CN111264328A - Cultivation method of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture - Google Patents
Cultivation method of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture Download PDFInfo
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- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bougainvillea spectabilis cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a tower type bougainvillea spectabilis serving as a cutting mother plant of a small potted plant; secondly, the stock plant is managed intensively, and the sprouting is promoted; thirdly, collecting the green twigs sprouting in the current year from the periphery of the crown of the stock plant; taking the top end part of the twig as a cutting shoot, and cutting the shoot into a flower mud block; fifthly, placing the flower mud blocks subjected to cuttage into a hole tray, and then placing the flower mud blocks on a water curtain greenhouse seedbed to induce rooting; sixthly, transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse after the seedlings are inserted and the roots are grown, and culturing the seedlings into small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants; according to the method, the shoot at the periphery of the crown of the tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety is collected in 7-8 months for cutting propagation, and the flowering bougainvillea spectabilis small potted plant can be obtained in 10 months in the year as the shoot is subjected to flower bud differentiation before cutting; the height of the small potted plant can be controlled within 30cm after one year, and the small potted plant can bloom for many times, can be placed indoors, and can also be applied to municipal green walls and urban flower arrangement and flower hanging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bougainvillea spectabilis cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture.
Background
Bougainvillea spectabilis also called leaf flower, tissue flower, bougainvillea trifoliata, jiuhega and the like, is evergreen climbing shrub of leaf flower of Mirabilis, has bright bud and long flowering phase, and can bloom all the year round; the bougainvillea spectabilis original-produced places such as brazil and peru are widely used in China, and tropical and subtropical regions are commonly used for hedgerows, flower stands, potted flowers and bonsais and can also be used for bridge greening in southern cities; in cold areas, the plants are cultivated in potted plants or cultivated in greenhouses for viewing.
The small pot culture is a pot culture of 30cm or less. The small potted plant is easy to move, convenient to manage and view, can be arranged in a tea table, a desk or a small room, and is the most suitable for being planted by amateurs who live in cities and do not have abundant space. As climbing shrubs, the height of 1-year seedlings of most varieties of bougainvillea spectabilis is easily over 30cm, and only few varieties with slow growth are suitable for small pot culture.
Zhou Ju (cultivation and appreciation of bouquet of bougainvillea spectabilis) describes the preparation of a bougainvillea spectabilis miniature pot culture, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting varieties such as heavy bud scarlet, golden spot scarlet, silver edge white flower, orange red, cherry bougainvillea spectabilis and the like, cutting annual lignified or semi-lignified branches with the length of 5-7 cm, 3-4 knots and the diameter of 0.3-1 cm in 4-5 months per year for cuttage, keeping 2 leaves (or half leaves) at the front end of the cutting slips, inserting the cutting slips into a sterilized substrate, moisturizing and curing by light, applying fertilizer outside roots for about 20 days, and gradually exercising by strong light after rooting. And (4) cutting for 45-60 days, after roots grow well, transplanting a small amount of matrix into a miniature pot with the diameter of less than 10cm, and carrying out conventional management after seedlings are revived at slightly shady positions for 2-3 days. The appearance and color of the pot are suitable for corresponding to the tree posture, leaf color and flower color of bougainvillea spectabilis, and the pot is rich in contrast change, so that the posture and color beauty of bougainvillea spectabilis are highlighted. Normally managing to 4-5 leaves, pinching and topping, controlling the height of the plant, and reducing the branch position. After the primary branch is formed, pinching is performed to form the secondary branch. The moisture management is preferably slightly dry, the watering is not done, the fertilization is performed by adding fully decomposed bean cake water, poultry dung water and the like into water every 10 days or so, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied for the first 3 times, thin fertilizer is frequently applied, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly applied for the later 2 months, and the buds can appear. 5-6 months are needed from cuttage to molding and flowering, and the complete molding can be realized in 1-2 years. Because the selected varieties are climbing shrub varieties of bougainvillea spectabilis, chrysotium maculatum, silvery white flowers, orange red, bougainvillea glabra and the like which are all bougainvillea spectabilis, the height of 1-year seedlings of the bougainvillea spectabilis easily over 30cm, and the difficulty of controlling the height of the bougainvillea spectabilis as a small potted plant is high. And the annual lignified branches are adopted for cutting seedling raising, and the cutting slips are thicker and the cutting seedlings are difficult to form when used for raising small potted plants.
Zheng Sheng bin and the like select robust, semi-lignified and base slightly brown terminal shoot branches with the thickness of 0.3-0.6 cm for cuttage in Hainan 3-6 months in 'test for cuttage of terminal shoot of bougainvillea spectabilis' and the like, and the adopted method is as follows: (1) 1d before cuttage, using 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to thoroughly wash the matrix in the pot for 1 time, and disinfecting the soil; (2) after inserting, watering thoroughly, wrapping the whole flowerpot with a transparent film bag for moisture preservation, placing all treatment materials in a shade provided with a 75% sunshade net, and watering for 1 time at intervals of 10 days according to the dry and wet state of the matrix. In order to prevent the cut slips from being infected by germs, the patent document "a bougainvillea spectabilis cutting cultivation method" (publication number CN107211683A) discloses that a cutting substrate is sterilized by adopting a Y ray of cobalt 60; in the patent publication of "a cuttage technology for bougainvillea spectabilis" (publication number CN107173040A), a cuttage matrix is sterilized for 10-20 min by using an autoclave. The method has the disadvantages of complicated operation and high cost, and the cuttage bed is easily infected with germs due to soil disinfection because the cuttage bed is directly placed on the ground. In terms of moisture retention measures, in order to retain moisture of cuttings, the patent document "a rapid propagation method of bougainvillea spectabilis" (publication number CN105409509A) adopts a method that after cutting, the bougainvillea spectabilis is put into a grid tray, and then the tray is put on a plastic pot capable of storing water; the patent publication "a breeding method for cutting bougainvillea spectabilis by using floral foam" (publication No. CN107018791A) placing the floral foam blocks with bougainvillea spectabilis cuttings in a tray, covering with a transparent plastic cover, and placing in an environment with sufficient scattered light, wherein the temperature is kept above 20 deg.C; these 2 methods are feasible for small cuttings, but are difficult to apply for mass production. The patent publication "a method for promoting bougainvillea spectabilis twig to take root rapidly" (publication No. CN108207466A) adopts light foam to make floating plate, adopts the current-year growing branch as cutting shoot, and inserts the cutting shoot into the floating plate to float on the broad clean water surface with direct sunlight for root growing; the method is feasible in the north (Xian), and cuttings are easy to lose water and dry up in south China due to sun exposure in summer. The published patent document "bougainvillea spectabilis mud matrix cutting method" (publication number CN104255235A) is to cut with a mud block, put on river sand with the thickness of about 2cm, cover the mud with the river sand, pour water thoroughly, and pour water every 2 days; but covering with river sand to preserve moisture increases the probability of pathogen infection.
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, there is a need for a cultivation technique for small potted bougainvillea spectabilis.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to disclose the technical field of bougainvillea spectabilis cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for cultivating small potted bougainvillea spectabilis is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety as a small potted mother plant;
step two, strengthening management of the stock plant and promoting new buds;
step three, collecting the green twigs sprouting in the current year from the periphery of the crown of the stock plant;
taking the top end part of the twig as a cutting shoot, and cutting the twig into a flower mud block;
placing the flower mud blocks subjected to cuttage into a hole tray, and then placing the flower mud blocks on a water curtain greenhouse seedbed to induce rooting;
and step six, transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse for cultivation after the seedlings are inserted with the roots and the seedlings are planted, and obtaining the blossoming small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants in 10 months.
Preferably, in the first step, the small potted bougainvillea spectabilis mother plant is selected from healthy and strong plants which have bloomed in varieties such as Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and Tachytrix aurantiaca. The bougainvillea spectabilis is a new variety successfully cultivated in the county of Japanese Aizhi from 2004 to 2006, has the advantages of upright plant type, compact structure, dense flowers, no thorns on twigs and extremely slow growth rate, and has the potential possibility of being suitable for small pot culture.
Preferably, in the second step, the breeding of the mother plant further comprises, in addition to daily management: further comprising: 1) dressing a compound fertilizer once every 10-15 days, wherein N, P, K and water solution with the concentration of 300-500 times are 15:15: 15; 2) and (5) retracting and pruning branches at the periphery of the crown in 5-6 months to promote the sprouting.
Preferably, in the third step, the green twigs sprouting in the current year are collected at the middle-upper part of the periphery of the crown of the mother plant before 8 o' clock in 7-8 months and morning, the length of the twigs is 10-12 cm, and the twigs are stored in a foam box in a moisture-preserving way by covering wet towels.
Preferably, the fourth step further comprises the steps of:
1) in a water curtain greenhouse, cutting collected twigs to remove 2-3 leaves at the base parts;
2) then, two cutters are obliquely cut at the base of the tender branch by a sharp edge to form a wedge-shaped or horse ear-shaped cut;
3) leaves at the top end parts of the twigs are reserved and used as cutting slips, the length of the cutting slips is 8-10 cm, and the base parts of the cutting slips are dipped with a root promoting agent and then are cut into flower mud blocks;
preferably, the floral foam blocks are newly cut blocky floral foam with the thickness of 1.0 x 1.8 cm-2.0 x 2.5cm, and are shaped after sinking through natural water absorption after being shaped.
Preferably, the root promoting agent is prepared from the following components: 100-300 mg/L IBA indolebutyric acid is mixed with 1g/L aspirin solution, and yellow mud is added to prepare a slurry state.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the height of the water curtain greenhouse seedbed is 80-90 cm, and the water curtain greenhouse seedbed is made of a stainless steel net.
Preferably, the step five further comprises: after cuttage, keeping the illuminance of a water curtain greenhouse at 2000-3000 lux, the humidity at 80-90% and the temperature at less than or equal to 30 ℃; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day; spraying 1000 times of sterilizing liquid of chlorothalonil every 5-7 days.
Preferably, the sixth step further comprises the steps of:
1) after 25-35 days of cuttage, putting rooted cuttage seedlings and the flower mud blocks into a pot;
2) after potting, culturing in a water curtain greenhouse for 7-10 days, and then transferring to a plastic greenhouse for culturing, wherein compound fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days, and N, P, K is 15, 15 and 500-800 times of aqueous solution;
3) after 1 pinching, the flowering bougainvillea spectabilis small potted plant can be obtained after cultivation for 10 months, and the specifications are as follows: the height is 10-20 cm, and the basin diameter is 6-10 cm;
4) after the cultivation for one year, the small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture can repeatedly bloom for 3-4 times, pinching is performed for 3-4 times in the period, and the plant height can be controlled within 30 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: selecting a tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety as a mother plant, collecting shoots germinating in the current year in 7-8 months, and obtaining a small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture through cutting propagation; because the flower bud differentiation is completed before the twig cuttage, the cultivated small pot plant can bloom in the current 10 months; the tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety has the advantages of upright plant type, compact structure, dense flowers, no thorn on the tender branches, extremely slow growth rate, less pressure for pruning after small pot plants are formed, and easy control of plant type; the bougainvillea spectabilis strong and strong, is favorable for sunshine, has strong heat resistance and easy maintenance, and can bloom for multiple times in one year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a selected and collected cutting of the present invention; collecting green twigs which are not lignified and have the length of 10-12 cm, cutting off base leaves, cutting two sides of the base of the twigs into wedge-shaped or horse ear-shaped cuts by sharp edges, and reserving top leaves to be used as cutting slips.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention cutting the cutting slip into a floral foam block; dipping the base of the cutting shoot in a root promoting agent, inserting the cutting shoot into the floral foam block, and soaking the floral foam block with clear water for shaping and forming before cutting.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a floral foam block subjected to cuttage by centralized storage of a hole plate according to the present invention; and (3) putting the flower mud blocks subjected to cuttage into a hole plate, wherein the hole plate with 50 or 60 grids is adopted.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the rooting induction of the cuttings of the hole trays by means of a water-curtain greenhouse seedbed.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the growth of the terminal bud of bougainvillea spectabilis in 25-35 days after cuttage; new white roots grow out.
FIG. 6 is a growth chart of bougainvillea spectabilis twig 25-35 days after cuttage; new white roots grow out.
FIG. 7 is a growth diagram of a small Tazitriangulation pot culture of the present invention; successfully blooms 10 months in the year.
FIG. 8 is a growth diagram of a 1-year-old small potted plant from the transplanting of bougainvillea spectabilis of the present invention; the height is less than 30 cm.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings:
a cultivation method of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety as a small potted mother plant;
selecting flowering and growing robust plants of the variety of the bougainvillea spectabilis, the variety of the bougainvillea spectabilis and the variety of the bougainvillea spectabilis as mother plants of the small potted plants;
step two, strengthening management of the stock plant and promoting new buds;
the cultivation work of the small potted mother plants includes the following steps besides the daily management: 1) dressing a compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15:15) aqueous solution with the concentration of 300-500 times once every 10-15 days; 2) retracting and pruning branches at the periphery of the crown in 5-6 months to promote new buds;
collecting green twigs for cutting seedling from the periphery of the crown of the small potted plant stock plant;
the collected green twigs are new twigs which germinate in the same year, the twigs are subjected to flower bud differentiation but do not germinate buds, the twigs are collected at the middle-upper part of the periphery of the crown of the small potted parent plant before 8 o' clock in morning in 7-8 months, the length of the twigs is 10-12 cm, and the twigs are covered with a wet towel and stored in a foam box in a moisture-preserving manner;
screening out parts serving as cuttings on the tender branches, and cutting the tender branches into flower mud blocks;
further comprising the steps of:
1) in a water curtain greenhouse, cutting collected green twigs to remove 2-3 leaves at the base parts;
2) then, two cutters are obliquely cut at the base of the tender branch by a sharp edge to form a wedge-shaped or horse ear-shaped cut;
3) leaves at the top end parts of the twigs are reserved and used as cutting slips, the length of the cutting slips is 8-10 cm, and the base parts of the cutting slips are dipped with a root promoting agent and then are cut into flower mud blocks;
the floral foam blocks are blocky floral foam blocks of 1.0 x 1.8 cm-2.0 x 2.5cm, and are shaped after being formed and sinking through natural water absorption; the root growth promoting agent comprises the following preparation components: adding 100-300 mg/L IBA and 1g/L aspirin solution, and adding yellow mud to prepare a slurry state;
placing the flower mud blocks subjected to cuttage into a hole tray, and then placing the flower mud blocks on a water curtain greenhouse seedbed to induce rooting;
the height of the water curtain greenhouse seedbed is 80-90 cm, and the water curtain greenhouse seedbed is made of a stainless steel net; the fifth step further comprises: during the rooting induction period, keeping the daytime illuminance of a water curtain greenhouse at 2000-3000 lux, the humidity at 80-90% and the temperature at less than or equal to 30 ℃; spraying water mist for 1-2 times every day; spraying 1000 times of chlorothalonil every 5-7 days;
step six, transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse after the seedlings are inserted with long roots to culture small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants; further comprising the steps of:
1) after 25-35 days after cuttage, after the white new roots grow out of the floral foam blocks, putting the rooted cuttage seedlings and the floral foam blocks into a pot;
2) after potting, culturing in a water curtain greenhouse for 7-10 days, and then transferring to a plastic greenhouse for culturing; applying 500-800 times of aqueous solution of compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15:15) every 10-15 days;
3) after 1 pinching, the flowering bougainvillea spectabilis small potted plant can be obtained after cultivation for 10 months, and the specifications are as follows: the height is 10-15 cm, and the basin diameter is 8-10 cm;
4) the bougainvillea spectabilis potted plants can bloom for 3-4 times after being cultivated in a greenhouse for one year, a full tree shape can be cultivated by pinching for 3-4 times, and the plant height is controlled within 30 cm.
In the embodiment, the growth vigor of 3 tower-type bougainvillea spectabilis varieties of tower violet, flower and leaf tower violet and tower orange is used for carrying out result verification, robust plants are selected as small potted plant cutting stock plants, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, multiple times of light pruning is carried out in 5-6 months to promote new buds to grow, robust branches grow from the middle upper part of the periphery of a crown in 7-8 months, the top end parts of the robust branches are taken as cutting slips, the branches in the stage are subjected to flower bud differentiation, but the flower buds are not germinated, the branches in the stage are selected for carrying out cutting propagation, the flowering small potted bougainvillea spectabilis obtained in 10 months in the current year, and the flowering rate is more than 90%; the small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture of the embodiment is cultivated in a nursery land for 1 year, can bloom for multiple times, can cultivate a full tree form by pinching, and controls the plant height within 30 cm.
The embodiment operation implementation process comprises the following steps:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The test materials were 3 Bougainvillea varieties, which were 'tower violet' (Bougainvillea glabra 'PinkPixie'), 'flower-leaf tower violet' (b.glabra 'Pink Pixie Variegata') and 'tower Orange' (Bougainvillea 'Pixie Orange'), respectively. Bougainvillea spectabilis is a new variety successfully cultivated in the daycare county from 2004 to 2006, is introduced and cultivated in the old field base of Guangzhou city forestry and garden science research institute in 2014, is upright in plant type, compact in structure, dense in flowers, thornless in tender branches and extremely slow in growth rate, and has potential possibility of being suitable for small pot cultivation.
1.2 test methods
(1) Selecting a plant which is strong in growth and blooms in the last year as a scion stock plant for small pot cutting propagation, applying 300-500 times of aqueous solution of a compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15:15) once every 10-15 days, and slightly trimming for 5-6 months to promote new buds.
(2) Collecting cutting shoots: and collecting strong branches sprouting in the current year from the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown before 8 o' clock in the morning of a sunny day of 7-10 months, and shearing green terminal buds with the length of 10-12 cm. And (4) immediately putting the branches into a plastic foam box after the branches are collected, and covering a wet towel for moisturizing and storing.
(3) Cutting and cuttage: after 2-3 leaves at the base of the twig are cut in a water curtain greenhouse, the base is obliquely cut into a wedge-shaped or horse ear-shaped cut by a sharp edge 2, and the upper leaves are reserved for cutting slips with the length of 8-10 cm.
(4) Cuttage: the cutting substrate is flower mud, the root promoting agent is a solution of IBA 100-300 mg/L + aspirin 1g/L, and yellow mud is added to prepare a slurry state. Cutting the floral foam into small blocks of 1.0 x 1.8 cm-2.0 x 2.5cm, soaking the small blocks with water, naturally sinking, dipping the base parts of the cutting slips with a root promoting agent, inserting the root promoting agent into the floral foam blocks, putting the cut floral foam blocks into a hole tray (with the specification of 50 or 60 holes), placing the floral foam blocks on a seedling frame (with the height of 80cm) of a water curtain greenhouse, keeping the illuminance of the water curtain greenhouse to be 2000-3000 lux after cutting, keeping the humidity to be 80-90%, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 30 ℃; watering for 1-2 times every day until tender leaves do not wither and sag; spraying 1000 times of chlorothalonil every 5-7 days to prevent the contamination of other bacteria.
(5) And (3) potting the rooted seedlings: after the white new roots grow out of the floral foam blocks after cuttage is carried out for 25-35 days, rooting cuttage seedlings and the floral foam blocks are potted, and the substrate is special substrate soil of peat and perlite (1: 1).
(6) And (3) small pot culture: after the cutting seedlings are potted, firstly culturing the cutting seedlings in a water curtain greenhouse for 7 days, then transferring the cutting seedlings to a plastic greenhouse for culturing, and dressing a compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:15:15) and an aqueous solution with the concentration of 500-800 times every 10 days; and (4) pinching or short shearing in time during the growth period of the young shoots to promote new branches so as to cultivate full plant types.
1.3, data processing: and (3) continuously growing roots on the surface of the floral foam 25 days after cuttage, counting the number of the roots on the surface of the floral foam, wherein the rooting rate is the number of rooting cuttings/total cuttings number 100, the withering rate is the number of withering cuttings/total cuttings number 100, the transplanting survival rate is the number of survival seedlings/the number of transplanted seedlings 100, and the flowering rate is the number of flowering seedlings/total seedlings 100.
2 results and analysis
2.1 differences in rooting of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties by cutting
In 2018, in 31 months 7, green branch cutting rooting tests of 3 tower type bougainvillea speetalis varieties are carried out by adopting IBA300 mg/L as a root promoting agent (see table 1), the cutting rooting rate of tower violet and tower orange bougainvillea speetalis is 100%, and the rooting rate of flower leaf tower violet is 96%. The rooting rate of the cutting of the bougainvillea spectabilis is lower than that of green leaf varieties such as bougainvillea spectabilis and orange, the reason may be that the chloroplast content of the bougainvillea spectabilis leaves is lower than that of the green leaf varieties, so that the photosynthesis capability is relatively weaker, and the important function of the photosynthesis capability of the bougainvillea spectabilis leaf on the rooting of the cutting slips is also shown from the side.
TABLE 1 differences in rooting by cutting of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties of different towers
2.2 Effect of different cutting periods on the rooting of bougainvillea spectabilis by cutting
As can be seen from Table 2, the rate of rooting by cutting on 31 days in 7 months is 100%, and the rate of rooting by cutting on 24 days in 8 months and 19 days in 10 months is 84.0% and 81.0%, respectively. Bougainvillea spectabilis buds grow up after 19 days in 10 months, and cuttage with flower buds consumes a large amount of nutrients, so that the rooting rate is reduced. The data in Table 2 show that the method is suitable for bougainvillea spectabilis twig cuttage in 7-8 months.
TABLE 2 influence of different cutting stages on the cutting of bougainvillea spectabilis
2.3 cultivation of Small bougainvillea spectabilis bonsai
The potted transplantation survival rate of 3 tower type bougainvillea spectabilis cutting seedlings reaches 100 percent (table 3). More than 90% of cutting seedlings can bloom in the year of 10 months and 7-8 months; after 10 months and 19 days, the cutting seedlings have buds already germinated during cutting, the buds gradually wither in the cutting rooting process, and the buds do not bloom again at the bottom of 10 months.
After cultivation for 1 year, 100% of cutting seedlings of 3 tower varieties can bloom, and the plant height can be controlled within 30cm after 3-4 times of light pruning (pinching or short cutting).
TABLE 3 Small potted plant cultivation of bougainvillea spectabilis cutting seedlings of different towers
3 conclusion
In the experiment, 3 tower type bougainvillea spectabilis varieties are used as mother plants of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants, cutting seedling is carried out by collecting twigs, the rooting rate of cutting is more than 95%, and the transplanting survival rate is 100%. Collecting shoots which have finished flower bud differentiation and yet bud germination in 7-8 months, cutting and raising seedlings, and performing small pot culture in 10 months in the year until more than 90% of the shoots can bloom; 100 percent of flowers can bloom in 1 year of cultivation, and the plant height can be controlled within 30cm, thus providing a new technical approach for the cultivation of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make modifications and variations within the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications, equivalents and modifications of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a tower type bougainvillea spectabilis variety as a small potted mother plant;
step two, strengthening management of the stock plant and promoting new buds;
step three, collecting the green twigs sprouting in the current year from the periphery of the crown of the stock plant;
taking the top end part of the twig as a cutting shoot, and cutting the twig into a flower mud block;
placing the flower mud blocks subjected to cuttage into a hole tray, and then placing the flower mud blocks on a water curtain greenhouse seedbed to induce rooting;
and step six, transplanting the seedlings to a plastic greenhouse for cultivation after the seedlings are inserted with the roots and the seedlings are planted, and obtaining the blossoming small bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants in 10 months.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the mother plant of the potted bougainvillea spectabilis is selected from the group consisting of strong plants of the variety of bougainvillea spectabilis which have already bloomed.
3. The method for cultivating a small potted bougainvillea spectabilis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the cultivation of the mother plant includes, in addition to daily management: 1) dressing a compound fertilizer once every 10-15 days, wherein N, P, K and water solution with the concentration of 300-500 times are 15:15: 15; 2) and (5) retracting and pruning branches at the periphery of the crown in 5-6 months to promote the sprouting.
4. The method for cultivating small potted bougainvillea spectabilis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the green shoots sprouting in the current year are collected from the middle and upper part of the periphery of the crown of the mother plant before 8 o' clock in morning in 7-8 months, the length is 10-12 cm, and the shoots are stored in a foam box by covering with a wet towel for moisture preservation.
5. The method for cultivating a small potted bougainvillea spectabilis as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step four further comprises the steps of:
1) in a water curtain greenhouse, cutting collected green twigs to remove 2-3 leaves at the base parts;
2) then, two cutters are obliquely cut at the base of the tender branch by a sharp edge to form a wedge-shaped or horse ear-shaped cut;
3) leaves at the top ends of the twigs are reserved to be used as cutting slips, the length of the cutting slips is 8-10 cm, and the base parts of the cutting slips are dipped with a root promoting agent and then are cut into flower mud blocks.
6. The method for cultivating a small potted bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein the floral foam pieces in the fourth step are pieces of floral foam cut into 1.0 x 1.8cm to 2.0 x 2.5cm, and the pieces are shaped after sinking by natural water absorption.
7. The method for cultivating a small potted bougainvillea spectabilis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root growth promoter in the fourth step is prepared from the following components: 100-300 mg/L IBA indolebutyric acid is mixed with 1g/L aspirin solution, and yellow mud is added to prepare a slurry state.
8. The method for cultivating a small potted bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, wherein the height of the water curtain greenhouse seedbed in the fifth step is 80-90 cm, and the seedbed is made of stainless steel mesh.
9. The cultivating method of small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step further comprises: after cuttage, keeping the illuminance of a water curtain greenhouse at 2000-3000 lux, the humidity at 80-90% and the temperature at less than or equal to 30 ℃; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day; spraying 1000 times of sterilizing liquid of chlorothalonil every 5-7 days.
10. The method for cultivating a small bougainvillea spectabilis pot as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sixth step further comprises the steps of:
1) after 25-35 days of cuttage, putting rooted cuttage seedlings and the flower mud blocks into a pot;
2) after potting, culturing in a water curtain greenhouse for 7-10 days, and then transferring to a plastic greenhouse for culturing, wherein compound fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days, and N, P, K is 15, 15 and 500-800 times of aqueous solution;
3) after 1 pinching, the flowering bougainvillea spectabilis small potted plant can be obtained after cultivation for 10 months, and the specifications are as follows: the height is 10-20 cm, and the basin diameter is 6-10 cm;
4) after the cultivation for one year, the small bougainvillea spectabilis pot culture can repeatedly bloom for 3-4 times, pinching is performed for 3-4 times in the period, and the plant height can be controlled within 30 cm.
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