CN107258293A - A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage - Google Patents
A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258293A CN107258293A CN201710599207.9A CN201710599207A CN107258293A CN 107258293 A CN107258293 A CN 107258293A CN 201710599207 A CN201710599207 A CN 201710599207A CN 107258293 A CN107258293 A CN 107258293A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage, comprise the following steps：The selection of fringe bar；The clip of cuttings；The preparation of matrix and slotting machine；Cuttage and insert after manage；Managed after nursery stock transplanting and cultivation.The advantage of the invention is that：Promote the cuttage and seedling culture method of rich root using simple bud, the immersion of IBA root-growing agents, 12 times faster than common cottage method of breeding coefficient, cuttage survival rate is up to more than 90%, more than the clone nursery stock 10cm bred lateral root number is up to more than 30, the rich root strong sprout of toon clone of high-quality can quickly be bred, demand of the production to breeding strong sprout is met, the surrival rate of afforestation is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant reproduction, more particularly to a kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage.
Background technology
Toon (Toona ciliata), is Meliaceae Cedrela fallen leaves or half fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, " China is enjoyed in the world
The good reputation of mahogany ".Rapidly, form is satisfactorily logical straight, and material is excellent for toon growth, is the preferable fast-growing treasure for cultivating large diameter material
Your commerical tree species, is also excellent furniture woodses seeds.Toon is national II grade of Top-rated protected wild plants, and NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is in good fortune
Build, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, the provinces and regions such as Sichuan and Yunnan, but because natural renovation is difficult, natural resources is fewer and fewer.Toon is certainly
It is no lack of dry-shaped straight, satisfactory select tree in right resource, current toon breeding mainly passes through seminal propagation, it is impossible to preserve select tree
Good characteristic, and seed is very limited；Using the also prematurity of the current technology of the method for tissue cultures；It can be protected using cutting propagation
The good characteristic of select tree, but cuttings 2-3 bud of band prepared by current common cottage method are deposited, reproductive efficiency is low, unfavorable
In the clone nursery stock for quickly breeding select tree.The present invention is carried out using the rich root seedling-raising technique of single-bud cuttage using soilless substrate
Cuttage, then be transplanted in soil matrix matter and cultivated, the problem of Clones of Plus Trees is quickly bred can be solved, and turn out richness
Offspring is to improve the surrival rate of afforestation, and the quick breeding for toon fine individual plant is significant with promoting.At present, there is not yet
The report of the rich offspring of Clones of Plus Trees is cultivated with toon single-bud cuttage.
Currently available technology has 2 kinds：
Toon seeding and seedling raising technology：Pluck when capsule is brown but when not ftractureing, after seed collection, airing threshing is gone
It is fitted into after miscellaneous in hermetic bag, puts cryopreservation in 5 DEG C or so of refrigerator.General spring is sowed, and spring sowing is preferably entered in mid-March
OK.Fine site preparation is first carried out before sowing, composite fertilizer 30-40kg/ mus is applied, 25kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer makees base manure, and is made into wide 1.2-
1.5m turtleback shape seedbed.Shallow ridges drilling is opened during sowing, bar sows 1kg/ mus away from 20-25cm, covers fine earth thickness 0.5cm, with
It is degree to lose seed, upper with long covering, treats that seedling is largely unearthed and removes lid grass.Seedling stage be mainly water and fertilizer management, pest and disease damage prevent
Control and weed with a hoe.Timely weeding after emerging；Rainy season will exclude ditch internal water accumulation in time, and arid season is irrigated in time；Fertilising
On a small quantity repeatedly typically to be advisable with annual 3 times, the 1st inferior to 2.5-3kg/ mu of 7 Yue Chushi composite fertilizers, the 2nd inferior to July by the end of June
4-5kg/ mus of bottom application composite fertilizer, the 3rd applies composite fertilizer 9-10kg/ mus inferior to mid-August.Seedling stage will prevent damping-off, stem rot etc.
Occur, can be prevented and treated with 300-400 times of liquid of 300-400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate.Enter in the ranks during height of seedling 8-10cm
Seedling, to ensure rational seedling art density, the other transplant of seedling of removal.Produce 20,000 plants/acre of seedling amount.
The defect of this technology is：
1) toon popularization and afforestation needs substantial amounts of breeding nursery stock, and domestic toon not yet sets up breeding breeding garden at present,
And the seed that toon seeding and seedling raising is used on the market is substantially the seed arbitrarily gathered, seed collecting elite stand is not selected,
The seed of collection is very different, and the nursery stock quality cultivated is not ensured.
2) small part grows prominent, tree-like good select tree in toon natural resources, and seed amount is very limited, and sowing is educated
The nursery stock quantity that seedling is cultivated is limited, it is impossible to meet the demand of a large amount of breeding nursery stocks of needs in production.
3) the toon seedling root that seeding and seedling raising is cultivated is based on main root, and lateral root is less, and the surrival rate of afforestation is low.
Toon cuttage raise seedling technique：
Enriched from the development of tree body middle and upper part, no disease and pests harm gives birth to coppice shoot then, in the morning clip, by the semi-lignified cut
Spray spreads frescade and notes moisturizing.Cutting is cut into 6cm or so length, and cutting two ends are cut into flat nick.It is required that keeping notch
Position is neat and tangent plane is small.The cutting sheared is bundled into bundle and is totally immersed into 700 times of carbendazols after sterilization 10min, and semi-lignified is tender
Branch is with clip with cuttage, and the timely high 1.7-1.9m shade nets of built shelter from heat or light cooling after cuttage, and shade net can be spread after the 100d that shelters from heat or light.
In moisturizing of watering in time after inserting, insert and all poured once permeable again with 700 times of carbendazols diseases preventions of sprinkling after a ridge again.It
Build high 40-60cm bow member in slotting machine with bamboo chip afterwards, moisturizing is covered with all-transparent agricultural plastic film, with soil by slotting machine four
All films are pressed and sealed.Note inspection in time, seedbed epiphragma has breakage if finding, to subsidize damaged portion with transparent adhesive tape in time close
Seal moisturizing.After cuttage in running check cutting bed situations such as humidity, if matrix is dried, it should select to open in the morning or during the dusk
Seedbed side film water spray, while spray (700 times of the carbendazim aqueous solution or carbendazol wettable powder liquid and flolimat breast
Oily 700 times of aqueous solution) diseases prevention insect prevention and seal mulch film in time, take root when nursery stock, foliation after, with reference to water spray progress foliage-spray
GGR6 liquid (600mg/l) and foliar fertilizer (change 0.3% urea and change 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution).120d takes off film after cuttage
(should be noted that during high temperature aeration-cooling), first opens arch membrane two ends when taking off film, allow after its gravity-flow ventilation 4-6d, then take off film.
Disadvantage of the technology is that：
Normal cutting propagation cuttings will have 2-3 bud, in the case where fine individual plant propagating materials is limited, compared to single-bud cuttage,
The utilization rate of cutting is low, and breeding coefficient is low, is unfavorable for quickly breeding substantial amounts of clone nursery stock.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defect of prior art there is provided a kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage, can be effective
Solve the problem of above-mentioned prior art is present.
In order to realize above goal of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows：
A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage, comprises the following steps：
1), the selection of fringe bar；In mid or late September, it is thick that 0.5-1.5cm is then given birth in selection toon fine individual plant trunk bottom
Semi-lignified and lignifying branch do fringe bar, or the branch for the cutting orchard culture set up with fine individual plant clone does fringe bar,
Branch bottom is inserted in water in time after cutting, fringe bar not dehydration is kept, the same day cuts same day cuttage；
2), the clip of cuttings；Select that axillary bud is full, blade-carrying stem section during trimming, exceed 6cm's for panel length
Branch, is trimmed according to each one bud of cuttings, and section upper and lower side is at away from axillary bud upper end 0.5-1.0cm, with leaf phase
To position be cut into angle, and retain 2 single leaves, be bundled into after shearing, 1/2 cuttings is immersed into sterilization in 800 times of carbendazols
Moisturizing 30min, is pulled out standby；
3), HORMONE TREATMENT；1/2 cuttings is immersed in root-inducing promoter, root-inducing promoter uses IBA, and concentration is 500ppm,
Soak time 1min；
4), the preparation of matrix and slotting machine；Matrix uses perlite, and vermiculite is according to volume ratio 1:3 are well mixed, and slotting machine is used
Drainage but do not leak the square cultivation box of matrix and contain the matrix for preparing, put on shale ground embark on journey it is standby；To completing matrix
Slotting machine, is rinsed well after spraying slotting machine, sealing sterilization 4-6h with 5 ‰ potassium permanganate with clear water.2m eminences are taken above slotting machine
If sunshade net；
5), cuttage and insert after manage；Cuttage is carried out in mid or late September, maximum temperature at 20-30 DEG C, will be soaked quite
The cutting of root agent carries out cuttage according to 10cm × 10cm seeding row spacing triangle disposition, to improve space availability ratio；Cuttage depth is
The 1/2-2/3 length of branch length, blade is towards identical and do not cover mutually；Root water is poured with carbendazim water after being plugged, is built
Middle high 80cm or so shed, covers film, surrounding compacting moisturizing；Cuttage keeps sunshade net to cover in 1 week, drops back within one week
Fall, noon sunshine is covered when too strong；Film two ends keep penetrating when temperature is higher than 30 DEG C；Watered holding skewer by sprayer
Matrix moistening is inserted,
6), managed after nursery stock transplanting and cultivation；After after the root system lignifying of cuttage root-taking seedling, the nursery stock of cutting survival is carried out
Transplant.Matrix uses vegetable garden soil：Peat is according to volume ratio 4:1 mixing, cuts length with cultivation, during transplanting and exceedes with rising during transplanting
5cm root system, be transplanted to nutritive cube or loose soil in, keep root system to unfold.2000mg/l carbendazim water is used after transplanting
Irrigate, sheltered from heat or light 1 week with 30% sunshade net after transplanting, water, weeding, topdress in time afterwards.
Preferably, the step 1) in by branch bottom insert water in depth be 10-15cm.
Preferably, the step 2) in cutting length be 6-12cm.
Preferably, the step 4) slotting machine wide 1-1.2m, high more than 20cm slotting machine are done in field, lower berth 10cm's
Coarse sand drainage, the matrix that upper berth is prepared, matrix depth 20cm.
Preferably, step 5) described in look into after management need 7-10 days select fine day afternoon with atomizers spray once
Carbendazim or thiophanate methyl sterilization.
Preferably, the step 6) in nutritive cube or loose native minimum diameter 20cm, high 25cm.
Compared with prior art the advantage of the invention is that：The cuttage of rich root is promoted to educate using simple bud, the immersion of IBA root-growing agents
Seedling-growing method, 1-2 times faster than common cottage method of breeding coefficient, cuttage survival rate is up to more than 90%, the clone seedling bred
Wooden more than 10cm lateral root number can quickly breed the rich root strong sprout of toon clone of high-quality, meet life up to more than 30
The demand to breeding strong sprout is produced, the surrival rate of afforestation is improved.
Embodiment
For the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, by the following examples, the present invention is done into
One step is described in detail.
A kind of rich root method for culturing seedlings of toon rapid cuttage, comprises the following steps：
1), the selection of fringe bar；In mid or late September, it is thick that 0.5-1.5cm is then given birth in selection toon fine individual plant trunk bottom
Semi-lignified and lignifying branch do fringe bar, or the branch for the cutting orchard culture set up with fine individual plant clone does fringe bar,
Branch bottom 10-15cm is inserted in water in time after cutting, fringe bar not dehydration is kept, the same day cuts same day cuttage.
2), the clip of cuttings；Selection axillary bud is full during trimming, blade-carrying stem section of trying one's best, and exceedes for panel length
6cm branch, is trimmed, cutting length 6-12cm, section upper and lower side is on away from axillary bud according to each one bud of cuttings
Hold at 0.5-1.0cm, the position relative with leaf is cut into angle, and retains 2 single leaves, is bundled into after shearing, 1/2 cuttings is immersed
Moisturizing 30min is sterilized in 800 times of carbendazols, is pulled out standby.
3), HORMONE TREATMENT；1/2 cuttings is immersed in root-inducing promoter, root-inducing promoter uses IBA, and concentration is 500ppm,
Soak time 1min.
4), the preparation of matrix and slotting machine；Matrix uses perlite, and vermiculite is according to volume ratio 1:3 are well mixed, and mixing is equal
Even, slotting machine is using drainage but does not leak the square cultivation box of matrix and contains the matrix for preparing, put on shale ground embark on journey it is standby.Or
Person does wide 1-1.2m, high more than 20cm slotting machine in field, and lower berth 10cm coarse sand drainage, the matrix that upper berth is prepared, matrix is deep
20cm.Slotting machine to completing matrix, is rinsed well after spraying slotting machine, sealing sterilization 4-6h with 5 ‰ potassium permanganate with clear water.
2m eminences set up sunshade net above slotting machine.
5), cuttage and insert after manage；Cuttage can be carried out during 20-30 DEG C of mid or late September maximum temperature；Quite root will be soaked
The cutting of agent carries out cuttage according to 10cm × 10cm seeding row spacing triangle disposition, to improve space availability ratio；Cuttage depth is branch
The 1/2-2/3 length of bar length, blade is towards identical and do not cover mutually；Root water is poured with carbendazim water after being plugged, in building
Between high 80cm or so shed, cover film, surrounding compacting moisturizing；Cuttage keeps sunshade net to cover in 1 week, is removed after one week,
Noon sunshine is covered when too strong；Film two ends keep penetrating when temperature is higher than 30 DEG C；Watered holding cuttage by sprayer
Matrix is moistened, and sterilized in the afternoon of 7-10 days selection fine days with carbendazim of atomizers spray or thiophanate methyl.
6), managed after nursery stock transplanting and cultivation；After 2 months next years, i.e. cuttage 5 months, the root system lignifying of cuttage root-taking seedling is treated
Afterwards, the nursery stock of cutting survival is transplanted.Matrix uses vegetable garden soil：Peat is according to volume ratio 4:1 mixing, during transplanting with rise with
Plant, the root system that length exceedes 5cm is cut during transplanting, minimum diameter 20cm, high 25cm nutritive cube or loose soil is transplanted to
In, keep root system to unfold.Irrigated, sheltered from heat or light 1 week with 30% sunshade net after transplanting with 2000mg/l carbendazim water after transplanting, it
Water, weeding, topdress in time afterwards, more than 5-6 month heights of seedling 50cm, more than end of the year height of seedling 1m are used equally for afforestation.
Cuttage survival rate is up to more than 90%, and after cuttage 5 months, more than 5cm lateral root number transplants training more than 13
After supporting 3 months, more than the clone nursery stock 10cm of culture lateral root number is more than 30, height of seedling >=50cm, ground diameter >=0.8cm.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：
1) according to the low shortcoming of normal cutting propagation proliferative speed, using the longer characteristic of toon branch internode itself, using list
The method of bud cuttage and seedling culture, cuttage of breaking the normal procedure is intended to remain with the way of 2-3 bud, can make full use of each bud
Come, the utilization rate of branch is improved than normal cutting propagation, cultivate 2-3 times faster than normal cutting propagation method of the speed of clone nursery stock, can be with
Faster meet the demand of a large amount of breeding nursery stocks of toon artificial afforestration needs.
2) for conventional crop field seedling root is few, the defect that the surrival rate of afforestation is low, utilize first in cuttage by hormone
The method of processing, rich root method for culturing seedlings of breaking the normal procedure needs to spray the method for root-inducing promoter several times during nursery, reduces and promotees
Root process, reduces cost, promotes the generation of lateral root, while the cuttage survival rate is reached more than 90%, transplants every seedlings
Preceding more than 5cm lateral root number transplants the nursery stock after culture 3 months more than 13, more than 10cm lateral root number 30 with
On, more than 3 times are higher by than I grade of crop field nursery stock (>=8) lateral root, the rich root strong sprout of the toon cultivated can improve afforestation and survive
Rate, and promote the growth in nursery stock later stage.
3) it cannot be ensured for tree seedling quality, the situation of nursery stock inferior quality, by using the method for cuttage and seedling culture
The clone nursery stock of toon fine individual plant is bred, the merit of toon maternal plant in itself can be kept, can be in no breeding
In the case of breeding garden, to be widely applied the breeding strong sprout that afforestation provides uniform quality.
One of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that embodiment described here is to aid in reader and understands this hair
Bright implementation, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such especially statement and embodiment.Ability
The those of ordinary skill in domain can be made according to these technical inspirations disclosed by the invention it is various do not depart from essence of the invention its
Its various specific deformations and combination, these deformations and combination are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1), the selection of fringe bar；In mid or late September, half thick wood of 0.5-1.5cm is given birth in selection toon fine individual plant trunk bottom then
Matter and lignifying branch do fringe bar, or the branch for the cutting orchard culture set up with fine individual plant clone does fringe bar, cuts
Branch bottom is inserted in water in time afterwards, fringe bar not dehydration is kept, the same day cuts same day cuttage；
2), the clip of cuttings；Select that axillary bud is full, blade-carrying stem section during trimming, 6cm branch is exceeded for panel length
Bar, is trimmed according to each one bud of cuttings, and section upper and lower side is relative with leaf at away from axillary bud upper end 0.5-1.0cm
Position be cut into angle, and retain 2 single leaves, be bundled into after shearing, 1/2 cuttings is immersed into sterilization guarantor in 800 times of carbendazols
Wet 30min, is pulled out standby；
3), HORMONE TREATMENT；1/2 cuttings is immersed in root-inducing promoter, root-inducing promoter uses IBA, and concentration is 500ppm, immersion
Time 1min；
4), the preparation of matrix and slotting machine；Matrix uses perlite, and vermiculite is according to volume ratio 1:3 are well mixed, and slotting machine uses drainage
But the square cultivation box for not leaking matrix contains the matrix for preparing, put on shale ground embark on journey it is standby；Slotting machine to completing matrix,
Rinsed well after spraying slotting machine, sealing sterilization 4-6h with 5 ‰ potassium permanganate with clear water；2m eminences set up sunshade above slotting machine
Net；
5), cuttage and insert after manage；Cuttage is carried out in mid or late September, maximum temperature at 20-30 DEG C, will soak root-growing agent
Cutting according to 10cm × 10cm seeding row spacing triangle disposition carry out cuttage, to improve space availability ratio；Cuttage depth is branch
The 1/2-2/3 length of length, blade is towards identical and do not cover mutually；Root water is poured with carbendazim water after being plugged, centre is built
High 80cm or so shed, covers film, surrounding compacting moisturizing；Cuttage keeps sunshade net to cover in 1 week, is removed after one week, in
Noon sunshine is covered when too strong；Film two ends keep penetrating when temperature is higher than 30 DEG C；Watered by sprayer and keep cuttage base
Matter is moistened；
6), managed after nursery stock transplanting and cultivation；After after the root system lignifying of cuttage root-taking seedling, the nursery stock of cutting survival is moved
Plant；Matrix uses vegetable garden soil：Peat is according to volume ratio 4:1 mixing, length is cut with cultivation, during transplanting more than 5cm during transplanting with
Root system, be transplanted to nutritive cube or loose soil in, keep root system to unfold；Poured after transplanting with 2000mg/l carbendazim water
Thoroughly, sheltered from heat or light 1 week with 30% sunshade net after transplanting, water, weeding, topdress in time afterwards.
2. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in
The depth that branch bottom is inserted in water is 10-15cm.
3. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in
Cutting length is 6-12cm.
4. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step 4)
Slotting machine does wide 1-1.2m, high more than 20cm slotting machine, lower berth 10cm coarse sand drainage, the matrix that upper berth is prepared, matrix in field
Deep 20cm.
5. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step 5) described in
Management needs sterilized with carbendazim of atomizers spray or thiophanate methyl the afternoon of 7-10 days selection fine days after looking into.
6. the rich root method for culturing seedlings of a kind of toon rapid cuttage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The step 6) in
Nutritive cube or loose native minimum diameter 20cm, high 25cm.
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| CN109362370A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-22 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method for rooting of red toona hard branch cuttings and application thereof |
| CN110537451A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-06 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Cutting Propagation Method of Toon tooniae Cutting Branches Cultivated by Building an Ear Picking Garden |
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| CN108076950A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 陕西省西安植物园 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of evergreen mucuna stem |
| CN108076950B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-04-28 | 陕西省西安植物园 | Cutting seedling method of Mucuna sempervirens |
| CN109362370A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-22 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method for rooting of red toona hard branch cuttings and application thereof |
| CN110537451A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-06 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Cutting Propagation Method of Toon tooniae Cutting Branches Cultivated by Building an Ear Picking Garden |
| CN110537451B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2022-02-08 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Cutting propagation method for toona sinensis by building cutting orchard to culture cutting branches |
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Application publication date: 20171020 |