CN111758529A - Cuttage seedling raising method for taxus chinensis in greenhouse container and medium - Google Patents
Cuttage seedling raising method for taxus chinensis in greenhouse container and medium Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cuttage seedling raising method for taxus chinensis in greenhouse containers, which comprises seedbed preparation, cuttage and management after cuttage. The invention also discloses a medium for cuttage seedling raising of the sequoia intermedia in the greenhouse container, which comprises the following components: 76-84% of grass carbon, 7-9% of perlite, 5-7% of carbonized rice chaff, 3-5% of vermiculite and 1-3% of controlled release fertilizer. The high-bed cultivation mode is combined with the adjustment of the components of the matrix, the control of the temperature and the humidity during the seedling cultivation period is guaranteed, the matrix consisting of the turf, the perlite, the carbonized rice chaff, the vermiculite and the controlled release fertilizer is combined, the survival rate can be greatly improved, the cuttage seedlings in the same year can be sold with effect in the same year and are completely sold before the plum rain season in the second year, the production of the cuttage seedling of the taxus chinensis in the glass greenhouse is not influenced, the transformation upgrading from the conventional seedling cultivation mode of the forestry seedlings to the high-quality development is realized, and the high-efficiency development mode of the forest seedling industry, namely 'short, flat and fast' is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a matrix for cultivating seedlings of sequoia intermedia, in particular to a method and a matrix for cultivating seedlings of sequoia intermedia through cuttage in a greenhouse container, and belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation.
Background
At present, the sequoia intermedia is listed as a first choice tree species for coastal afforestation, is planted all over the country, and has very considerable market prospect. In the prior art, most seedlings of the sequoia intermedia are grown by combining an open-air sunshade net steel frame facility and a common plastic film greenhouse facility on flat ground, conditions are relatively simple and crude, the cuttage survival rate is only about 20%, the commodity rate is only 50% -60%, the production benefit is poor, the expected target of stable production and efficiency improvement cannot be achieved, market order production cannot be effectively coped with, and the market risk is high. Meanwhile, the matrix soil used by most China fir cultivation manufacturers on the market at present is universal matrix soil, so that the cultivation requirements of China fir seedlings cannot be met, the defects of low cultivation survival rate, slow seedling growth and the like are caused, and the requirement of cultivating the China fir seedlings cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a method and a medium for raising seedlings of China fir by cutting in a greenhouse container, which can effectively improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a medium for cuttage seedling raising of sequoia intermedia in a greenhouse container, which comprises the following components: 76-84% of grass carbon, 7-9% of perlite, 5-7% of carbonized rice chaff, 3-5% of vermiculite and 1-3% of controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, the substrate for the cuttage seedling raising of the sequoia intermedia in the greenhouse container comprises the following components: 80% of grass carbon, 8% of perlite, 6% of carbonized rice chaff, 4% of vermiculite and 2% of controlled release fertilizer.
The invention also provides a cuttage seedling raising method for the taxus chinensis in the greenhouse container, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing seedbed
S1.1, setting up a seedbed in a greenhouse, wherein the distance between the seedbed and the ground is at least 90 CM;
s1.2, paving a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation cushion layer on the seedbed, wherein the height of the cushion layer is 4-6 CM;
s1.3, placing a single cloth nutrition soil pot in the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation cushion layer, wherein the substrate in the claim 1 or 2 is filled in the cloth nutrition soil pot;
s1.4, sterilizing and pest control treatment are carried out on the cloth nutrition soil bowl;
s2, cutting
And S3, managing after cuttage.
In the invention, the caliber of the cloth nutrition soil pot is 3.5-4.5 CM, and the height is 7.5-10 CM.
In the invention, the cutting process comprises the following steps:
s2.1 selecting branches: selecting annual semi-lignified robust branches of the Zhongshan fir in the middle to the last 7 months of the month, wherein the length of the branches is not less than 20cm, and timely moisturizing the selected branches;
s2.2, cutting the cutting slips: cutting the branches into 6-8cm cutting sections with sterilized scissors, cutting the upper cut at 0.5-1.0cm above the nodes, cutting the lower cut at a flat position below the nodes;
s2.3 rooting agent treatment: immersing the scion section which is cut to have the length of 2-3cm of the base part of the cutting shoot into a rooting agent solution for 18-20 min;
s2.4 cutting: inserting the treated cutting slips into a matrix in a cloth nutrient soil bowl, wherein the cutting depth is 2-3cm, and after the cutting, properly compacting the matrix, and then watering and watering thoroughly.
In the invention, the management process after cuttage is as follows:
s3.1, frequently spraying the cutting shoots within 20 days after the cutting of the cutting shoots, so that the leaf surfaces of the cutting shoots always keep a layer of water film;
spraying when the water film on the leaf surface is evaporated for half within 20-35 days after the cutting of the cutting shoot;
spraying the branches before and after noon every day after 40 days of cutting;
s3.2, shading the branches after cutting the cutting slips and before rooting and sprouting, wherein the shading rate reaches 75-90%, and the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be below 35 ℃; gradually removing the sun shade after the roots and leaves of all the branches grow to more than 50%;
s3.3, performing pest control treatment;
s3.4, spraying a nutrient solution once every 6 to 8 days in the period from the formation of the cutting callus to the growth of the radicle; after the root systems of the cutting shoots are formed in large quantity and before transplanting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer, a rooting agent and a root strengthening agent alternately every 2-3 days; spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer once every 9 to 11 days;
s3.5 seedling hardening: and when the root systems of the cutting shoots all grow out and the height of the branches reaches 5-7cm, manually spraying water according to the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedbed substrate, starting entering a root system culturing stage, and waiting for sale or transplantation.
In the invention, the S3.3 is subjected to pest and disease prevention treatment by the following steps:
the 800 times liquid of carbendazim and the 600 times liquid of mancozeb are alternately used and sprayed once every 2 to 4 days to prevent coal diseases and the like;
spraying 600 times of liquid of copper abietate (20% of effective component) once every 7-8 days to prevent root rot, downy mildew, etc.;
spraying 200 times of mixed solution of imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin every 6-8 days to prevent aphid pests;
spraying 200 times of mixed solution of chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid every 6-8 days to prevent lepidoptera insect pests.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention creatively adopts a high bed cultivation mode, a cotton heat preservation and moisture preservation cushion layer is laid under the cloth nutrition soil pot, and the combination of the cotton heat preservation and moisture preservation cushion layer and the cloth nutrition soil pot can improve the control on the temperature and the humidity of the cloth nutrition soil pot, thereby ensuring that the branches after cuttage can root and grow at proper temperature and humidity all the time; meanwhile, the mode of adding the cotton heat-preservation and moisture-preservation cushion layer into the cloth nutrition soil pot has the characteristics of quick drainage, good ventilation, quick temperature rise of the nutrition medium and good controllability, and is beneficial to quick rooting of the cuttage seedlings of the sequoia intermedia and improvement of the survival rate of the cuttage seedlings; the matrix of the invention adopts turf as a medium material to cultivate the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, has mild fertility and obvious slow release effect, does not cause fertilizer damage, is particularly suitable for the early rooting of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, provides a basic long-acting organic fertilizer for the seedling, and can greatly improve the development quality and the survival rate of the seedling; the perlite can prevent the whole matrix from hardening and control the fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer degree; meanwhile, the branch needs to be disinfected and subjected to pest control before and after cuttage in the seedling raising process, which is one of the main factors influencing the survival rate of the seedling raising, perlite is adopted to prevent the matrix from hardening, and meanwhile, the perlite can be used as a carrier to absorb various insecticides and bactericides and part of fertility in time and dilute and control the fertility, so that the insecticidal and bactericidal time is greatly prolonged, and the seedling raising method is more suitable for survival and growth of the Chinese fir seedlings; the carbonized rice chaff is used as an organic potash fertilizer, on one hand, the fast development of branches and leaves of the Chinese fir seedlings can be ensured, the branches and the leaves are promoted to be thick and strong, on the other hand, the carbonized rice chaff can also increase the drainage performance of the matrix, and the temperature and the humidity of a cloth nutrition soil pot can be controlled more conveniently; in addition, the carbonized rice chaff is matched with perlite to realize absorption, dilution and slow control of various insecticides and bactericides to a certain extent; the vermiculite can improve the structure of the matrix, store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the air permeability and the water-bearing property of the matrix, keep the stability of the temperature of roots and promote the growth of the plant roots of the seedling of the taxus chinensis and the stable development of the seedling; and can provide water and mineral elements necessary for plant growth for a long time, which is convenient for the growth of the seedling of the taxus chinensis; according to the invention, the release of nutrients is controlled by the coating technology of the controlled release fertilizer, so that the decomposition and release time of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the fertilizer is cooperated with turf, perlite, carbonized rice chaff and vermiculite, so that the substrate is used to better meet the requirements of rooting and growth of branches after cuttage, the utilization rate of the fertilizer nutrients is improved, the effective period of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the phenomenon of fertilizer injury is prevented, and meanwhile, the substrate fertilizer nutrients are prevented from being too quickly lost to influence the growth of the subsequent seedling of the taxus chinensis after seedling growth; compared with the prior art that cuttage is directly carried out in a nutrient medium pool, and after the cuttage seedlings survive, the cuttage seedlings are transplanted to a plastic pot for cultivation and sale, under the condition that the cuttage time is the same, the seedlings in the small containers of the taxus chinensis grow luxuriantly in stem and leaf, the color is dark green, the root hair is developed, the stress resistance is strong compared with the seedlings in the small containers of the taxus chinensis produced by other methods in the market, after the seedlings are transplanted and fixed in a nursery, the survival rate is high, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. Each plant is subjected to cuttage by adopting a single cloth nutrition pot, and is directly sold or transplanted after seedling formation, so that the method has the advantages of convenience in operation, management and sale, high survival rate of seedling transplantation and the like, and the cloth nutrition pot can be quickly degraded by soil after transplantation, so that the pollution of a plastic pot to the environment is avoided; the invention adopts a high-bed cultivation mode, combines the adjustment of the components of the matrix, combines the control of the temperature and the humidity during the seedling cultivation period, combines the matrix consisting of the turf, the perlite, the carbonized rice chaff, the vermiculite and the controlled-release fertilizer, can greatly improve the survival rate, leads the cuttage seedlings in the current year to be capable of taking effect when being sold in the current year and be completely sold before the plum rain season in the second year, thereby not influencing the production of the cuttage seedling of the next stubble of the taxus chinensis in a glass greenhouse, realizing the transformation and upgrade from the conventional seedling cultivation mode of the forestry seedlings to the high-quality development, and achieving the high-efficient development mode of 'short, flat and fast' of the forest seedling industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a cuttage seedling raising method for a mountain cedar greenhouse container in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme related to the invention is explained in detail by using a cuttage seedling raising process of China fir greenhouse containers implemented in a Jiang gang farm organic farm steel frame glass greenhouse in east Tai City of Jiangsu province and combining with the attached drawings.
A modernized steel-frame glass greenhouse is built in the organic farm of Jiangtai Ganggang farms in east Taiwan of Jiangsu province, so that the modernized full-automatic operation is realized. The steel frame glass greenhouse occupies 2.4 mu of land, and is provided with an electric control sunshade net, an electric control top window, a high-power exhaust fan, a full-automatic atomization watering facility, an elevated seedbed and other modern seedling raising facilities. The greenhouse can realize the accurate control of indexes such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like, so that the cuttage branches of the taxus chinensis are always in a proper growing environment, and the survival rate can be effectively improved. Since the modern steel frame glass greenhouse is a common greenhouse in the prior art and is not the key point to be protected by the invention, the structure is not described in detail. As the skilled person in the art will know, the cultivation of the sequoia intermedia involved in the present invention can be carried out in other greenhouses as long as the requirements of the above technical parameters can be met, and the specific structure of the greenhouse is not limited.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the production flow of cutting seedling is as follows:
preparation before cuttage
1.1 seedbed preparation: setting up seedbed in the greenhouse, raising the seedbed 1m away from the ground, 2m long, 18m wide and 36m area2。
1.2 seedbed bedding: paving moisturizing black-core cotton as a moisturizing and heat-insulating cushion layer on the built seedbed, wherein the thickness of the cushion layer is about 5 cm; then, single non-woven fabric nutrition soil bowls are sequentially placed on the cushion layer, and the nutrition soil bowls are filled with the matrix. In this example, a non-woven fabric nutrition pot with a diameter of 4cm and a height of 8cm is used for cuttage, and the non-woven fabric is made of plant hemp fiber.
In this example, the substrate raw material proportioning scheme in the non-woven fabric nutrition pot is as follows: 80% of grass carbon, 8% of perlite, 6% of carbonized rice chaff, 4% of vermiculite and 2% of controlled release fertilizer.
1.3 Material preparation: monopotassium phosphate, copper abietate (active ingredient content is 20%), carbendazim, mancozeb, naphthylacetic acid, alcohol, imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, pioke brand Kangling water-soluble fertilizer (10% SL), Ohuang Dadi brand strong rooting root agent, pioke brand particles 'zinc' and pioke 'magnesium' water-soluble trace elements.
1.4 matrix preparation: before cutting, the cloth nutrition soil pot is watered thoroughly, and water is discharged from the lower surface of the moisture-preserving and heat-preserving cushion layer.
It should be noted that the interval between watering and cutting is not too long, so as to avoid the loss of substrate nutrition caused by the re-drying of the nutrition soil pot. Watering is usually carried out the day before cuttage.
1.5 bed surface disinfection, namely disinfection of the substrate and the non-woven fabric nutrition soil bowl is realized by pouring 800 times of carbendazim liquid thoroughly.
Second, cuttage
2.1 cuttage time: the cuttage time of the taxus chinensis selected in the implementation is summer cuttage, and is 6 months and 18 days in 2019, and is generally selected from 6 middle of the month to 7 beginning of the month.
2.2 cutting: selecting annual semi-lignified robust branches of the sequoia intermedia, particularly robust branches with light yellow white or yellow green base parts and length not less than 20 cm. In the branch selection process, the cut cuttings are taken to a shadow place in time to be spread, and water is frequently sprayed to preserve moisture.
Generally, cuttings collected on the same day are cut off on the same day, the cuttings are remained, and the cuttings are placed in a greenhouse for moisture preservation at night.
2.3 ear shearing: after the branches are dried in the shade, cutting the branches into cutting sections of 6-8cm by using disinfected scissors, wherein the upper cutting opening is 0.5-1.0cm above the knot, the cutting edge is cut flatly, and the lower cutting opening is obliquely cut below the knot; and then counting and bundling, wherein the base parts are neat every 50 bundles to form cutting slips.
In addition, in order to ensure the consistency of the growth characters of the seedlings in the future, the cutting shoots are graded in the cutting process, namely, the cutting shoots are graded according to different lignification degrees from different parts of the taxus chinensis.
2.4 rooting agent treatment: the naphthylacetic acid is firstly dissolved by alcohol and then dissolved in water according to 1500mg/L of the naphthylacetic acid.
2.5 cuttage: and quickly soaking the graded cutting slips into the solution (20min), then inserting branch sections with the length of 2-3cm at the base parts of the cutting slips into the matrix, and cutting 1 cutting slip in each non-woven fabric nutrition soil pot.
The cuttage of the taxus chinensis is carried out in the shade, in the morning or in the evening, so that the water loss of the cutting slips in the cuttage process is reduced as much as possible. When cutting, the middle part of the cutting ear is pinched by hand and inserted into the matrix, the cutting depth is 2-3cm, the matrix is properly compacted by two fingers after cutting, and finally, water is sprayed to thoroughly pour.
Third, management after cuttage
3.1 moisture and humidity management: the water management after cuttage of the sequoia intermedia is the key of survival of cuttage.
In the early stage of cutting (within 20 days), the cutting slips just leave the parent body and still have larger transpiration strength, and the high temperature promotes the water loss of the leaves to be accelerated, and frequent intermittent spraying is carried out in the period to ensure that the leaf surfaces of the cutting slips always keep a layer of water film;
spraying is properly reduced after the callus is formed (within 20-40 days), and spraying can be carried out when a water film on the leaf surface of the cutting is evaporated for half;
after the cutting shoots are rooted universally (after 40 days), spraying is carried out properly only before and after noon one day.
3.2 light and temperature management: after cutting, if the cutting is carried out on a sunny day, a sunshade net is closed, a skylight is opened, and an exhaust fan is opened to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 35 ℃, if the temperature is too high, the spraying cooling is carried out. In winter, the minimum temperature in the greenhouse is ensured not to be lower than 5 ℃.
After cuttage, before cutting shoot rooting and germination, basically shading, wherein the shading rate reaches 75% -90%; and after the roots of all the cuttings grow to more than 50% and the leaves are unfolded, gradually removing the sunshade net.
3.3 post-cuttage pest control
On the basis of sterilizing a seedbed (comprising a nutrition soil pot and a substrate) before cuttage, 800 times of carbendazim solution and 600 times of mancozeb solution are alternately used and sprayed once every 3 days; spraying 600 times of liquid of copper abietate (20% of effective component) once every 7-8 days.
The pest control treatment is carried out every 6 to 8 days. The insect pests are mainly harmed by aphids and lepidoptera larvae: the aphids are sprayed with 200 times of mixed liquor of imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin, and the lepidoptera larvae are sprayed with 200 times of mixed liquor of chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid. Every 6-8 days.
3.4 nutrient management: after the cutting callus is formed and young roots grow, spraying 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate solution once every 6-8 days. After the root system of the cutting shoot is formed in large quantity and before transplanting, 500 times of solution of Xiaguan Kangling water-soluble fertilizer (10% SL) and 500 times of solution of Oihuangdai strong rooting and root-strengthening agent are alternately used and sprayed once every 2-3 days. In addition, 500 times of mixed solution of the pioke ' zinc ' and magnesium ' microelement water-soluble fertilizers is sprayed once every 9-11 days.
3.5 seedling hardening: managing the cutting seedling bed of the cutting slips to about 60-70 days, wherein the root systems of the normal cutting slips grow out and are about 5-7cm, stopping spraying water by a spraying device in a greenhouse, manually spraying water according to the dry and wet conditions of the matrix on the seedling bed, starting entering a strong root hardening stage, and selling or transplanting at the end of the current year or in the next spring.
Example two
And step 1.2, adopting a non-woven fabric nutrition pot with the caliber of 4cm and the height of 10cm for cuttage.
In this example, the substrate raw material proportioning scheme in the non-woven fabric nutrition pot is as follows: 76% of grass carbon, 9% of perlite, 7% of carbonized rice chaff, 5% of vermiculite and 3% of controlled release fertilizer.
The other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
In this example, the substrate raw material proportioning scheme in the non-woven fabric nutrition pot is as follows: 84% of grass carbon, 7% of perlite, 5% of carbonized rice chaff, 3% of vermiculite and 1% of controlled release fertilizer.
The other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.
It should be noted that the steps listed in the examples of the present invention are only for illustrating the present technical solution more clearly, and it is not to be understood that the technical solution must be implemented sequentially according to the above steps, for example, the selection and preparation of the seedbed can be performed simultaneously, and for example, the management of pest and disease treatment and the management of nutrition after cuttage can be performed simultaneously.
Compared with the conventional asexual propagation technology of the sequoia intermedia, the technical scheme can improve the survival rate and analyze data.
(1) Environmental advantages: at present, most of the cutting seedlings of the sequoia intermedia in the prior art are planted in an open-air sunshade net steel pipe shed, the cutting survival rate is only about 20%, the commodity rate is only 50% -60%, the production benefit is poor, the expected target of stable production and efficiency improvement cannot be achieved, the market order production cannot be effectively coped with, and the market risk is large. The method carries out cuttage seedling raising of the taxus chinensis in the glass greenhouse container, has obvious advantages in the seedling growing environment, and is more controllable in temperature, humidity and illumination time. The method can effectively ensure that the lowest temperature in winter is not lower than 5 ℃ and the highest temperature in summer is not higher than 35 ℃, so that the temperature is always under the appropriate condition of the sequoia intermedia, the cuttage survival rate can reach more than 80%, the commodity rate can reach more than 90%, the production benefit can be effectively expected, the market large-scale order production can be coped with, the market risk can be controlled within a small range, and the purposes of high-quality development, stable production and efficiency improvement are achieved.
(2) High bed cultivation advantage: taxus chinensis (Taxodium 'Zhongshansha') is a plant of genus Taxus of family Taxaceae, and has been widely used for environmental greening of tidal flat wetland, Yangtze river hydro-fluctuation belt, watershed, ecological garden, urban green land and the like due to its ecological characteristics of beautiful crown, long green period, water resistance, salt resistance and the like. In view of the characteristics of the sequoia intermedia and the requirements on the growth environment, cutting seedlings of the sequoia intermedia on the market are cut on flat ground at present, generally, the cutting seedlings in the current year can reach the commodity standard for sale only by the 2 nd year, and the cutting and transplanting survival rate is lower because the temperature and the humidity are difficult to control. The method adopts high-bed cultivation, has the characteristics of quick drainage, quick temperature rise of nutrient medium, easy control of humidity and the like, is beneficial to quick rooting of the cuttage seedlings of the sequoia intermedia, can take effect when the cuttage seedlings are sold in the same year and completely sell the cuttage seedlings before the plum rain season in the second year, does not influence the production of the cuttage seedling of the next stubble of the sequoia intermedia in a glass greenhouse, realizes transformation and upgrading from a conventional seedling culture mode of the forestry seedlings to high-quality development, and achieves a high-efficiency development mode of 'short, flat and quick' of the forestry seedling industry. Meanwhile, the high bed cultivation can also greatly reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the sequoia intermedia.
(3) The advantages of the nutrient medium are as follows:
grass carbon: the peat is coal with the lowest coalification degree, mainly contains plant residues which are not completely decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances, and mainly provides a long-acting organic fertilizer for the seedlings of the taxus chinensis. The seedling of the sequoia intermedia is cultivated by adopting the turf as a medium material, the fertility is mild, the slow release effect is obvious, the fertilizer injury phenomenon cannot occur, the seedling cultivation method is particularly suitable for the survival of the seedling of the sequoia intermedia, a basic long-acting organic fertilizer is provided for the seedling, and the development quality and the survival rate of the seedling can be greatly improved.
Perlite: the pumice-shaped perlite is mainly used for regulating soil hardening, controlling fertilizer efficiency and fertility and serving as a diluent and a carrier of an insecticide and a bactericide. The perlite is added, so that the hardening phenomenon of the matrix can be effectively prevented, and the fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer degree can be controlled. In the seedling raising process, the branch needs to be disinfected and pest-removed before and after cuttage, which is one of the main factors influencing the survival rate of the seedling raising, and the perlite can be used as a carrier to absorb various insecticides and bactericides and partial fertility in time and dilute and control the insecticides and bactericides while preventing the matrix from hardening, so that the insecticidal and bactericidal time is greatly prolonged, and the seedling raising method is more suitable for survival and growth of the Chinese fir seedlings.
Carbonizing rice chaff: an organic potash fertilizer prepared by burning rice husk has the main functions of promoting the root system development of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, making the branches stout and strong and improving the drainage performance of soil. The carbonized rice chaff is used as an organic potash fertilizer, so that the rapid development of roots and thick branches of the seedlings of the taxus chinensis can be ensured on one hand, and the carbonized rice chaff can also increase the drainage performance of the matrix, thereby being more convenient for controlling the temperature and the humidity of the soil-spreading nutrition pot and improving the growth environment of the seedlings. In addition, the carbonized rice chaff can be cooperated with perlite to realize absorption dilution and slow control of various insecticides and bactericides and prolong the efficacy of the insecticides and bactericides.
Vermiculite: the soil conditioner can improve the structure of soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil, keep the stability of root temperature, promote the growth of the plant root system of the seedling of the taxus chinensis and the stable development of the seedling, provide water necessary for the growth of the plant for a long time and keep the stability of the root temperature. The addition of vermiculite and carbonized rice chaff complement each other and complement each other by adopting a high bed cultivation idea, and aims to ensure the rooting and growing environment of the Chinese fir cutting through the regulation and control of temperature and humidity.
Controlled release fertilizer: the raw material adopts a nitro-sulfur-based compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 15:5:25) produced by Australian chemical limited company in Hubei, and the release of nutrients is controlled by a coating technology, so that the decomposition and release time of the fertilizer is prolonged, the utilization rate of the fertilizer nutrients is improved, the effective period of the fertilizer is prolonged, the growth of seedlings of the taxus chinensis is promoted, and the fertilizer damage phenomenon is not easy to occur. The controlled release fertilizer is cooperated with the grass carbon, the perlite, the carbonized rice chaff and the vermiculite, the matrix is used for better meeting the requirements of rooting and growth after cutting of the cutting slips, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is improved, the effective period of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the phenomenon of fertilizer injury is prevented, and meanwhile, the situation that the nutrient loss of the matrix fertilizer is too fast and the growth of the subsequent sequoia zhongshanensis seedlings is influenced is prevented.
(4) Transplanting advantages: the method adopts a single non-woven fabric nutritive soil pot to cultivate the single-branch seedling of the taxus chinensis, does not cause any damage to the root system of the seedling in the transplanting process, and the prior flat cultivation must cause damage to the root system in the transplanting process. The non-woven fabric nutritive soil bowl can be automatically degraded by soil after being transplanted for about 3 months, the environment pollution is avoided, secondary damage can be caused to a root system when the plastic container in the prior art is cultivated, and the environmental pollution and the resource waste are caused.
In order to verify the feasibility of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the applicant selects a flat land in the same place and performs cuttage according to the existing seedling raising method. Under the condition of the same cuttage time, compared with the seedling culture of the Taxus chinensis on the flat ground, the seedling of the Taxus chinensis small container cultured by the invention has the advantages of vigorous growth of stems and leaves, dark green color, developed root hair and strong stress resistance, and after outplanting, transplanting and field planting, the survival rate is high and can reach more than 95%. See the following table for details:
| group of | Flat ground group | High bed set |
| Cutting time | 6 and 18 months in 2019 | 6 and 18 months in 2019 |
| Cutting site | Greenhouse flat ground | Greenhouse high bed |
| Number of cuttings | 1000 | 1000 |
| Substrate | Commercially available substrate | The substrate of the invention |
| Time of acceptance | 8 and 10 months in 2019 | 8 and 10 months in 2019 |
| Number of surviving plants | 216 | 963 |
| Survival rate of seedling | 21.6％ | 96.3％ |
| Number of commercial plants | 130 | 905 |
| Yield of finished products | 60.1％ | 93.9％ |
| Time of transplantation | ---- | 26/2/2020 |
| Site of transplantation | ---- | Dongtai, Jiangang farm organic farm No. 2 land parcel |
| Number of transplants | ----- | 500 |
| Number of transplanted surviving plants | ---- | 474 |
| Survival rate of transplanting | ---- | 94.8％ |
In the table: the market purchase substrate is produced by Fenghua agriculture and forestry integrated development company Limited in Taihu county of Anhui province, and the land group does not reach the transplanting standard at present.
Compared with the data in the table, the seedling survival rate and the yield of the cuttage seedling raising method of the mountain cedar greenhouse container are high, the land is set on the ground, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of Taxus chinensis by greenhouse container cutting, a method for making the substrate, and a method for implementing the method, and the above method is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the invention, several improvements and decorations can be made, and these improvements and decorations should be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. A substrate for cuttage seedling raising of Taxus chinensis in greenhouse containers is characterized by comprising the following components: 76-84% of grass carbon, 7-9% of perlite, 5-7% of carbonized rice chaff, 3-5% of vermiculite and 1-3% of controlled release fertilizer.
2. The medium for raising seedlings of China fir by greenhouse container cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized by consisting of the following components: 80% of grass carbon, 8% of perlite, 6% of carbonized rice chaff, 4% of vermiculite and 2% of controlled release fertilizer.
3. A cuttage seedling raising method for Taxus chinensis in greenhouse containers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing seedbed
S1.1, setting up a seedbed in a greenhouse, wherein the distance between the seedbed and the ground is at least 90 CM;
s1.2, paving a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation cushion layer on the seedbed, wherein the height of the cushion layer is 4-6 CM;
s1.3, placing a single cloth nutrition soil pot in the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation cushion layer, wherein the substrate in the claim 1 or 2 is filled in the cloth nutrition soil pot;
s1.4, sterilizing and pest control treatment are carried out on the cloth nutrition soil bowl;
s2, cutting
And S3, managing after cuttage.
4. The method for raising seedlings of Sequoia intermedia by cutting in greenhouse containers according to claim 3, characterized in that: the caliber of the cloth nutrition soil bowl is 3.5-4.5 CM, and the height is 7.5-10 CM.
5. The method for raising seedlings of Sequoia intermedia by cutting in greenhouse containers according to claim 3, wherein the cutting process is as follows:
s2.1 selecting branches: selecting annual semi-lignified robust branches of the Zhongshan fir in the middle to the last 7 months of the month, wherein the length of the branches is not less than 20cm, and timely moisturizing the selected branches;
s2.2, cutting the cutting slips: cutting the branches into 6-8cm cutting sections with sterilized scissors, cutting the upper cut at 0.5-1.0cm above the nodes, cutting the lower cut at a flat position below the nodes;
s2.3 rooting agent treatment: immersing the scion section which is cut to have the length of 2-3cm of the base part of the cutting shoot into a rooting agent solution for 18-20 min;
s2.4 cutting: inserting the treated cutting slips into a matrix in a cloth nutrient soil bowl, wherein the cutting depth is 2-3cm, and after the cutting, properly compacting the matrix, and then watering and watering thoroughly.
6. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting in greenhouse containers according to claim 3, wherein the management process after cutting is as follows:
s3.1, frequently spraying the cutting shoots within 20 days after the cutting of the cutting shoots, so that the leaf surfaces of the cutting shoots always keep a layer of water film;
spraying when the water film on the leaf surface is evaporated for half within 20-35 days after the cutting of the cutting shoot;
spraying the branches before and after noon every day after 40 days of cutting;
s3.2, shading the branches after cutting the cutting slips and before rooting and sprouting, wherein the shading rate reaches 75-90%, and the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be below 35 ℃; gradually removing the sun shade after the roots and leaves of all the branches grow to more than 50%;
s3.3, performing pest control treatment;
s3.4, spraying a nutrient solution once every 6 to 8 days in the period from the formation of the cutting callus to the growth of the radicle; after the root systems of the cutting shoots are formed in large quantity and before transplanting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer, a rooting agent and a root strengthening agent alternately every 2-3 days; spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer once every 9 to 11 days;
s3.5 seedling hardening: and when the root systems of the cutting shoots all grow out and the height of the branches reaches 5-7cm, manually spraying water according to the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedbed substrate, starting entering a root system culturing stage, and waiting for sale or transplantation.
7. The method for raising seedlings of Sequoia intermedia by cutting in greenhouse containers according to claim 6, wherein the S3.3 is subjected to a pest control treatment process comprising:
the 800 times liquid of carbendazim and the 600 times liquid of mancozeb are alternately used and sprayed once every 2 to 4 days to prevent the sooty mould;
spraying 600 times of liquid of copper rosinate (with the content of active ingredients being 20%) once every 7-8 days to prevent root rot and downy mildew;
spraying 200 times of mixed solution of imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin every 6-8 days to prevent aphid pests;
spraying 200 times of mixed solution of chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid every 6-8 days to prevent lepidoptera insect pests.
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| CN113678678A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of Zhongshan fir container seedling and field integrated cultivation method |
| CN114051847A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Cuttage technology optimization-based efficient cultivation method for container seedlings of sequoia intermedia |
| CN114190176A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-18 | 李玉晏 | Cuttage method for larch |
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| CN114051847A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Cuttage technology optimization-based efficient cultivation method for container seedlings of sequoia intermedia |
| CN114190176A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-18 | 李玉晏 | Cuttage method for larch |
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