CN105493906A - Orange seedling grafting method - Google Patents
Orange seedling grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105493906A CN105493906A CN201511012874.XA CN201511012874A CN105493906A CN 105493906 A CN105493906 A CN 105493906A CN 201511012874 A CN201511012874 A CN 201511012874A CN 105493906 A CN105493906 A CN 105493906A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- stock
- bud
- exocarpium citri
- citri rubrum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention relates to an orange seedling grafting method, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting. The method includes the first step of selecting and cultivating the stock species, the second step of cultivating grafted seedlings, the third step of adopting the stock and grafting core technology, the fourth step of managing the grafted seedlings, the fifth step of managing fertilizer and water at the seedling stage and the sixth step of putting the seedlings for sell. By means of the method, grafting can be conducted in any season, and labor expenses are effectively saved by 50% or more; the yield of orange seedlings grafted through the technology is increased by 20-30% compared with that of traditional grafted orange seedlings, the economic benefits are remarkable, and a quite good promotion and demonstration application effect is achieved for planting oranges on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, be specifically related to a kind of simple bud and cut standby side grafting cuttage stock grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, belong to plant graft technical field.
Background technology
Exocarpium Citri Rubrum can be used for the diseases such as treatment cough due to wind-cold evil, larynx itch that phlegm is many, dyspepsia is got sick from drinking too much wine and the jailbird that vomits is vexed, and its medical value is high, and medication history is of a specified duration; " medicineization justice " is recorded--Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, pungently can walk crosswise dissipating bind, " herbal classic is met former " records the many phlegm of the special main lung cold cough of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, deficient side multiplex it, gas of so coughing for a long time is let out, and non-institute is suitable again, and " medical center bun will " describes Exocarpium Citri Rubrum and specially enter lung, holds concurrently to deliver, white in peeling, lighter void floats, and also removes the evil ear of lung.Modern study analysis shows, Exocarpium Citri Rubrum contains various active material, mainly comprises flavonoids, volatile oil, coumarin kind compound and polysaccharide etc.Because the active component of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum is high, medical value is large, have an optimistic view of, and its plantation is the important ring concerning economic benefit to its exploitation development prospect, therefore, is extremely necessary the plantation research of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum.
Because Exocarpium Citri Rubrum does not have seed, grafting is adopted to be the necessary condition of breeding.Grafting is related to the quality of fruit, to the adaptive capacity of environment, is the key point of plantation.Traditional grafting method has bending pruning, simple bud connects.Wherein bending pruning is the branch of the positive texturing Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand bloomed of choosing stalwartness, peel in branch base portion ring-type, add the fertilizer ring bag place of cutting with fertile soil to tighten, treat that ring is cut director Xin Gen and transplanted breeding again, this method fruit tree that only the suitable age of tree is larger, and the female fruit tree of bending pruning can be damaged, growth sizing broken by large wind more slowly, easily; It is select the young shoot of fruit tree to carry out grafting that simple bud connects, but the selection of traditional grafting method to stock does not have specified in more detail, causes variation large, can not keep the merit of maternal plant, and it is few to produce fruit, and the problem such as survival rate is poor.The people such as Xu Xuerong (2013, " tropical crop journal ") carry out the research of Huajuhong stem apex gemmule graft technology, with shaddock, lemon, Hongjing Orange etc. make stock, Huajuhong does scion, have studied HORMONE TREATMENT stock, scion sterilizing and culture medium prescription, the factors such as stock seedling age are on the impact of Huajuhong Shoot-tip Grafting survival rate, this research have employed gemmule graft technology, utilize different scion sterilizing and hormone treatment method to reduce pollution rate, although survival rate has had certain raising, but owing to there is HORMONE TREATMENT in grafting procedures, be difficult to the premium properties keeping maternal plant, produce fruit rate can not be guaranteed, there is certain defect.
For solving prior art Problems existing, the present invention from selecting stock, bud grafting, standby side grafting three links carry out science, the grafting of system, the merit of maternal plant can be kept, plant shoot survival percent significantly to improve, and through the experimental applications of 8 years, prove provided by the invention can grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method in office what carry out grafting season, can effectively save labour cost more than 50%, and increase by 20%-30% through the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree of this technical graft than traditional grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree, remarkable in economical benefits, effectively can advance the development of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum plant husbandry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method is provided, the method can carry out grafting in any season, effective saving labour cost more than 50%, and increase by 20%-30% through the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree of this technical graft than traditional grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree, remarkable in economical benefits, effectively can advance the development of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum plant husbandry.
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of stock variety and cultivation:
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that stock selects the full seed inside ripe shatian pomelo to bring out is grown saplings;
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
Reach the normal mature phase at shaddock fruit 9 ~ October to collect seed, fruit is cut open after fruit picking, taking-up seed is cleaned, spread the cool place place ventilated, dry in the air to seed coat turns white, add 1 ~ 5 ﹪ superphosphate leachate seed soaking 12 ~ 36 hours with 1 ~ 10 ﹪ ammonium sulfate, and then within 5 ~ 15 minutes, carry out seed disinfection with 0.1 ~ 0.5 ﹪ permanganic acid solution immersion, taking-up clear water rinses 1 ~ 2 time, dries in the shade; If i.e. use, by 1 part of seed and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings in indoor cool lee side, cover moisturizing with plastic foil or gunnysack above, periphery plastic film or dry gunnysack compress, in case mouse evil, and running check, do not allow fine sand overdrying or excessively wet; If do not sowed immediately, hide with river sand;
C. the sowing of rootstock seedling and management:
Production adopts the winter, sow in spring and plant, sowing line-spacing is 20 ~ 25 centimetres; Select illumination sufficient before sowing, physical features is smooth, the plot, garden of fertile soil, soil pH value is 5.0 ~ 6.0, first ground is flattened compacting, and sowing is wanted evenly, broadcast rear upper cover one deck fine earth, lose seed to be advisable, then cover one deck straw vacuate, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 pieces of blades, just topdress with 0.2 ﹪ urea+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride liquid, 7 ~ 10 days once, and note loosening the soil in time, hoes up weeds and prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
(2) cultivation of grafting:
Connect the Acquire and process of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: gather kind pure, anosis, high yield high-quality, healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand, for connecing Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, adopts the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown, has the wooden eye of branch of fruit harvest full, grows the branch enriched; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects cut cuts off blade in time, only stays petiole; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back is that 1 bundle hangs up label by 100 ~ 120, indicates variety name, and collecting location, the date, then puts into bag film and preserves, Fan Xiaqiu grafting should with connecing, it is fresh that to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability survival rate high;
Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has the area of yellow twig, and branch connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 ~ 2 hour with quadracycline 800 ~ 1200 times of immersion bubbles before grafting, and just grafting after clear water cleans twice, has the effect of prevention yellow twig; The producing region that canker is serious is dried for subsequent use with the streptomycin leaching that 50 ~ 100 grams connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud proportioning 500 ~ 800 milliliters after 40 ~ 80 minutes;
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A., before grafting, the branch of less than 10 centimetres, stock trunk is pruned; When meeting sky drought, before grafting 1 ~ 2 day water of will drenching, allows stock fully absorb water, is beneficial to cut anvil; Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone cutter, plastic film tape, film strip length and width 1 ~ 1.2 centimetre, long 22 ~ 25 centimetres; Grafting period is that temperature is stabilized in grafting in 20 ~ 29 DEG C, and wherein Exocarpium Citri Rubrum grafting is best to late October in September;
B. simple bud cuts grafting
Cut and connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect; When cutting bud, left hand holds grafting knife by connecing the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand, meet Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bastem portion outwards smooth one to face down, be close to left index finger, abandon the not full bud of base portion 1 ~ 2, from full bud, 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre of cutter of splaying forward below eye, becomes miter angle inclined-plane, then overturns the widest one side of branch upwards, cutter under 0.2 ~ 0.4 centimeters below eye, cortex of pruning forward; Finally will connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side to turn, upwards, above eye, 0.15 ~ 0.25 centimeters directly cuts a cutter to bud point, is cut disconnected; In clear water basin, moisturizing is for subsequent use, and the time be immersed in water of buddering can not more than 2 hours;
Cut and bore wood, when stock is dry slightly reach 0.8 ~ 1 centimetre time, can grafting be carried out; Overhead cut off at 5 ~ 10 centimetres of smooth places of selection at stock, then at a level and smooth cutter of simultaneously splaying, bevel is 30 ~ miter angle; Cutting section low side grafting knife along the vertical partial application downwards of cortex and xylem's intersection, bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, and tangent plane length is depending on length of buddering, generally slightly shorter than bud;
Put and budder, select with stock face in the same size, suitable the buddering of length, put into the cortex that stock cuts; Make bud and stock form layer to align, when causing with stock tangent plane is not of uniform size if budder, then must to form side buddering with stock and aim at and be close to, the long bevel of buddering put into slightly reveals a little wound, and be called for short a line white, base portion of simultaneously buddering will insert at the bottom of stock otch to be close to;
Binding film, budder put appropriate after, use belt length 25 ~ 30 centimetres immediately, the plastic film tape binding of wide 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres, during wrapping, left hand takes 1 ∕ 4(long end of film strip), first use the thumb of two hands and forefinger that plastic film is enclosed to bastem portion around 1 ~ 2, then upwards cover with short one end and budder, expose eye, with one end, long limit winding number circle smoothly, finally beat slip-knot;
C. simple bud side grafting method
Simple bud cut grafting work complete 15 ~ 20 days afterwards check survive situation, lose green if buddered and be yellowish-brown, film is removed, sprouting is connected on the side of stock trunk, the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, it is less than simple bud cutting face 3 ~ 5 millimeters that face is cut in grafting, ensures to budder and can absorb adequate nutrients; If take over a job once unsuccessful, can mend and connect 1 ~ 2 time, grafting time is long, cut budder with simple bud cut with, be whittled into logical head-germ, cut stock be stock overhead 5 ~ 10 centimeters select smooth one side, the solid stock of left index finger, thumb pushes down the knife back, and the degree of depth just arrives and forms layer, slightly show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and be advisable, bevel will be put down, smooth, phozy, the skin cut out is cut 1 ∕ 2 ~ 1 ∕ 3, then buddering of cutting is put into otch, make both relatively be close to by tangent plane, then tighten by film bundle, make it only expose eye;
(4) management of grafting:
A. seedling management:
A. check to survive and connect with benefit: checking in spring in next year of grafting in autumn survives situation, within 15 ~ 20 days after connecing of spring grafting, check and survive situation, what be about to sprout budders in green, lose green if finding budders and be yellowish-brown, film to be removed, carry out side grafting method benefit by same kind in time and budder;
B. cut anvil solution to tie up: long 25 ~ 30 centimetres of the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting, remove film strip, before tip sprouting in autumn can not be exceeded at the latest; After first time, young sprout was aging, with scraper from top to bottom or from bottom to top vertical standardized cutter make film strip all pine be disconnected, can not solution tying up then of grafting in late fall, first cuts off stock before treating Second Year green sprouting above grafting mouth, then scratch film strip, promote to budder sprouting;
C. except sprouting leaf: to the upper and lower normal bud of stock after grafting (also known as bud) take out send out sprout leaf, ream from base portion with pocket knife at any time, spring eliminated 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, to promote sprouting of buddering;
D. surely dry shaping: when seedling grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres, in 3 ~ 5 days, by grafting trunk cutting back, utilizes the branch formation tree crown taken out for the first time and send out, surely must do shaping when nursery;
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by too high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 ~ 15 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, after wanting the tip to extract out, only leave top uprightly stalwartness summer shoot, all the other are extractd, also extract in time if any bud, to reduce nutrient consumption, inspire sprouting;
B. seedling tree cuts top or shaping after growing tall: when the summer shoot after pinching grows to 20 ~ 23 centimetres, 6 ~ 8 days before the beginning of autumn put autumn growth, cut heights of roofs for overhead 30 ~ 40 centimetres, there is a small amount of fragmentary bud sprouted to erase after cutting top to impel for 1 ~ 2 time when sprouting to 1 centimetre in a large number, unifiedly put autumn growth, cut rear neighbouring 1 ~ 4 joint in top, often joint stays 1 young shoot of the same size, all the other are extractd, and the bud distribution of selecting and remain is wanted evenly, to make seedling grow up to the plant of multi-branched;
5) seedling stage rich water quality management:
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization;
(6) outplanting
Described stock select in grow saplings, best with the shatian pomelo sapling that Rong County, Guangxi is cultivated;
River sand in the cultivation of described rootstock seedling, agglomerating with what pinch with hand, loose one's grip and namely scatter for standard;
Breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand in preparation before described grafting, optimum with the pure lines fine individual plant through observing qualification for many years;
Described simple bud cuts the cortex step of pruning in grafting, requires that bevel is put down, phozy, is not with xylem, and just to forming layer, plane is yellow-white (not being with green grass or young crops);
Reasonable irrigation fertilization step in described seedling stage rich water quality management, thinly executed the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed based on 15 ~ 30 days, is aided with chemical fertilizer, wherein often should executes once thin liquid dung by two weeks 2 ~ August, or added 0.5 ﹪-1 ﹪ urea and drench and execute;
Described outplanting, the standard that nursery stock wood must reach is robust growth, and trunk is upright, limb is thick, and height of seedling 50 cm, has more than 3 branches be evenly distributed, leaf look dark green, kind is pure, and stock is excellent, and the healing of anvil Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud is good, seedling root is flourishing, fibrous root is many, is not with quarantine venereal disease worm, does not have the serious harm of disease worm.
The present invention relative to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
The invention provides a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, very big difference is had with the grafting current techique of other extensive uses, main beneficial effect has: the selection of (1) stock and soil property, preferably cultivate from the ripe seed of shatian pomelo that is produced from Rong County, Guangxi, soil property must mix farm organic fertilizer and river sand, after growing up to sapling by the fertigation of a whole set of science, special in Exocarpium Citri Rubrum Jia Jie Zhan wood; (2) the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud as grafting will select autumn growth, and from Exocarpium Citri Rubrum branch base portion the 3rd bud under plucking, cut choosing, standard is full without insect pest; (3) grafting sapling is cut after 15 ~ 20 days through simple bud, inspection survives situation, and mend the seedling Jin do not survived Hang Zhan wood belly and connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, benefit of the present invention can repeat benefit to connect, allow selected high-quality stock can make full use of it be worth, the survival rate of seedling is improved greatly; (4) seedling after grafting has a whole set of scientific system management method: comprise and check that benefit connects---cuts anvil solution to tie up and---determines---surely to do shaping---pinching cutting back---to cut top and stay bud, ensure that seedling is grown up strong and sturdy except sprouting to cut; (5) the present invention can ensure, in grafting seedling early growth process, to distribute attenuating limb in a large number, consolidate tree root at root.Because the characteristic of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum result, be the middle part result at branch, limb is more, and output is larger.And popular bending pruning breeds method, belong to single limb attenuating, yield poorly, and comparatively large by weather effect, easily blown disconnected by typhoon; (6) positive effect produced.Simple bud is adopted to cut standby side grafting technical graft seedling by the present invention, survival rate is more than 95%, the survival rate that seedling grafting only has 70%-80% is bred relative to present stage widely used bending pruning, seedling cost can be significantly reduced, for solid foundation is laid in increasing both production and income, remarkable in economical benefits, has implant mass Exocarpium Citri Rubrum and well promotes Demonstration Application effect.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of stock variety and cultivation:
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that stock selects the full seed inside ripe shatian pomelo to bring out is grown saplings;
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
Reach the normal mature phase at shaddock fruit September to collect seed, fruit is cut open after fruit picking, taking-up seed is cleaned, spread the cool place place ventilated, dry in the air to seed coat turns white, add 1 ﹪ superphosphate leachate with 1 ﹪ ammonium sulfate and soak seed 12 hours, and then soak with 0.1 ﹪ permanganic acid solution and carry out seed disinfection in 5 minutes, taking-up clear water rinses 1 time, dries in the shade; If i.e. use, by 1 part of seed and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings in indoor cool lee side, cover moisturizing with plastic foil or gunnysack above, periphery plastic film or dry gunnysack compress, in case mouse evil, and running check, do not allow fine sand overdrying or excessively wet; If do not sowed immediately, hide with river sand;
C. the sowing of rootstock seedling and management:
Production adopts the winter, sow in spring and plant, sowing line-spacing is 20 centimetres; Select illumination sufficient before sowing, physical features is smooth, the plot, garden of fertile soil, soil pH value is 5.0, first ground is flattened compacting, and sowing is wanted evenly, broadcast rear upper cover one deck fine earth, lose seed to be advisable, then cover one deck straw vacuate, when seedling grows 3 pieces of blades, just topdress with 0.2 ﹪ urea+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride liquid, 7 days once, and note loosening the soil in time, hoes up weeds and prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
(2) cultivation of grafting:
Connect the Acquire and process of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: gather kind pure, anosis, high yield high-quality, healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand, for connecing Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, adopts the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown, has the wooden eye of branch of fruit harvest full, grows the branch enriched; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects cut cuts off blade in time, only stays petiole; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back is that 1 bundle hangs up label by 100, indicates variety name, and collecting location, the date, then puts into bag film and preserves, Fan Xiaqiu grafting should with connecing, it is fresh that to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability survival rate high;
Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has the area of yellow twig, and branch connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 hour with quadracycline 800 times of immersion bubbles before grafting, and just grafting after clear water cleans twice, has the effect of prevention yellow twig; The serious producing region of canker is dried for subsequent use after soaking 40 minutes with the streptomycin that 50 grams connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud proportioning 500 milliliters;
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A., before grafting, the branch of less than 10 centimetres, stock trunk is pruned; When meeting sky drought, grafting first 1 day water of will drenching, allows stock fully absorb water, is beneficial to cut anvil; Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone cutter, plastic film tape, film strip length and width 1 centimetre, long 22 centimetres; Grafting period is that temperature is stabilized in grafting in 20 DEG C, and wherein Exocarpium Citri Rubrum grafting is in late September;
B. simple bud cuts grafting
Cut and connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect; When cutting bud, left hand holds grafting knife by connecing the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand, meet Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bastem portion outwards smooth one to face down, be close to left index finger, abandon the not full bud of base portion 1, from full bud, 1 centimetre of cutter of splaying forward below eye, becomes miter angle inclined-plane, then overturns the widest one side of branch upwards, cutter under 0.2 centimeters below eye, cortex of pruning forward; Finally will connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side to turn, upwards, above eye, 0.15 centimeters directly cuts a cutter to bud point, is cut disconnected; In clear water basin, moisturizing is for subsequent use, and the time be immersed in water of buddering can not more than 2 hours;
Cut and bore wood, when stock is dry slightly reach 0.8 centimetre time, can grafting be carried out; Overhead cut off at 5 centimetres of smooth places of selection at stock, then at a level and smooth cutter of simultaneously splaying, bevel is 30 degree of angles; Cutting section low side grafting knife along the vertical partial application downwards of cortex and xylem's intersection, bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, and tangent plane length is depending on length of buddering, generally slightly shorter than bud;
Put and budder, select with stock face in the same size, suitable the buddering of length, put into the cortex that stock cuts; Make bud and stock form layer to align, when causing with stock tangent plane is not of uniform size if budder, then must to form side buddering with stock and aim at and be close to, the long bevel of buddering put into slightly reveals a little wound, and be called for short a line white, base portion of simultaneously buddering will insert at the bottom of stock otch to be close to;
Binding film, budder put appropriate after, use belt length 25 centimetres immediately, the plastic film tape binding of wide 1.5 centimetres, during wrapping, left hand takes 1 ∕ 4(long end of film strip), first with the thumb of two hands and forefinger plastic film around 1 circle to bastem portion, then upwards cover with short one end and budder, expose eye, with one end, long limit winding number circle smoothly, finally beat slip-knot;
C. simple bud side grafting method
Simple bud cut grafting work complete 15 days afterwards check survive situation, lose green if buddered and be yellowish-brown, film is removed, sprouting is connected on the side of stock trunk, the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, it is less than simple bud cutting face 3 millimeters that face is cut in grafting, ensures to budder and can absorb adequate nutrients; If take over a job once unsuccessful, can mend and connect 1 time, grafting time is long, cut budder with simple bud cut with, be whittled into logical head-germ, cut stock be stock overhead 5 centimeters select smooth one side, the solid stock of left index finger, thumb pushes down the knife back, and the degree of depth just arrives and forms layer, slightly show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and be advisable, bevel will be put down, smooth, phozy, the skin cut out is cut 1 ∕ 2, then buddering of cutting is put into otch, make both relatively be close to by tangent plane, then tighten by film bundle, make it only expose eye;
(4) management of grafting:
A. seedling management:
A. check to survive and connect with benefit: checking in spring in next year of grafting in autumn survives situation, within 15 days after connecing of spring grafting, check and survive situation, what be about to sprout budders in green, lose green if finding budders and be yellowish-brown, film to be removed, carry out side grafting method benefit by same kind in time and budder;
B. cut anvil solution to tie up: long 25 centimetres of the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting, remove film strip, before tip sprouting in autumn can not be exceeded at the latest; After first time, young sprout was aging, with scraper from top to bottom or from bottom to top vertical standardized cutter make film strip all pine be disconnected, can not solution tying up then of grafting in late fall, first cuts off stock before treating Second Year green sprouting above grafting mouth, then scratch film strip, promote to budder sprouting;
C. except sprouting leaf: to the upper and lower normal bud of stock after grafting (also known as bud) take out send out sprout leaf, ream from base portion with pocket knife at any time, spring eliminated 1 time every 7 days, to promote sprouting of buddering;
D. surely dry shaping: when seedling grows to 20 centimetres, in 3 days, by grafting trunk cutting back, utilizes the branch formation tree crown taken out for the first time and send out, surely must do shaping when nursery;
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by too high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, after wanting the tip to extract out, only leave top uprightly stalwartness summer shoot, all the other are extractd, also extract in time if any bud, to reduce nutrient consumption, inspire sprouting;
B. seedling tree cuts top or shaping after growing tall: when the summer shoot after pinching grows to 20 centimetres, autumn growth was put to first 6 days of the beginning of autumn, cut heights of roofs for overhead 30 centimetres, there is a small amount of fragmentary bud sprouted to erase after cutting top to impel for 1 time when sprouting to 1 centimetre in a large number, unifiedly put autumn growth, cut rear neighbouring 1 ~ 4 joint in top, often joint stays 1 young shoot of the same size, all the other are extractd, and the bud distribution of selecting and remain is wanted evenly, to make seedling grow up to the plant of multi-branched;
(5) seedling stage rich water quality management:
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization;
(6) outplanting
To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. a grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of stock variety and cultivation
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that stock selects the full seed inside ripe shatian pomelo to bring out is grown saplings;
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
Reach the normal mature phase at shaddock fruit 9 ~ October to collect seed, fruit is cut open after fruit picking, taking-up seed is cleaned, spread the cool place place ventilated, dry in the air to seed coat turns white, add 1 ~ 5 ﹪ superphosphate leachate seed soaking 12 ~ 36 hours with 1 ~ 10 ﹪ ammonium sulfate, and then within 5 ~ 15 minutes, carry out seed disinfection with 0.1 ~ 0.5 ﹪ permanganic acid solution immersion, taking-up clear water rinses 1 ~ 2 time, dries in the shade, for subsequent use;
C. the sowing of rootstock seedling and management:
Production adopts the winter, sow in spring and plant, sowing line-spacing is 20 ~ 25 centimetres; Select illumination sufficient before sowing, physical features is smooth, the plot, garden of fertile soil, soil pH value is 5.0 ~ 6.0, first ground is flattened compacting, sowing is wanted evenly, to broadcast rear upper cover one deck fine earth, cover one deck straw again, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 pieces of blades, just topdress with 0.2 ﹪ urea+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride liquid, 7 ~ 10 days once, and note loosening the soil in time, hoe up weeds and prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
(2) cultivation of grafting
Connect the Acquire and process of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: gather kind pure, anosis, high yield high-quality, healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand, for connecing Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, adopts the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown, has the wooden eye of branch of fruit harvest full, grows the branch enriched; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects cut cuts off blade in time, only stays petiole; The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back is that 1 bundle hangs up label by 100 ~ 120, indicates variety name, and collecting location, the date, then puts into bag film and preserves, the grafting of autumn in summer with connecing, it is fresh that to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability survival rate high;
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A., before grafting, the branch of less than 10 centimetres, stock trunk is pruned; When meeting sky drought, before grafting 1 ~ 2 day water of will drenching, allows stock fully absorb water, is beneficial to cut anvil; Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone cutter, plastic film tape, film strip length and width 1 ~ 1.2 centimetre, long 22 ~ 25 centimetres; Grafting period is that temperature is stabilized in 20 ~ 29 DEG C of graftings;
B. simple bud cuts grafting
Cut and connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect; When cutting bud, left hand holds grafting knife by connecing the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand, meet Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bastem portion outwards smooth one to face down, be close to left index finger, abandon the not full bud of base portion 1 ~ 2, from full bud, 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre of cutter of splaying forward below eye, becomes miter angle inclined-plane, then overturns the widest one side of branch upwards, cutter under 0.2 ~ 0.4 centimeters below eye, cortex of pruning forward; Finally will connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side to turn, upwards, above eye, 0.15 ~ 0.25 centimeters directly cuts a cutter to bud point, is cut disconnected; In clear water basin, moisturizing is for subsequent use, and the time be immersed in water of buddering can not more than 2 hours;
Cut and bore wood, when stock is dry slightly reach 0.8 ~ 1 centimetre time, can grafting be carried out; Overhead cut off at 5 ~ 10 centimetres of smooth places of selection at stock, then at a level and smooth cutter of simultaneously splaying, bevel is 30 ~ miter angle; Cutting section low side grafting knife along the vertical partial application downwards of cortex and xylem's intersection, bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, and tangent plane length is depending on length of buddering, generally slightly shorter than bud;
Put and budder, select with stock face in the same size, suitable the buddering of length, put into the cortex that stock cuts; Make bud and stock form layer to align, when causing with stock tangent plane is not of uniform size if budder, then must to form side buddering with stock and aim at and be close to, the long bevel of buddering put into slightly reveals a little wound, and be called for short a line white, base portion of simultaneously buddering will insert at the bottom of stock otch to be close to;
Binding film, budder put appropriate after, use belt length 25 ~ 30 centimetres immediately, the plastic film tape binding of wide 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres, during wrapping, left hand takes 1 ∕ 4(long end of film strip), first use the thumb of two hands and forefinger that plastic film is enclosed to bastem portion around 1 ~ 2, then upwards cover with short one end and budder, expose eye, with one end, long limit winding number circle smoothly, finally beat slip-knot;
C. simple bud side grafting method
Simple bud cut grafting work complete 15 ~ 20 days afterwards check survive situation, lose green if buddered and be yellowish-brown, film is removed, sprouting is connected on the side of stock trunk, the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, it is less than simple bud cutting face 3 ~ 5 millimeters that face is cut in grafting, ensures to budder and can absorb adequate nutrients; If take over a job once unsuccessful, can mend and connect 1 ~ 2 time, grafting time is long, cut budder with simple bud cut with, be whittled into logical head-germ, cut stock be stock overhead 5 ~ 10 centimeters select smooth one side, the solid stock of left index finger, thumb pushes down the knife back, and the degree of depth just arrives and forms layer, slightly show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and be advisable, bevel will be put down, smooth, phozy, the skin cut out is cut 1 ∕ 2 ~ 1 ∕ 3, then buddering of cutting is put into otch, make both relatively be close to by tangent plane, then tighten by film bundle, make it only expose eye;
The management of grafting
A. seedling management:
A. check and survive and connect with benefit: checking in spring in next year of grafting in autumn survives situation, within 15 ~ 20 days after connecing of spring grafting, check and survive situation, buddering does not sprout carries out side grafting method benefit by same kind in time and budders;
B. cut anvil solution to tie up: long 25 ~ 30 centimetres of the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting, remove film strip; After first time, young sprout was aging, with scraper from top to bottom or from bottom to top vertical standardized cutter make film strip all pine be disconnected, can not solution tying up then of grafting in late fall, first cuts off stock before treating Second Year green sprouting above grafting mouth, then scratch film strip, promote to budder sprouting;
C. except sprouting leaf: to the upper and lower normal bud of stock after grafting take out send out sprout leaf, ream from base portion with pocket knife at any time, spring eliminated 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, to promote sprouting of buddering;
D. surely dry shaping: when seedling grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres, in 3 ~ 5 days, by grafting trunk cutting back, utilizes the branch formation tree crown taken out for the first time and send out, surely must do shaping when nursery;
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by too high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 ~ 15 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, after wanting the tip to extract out, only leave top uprightly stalwartness summer shoot, all the other are extractd, also extract in time if any bud, to reduce nutrient consumption, inspire sprouting;
B. seedling tree cuts top or shaping after growing tall: when the summer shoot after pinching grows to 20 ~ 23 centimetres, 6 ~ 8 days before the beginning of autumn put autumn growth, cut heights of roofs for overhead 30 ~ 40 centimetres, there is a small amount of fragmentary bud sprouted to erase after cutting top to impel for 1 ~ 2 time when sprouting to 1 centimetre in a large number, unifiedly put autumn growth, cut rear neighbouring 1 ~ 4 joint in top, often joint stays 1 young shoot of the same size, all the other are extractd, and the bud distribution of selecting and remain is wanted evenly, to make seedling grow up to the plant of multi-branched;
(5) seedling stage rich water quality management
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization;
(6) outplanting.
2. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seed described in step (1) is used at once, by 1 part of seed and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings in indoor cool lee side, moisturizing is covered above with plastic foil or gunnysack, periphery plastic film or dry gunnysack compress, in case mouse evil, and running check, does not allow fine sand overdrying or excessively wet; Described seed is not sowed immediately, hides with river sand.
3. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has the area of yellow twig, branch connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 ~ 2 hour with quadracycline 800 ~ 1200 times of immersion bubbles before grafting, and just grafting after clear water cleans twice, has the effect of prevention yellow twig; The producing region that canker is serious is dried for subsequent use with the streptomycin leaching that 50 ~ 100 grams connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud proportioning 500 ~ 800 milliliters after 40 ~ 80 minutes.
4. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described stock is selected and grown saplings, and the shatian pomelo sapling cultivated with Rong County, Guangxi is best.
5. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the river sand of the cultivation of described rootstock seedling, namely agglomerating to pinch with hand, looses one's grip and namely scatters for standard.
6. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand prepared before described grafting, optimum with the pure lines fine individual plant through observing qualification for many years.
7. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described simple bud cuts the cortex step of pruning in grafting, requires that bevel is put down, phozy, is not with xylem, and just to forming layer, plane is yellow-white.
8. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the reasonable irrigation fertilization step in described seedling stage rich water quality management, thinly the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed based on 15 ~ 30 days, be aided with chemical fertilizer, wherein often should execute once thin liquid dung by two weeks 2 ~ August, or add 0.5 ﹪-1 ﹪ urea drench execute.
9. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described outplanting, and the standard that nursery stock wood must reach is robust growth, trunk is upright, and limb is thick, height of seedling 50 cm, have more than 3 branches be evenly distributed, leaf look dark green, and kind is pure, stock is excellent, the healing of anvil Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud is good, and seedling root is flourishing, and fibrous root is many, be not with quarantine venereal disease worm, there is no the serious harm of disease worm.
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| CN113348941A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 广西南方中药材种植集团有限公司 | High-yield exocarpium citri grandis fine variety bud mutation breeding technology |
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| CN108781982A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-13 | 广西农垦国有立新农场 | A kind of virus-free engrafting method of citrus |
| CN113348941A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 广西南方中药材种植集团有限公司 | High-yield exocarpium citri grandis fine variety bud mutation breeding technology |
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