 | 邓珂 | Seedling hardening method for hoya carnosa |
| CN105684853A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-22 | 邓珂 | Hoya carnosa seedling hardening matrix |
| CN106386336A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 四川七彩林业开发有限公司 | Pyracantha fortuneana Harlequin cuttage breeding method |
| CN108432529A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-24 | 兴义市龙安园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of purification mating system of single variety fire spine |
| CN108432529B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2021-06-08 | 兴义市龙安园林绿化有限公司 | Purification breeding method of single-variety pyracantha fortuneana |
| CN112243812A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-22 | 河南科技大学 | Wheat growth period field aphid-resistant screening and identifying device |
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Application publication date: 20121226 |