CN104885842A - Method for cutting and breeding Taxus baccata - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient cutting propagation method of European yew: select 1 to 2-year-old semi-lignified branches from the top of the European yew plant over five years old, treat with 500 mg?L ^-1 IBA or ABT, and cut Carry out rooting culture on the substrate of peat soil, perlite and river sand (volume 3:1:1), control the rooting temperature at 20~28°C, and the air humidity at 75%~95%. At the same time, the growth-promoting nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaves 3 to 5 times to promote the germination of young shoots, and finally the fast-propagating seedlings of different levels are planted in different areas. The invention uses the cutting method to propagate the European yew under the condition of protected cultivation, which can not only get rid of the influence of external conditions, and can be produced in all seasons, but also can save the area occupied by seedlings and reduce the production cost.

Description

A kind of method of European yew cutting propagation

technical field

The invention relates to a European yew cutting propagation method, which belongs to the technical field of plant artificial propagation and cultivation methods.

Background technique

European yew ( Taxus baccata ) is an evergreen tree belonging to Taxaceae Taxus, native to Europe, North Africa and West Asia, and introduced in Lushan, Nanjing and other places in China. The wood structure of European yew is delicate and solid and resistant to decay; its seeds have high oil yield and contain a large amount of protein, fat, total sugar, etc., which can be used for industrial purposes; its branches, leaves, and roots can extract taxol and other biological materials, which are effective for ovarian cancer. , lung cancer and other cancers have a good curative effect; in addition, the European yew has a unique appearance, bright green evergreen throughout the year, bright red and plump when the seeds are mature, bright red arils and green leaves complement each other, beautiful and unusual, it is rare High-grade greening tree species and potted plant materials. It can be said that the European yew is an important resource plant and rare tree species integrating medicinal, timber and ornamental uses, and has extremely high development and utilization value.

European yew is mainly scattered in nature with "mixed growth, multiple layers, and different ages". It grows slowly and is difficult to regenerate naturally. Its natural renewal methods include seed reproduction and asexual budding reproduction. However, due to the species interval caused by the genus and plants often scattered in the forest, or the lack of encounter during flowering (dioecious plants, cross-pollination), its pollination and fertilization are hindered. , the number of seeds finally formed is extremely limited; in addition, the arils of the seeds are sweet and edible, and birds and animals also eat them, so that the number of remaining seeds is even smaller. Moreover, the seeds of the European yew are nut-shaped, with thick seed coats, and are in a state of deep dormancy. Under the natural state, it takes two winters and one summer to germinate. These have restricted the breeding process of European yew.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient method for the cutting propagation of the European yew to meet the needs of large-scale production and other disciplines based on the rapid propagation of the European yew.

The technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the main features of this kind of European yew rapid breeding method are:

A. Selection and production of cuttings: Select 1 to 2-year-old semi-lignified branches from the top of the European yew plant over five years old, cut the material in the morning or evening, cut the material port and keep the terminal bud. Make the cut surface smooth, without hurting the buds, breaking the skin, or cracking. The length of the multicolored wood is 8~12cm, and the needles of the upper 2/3 to 3/4 of the multicolored wood are reserved, and the "nodes" at the forks are reserved. After cutting with branch scissors, carry out water spray moisturizing treatment.

B. Treatment of cuttings: Treat the cut cuttings with 500 mg•L ^-1 IBA or ABT. The treated parts are the lower incisions and base branches of the multifarious material. The soaking time is preferably 6 hours, and the soaking depth is 2~3cm , if the concentration of the treatment reagent is increased to 1000 mg•L ^-1 , the soaking time is shortened to 2 h, and cuttings are carried out immediately after treatment.

C. Cutting pool and cutting substrate: Pave the cutting pool with red bricks with good air permeability and water permeability, and lay a layer at the bottom to ensure water permeability; mix peat soil, perlite and river sand at a volume of 3:1:1 as the Substrate, water and mix well the day before the cuttings until they can be squeezed into fists without falling apart.

D. Rooting culture: When cutting the cuttings of the cuttings, they should be inserted straight, not upside down or obliquely. Use a small wooden stick to pre-set holes in the cutting matrix and then insert the cuttings into the holes. Be careful not to damage the cuttings and the matrix. After cutting, compact the substrate to ensure that the substrate and the cuttings are closely connected. The appropriate cutting depth is 3~4cm, and the cutting density is based on the fact that the branches and leaves of the flourishing materials do not cross and overlap, generally 400~600 plants/m ² . After cutting the material, turn on the micro-spray and mist system immediately, and cover the small shed with micro-film. Control the rooting temperature at 20-28°C, and the required air humidity is 90%-95%, 85%-90%, 80%-85% during the cell activation period, callus formation period, root primordium production period, and root system formation period, respectively. %, 75%~80%, the air humidity in the seedling adaptation period should be similar to the air humidity in the general environment. Through the implementation of system regulation, the number of fogging times and fogging time of the system can be increased or decreased according to the change in the humidity demand of the growing materials, so that the humidity of the seedbed can be kept within the suitable range for the rooting of the growing materials.

E. Fertilization management: During the period from the beginning of new roots of European yew until the new roots turn from milky white to reddish brown, spray 3 to 5 times of growth-promoting nutrient solution (improved by conventional nutrient solution formula) Come, such as 1/2MS nutrient solution), can promote the germination of young shoots in the rapid propagation seedbed.

F. Transplanting of fast-propagating seedlings: Rapid-propagating seedlings should be graded according to the type of propagating material and rooting conditions, and fast-propagating seedlings of different levels should be planted in different areas. The whole process from seedling raising to transplanting should be carried out in succession to prevent the roots of the seedlings from being exposed to wind and sun. Make sure that the roots are planted straight, compacted, and not rooted. After planting, water (spray) the "fixed root water" in time to make the root system of the transplanted seedlings closely connected with the soil. In nurseries equipped with rapid-propagation seedling transplanting transition greenhouses, rapid-propagation seedlings can be transplanted from rapid-propagation seedbeds every year. In non-facility controlled nurseries, it is best to transplant from late October to late November and from late February to late March. Determine the corresponding density according to the cultivation of seedlings of different specifications. Generally, the fast-propagating seedlings are transplanted to the transition zone for the first time. The planting density is 25cm×25cm, and 8,000 plants are planted per mu; cultivate medium and upper-sized seedlings (including ear-picking nursery seedlings) nurseries The planting density is preferably 50cm×50cm, and 2000 plants are planted per mu. In terms of production, in order to improve the utilization rate of nursery land, the planned dense planting method can be implemented, that is, the method of one-time planting and batch transplantation is adopted to establish a nursery land. For example, after twice halving and transplanting a nursery with 8,000 plants per mu, it will become a sparsely planted nursery with 2,000 plants per mu. In this way, within the same period of time, the seedling output rate of the nursery nursery is far higher than that of the nursery that has reserved space for large-scale seedlings to grow up.

Propagating Taxus chinensis by cuttings under protected cultivation conditions can not only get rid of the influence of external conditions, but also can be produced in all seasons, and can save the land occupied by seedlings and reduce production costs. Asexual reproduction by cuttings not only maintains the excellent traits of the female parent, but also can form a large number of offspring plants with stable genetic traits, and form a large number of high-quality seedlings in a short period of time for large-scale and industrial production.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the example of the rapid propagation of the European yew.

Example 1 Rapid propagation of Chinese yew by cuttings

1. In July 2012, the current year's branches were taken from the 5-year-old European yew, with an average of 50 branches per plant, and the wood was cut in the early morning, and the end of the material was cut flat and the terminal buds were retained. The length of the multiplication material is 8-12cm, and the needle leaves of the upper 3/4 of the multiplication material are retained, and the "nodes" at the forks are retained, and a total of 2100 cuttings are obtained. Soak the base of the cuttings with 2000 mg·L ^-1 IBA for 5-min, then cut them on the substrate mixed with peat soil, perlite and river sand in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, and turn on the micro-spray mist system (spray 3 time, 1min/time), ensure the humidity is 75-85%, and properly shade (light transmittance 70-80%).

2. Ventilation is ensured in the greenhouse, and the temperature is controlled at about 25°C. Since August 2012, random sampling was used to count the callus formation of the cuttings, to keep the cutting pool free of weeds, and to remove the withered branches. After 2 months of cutting, the rooting rate of the cuttings was randomly sampled and counted. There were 1787 seedlings that finally took root and survived, and the survival rate was 85%.

Example 2 Transplanting and emergence of fast-propagating seedlings

1. The fast-propagating seedlings can be transplanted 2 to 3 months after rooting. The whole process from seedlings to planting should be carried out in succession to prevent seedlings and roots from being exposed to wind and sun. Make sure that the roots are planted straight, compacted, and not rooted. After planting, water (spray) the "fixed root water" in time to make the root system of the transplanted seedlings closely connected with the soil. The planting density is 25cm×25cm, and 8000 plants are planted per mu. After transplanting and growing for one year, the nursery with 8,000 plants per mu will be halved and transplanted twice to become a nursery with 2,000 plants per mu.

2. The small-sized seed nursery for transplanting fast-propagating seedlings adopts a pipeline sprinkler irrigation system, and sprays water in a timely and appropriate amount according to the moisture status of the nursery soil. In the early stage of seedling growth, nitrogen fertilizers are mainly applied, and in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly applied. The fertilization method is water application, that is, the decomposed human excrement or 0.2%~0.3% concentration of Baume is applied. , generally applied on cloudy days or in the evening. Grasp the principle of "removing the early, removing the small, and eliminating all" in weeding. In addition to manual weeding and shoveling, use some selective herbicides such as 5% refined grass gram EC for weeding. In the case of soil compaction, loosen the soil in time, 4 to 6 times a year, and the depth of loosening should not damage the root system of the seedlings. Regularly check the seedling nursery, remove dead seedlings, sick seedlings, injured seedlings, and weak seedlings, and replant strong seedlings to make the seedlings evenly distributed and grow neatly.

3. The fast-propagating seedlings within 1 year old can be out of the nursery every year. For large-scale seedlings in the nursery nursery, it is best to be out of the nursery from late October to late November or from late February to late March. Keep the root system intact, do not damage the terminal buds, do not damage the root bark, and it is strictly forbidden to pull out the seedlings by hand. The seedling depth depends on the growth of the root system of the seedlings, and generally should not be less than 20cm. After the seedlings are raised, remove the seedlings that have split roots, those with undeveloped root systems, those with defective terminal buds, and other unqualified seedlings in a cool and sheltered place, and then grade them according to the quality and size standards of the seedlings.

Claims (1)

1. a method for european yew cutting propagation, is characterized in that:

The selection of A, cuttings and making: choose 1 ~ 2 year raw semi-lignified branch at the european yew plant top of 5 years above age of trees of life, cut material early morning or dusk, cut flat Material ports and retain terminal bud; Accomplish that tangent plane is level and smooth, do not hinder bud, not broken skin, do not ftracture; Numerous material length is 8 ~ 12cm, retains the needle on numerous material top 2/3 to 3/4, and retains " node " of crotch; After cutting with secateurs, carry out water spray moisturizing process;

The process of B, cuttings: by the cuttings sheared 500 mgL ^-1iBA or ABT process, treatment sites is numerous material lower cut and base portion branch section, and soak time is advisable with 6 h, and the degree of depth of immersion is 2 ~ 3cm, and the concentration as reagent treatment is increased to 1000 mgL ^-1, soak time foreshortens to 2 h, carries out cuttage immediately after process;

C, cuttage pond and cutting medium: be paved into cuttage pond with the good common brick of gas permeability water penetration, it is permeable to guarantee that bottom spreads one deck; Using peat soil, perlite and river sand by volume 3:1:1 carry out mixing as matrix, cuttage to be watered and to mix thoroughly to pinching into fist and do not fall apart the previous day;

D, culture of rootage: during numerous material cuttage, answer straight cutting, must not insert, oblique cutting, again numerous material is inserted in hole with small wooden after the preset jack of cutting medium, guard against cutting otch and matrix is worn and torn injured, compacting matrix after numerous material cuttage, matrix of make suring and cutting are touched, and the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 3 ~ 4cm, cutting density with numerous material branches and leaves not juxtaposition be as the criterion, general 400 ~ 600 strains/m ²; After material cuttage, open micro-spray atomizing system immediately, and cover mocromembrane Small plastic shed; Control temperature of taking root is 20 ~ 28 DEG C, the air humidity needed is respectively 90% ~ 95%, 85% ~ 90%, 80% ~ 85%, 75% ~ 80% in cell activation phase, Callus formation phase, root restriction generation phase, root growth phase, should be close with the air humidity of overall situation in the air humidity of hardening laundering period; Regulated and controled by implementation system, can according to numerous material to the changes in demand of humidity corresponding increase and decrease system atomizing number of times, atomizing time, in seedbed humidity is remained on optimum range that numerous material takes root;

E, fertilizing management: when the numerous material of european yew from grow new root and transfer this period of bronzing to new root to by milky, numerous material foliage-spray 3 ~ 5 growth promotion nutrient solutions (are improved by conventional nutrient formula of liquid, as 1/2MS nutrient solution), numerous material can be impelled to sprout the tender tip at fast propagating seedling bed;

F, fast propagating seedling are transplanted: fast numerous seedling should carry out classification according to numerous material type, root of hair situation, and fast numerous seedling of different stage is carried out subregion and planted; From lifting to transplanting overall process, be connected and carry out, be strictly on guard against that shoot root is exposed to the weather; Accomplish to plant straight, compacting, not nest root, water (spray) after cultivation in time and fill with " normal root water ", transplanted seedling root system and soil are touched; On the Seedlings nursery ground possessing fast numerous little transplantation of seedlings transition booth, the anniversary fast numerous seedling can be transplanted from fast propagating seedling bed; On non-facilities regulation and control Seedlings nursery ground, to transplant best in late October to late November and late Febuary to late March; Nursery stock according to cultivating different size determines corresponding density, and general fast numerous seedling transplants transition region first, and planting density is advisable with 25cm × 25cm, and mu plants 8000 strains; Ground, upper specification seedling (comprising cutting orchard seedling) garden in cultivation, planting density is advisable with 50cm × 50cm, and mu plants 2000 strains; In production, be improve nursery lot availability, practicable plan dense planting planting method, namely take a field planting, the way of in batches transplanting to be created as nursery lot; After rare pick that reduces by half for twice as carried out with mu being planted to the garden of 8000 strains is transplanted, namely become the ground, thin planting garden that mu plants 2000 strains; Like this, in the identical time limit, the nursery of headspace is high more than considering that large gauge seedling is grown up for the nursery stock output capacity on Seedlings nursery ground.