CN109644708B - Method for cutting propagation by using twig of cornus walteri superior tree - Google Patents

Method for cutting propagation by using twig of cornus walteri superior tree Download PDF

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CN109644708B
CN109644708B CN201910143201.XA CN201910143201A CN109644708B CN 109644708 B CN109644708 B CN 109644708B CN 201910143201 A CN201910143201 A CN 201910143201A CN 109644708 B CN109644708 B CN 109644708B
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cutting
spraying
cuttage
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CN109644708A (en
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王开芳
刘翠兰
燕丽萍
王因花
任飞
李庆华
臧真荣
吴德军
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

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  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cutting and breeding by using twigs of cornus walteri, which is a breeding method for inducing the rooting of the cornus walteri cutting slips and improving the rooting rate of the cutting slips by using the middle upper twigs of the current-year semi-lignified twigs of the cornus walteri as the cutting slips, applying 3 solutions with different mass concentrations of hormones and 1 disinfectant to treat the cutting slips, preparing cutting facilities and a matrix, managing after cutting and cutting, and effectively solving the technical problem of low rooting rate of cutting and breeding by using the twigs of the cornus walteri, thereby realizing the purpose of quickly breeding excellent germplasm of the cornus walteri. By applying the method disclosed by the invention, a large number of high-quality cutting seedlings of the cornus walteri can be provided in a short time, the standard of large-scale seedling culture is achieved, and the domestic demand on high-quality seedlings of the cornus walteri can be met.

Description

Method for cutting propagation by using twig of cornus walteri superior tree
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling breeding, in particular to a method for cutting and breeding by using twigs of maolai superior trees.
Background
Cornus walteri Wanger is a Cornus (Cornaceae) Cornus deciduous tree, also known as Caryabean, oil tree and small six cereals, the height of the tree can reach 15m, and the Cornus walteri is an excellent landscaping tree species and can be used for greening forestation and water and soil conservation; the wood is hard and has dense texture, and can be used for furniture, carving, building, tools and the like; the tree species is one of the important woody oil tree species in China, the oil content of the fruits of the tree species is up to 41.3 percent, and the tree species can be eaten and used as biodiesel or lubricating oil and has better economic value and research value in the field of biological energy. The cornus walteri is wide in distribution range in China, distribution areas comprise yellow river basin, east China and southwest, the cornus walteri, the Shandong river basin, the Shanxi river basin, the Henan river basin and the Hebei are distributed most, the vertical distribution is generally 600-800 m in altitude, the geographical span of the cornus walteri is large, the landform of each distribution area is complex and changeable, the variation among groups is abundant, and abundant genetic materials are provided for breeding new quality of cornus walteri.
At present, the domestic research reports of the cornus walteri are mainly focused on the aspects of biological characteristics, seed propagation, cultivation, grafting, tissue culture and the like. The seedling propagation mode of the cornus walteri is mainly seed propagation, the seed propagation has the advantages of large propagation quantity, complete root system and robust growth, but the defects of large variation coefficient and difficulty in maintaining the excellent characteristics of the original variety, so that the cutting seedling raising is one of the main technical measures for rapid propagation in the utilization process of the excellent clones of the cornus walteri. Currently, some studies on the cutting of cornus walteri have been reported, Yuejie and the like (2011) have studied growth regulators, lengths of cutting slips, ages and positions of mother trees, cutting matrixes and the like in the cutting technology of cornus walteri, and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is 200 mg/kg-1The rooting rate is the highest and can reach 33 percent. The method comprises the following steps of (a patent number is 201610504145.4), collecting cuttings, cutting 7-9 cm branches from cornus walteri to serve as the cuttings, reserving 2-3 leaves on the branches, cutting off 1/3 area of the leaves, and enabling a matrix to be composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 3-5; 1-3; 2-4 of peat, mushroom dregs, mulberry branch powder and frog stone, spraying a chlorothalonil liquid medicine with the concentration of 0.4% on a substrate for disinfection, then filling the substrate into a seedling cup, and cutting the cutting slips for 20-25 days to ensure that the rooting rate reaches more than 95%. Scheliyan (2012) uses the cutting rooting study of hairy plant twig, and the best combination of the cutting of Cornus walteri twigs under the full-illumination spraying condition is as follows: selecting a cutting ear of 16cm in length, and using 100 mg.L-1NAA is soaked for 1h and is inserted into river sand, and the rooting rate reaches 26% after 55 d.
In domestic research reports on the cutting propagation of cornus walteri, the common literature that the cutting rooting is difficult and the rooting rate is low by using the twig of cornus walteri, and the systematic research is carried out by taking the middle upper part twig of the annual and semi-lignified twig of the cornus walteri as a cutting shoot is not reported. The patent about the method for cutting propagation by using the twig of cornus walteri is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for cutting propagation by using twigs of cornus walteri superior trees. The method is a breeding method which uses the middle upper tender branches of current-year and semi-lignified branches of cornus walteri as cutting slips, uses 3 plant growth regulators and 1 disinfectant to prepare solutions with different mass concentrations respectively to treat the cutting slips, has different treatment times, induces the cornus walteri to root and improves the rooting rate of the cutting slips.
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method by using twigs of cornus walteri superior trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting cutting slips; (2) preparing rooting hormone; (3) cutting treatment; (4) preparing a cuttage facility and a substrate; (5) cuttage and management after cuttage; (6) hardening and transplanting the rooted seedlings;
the method is characterized in that:
the method for selecting the cutting slips in the step (1) comprises the following steps: selecting a robust and disease and pest-free maolai superior tree in the time period from 5 late ten days to 6 mid ten days of each year, cutting the middle upper tender branches of the current-year semi-lignified branches as cutting slips, and trimming the branches to enable the average length of the branches to be 10-13 cm to obtain the cutting slips; wherein the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: 2 leaves are reserved at the 1 st section of the upper end of the branch, 1/2 leaves are reserved in each leaf, the upper end of the branch is horizontally cut at a position 0.8-1 cm away from the upper side of the 1 st section, and the lower end of the branch is obliquely cut at an angle of 30-45 degrees;
the method for preparing the rooting hormone in the step (2) comprises the following steps: preparing solution of alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) into rooting hormone; wherein the rooting hormone solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in a ratio of 1:2, and the mixture is prepared to have a concentration of 100-200 mg.L-1The solution of (1); the component of the rooting hormone solution is indolebutyric acid (IBA) which is prepared into a concentration of 800-1000 mg.L-1The solution of (4) for use;
the method for processing the cutting shoots in the step (3) comprises the following steps: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 2-3 cm by using the rooting hormone solution prepared in the step (2), and treating for 0.5-1 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 2-3 cm by using a rooting hormone solution, and treating for 10-30 s; finally, treating the base part of the cutting with an aqueous solution of 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate for 2-3 cm for 5-10 min for later use;
the cuttage facility and the matrix preparation method in the step (4) are as follows: the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility, and a shading net needs to be erected at a position 0.5-1 m away from the top of the plastic greenhouse for shading; the matrix is prepared into a mixed matrix according to the formula of 10-15% of perlite, 20-25% of vermiculite and 60-70% of coconut husk by weight percentage; and (3) filling the prepared mixed matrix into a seedling container tray, wherein the diameter of a hole is 5cm, and the height of the hole is 8cm for later use.
The method for cuttage and management after cuttage in the step (5) comprises the following steps: 1-2 d before cuttage, leaching the substrate thoroughly with a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 300-400 times of dilution for disinfection, spraying the substrate to be wet before cuttage, keeping the water content of the substrate at 50-60%, controlling the cuttage depth at 2-3 cm, and after the cuttage is finished, controlling the temperature and the humidity through an intermittent automatic spraying system, wherein the temperature is 35-38 ℃ and the humidity is 70-80%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be erected for shading, and the shading rate is 60-70%; within 7 days of cuttage, spraying and intermittent time are set according to the changes of illumination intensity and air temperature, generally spraying is carried out for 15-20 s/time in the morning and afternoon of a fine day, and the time is intermittent for 8 min; spraying at noon for 20 s/time, and intermitting for 5 min; spraying for 10-15 s/time in cloudy days, and intermitting for 15-20 min; the intermittent time at night is 30-60 min; after 15-20 d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is prolonged compared with the earlier stage; after the cuttage is finished, spraying a carbendazim solution diluted by 800-1000 times for sterilizing the cuttings, and then spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 3-4 times; rooting occurs 50-60 days after the cutting; after new tips grow out, spraying 1000 mg.L every 10-15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1Performing foliage dressing on the monopotassium phosphate mixed solution, and continuously spraying for 1-1.5 months;
the method for hardening and transplanting the rooted seedlings in the step (6) comprises the following steps: transplanting the rooted seedlings obtained in the step (5) into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse with shading degree of 60-70%, ventilating at regular time, keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ and the humidity at 60-65%, hardening for 15-20 d, transplanting the rooted seedlings with a matrix into pots filled with seedling culture loam, placing the pots under a shading net with shading degree of 60-70%, watering regularly to keep the loam in the pots moist, keeping the survival rate of the transplanted rooted seedlings to be more than 95%, culturing for 20-25 d, and transplanting to a field; or directly transplanting to the field in 3 rd of the second year; wherein the components of the seedling-growing loam in volume ratio are as follows: sandy loam, turfy soil and pearlite in a ratio of 5-6:2-3: 2-3.
In the method for cutting propagation by using twigs of maolai superior trees, the method for selecting the cutting slips in the step (1) is preferably as follows: selecting 5 late-month-year days of each year, selecting the middle upper part of the current annual and semi-lignified branches of the maolai superior trees as cuttings, and pruning the branches to have the average length of 10 cm; the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: and horizontally shearing the upper end of the branch 1cm above the section 1, and obliquely shearing the lower end of the branch at 45 degrees.
In the method for cutting propagation by using twigs of maolai superior trees, the method for preparing the rooting hormone in the step (2) is preferably as follows: concentration of rooting hormone solution is 100 mg.L-1(ii) a The concentration of the rooting hormone solution is 1000 mg.L-1。
In the method for cutting propagation by using twigs of maolai superior trees, the method for processing the cuttings in the step (3) is preferably as follows: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using the rooting hormone solution prepared in the step (2), and treating for 0.5 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using a rooting hormone solution for 10 s; and finally, treating the base part of the cutting with an aqueous solution of 0.1 percent potassium permanganate for 2cm for 5 min.
In the method for cutting propagation by using twigs of maolai superior trees, the preferable method for preparing the cutting facility and the substrate in the step (4) is as follows: the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility, and a shading net is erected at a position 0.5m away from the top of the plastic greenhouse for shading. The matrix is prepared from 10% of perlite, 20% of vermiculite and 70% of coconut husk by weight.
In the method for cutting propagation by using the twigs of maolai superior trees, the preferable method for cutting and post-cutting management in the step (5) is as follows: 2d before cuttage, leaching the substrate with a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 400 times of dilution for disinfection, spraying the substrate before cuttage, keeping the water content of the substrate at 50% and the cuttage depth of 3cm, and controlling the temperature through an intermittent automatic spraying system after cuttageHumidity, the temperature is 35 ℃, and the humidity is 70%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be built for shading, and the shading rate is 70%; in 7 days of cuttage, spraying and intermittence time are set according to the changes of illumination intensity and air temperature, and spraying is carried out for 15 s/time in the morning and afternoon of a sunny day, and the intermittence is 8 min; spraying at noon for 20 s/time, and intermitting for 5 min; spraying for 10 s/time in cloudy day, and intermittence for 20 min; the intermittence time at night is 60 min; after 20d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is longer than that in the early stage; after the cutting is finished, spraying 1000 times diluted carbendazim solution to sterilize the cutting shoot, and then spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 3 times; rooting occurs 50 days after the cutting; after new growth, spraying 1000 mg.L every 15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1And (4) carrying out foliage dressing by using the monopotassium phosphate mixed solution, and continuously spraying for 1.5 months. The rooting rate of cuttage reaches 92.7%, and the seedlings in the current year are 30cm high.
In the method for cutting propagation by using the twig of cornus walteri, the method for hardening off and transplanting the rooted seedlings in the step (6) is preferably as follows: transferring the rooted seedlings obtained in the step (5) into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse with the shading degree of 60%, ventilating at regular time, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and the humidity at 60%, hardening the seedlings for 15d, transplanting the rooted seedlings with the matrix into pots filled with seedling culture loam, placing the pots under a shading net with the shading degree of 60%, watering regularly to keep the loam in the pots moist, ensuring the survival rate of the transplanted rooted seedlings to be more than 95%, continuing culturing for 25d, and transplanting the rooted seedlings to a field; or directly transplanting to the field in 3 months of the next year. Wherein the components of the seedling-growing loam in volume ratio are as follows: sandy loam, turfy soil and pearlite (6: 2: 2).
The invention relates to a breeding method for inducing rooting of cornus walteri cutting slips and improving the rooting rate of the cutting slips by using middle and upper twigs of current-year and semi-lignified branches of cornus walteri as cutting slips, respectively preparing 3 plant growth regulators and 1 disinfectant into solutions with different mass concentrations to treat the cutting slips, wherein the treatment time is different, the operation is convenient and rapid, the twig cutting slip resources are sufficient, the problem that the current-year and semi-lignified twigs of the cornus walteri are difficult to root is solved, the rooting rate reaches 92.7%, and the technical support is provided for large-scale cutting seedling of excellent quality of the cornus walteri in the future.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the cutting selection process, selecting a robust and disease and pest-free maolai superior tree in the time period from 5 to 6 ten days in the middle of each year, cutting the middle upper tender branches of the current-year semi-lignified branches as cutting, and trimming the branches to enable the average length of the branches to be 10-13 cm to obtain the cutting; wherein the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: 2 leaves are reserved at the 1 st section of the upper end of the branch, 1/2 leaves are reserved in each leaf, the upper end of the branch is horizontally cut at a position 0.8-1 cm away from the upper side of the 1 st section, and the lower end of the branch is obliquely cut at an angle of 30-45 degrees; in the process of preparing rooting hormone and processing the cutting, 3 solutions with different mass concentrations of plant hormone and 1 disinfectant are applied to process the scions, and the maolai cutting is induced to root; in the process of preparing the cuttage facility and the substrate, the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility; the preparation of the matrix selects a mixed matrix, and the formula comprises 10 percent of perlite, 20 percent of vermiculite and 70 percent of coconut husk; the prepared mixed matrix is filled into a seedling container tray, and the diameter of a hole is 5cm, and the height of the hole is 8 cm. 1-2 d before cuttage, leaching the substrate thoroughly with a potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, wherein the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 300-400 times diluted; in the process of cuttage and management after cuttage, the cuttage depth is 2-3 cm, after cuttage is finished, the temperature and the humidity are controlled through an intermittent automatic spraying system, the temperature is 35-38 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be erected for shading, and the shading rate is 60-70%. Within 7 days of cuttage, the spraying and intermittent time are set according to the change of the illumination intensity and the temperature; after 15-20 d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is slightly longer than that in the early stage; spraying 800-1000 times diluted carbendazim solution for sterilizing cuttings, and spraying for 3-4 times each week for 1 time; rooting is generally carried out 50-60 days after the cutting. After new tips grow out, spraying 1000 mg.L every 10-15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1And (3) carrying out foliage dressing on the monopotassium phosphate mixed solution, and continuously spraying for 1-1.5 months to promote the cutting to reach a high rooting rate.
The method for cutting propagation of cornus walteri superior trees by using the twigs effectively solves the technical problems that the current-year and semi-lignified twigs of the cornus walteri superior trees are difficult to root and low in rooting rate, the rooting rate reaches 92.7%, and the purpose of rapid propagation of good quality of the cornus walteri is achieved.
The middle-upper tender branches of the current-year semi-lignified branches of the cornus walteri are used as cutting slips, the sources of the cutting slips are sufficient, the excellent mother tree resources of the cornus walteri can be fully utilized, the excellent characteristics of the original variety are maintained, and the technical requirements of large-scale cutting seedling are met. By applying the method, a large number of high-quality cornus walteri cutting seedlings can be obtained in a short time, the standard of large-scale seedling culture is quickly achieved, the domestic demand on the high-quality cornus walteri seedlings can be met, and the application prospect is wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a picture of a cornus walteri cuttage facility.
Fig. 2 is a picture of a cornus walteri cutting seedling.
Fig. 3 is a picture of rooting of cornus walteri cutting seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
General description: the materials and reagents used in the examples are all commercially available products.
Example 1 cutting propagation method by using twigs of cornus walteri superior trees
(1) Selecting cutting slips: selecting middle and upper tender branches of current-year and semi-lignified branches of maolai superior trees as cuttings in the middle ten days of 5 months every year, and pruning the branches to have the average length of 10 cm; the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: and horizontally shearing the upper end of the branch 1cm above the section 1, and obliquely shearing the lower end of the branch at 45 degrees.
(2) Preparing a rooting hormone: preparing solution of alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) into rooting hormone; wherein the rooting hormone solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alpha-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in a ratio of 1:2, at a concentration of 100 mg. L-1The solution of (1); formation of the rooting hormone solutionIs prepared from indolebutyric acid (IBA) with concentration of 1000 mg.L-1The solution of (4) is ready for use.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using the rooting hormone solution prepared in the step (2), and treating for 0.5 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using a rooting hormone solution for 10 s; and finally, treating the base part of the cutting with an aqueous solution of 0.1 percent potassium permanganate for 2cm for 5 min.
(4) Preparing a cuttage facility and a substrate: the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility, and a shading net is erected above the place 0.5m away from the top of the plastic greenhouse for shading. The matrix is prepared by the formula of 10 percent of perlite, 20 percent of vermiculite and 70 percent of coconut husk according to the mass percentage; the prepared mixed matrix is filled into a seedling container tray, and the diameter of a hole is 5cm, and the height of the hole is 8 cm.
(5) Cuttage and management after cuttage: 2d before cuttage, leaching the substrate thoroughly by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 400 times of dilution for disinfection, spraying the substrate to be wet before cuttage, keeping the water content of the substrate at 50% and the cuttage depth at 3cm, and after the cuttage is finished, controlling the temperature and the humidity by using an intermittent automatic spraying system, wherein the temperature is 35 ℃ and the humidity is 70%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be built for shading, and the shading rate is 70%; in 7 days of cuttage, spraying and intermittence time are set according to the changes of illumination intensity and air temperature, and spraying is carried out for 15 s/time in the morning and afternoon of a sunny day, and the intermittence is 8 min; spraying at noon for 20 s/time, and intermitting for 5 min; spraying for 10 s/time in cloudy day, and intermittence for 20 min; the intermittence time at night is 60 min; after 20d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is longer than that in the early stage; after the cutting is finished, spraying 1000 times diluted carbendazim solution to sterilize the cutting shoot, and then spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 3 times; rooting occurs 50 days after the cutting; after new growth, spraying 1000 mg.L every 15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1And (4) carrying out foliage dressing by using the monopotassium phosphate mixed solution, and continuously spraying for 1.5 months. The rooting rate of cuttage reaches 92.7%, and the seedlings in the current year are 30cm high.
(6) Hardening and transplanting the rooted seedlings: transferring the rooted seedlings obtained in the step (5) into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse with the shading degree of 60%, ventilating at regular time, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and the humidity at 60%, hardening the seedlings for 15d, transplanting the rooted seedlings with the matrix into pots filled with seedling culture loam, placing the pots under a shading net with the shading degree of 60%, watering regularly to keep the loam in the pots moist, ensuring the survival rate of the transplanted rooted seedlings to be more than 95%, continuing culturing for 25d, and transplanting the rooted seedlings to a field; or directly transplanting to the field in 3 months of the next year. Wherein the components of the seedling-growing loam in volume ratio are as follows: sandy loam, turfy soil and pearlite (6: 2: 2).
Embodiment 2 method for cutting propagation by using twigs of cornus walteri superior trees
Selecting cutting slips: selecting healthy and healthy maolai superior trees without diseases and insect pests in the middle ten days of each year 6 months, cutting the middle upper tender branches of the current-year semi-lignified branches as cutting slips, and trimming the branches to ensure that the average length of the branches is 13cm to obtain the cutting slips; wherein the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: 2 leaves are reserved at the 1 st section of the upper end of the branch, 1/2 leaves are reserved in each leaf, the upper end of the branch is horizontally cut at a position 0.8cm away from the upper part of the 1 st section, and the lower end of the branch is obliquely cut at an angle of 35 degrees;
preparing a rooting hormone: preparing solution of alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) into rooting hormone; wherein the rooting hormone solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alpha-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in a ratio of 1:2, at a concentration of 200 mg.L-1The solution of (1); the component of the rooting hormone solution is indolebutyric acid (IBA) which is prepared into the concentration of 800 mg.L-1The solution of (4) for use;
and (3) cutting treatment: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 3cm by using the rooting hormone solution prepared in the step (2), and treating for 1 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 3cm by using a rooting hormone solution for 30 s; finally, treating the base part of the cutting by using a water solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent of potassium permanganate for 3cm for 10min for later use;
preparing a cuttage facility and a substrate: the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility, and a shading net needs to be erected at a position 1m away from the top of the plastic greenhouse for shading; the matrix is prepared by the formula of 15 percent of perlite, 25 percent of vermiculite and 60 percent of coconut husk according to the mass percentage; and (3) filling the prepared mixed matrix into a seedling container tray, wherein the diameter of a hole is 5cm, and the height of the hole is 8cm for later use.
Cuttage and management after cuttage: 1d before cuttage, leaching the substrate thoroughly with a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 300 times of dilution for disinfection, spraying the substrate wet before cuttage, keeping the water content of the substrate at 60%, and controlling the temperature and the humidity through an intermittent automatic spraying system after the cuttage is finished, wherein the temperature is 38 ℃ and the humidity is 80%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be built for shading, and the shading rate is 70%; within 7 days of cuttage, spraying and intermittence time are set according to the changes of illumination intensity and air temperature, and the spraying is usually carried out for 15 s/time in the morning and afternoon of a fine day, and the intermittence is 8 min; spraying at noon for 20 s/time, and intermitting for 5 min; spraying for 15 s/time in cloudy day, and intermittence for 20 min; the intermittence time at night is 60 min; after 20d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is longer than that in the early stage; after the cuttage is finished, spraying 800 times diluted carbendazim solution to sterilize the cuttings, and then spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 4 times; rooting occurs 60 days after the cutting; after new growth, spraying 1000 mg.L every 15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1The potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution is used for foliage dressing, and is continuously sprayed for 1.5 months;
hardening and transplanting the rooted seedlings: transplanting the rooted seedlings obtained in the step (5) into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse with 70% of shading degree, ventilating at regular time, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ and the humidity at 65%, hardening seedlings for 20d, transplanting the rooted seedlings into pots filled with seedling culture loam with the matrix, placing the pots under a shading net with 70% of shading degree, watering regularly to keep the loam in the pots moist, enabling the survival rate of the transplanted rooted seedlings to reach more than 95%, continuing culturing for 25d, and transplanting to a field; or directly transplanting to the field in 3 rd of the second year; wherein the components of the seedling-growing loam in volume ratio are as follows: sandy loam, turfy soil and pearlite (5: 3: 3).

Claims (2)

1. A method for cutting propagation by using twigs of cornus walteri superior trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the cutting selection method comprises the following steps: selecting a robust and disease and pest-free maolai superior tree in the time period from 5 late ten days to 6 mid ten days of each year, cutting the middle upper tender branches of the current-year semi-lignified branches as cutting slips, and trimming the branches to enable the average length of the branches to be 10-13 cm to obtain the cutting slips; wherein the method for pruning the branches comprises the following steps: 2 leaves are reserved at the 1 st section of the upper end of the branch, 1/2 leaves are reserved in each leaf, the upper end of the branch is horizontally cut at a position 0.8-1 cm away from the upper side of the 1 st section, and the lower end of the branch is obliquely cut at an angle of 30-45 degrees;
(2) preparing rooting hormone and processing cutting shoots;
(3) cuttage facilities and matrix preparation, the method comprises the following steps: the cuttage facility selects a conventional plastic greenhouse facility, and a shading net needs to be erected at a position 0.5-1 m away from the top of the plastic greenhouse for shading; the matrix is prepared into a mixed matrix according to the formula of 10-15% of perlite, 20-25% of vermiculite and 60-70% of coconut husk by weight percentage; filling the prepared mixed matrix into a seedling container tray, wherein the diameter of a hole is 5cm, and the height of the hole is 8cm for later use;
(4) the method for cuttage and management after cuttage comprises the following steps: 1-2 d before cuttage, leaching the substrate thoroughly with a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 300-400 times of dilution for disinfection, spraying the substrate to be wet before cuttage, keeping the water content of the substrate at 50-60%, controlling the cuttage depth at 2-3 cm, and after the cuttage is finished, controlling the temperature and the humidity through an intermittent automatic spraying system, wherein the temperature is 35-38 ℃ and the humidity is 70-80%; when the temperature is too high, the greenhouse is appropriately ventilated in time and a shading net needs to be erected for shading, and the shading rate is 60-70%; within 7 days of cuttage, spraying and intermittence time are set according to changes of illumination intensity and air temperature, spraying is carried out for 15-20 s/time in the morning and afternoon of a sunny day, and intermittence is carried out for 8 min; spraying at noon for 20 s/time, and intermitting for 5 min; spraying for 10-15 s/time in cloudy days, and intermitting for 15-20 min; the intermittent time at night is 30-60 min; after 15-20 d of cuttage, spraying for 20 s/time, wherein the intermittent time is prolonged compared with the earlier stage; after the cuttage is finished, spraying a carbendazim solution diluted by 800-1000 times for sterilizing the cuttings, and then spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 3-4 times; rooting occurs 50-60 days after the cutting; after new tips grow out, spraying 1000 mg.L every 10-15 days-1Urea and 1000 mg. L-1Performing foliage dressing on the monopotassium phosphate mixed solution, and continuously spraying for 1-1.5 months;
(5) the method for hardening and transplanting the rooted seedlings comprises the following steps: transplanting the rooted seedlings obtained in the step (5) into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse with shading degree of 60-70%, ventilating at regular time, keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ and the humidity at 60-65%, hardening for 15-20 d, transplanting the rooted seedlings with a matrix into pots filled with seedling culture loam, placing the pots under a shading net with shading degree of 60-70%, watering regularly to keep the loam in the pots moist, keeping the survival rate of the transplanted rooted seedlings to be more than 95%, culturing for 20-25 d, and transplanting to a field; or directly transplanting to the field in 3 rd of the second year; wherein the components of the seedling-growing loam in volume ratio are as follows: sandy loam, turfy soil and perlite =5-6:2-3: 2-3;
the method is characterized in that:
the method for preparing the rooting hormone in the step (2) comprises the following steps: preparing a rooting hormone solution and a rooting hormone solution by using hormones alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA); wherein the rooting hormone solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) =1:2, and the mixture is prepared to have the concentration of 100-200 mg.L-1The solution of (1); the component of the rooting hormone solution is indolebutyric acid (IBA) which is prepared into a concentration of 800-1000 mg.L-1The solution of (4) for use; the method for processing the cutting slips comprises the following steps: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 2-3 cm by using the prepared rooting hormone solution, wherein the treatment time is 0.5-1 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 2-3 cm by using a rooting hormone solution, and treating for 10-30 s; and finally, treating the base part of the cutting shoot for 2-3 cm by using an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2% of potassium permanganate, wherein the treatment time is 5-10 min.
2. The method for cutting propagation by using young branches of maolai superior trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the rooting hormone solution in the step (2) is 100 mg.L-1(ii) a The concentration of the rooting hormone solution is 1000 mg.L-1(ii) a The method for processing the cutting slips comprises the following steps: soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using the prepared rooting hormone solution, wherein the treatment time is 0.5 h; quickly dipping the base part of the cutting shoot for 2cm by using a rooting hormone solution for 10 s; and finally, treating the base part of the cutting with an aqueous solution of 0.1 percent potassium permanganate for 2cm for 5 min.
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