CN109496768B - Pterocarpus marsupium seedling culture method - Google Patents
Pterocarpus marsupium seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/67—Dwarf trees, e.g. bonsai
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for Pterocarpus marsupium, which comprises the following steps of A, harvesting and storing seeds; step B, seedbed treatment; step C, pre-treatment of seeding; d, sowing; e, managing after sowing; f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings; and G, twig cuttage. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method breaks the Pterocarpus marsupium seed dormancy by adopting a mechanical wall breaking method and a soaking combined method, and has the advantages of low cost, easy operation and high germination rate. The treatment of the seedbed of the invention leads the buds of the Pterocarpus marsupium to grow fast and healthily, which is beneficial to the later growth of the Pterocarpus marsupium. The treated twigs selected by cutting breeding have high survival rate and developed root systems, and are suitable for expanding and breeding superior tree and mother trees with special characters or making up for the requirement of seedling culture when seeds are deficient. The invention has good economic benefit and social benefit, and is suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising method, in particular to a seedling raising method for Pterocarpus marsupium, and belongs to the technical field of application of seedling raising methods.
Background
Pterocarpus marsupium is plant of genus Phaseolus of family Leguminosae, evergreen small arbor or arbor, up to 13 m, national secondary protection endangered plant, and special species in China. The palm wood has fine and uniform structure, moderate weight, moderate hardness and decay resistance, and is a precious high-grade material tree species for manufacturing high-grade furniture, craft engraving and special ornaments. The Pterocarpus marsupium is an excellent ornamental tree species for landscaping, has beautiful tree appearance, emerald green color in four seasons, full flowers and red pods, can be used as street trees and shade trees, and is suitable for single-row planting and cluster planting. Because of the excellent material quality, the large rosewood trees are mostly cut down and are not updated well naturally. The ecological environment is damaged, so that wild resources are less and less. Due to excessive cutting and lack of protection consciousness, the palm flowers are mainly distributed in a scattered manner at present and are mostly small seedlings and young seedlings, the number of the seedlings with the diameter at breast height of more than 15cm is small, the continuously distributed forest stands are rare, the research and protection on the precious tree species are enhanced, and the mastering of the efficient breeding technology of the palm flowers is necessary for the resource protection and utilization and the artificial cultivation of the palm flowers.
However, the traditional method for raising the seedlings of the Pterocarpus marsupium has many defects, which are as follows:
a. the traditional seedling raising method for the Pterocarpus marsupium has low efficiency, the germination rate is low due to the hard and compact seed coat and poor water and air permeability of the Pterocarpus marsupium seeds after sowing, the cost is high due to acid and alkali corrosion of the seeds, the technical risk is high, and the method is not easy to popularize.
b. The seedlings are difficult to transplant, grow slowly or stagnate after transplantation, the survival rate of cutting propagation is low, and only root cutting propagation reports are found. In view of this, the invention provides a Pterocarpus marsupium seedling raising method which has the following characteristics:
(1) the mechanical wall breaking method and the soaking combined method are favorable for improving the germination rate of the Pterocarpus marsupium, breaking through the dormancy of the Pterocarpus marsupium and enabling the germination effect of the Pterocarpus marsupium to be better, and the treatment of the seedbed enables the seedlings of the Pterocarpus marsupium to grow fast and healthily and is favorable for the later growth of the Pterocarpus marsupium.
(2) The method has the advantages that the survival rate of the selected twigs by cutting breeding is high, the root system is developed, the method is suitable for expanding and breeding superior tree and mother trees with special characters or making up for the seedling raising requirement when the seeds are deficient, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is suitable for popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a Pterocarpus marsupium seedling raising method, which adopts a mechanical wall breaking method and a soaking combined method to improve the germination rate of Pterocarpus marsupium, is beneficial to breaking through the dormancy of Pterocarpus marsupium seeds and enables the germination effect of Pterocarpus marsupium to be better, and the treatment of a seedbed enables the seedlings of Pterocarpus marsupium to grow fast and healthily and is beneficial to the later growth of Pterocarpus marsupium; the method has the advantages that the survival rate of the selected twigs by cutting breeding is high, the root system is developed, the method is suitable for expanding and breeding superior tree and mother trees with special characters or making up for the seedling raising requirement when the seeds are deficient, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is suitable for popularization and application.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme, and the Pterocarpus marsupium seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
step A, seed harvesting and storage: collecting seeds in the middle ten days of 11 months, manually knocking off, drying pods in the shade and cool ventilated places, screening the seeds, removing impurities, filling the seeds into a plastic bag, sealing, shading, storing at normal temperature, opening the bag opening every 30 days, ventilating for half an hour, and resealing;
step B, seedbed treatment: selecting a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 15cm, wherein the seedbed matrix consists of a surface layer, an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer; wherein:
the surface layer is formed by mixing decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil is 1:3: 6;
the upper layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 4: 6;
the middle layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 3: 7;
the bottom layer is all yellow soil;
step C, pretreatment before sowing: because the seed testa is compact, the seed is sowed after being treated, the seed coat is cut off at one end of the seed by a pair of small scissors, the endosperm is exposed, the length is 2-3mm, the wound needs to be far away from the hilum, the seed is soaked in normal-temperature clear water for 48 hours after mechanical wall breaking, the water is changed once every 12 hours, and the water is disinfected by adding a carbendazim solution with the effective component content of 625 mg/kg;
step D, sowing: c, at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, scattering the seeds treated in the step C into the upper-layer matrix of the seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is about 450 per square meter, and covering the surface-layer matrix after scattering;
e, management after sowing: watering thoroughly after sowing, sterilizing, and building a small plastic arched shed for moisturizing and heating; spraying water regularly from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, watering thoroughly once a week, keeping the surface layer of the substrate wet at other times, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a small arched shed for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature reaches above 25 ℃; after seedlings emerge, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective components of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg is alternately sprayed every other week to prevent and control diseases;
f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings: transplanting after the bud seedlings show 2 leaves and 1 bud, prying the bud seedlings by using bamboo chips with the width of 2cm, removing overlong roots, transplanting the bud seedlings to a container to culture large seedlings, selecting a 120g non-woven bag per square meter for a light matrix container, wherein the diameter of the non-woven bag is 15cm, the height of the non-woven bag is 18cm, and the matrix formula is yellow core soil, peat and sawdust, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; 3 kilograms of imported abelmoschus esculentus controlled release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix material, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly in the evening before transplanting;
after the seedlings are transplanted, the containers are placed in order, the gaps among the containers are 8cm, a shading net is covered on the containers, more than 70% of sun is shaded, root fixing water is sprayed all over once, and the root systems of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix to improve the survival rate; if in rainy days, water is not needed to be sprayed, the shadow net is opened, and the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective ingredients of 700mg/kg and the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg are alternately sprayed after 3-5 days to prevent the seedling diseases; after 15-20 days, when the seedlings are transplanted to survive and new leaves are extracted, removing the shadow net, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% once a week; stopping fertilizing in the middle ten 9 months to promote lignification of young shoots, so as to facilitate overwintering;
g, twig cuttage:
selecting branches, selecting the parent trees with the age of more than 10 years, growing robustly without diseases and insect pests, pruning for 1-2 times before the growth season of the previous year to promote the branches to be rejuvenated, shearing semi-lignified branches before the new buds sprout at the end of 3 months and 4 months of the next year, shearing off the tender parts of terminal buds, wherein the scion length is 12cm, at least one axillary bud is reserved at the upper part, and the branches are inserted into a substrate with the depth of 6 cm; treating the cuttings, smearing vaseline on wounds at the upper ends of the pruned branches to avoid bacterial and fungal infection and reduce water loss, and soaking the bases of the cuttings for 3 hours by adopting a naphthylacetic acid rooting agent with the effective component concentration of 500 mg/kg; after cuttage, watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be in full contact with the scion, building a plastic small arched shed on the seedbed, culturing the same bud seedlings in specification, and shading by 30% through a shading net; when the temperature in the small arch shed is higher than 35 ℃, water is sprayed above the shed for cooling, and sun shading and ventilation measures are combined; after the spike strips spread new leaves and take root, the plastic film of the arched shed is gradually uncovered, the sunshade net is removed, and liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 percent is sprayed once a week.
Specifically, in the seedbed treatment process of the step B, the thickness of the surface layer of the laid substrate is 0.5-1cm, the thickness of the upper layer is 1-3cm, the thickness of the middle layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is less than 10 cm.
Specifically, 2kg/m 3 of slow release fertilizer is added when an upper layer is laid in the seedbed treatment process in the step B, the total nitrogen content of the slow release fertilizer is 180 g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 80 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 80 g/kg.
In the bud seedling transplanting and managing process in the step F, a small amount of bud seedlings are transplanted in sunny days, the transplanting of the bud seedlings is completed within 1 hour, the bud seedlings are suitable for being transplanted in rainy days, the transplanting work needs to be completed in the same day, and a wet towel is covered on a plastic tray for storing the bud seedlings for moisture preservation in the sunny days.
Specifically, the method for transplanting the sprouts in the step F comprises the following steps: holding small bamboo chips with length of 15-20cm and width of 2cm by hand, and cutting the top end into a sharp shape; inserting the tip of the small bamboo chip into a light substrate container, shaking left and right, withdrawing the bamboo chip, planting the bud seedling into the container, righting the bud seedling, backfilling the substrate, and lightly pressing to make the root of the bud seedling closely contact with the substrate; and (5) trimming off the root systems of the sprouts, which are larger than 5cm, by using scissors to prevent roots from being indented.
In the step F, the substrate formula is composed of loess, peat and sawdust during transplanting and managing the seedlings, wherein the loess: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; before use, the sawdust needs to be subjected to stack retting treatment.
Specifically, in the step G of twig cuttage, the formula of the substrate consists of yellow core soil, peat and perlite, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the perlite is 2:1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the mechanical wall breaking method and the soaking combined method are adopted to improve the germination rate of the Pterocarpus marsupium, so that the dormancy of the Pterocarpus marsupium is broken through, the germination effect of the Pterocarpus marsupium is better, the seedling bed treatment of the Pterocarpus marsupium enables the seedlings of the Pterocarpus marsupium to grow fast and healthily, and the later growth of the Pterocarpus marsupium is facilitated.
(2) The method has the advantages that the survival rate of the selected twigs by cutting breeding is high, the root system is developed, the method is suitable for expanding and breeding superior tree and mother trees with special characters or making up for the seedling raising requirement when the seeds are deficient, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, a method for growing seedlings of Pterocarpus marsupium includes the following steps:
step A, seed harvesting and storage: collecting seeds in the middle ten days of 11 months, manually knocking off, drying pods in the shade and cool ventilated places, screening the seeds, removing impurities, filling the seeds into a plastic bag, sealing, shading, storing at normal temperature, opening the bag opening every 30 days, ventilating for half an hour, and resealing;
step B, seedbed treatment: selecting a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 15cm, wherein the seedbed matrix consists of a surface layer, an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer; wherein:
the surface layer is formed by mixing decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil is 1:3: 6;
the upper layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 4: 6;
the middle layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 3: 7;
the bottom layer is all yellow soil;
step C, pretreatment before sowing: because the seed testa is compact, the seed is sowed after being treated, the seed coat is cut off at one end of the seed by a pair of small scissors, the endosperm is exposed, the length is 2-3mm, the wound needs to be far away from the hilum, the seed is soaked in normal-temperature clear water for 48 hours after mechanical wall breaking, the water is changed once every 12 hours, and the water is disinfected by adding a carbendazim solution with the effective component content of 625 mg/kg;
step D, sowing: c, at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, scattering the seeds treated in the step C into the upper-layer matrix of the seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is about 450 per square meter, and covering the surface-layer matrix after scattering;
e, management after sowing: watering thoroughly after sowing, sterilizing, and building a small plastic arched shed for moisturizing and heating; spraying water regularly from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, watering thoroughly once a week, keeping the surface layer of the substrate wet at other times, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a small arched shed for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature reaches above 25 ℃; alternately spraying the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective components of 700mg/kg and the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg every other week after seedling emergence to prevent and control diseases;
f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings: transplanting after the bud seedlings show 2 leaves and 1 bud, prying the bud seedlings by using bamboo chips with the width of 2cm, removing overlong roots, transplanting the bud seedlings to a container to culture large seedlings, selecting a 120g non-woven bag per square meter for a light matrix container, wherein the diameter of the non-woven bag is 15cm, the height of the non-woven bag is 18cm, and the matrix formula is yellow core soil, peat and sawdust, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; 3 kilograms of imported abelmoschus esculentus controlled release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix material, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly in the evening before transplanting;
after the seedlings are transplanted, the containers are placed in order, the gaps among the containers are 8cm, a shading net is covered on the containers, more than 70% of sun is shaded, root fixing water is sprayed all over once, and the root systems of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix to improve the survival rate; if in rainy days, water is not needed to be sprayed, the shadow net is opened, and the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective ingredients of 700mg/kg and the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg are alternately sprayed after 3-5 days to prevent the seedling diseases; after 15-20 days, when the seedlings are transplanted to survive and new leaves are extracted, removing the shadow net, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% once a week; stopping fertilizing in the middle ten 9 months to promote lignification of young shoots, so as to facilitate overwintering;
g, twig cuttage:
selecting branches, selecting the parent trees with the age of more than 10 years, growing robustly without diseases and insect pests, pruning for 1-2 times before the growth season of the previous year to promote the branches to be rejuvenated, shearing semi-lignified branches before the new buds sprout at the end of 3 months and 4 months of the next year, shearing off the tender parts of terminal buds, wherein the scion length is 12cm, at least one axillary bud is reserved at the upper part, and the branches are inserted into a substrate with the depth of 6 cm; treating the cuttings, smearing vaseline on wounds at the upper ends of the pruned branches to avoid bacterial and fungal infection and reduce water loss, and soaking the bases of the cuttings for 3 hours by adopting a naphthylacetic acid rooting agent with the effective component concentration of 500 mg/kg; after cuttage, watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be in full contact with the scion, building a plastic small arched shed on the seedbed, culturing the same bud seedlings in specification, and shading by 30% through a shading net; when the temperature in the small arch shed is higher than 35 ℃, water is sprayed above the shed for cooling, and sun shading and ventilation measures are combined; after the spike strips spread new leaves and take root, the plastic film of the arched shed is gradually uncovered, the sunshade net is removed, and liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 percent is sprayed once a week.
Specifically, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1cm, the thickness of the upper layer is 1-3cm, the thickness of the middle layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is less than 10 cm.
Specifically, 2kg/m 3 of slow release fertilizer is added when an upper layer is laid in the seedbed treatment process in the step B, the total nitrogen content of the slow release fertilizer is 180 g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 80 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 80 g/kg.
In the bud seedling transplanting and managing process in the step F, a small amount of bud seedlings are transplanted in sunny days, the transplanting of the bud seedlings is completed within 1 hour, the bud seedlings are suitable for being transplanted in rainy days, the transplanting work needs to be completed in the same day, and a wet towel is covered on a plastic tray for storing the bud seedlings for moisture preservation in the sunny days.
Specifically, the method for transplanting the sprouts in the step F comprises the following steps: holding small bamboo chips with length of 15-20cm and width of 2cm by hand, and cutting the top end into a sharp shape; inserting the tip of the small bamboo chip into a light substrate container, shaking left and right, withdrawing the bamboo chip, planting the bud seedling into the container, righting the bud seedling, backfilling the substrate, and lightly pressing to make the root system of the bud seedling closely contact with the substrate; the main root of the bud seedling is larger than 5cm, and can be trimmed by scissors to prevent root nesting.
Example two:
a Pterocarpus marsupium seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
step A, seed harvesting and storage: collecting seeds in the middle ten days of 11 months, manually knocking off, drying pods in the shade and cool ventilated places, screening the seeds, removing impurities, filling the seeds into a plastic bag, sealing, shading, storing at normal temperature, opening the bag opening every 30 days, ventilating for half an hour, and resealing;
step B, seedbed treatment: selecting a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 15cm, wherein the seedbed matrix consists of a surface layer, an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the surface layer is formed by mixing decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil is 1:3: 6;
the upper layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 4: 6;
the middle layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 3: 7;
the bottom layer is all yellow soil;
step C, pretreatment before sowing: because the seed testa is compact, the seed is sowed after being treated, the seed coat is cut off at one end of the seed by a pair of small scissors, the endosperm is exposed, the length is 2-3mm, the wound needs to be far away from the hilum, the seed is soaked in normal-temperature clear water for 48 hours after mechanical wall breaking, the water is changed once every 12 hours, and the water is disinfected by adding a carbendazim solution with the effective component content of 625 mg/kg;
step D, sowing: c, at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, scattering the seeds treated in the step C into the upper-layer matrix of the seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is about 450 per square meter, and covering the surface-layer matrix after scattering;
e, management after sowing: watering thoroughly after sowing, sterilizing, and building a small plastic arched shed for moisturizing and heating; spraying water frequently from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, watering thoroughly once a week, keeping the surface layer of the matrix wet at other times, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a small arched shed for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature reaches above 25 ℃; after seedlings emerge, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective components of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg is alternately sprayed every other week to prevent and control diseases;
f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings: transplanting after the bud seedlings show 2 leaves and 1 bud, prying the bud seedlings by using bamboo chips with the width of 2cm, removing overlong roots, transplanting the bud seedlings to a container to culture large seedlings, selecting a 120g non-woven bag per square meter for a light matrix container, wherein the diameter of the non-woven bag is 15cm, the height of the non-woven bag is 18cm, and the matrix formula is yellow core soil, peat and sawdust, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; before being used, sawdust needs to be subjected to stack retting treatment, 3 kilograms of imported embelia babyloides applied controlled release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix material, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly in the evening before transplanting; after the seedlings are transplanted, the containers are placed in order, the gaps among the containers are 8cm, a shading net is covered on the containers, more than 70% of sun is shaded, root fixing water is sprayed all over once, and the root systems of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix to improve the survival rate; if in rainy days, water is not needed to be sprayed, the shadow net is opened, and after 3 to 5 days, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective ingredients of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution of 625mg/kg is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the diseases of the seedlings; after 15-20 days, when the seedlings are transplanted to survive and new leaves are extracted, removing the shadow net, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% once a week; stopping fertilizing in the middle ten 9 months to promote lignification of young shoots, so as to facilitate overwintering;
g, twig cuttage:
selecting branches, selecting the parent trees with the age of more than 10 years, growing robustly without diseases and insect pests, pruning for 1-2 times before the growth season of the previous year to promote the branches to be rejuvenated, shearing semi-lignified branches before the new buds sprout at the end of 3 months and 4 months of the next year, shearing off the tender parts of terminal buds, wherein the scion length is 12cm, at least one axillary bud is reserved at the upper part, and the branches are inserted into a substrate with the depth of 6 cm; the cutting medium is formed by mixing yellow core soil, peat and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:1: 1;
treating the cuttings, smearing vaseline on wounds at the upper ends of the pruned branches to avoid bacterial and fungal infection and reduce water loss, and soaking the bases of the cuttings for 3 hours by adopting a naphthylacetic acid rooting agent with the effective component concentration of 500 mg/kg; after cuttage, watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be in full contact with the scion, building a plastic small arched shed on the seedbed, culturing the same bud seedlings in specification, and shading by 30% through a shading net; when the temperature in the small arch shed is higher than 35 ℃, water is sprayed above the shed for cooling, and sun shading and ventilation measures are combined; after the spike strips spread new leaves and take root, the plastic film of the arched shed is gradually uncovered, the sunshade net is removed, and foliar fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 percent is sprayed once a week.
Specifically, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1cm, the thickness of the upper layer is 1-3cm, the thickness of the middle layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is less than 10 cm.
Specifically, 2kg/m 3 of slow release fertilizer is added when an upper layer is laid in the seedbed treatment process in the step B, the total nitrogen content of the slow release fertilizer is 180 g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 80 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 80 g/kg.
In the bud seedling transplanting and managing process in the step F, a small amount of bud seedlings are transplanted in sunny days, the transplanting of the bud seedlings is completed within 1 hour, the bud seedlings are suitable for being transplanted in rainy days, the transplanting work needs to be completed in the same day, and a wet towel is covered on a plastic tray for storing the bud seedlings for moisture preservation in the sunny days.
Specifically, the method for transplanting the sprouts in the step F comprises the following steps: holding small bamboo chips with length of 15-20cm and width of 2cm by hand, and cutting the top end into a sharp shape; inserting the tip of the small bamboo chip into a light substrate container, shaking left and right, withdrawing the bamboo chip, planting the bud seedling into the container, righting the bud seedling, backfilling the substrate, and lightly pressing to make the root system of the bud seedling closely contact with the substrate; the main root of the bud seedling is larger than 5cm, and can be trimmed by scissors to prevent root nesting.
Example three:
a Pterocarpus marsupium seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
step A, seed harvesting and storage: collecting seeds in the middle ten days of 11 months, manually knocking off, drying pods in the shade and cool ventilated places, screening the seeds, removing impurities, filling the seeds into a plastic bag, sealing, shading, storing at normal temperature, opening the bag opening every 30 days, ventilating for half an hour, and resealing;
step B, seedbed treatment: selecting a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 15cm, wherein the seedbed matrix consists of a surface layer, an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the surface layer is formed by mixing decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil is 1:3: 6;
the upper layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 4: 6;
the middle layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 3: 7;
the bottom layer is all yellow soil;
step C, pretreatment before sowing: because the seed testa is compact, the seed is sowed after being treated, the seed coat is cut off at one end of the seed by a pair of small scissors, the endosperm is exposed, the length is 2-3mm, the wound needs to be far away from the hilum, the seed is soaked in normal-temperature clear water for 48 hours after mechanical wall breaking, the water is changed once every 12 hours, and the water is disinfected by adding a carbendazim solution with the effective component content of 625 mg/kg;
step D, sowing: c, at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, scattering the seeds treated in the step C into the upper-layer matrix of the seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is about 450 per square meter, and covering the surface-layer matrix after scattering;
e, management after sowing: watering thoroughly after sowing, sterilizing, and building a small plastic arched shed for moisturizing and heating; spraying water frequently from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, watering thoroughly once a week, keeping the surface layer of the matrix wet at other times, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a small arched shed for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature reaches above 25 ℃; after seedlings emerge, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective components of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg is alternately sprayed every other week to prevent and control diseases;
f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings: transplanting after 2 leaves and 1 bud are spread out from the bud seedling, prying out the bud seedling by using a bamboo chip with the width of 20mm, trimming off overlong roots, transplanting to a container to culture a big seedling, selecting a non-woven bag with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 18cm for a light substrate container, wherein the substrate formula is composed of yellow core soil, peat and sawdust: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; before being used, sawdust needs to be subjected to stack retting treatment, 3 kilograms of imported embelia babyloides applied controlled release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix material, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly in the evening before transplanting;
after the seedlings are transplanted, the containers are placed in order, the gaps among the containers are 8cm, a shading net is covered on the containers, more than 70% of sun is shaded, root fixing water is sprayed all over once, and the root systems of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix to improve the survival rate; if in rainy days, water is not needed to be sprayed, the shadow net is opened, and after 3 to 5 days, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective ingredients of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution of 625mg/kg is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the diseases of the seedlings; after 15-20 days, when the seedlings are transplanted to survive and new leaves are extracted, removing the shadow net, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% once a week; stopping fertilizing in the middle ten 9 months to promote lignification of young shoots, so as to facilitate overwintering;
g, twig cuttage:
selecting branches, selecting the parent trees with the age of more than 10 years, growing robustly without diseases and insect pests, pruning for 1-2 times before the growth season of the previous year to promote the branches to be rejuvenated, shearing semi-lignified branches before the new buds sprout at the end of 3 months and 4 months of the next year, shearing off the tender parts of terminal buds, wherein the scion length is 12cm, at least one axillary bud is reserved at the upper part, and the branches are inserted into a substrate with the depth of 6 cm; the cutting medium is formed by mixing yellow core soil, peat and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:1: 1;
treating the cuttings, smearing vaseline on wounds at the upper ends of the pruned branches to avoid bacterial and fungal infection and reduce water loss, and soaking the bases of the cuttings for 3 hours by adopting a naphthylacetic acid rooting agent with the effective component concentration of 500 mg/kg; after cuttage, watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be in full contact with the scion, building a plastic small arched shed on the seedbed, culturing the same bud seedlings in specification, and shading by 30% through a shading net; when the temperature in the small arch shed is higher than 35 ℃, water is sprayed above the shed for cooling, and sun shading and ventilation measures are combined; after the spike strips spread new leaves and take root, the plastic film of the arched shed is gradually uncovered, the sunshade net is removed, and foliar fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 percent is sprayed once a week.
Specifically, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1cm, the thickness of the upper layer is 1-3cm, the thickness of the middle layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is less than 10 cm.
Specifically, 2kg/m 3 of slow release fertilizer is added when an upper layer is laid in the seedbed treatment process in the step B, the total nitrogen content of the slow release fertilizer is 180 g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 80 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 80 g/kg.
In the bud seedling transplanting and managing process in the step F, a small amount of bud seedlings are transplanted in sunny days, the transplanting of the bud seedlings is completed within 1 hour, the bud seedlings are suitable for being transplanted in rainy days, the transplanting work needs to be completed in the same day, and a wet towel is covered on a plastic tray for storing the bud seedlings for moisture preservation in the sunny days.
Specifically, the method for transplanting the sprouts in the step F comprises the following steps: holding small bamboo chips with length of 15-20cm and width of 2cm by hand, and cutting the top end into a sharp shape; inserting the tip of the small bamboo chip into a light substrate container, shaking left and right, withdrawing the bamboo chip, planting the bud seedling into the container, righting the bud seedling, backfilling the substrate, and lightly pressing to make the root system of the bud seedling closely contact with the substrate; the main root of the bud seedling is larger than 5cm, and can be trimmed by scissors to prevent root nesting.
The test method for performing the skin breaking experiment on the seeds comprises the following steps:
1. taking 900 healthy and full seeds, and randomly dividing into 3 parts, wherein each part comprises 300 seeds;
2. 300 seeds are taken, the episperm is cut by small scissors at the position far away from the hilum and filled into a nylon mesh bag, and another 300 seeds are taken and directly filled into the nylon mesh bag. Soaking the seeds in the two bags of seeds;
3. the seed soaking liquid is warm clear water with the initial temperature of 40 ℃. The total seed soaking time is 48 hours, water is changed once every 12 hours, and carbendazim is added into the water for disinfection;
4. pouring warm clear water into two identical containers, and placing each container into a bag for seed soaking. The two are synchronously timed;
5. after seed soaking, fishing out the seeds, slightly drying in the shade and then sowing;
6. the seeds are soaked in warm water for mechanically breaking the walls, soaked in warm water for not mechanically breaking the walls and not treated, and are respectively divided into 3 parts, each 100 grains. Sequentially sowing the seeds on the seedbed in blocks, wherein each block contains 100 seeds, numbering and registering the seeds, and repeating the steps for 3 times;
7. 50 days after sowing, investigating the number of seedlings and calculating the rate of emergence;
and (3) test results: soaking 286 seedlings of the seeds in warm water for mechanical wall breaking, 118 seedlings of the seeds in warm water for non-mechanical wall breaking, and 102 seedlings of the seeds without any treatment, wherein the germination rates are respectively 95%, 39% and 34%.
The rosewood grown by the seedling raising methods of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment has better growth, higher seedling transplanting survival rate and stronger cold resistance compared with the rosewood grown by the traditional seedling raising method.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A Pterocarpus marsupium seedling culture method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step A, seed harvesting and storage: collecting seeds in the middle ten days of 11 months, manually knocking off, drying pods in the shade and cool ventilated places, screening the seeds, removing impurities, filling the seeds into a plastic bag, sealing, shading, storing at normal temperature, opening the bag opening every 30 days, ventilating for half an hour, and resealing;
step B, seedbed treatment: selecting a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 15cm, wherein the seedbed matrix consists of a surface layer, an upper layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer; wherein:
the surface layer is formed by mixing decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the decomposed chaff, peat and yellow core soil is 1:3: 6;
the upper layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 4: 6;
the middle layer is formed by mixing peat and yellow core soil according to a certain proportion, and the volume ratio of the peat to the yellow core soil is 3: 7;
the bottom layer is all yellow soil;
step C, pretreatment before sowing: because the seed testa is compact, the seed is sowed after being treated, the seed coat is cut off at one end of the seed by a pair of small scissors, the endosperm is exposed, the length is 2-3mm, the wound needs to be far away from the hilum, the seed is soaked in normal-temperature clear water for 48 hours after mechanical wall breaking, the water is changed once every 12 hours, and the water is disinfected by adding a carbendazim solution with the effective component content of 625 mg/kg;
step D, sowing: c, at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, scattering the seeds treated in the step C into the upper-layer matrix of the seedbed, wherein the number of the seeds is about 450 per square meter, and covering the surface-layer matrix after scattering;
e, management after sowing: watering thoroughly after sowing, sterilizing, and building a small plastic arched shed for moisturizing and heating; spraying water regularly from the sowing to the seedling emergence stage, watering thoroughly once a week, keeping the surface layer of the substrate wet at other times, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a small arched shed for ventilation and cooling when the air temperature reaches above 25 ℃; alternately spraying the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective components of 700mg/kg and the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 625mg/kg every other week after seedling emergence to prevent and control diseases;
f, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings: transplanting after the bud seedlings show 2 leaves and 1 bud, prying the bud seedlings by using bamboo chips with the width of 2cm, removing overlong roots, transplanting the bud seedlings to a container to culture large seedlings, selecting a 120g non-woven bag per square meter for a light matrix container, wherein the diameter of the non-woven bag is 15cm, the height of the non-woven bag is 18cm, and the matrix formula is yellow core soil, peat and sawdust, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5: 2; 3 kilograms of imported abelmoschus esculentus controlled release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix material, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly in the evening before transplanting;
after the seedlings are transplanted, the containers are placed in order, the gaps among the containers are 8cm, a shading net is covered on the containers, more than 70% of sun is shaded, root fixing water is sprayed all over once, and the root systems of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix to improve the survival rate; if in rainy days, water is not needed to be sprayed, the shadow net is opened, and after 3 to 5 days, the thiophanate-methyl solution with the concentration of the effective ingredients of 700mg/kg or the carbendazim solution of 625mg/kg is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the diseases of the seedlings; after 15-20 days, when the seedlings are transplanted to survive and new leaves are extracted, removing the shadow nets, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% every week; stopping fertilizing in the middle ten 9 months to promote lignification of young shoots, so as to facilitate overwintering;
g, twig cuttage:
(1) selecting branches, selecting the parent trees with the age of more than 10 years, growing robustly without diseases and insect pests, pruning for 1-2 times before the growth season of the previous year to promote the branches to be rejuvenated, shearing semi-lignified branches before the new buds sprout at the end of 3 months and 4 months of the next year, shearing off the tender parts of terminal buds, wherein the scion length is 12cm, at least one axillary bud is reserved at the upper part, and the branches are inserted into a substrate with the depth of 6 cm;
(2) treating the cuttings, smearing vaseline on wounds at the upper ends of the pruned branches to avoid bacterial and fungal infection and reduce water loss, and soaking the bases of the cuttings for 3 hours by adopting a naphthylacetic acid rooting agent with the effective component concentration of 500 mg/kg; after cuttage, watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be in full contact with the scion, building a plastic small arched shed on the seedbed, culturing the same bud seedlings in specification, and shading by 30% through a shading net; when the temperature in the small arch shed is higher than 35 ℃, water is sprayed above the shed for cooling, and sun shading and ventilation measures are combined; gradually uncovering an arched shed plastic film after the spike strips develop new leaves and take roots, removing a sunshade net, and spraying liquid fertilizer, urea or compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.5% once a week;
the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5-1cm, the thickness of the upper layer is 1-3cm, the thickness of the middle layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is less than 10 cm;
holding small bamboo chips with length of 15-20cm and width of 2cm by hand, and cutting the top end into a sharp shape; inserting the tip of the small bamboo chip into a light substrate container, shaking left and right, withdrawing the bamboo chip, planting the bud seedling into the container, righting the bud seedling, backfilling the substrate, and lightly pressing to make the root of the bud seedling closely contact with the substrate; before planting, pruning the root system with the length larger than 5cm by using scissors to prevent roots from being indented;
in the step G, in the twig cuttage, the formula of the substrate consists of yellow core soil, peat and perlite, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the perlite is 2:1: 1.
2. A method of growing seedlings of rosewood according to claim 1, characterized in that: and B, 2kg/m & lt 3 & gt of slow release fertilizers are added when the upper layer is laid in the seedbed treatment process in the step B, the total nitrogen content of the slow release fertilizers is 180 g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 80 g/kg, and the total potassium content is 80 g/kg.
3. A method of growing seedlings of rosewood according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the bud seedling transplanting and managing process in the step F, when the bud seedlings are transplanted in a sunny day, a small amount of bud seedlings are needed to be transplanted for many times, the transplanting of the bud seedlings is preferably completed within 1 hour, the bud seedlings are likely to start in rainy days, the transplanting work needs to be completed in the same day, and when the bud seedlings are transplanted in the sunny day, a wet towel is covered on a plastic disc for storing the bud seedlings to preserve moisture.
4. A method of growing seedlings of rosewood according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step F, transplanting and managing the bud seedlings, the matrix formula is composed of yellow core soil, peat and sawdust, wherein the yellow core soil: peat: the volume ratio of the sawdust is 3:5:2, and before use, the sawdust needs to be subjected to stack retting treatment.
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