CN108739330A - A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange - Google Patents
A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739330A CN108739330A CN201810740160.8A CN201810740160A CN108739330A CN 108739330 A CN108739330 A CN 108739330A CN 201810740160 A CN201810740160 A CN 201810740160A CN 108739330 A CN108739330 A CN 108739330A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding methods of navel orange, include the following steps:Place election, set insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system, Nutrition Soil configuration, Nutritive cube sterilization, choose stock, scion, grafting, grafting are managed and protected, fertilizer and water management, insect pest preventing and controlling, outplanting.The present invention can breed virus-free navel orange nursery stock, after being transplanted to crop field, can quick fruiting, improve orchard income, while survival rate is high, antiviral and insect-pest ability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees fields, in particular to arriving a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange.
Background technology
Yao Autonomous County of Fuchuan is that citrus plants big county, and the citrus sour-sweet degree planted out is suitble to liking for consumers in general.
But it is influenced at present by Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, the great reduction of yield of citrus.Currently in order to increasing yield, the method for peasant household taken is
The citrus for infecting yellow twig is cut down and directly reseeds new citrus sapling afterwards, in this way, citrus seedling grows to fruiting and needs
The time of 2-3 is taken, and is easy the various disease and insects of infection, survival rate is not high, and anti-virus ability is not strong.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding methods of navel orange, can breed virus-free navel orange nursery stock,
After being transplanted to crop field, can quick fruiting, improve orchard income, while survival rate is high, antiviral and insect-pest ability is strong.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding of navel orange
Method includes the following steps:(1)Place election:Selection has a good transport service, has abundant water resources, topography is flat, illumination is good, far from inspection
Epidemic disease venereal disease worm sources, non-environmental-pollution source, without rutaceae around nursery;(2)If insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system:Using 40
- 60 mesh plastic gauze of mesh and steel pipe composition build insect-proof net chamber, the miniature spray irrigation system of fly net indoor location;(3)Nutrition Soil is matched
It sets:Nutrition Soil is by crushing careless carbon or peat, sand, vermiculite, perlite, saw after high-temperature vapour disinfection or the disinfection of other sterilizations
The materials such as sawdust are formed by volume proportion, and the nutrients such as N, P, K are added by proper proportion;(4)Nutritive cube sterilization:It is molten with formaldehyde
Nutrition Soil is piled the ribbon that thickness is no more than 30cm by liquid fumigation disinfection soil, is covered with clear plastic membrane, in summer and autumn
High temperature strong sunshine season is placed in exposure 30d or more under sunlight and sterilizes;(5)Fill Nutrition Soil:Nutrition Soil is packed into control root container, is planted
Lower navel orange sapling;(6)Choose stock:Select Fructus Aurantii, red tangerine, fragrant citrus, bitter orange and citrange as stock;(7) scion:Selection exists
The morning is from the detoxification being stored in insect-proof net chamber is adopted in the upper clip tree crown periphery of fringe tree, top is fully ripe, healthy and strong, bud eye is full
The complete annual young sprout of full, blade;(8) it grafts:From native face 15cm with upper bit diameter up to 0.6cm stocks or trifoliate orange stock from
10 ㎝ of native face reaches 0.6cm with upper bit diameter, and by the notch that insertion stock is held successfully in time of buddering cut, the length buddered is cut
Face is bonded tightly with the bevel of stock, and seam, the forming layer alignment of the two is not stayed then will to be buddered with film and tightly be banded in interface
On;(9)Grafting is managed and protected:15 days after grafting, inspection survives situation, flavescences of buddering, and mends connect immediately, membrane removal after bud is grown, except sprouting, cut
Anvil is put a lodged plant upright, pinching;(10)Fertilizer and water management:Use 0.3%~0.5% composite fertilizer of concentration or urea leaching seedling primary weekly, the visual seedling of top dressing
Depending on wood growth needs;(11)Insect pest preventing and controlling:Foot rot, damping-off, anthracnose and the bleeding disease in Seedling Stage spray prevention seedling stage
Etc. the pests such as diseases red spider, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, leaf miner, to carrying out disinfection measure into personnel;(12)Outplanting:It chooses
Meet the thick 0.7cm or more of the thick diameter of trunk, smooth, 50 ㎝ or more of height of seedling, has 2~3 long 15 ㎝ or more, spatial distributions equal
Even branch, branches and leaves perfect that dark green, non-quarantine pest and disease damage is light, heal journey without quarantine pest and disease damage, rich in gloss, grafting part
Degree is good, strain defoliation yield is abundant with group no more than 15 °, well developed root system, nutrition less than the tortuosity of 20%, anvil fringe engaging portion, at breast
The outplanting of white.
Furtherly illustrate, the Nutrition Soil can be yellow mud:Rice husk ash=2:1.
Furtherly illustrate, time of the membrane removal is waiting buddering and long releasing film, autumn to 15cm or so for spring grafting
Season grafting releases film in spring in next year.
Furtherly illustrate, it is described to be cut within 7 days~10 days once for the descendant of pumping on stock except sprouting.
Furtherly illustrate, the cut anvil operating method be budder sprout take out the tip from cut and it is aging after from grafting bud most
For the opposite direction of cut anvil at high-order bit, clip and bud in 45 ° of inclinations, clip is smooth.
Furtherly illustrate, it is described put a lodged plant upright, pinching method is that grafting sprouts and takes out the tip after cut, a length is inserted by seedling
80cm, thick 1cm bamboo canes or roundlet bamboo are put a lodged plant upright, position should be from nursery stock trunk 2cm outside;Seedling and column is helped to be bundled into " ∞ " word with modeling band
Type increases with seedling growing height and increases and tie up number, makes the upright growth of seedling without being bent general 3 times~4 times, height of seedling
When 40cm or more, pinching makes every plant to have 2~3 branches.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:The present invention can breed virus-free navel orange nursery stock, move
Plant to after crop field, can quick fruiting, improve orchard income, while survival rate is high, antiviral and insect-pest ability is strong.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific implementation mode, present invention is further described in detail, but does not limit the scope of the invention
And application range:
Embodiment 1
A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange, which is characterized in that include the following steps:(1)Place election:Select traffic side
Just, have abundant water resources, topography is flat, illumination is good, far from quarantine disease pest source, non-environmental-pollution source, without Rutaceae around nursery
Plant;(2)If insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system:Insect-proof net chamber, insect-proof net chamber are built using 40 mesh plastic gauzes and steel pipe composition
The interior miniature spray irrigation system of installation;The daily morning in high temperature drying season and afternoon respectively spray a water, and spray water 5min every time, water spray
3mm;(3)Nutrition Soil configures:Nutrition Soil by crush through high-temperature vapour disinfection or other sterilizations disinfection after careless carbon or peat,
The materials such as sand, vermiculite, perlite, wood sawdust are formed by volume proportion, and the nutrients such as N, P, K are added by proper proportion;It is preferred that
, Nutrition Soil is yellow mud:Rice husk ash=2:1;(4)Nutritive cube sterilization:It is piled with formalin fumigation disinfection soil or by Nutrition Soil
Thickness is no more than the ribbon of 30cm, is covered with clear plastic membrane, the exposure in the case where summer and autumn high temperature strong sunshine season is placed in sunlight
30d is sterilized;(5)Fill Nutrition Soil:Nutrition Soil is packed into control root container, lower navel orange sapling is planted;(6)Choose stock:Selection Fructus Aurantii,
Red tangerine, fragrant citrus, bitter orange and citrange are as stock;(7) scion:Selection adopts fringe in the morning from the detoxification being stored in insect-proof net chamber
On tree in clip tree crown periphery, top is fully ripe, healthy and strong, bud eye is full, the complete annual young sprout of blade;(8) it grafts:?
0.6cm is reached from 10 positions ㎝ diameter of native face up to 0.6cm stocks or trifoliate orange stock with upper bit diameter from native face 15cm, is connect what is cut
Bud is inserted into time in the notch that stock is held successfully, and the long bevel buddered is bonded tightly with the bevel of stock, does not stay seam, the formation of the two
Layer alignment, then will be buddered with film and be tightly banded on interface;(9)Grafting is managed and protected:15 days after grafting, inspection survives feelings
Condition, flavescence of buddering show not take over a job, mend connect immediately, and the length that waits buddering of spring grafting releases film to 15cm, autumn grafting
Generally the descendant of pumping is cut once for 7 days on spring in next year releasing film, stock, and cut anvil operating method is to be taken out in sprouting of buddering
The tip from cut and it is aging after from cut anvil from the highest position of grafting bud, for the opposite direction of clip and bud in 45 ° of inclinations, clip is smooth;
Grafting, which sprouts, takes out the tip from after cutting, and a long 80cm is inserted by seedling, thick 1cm bamboo canes or roundlet bamboo are put a lodged plant upright, and position should be from nursery stock trunk
Outside 2cm;With modeling band seedling and column being helped to be bundled into " ∞ " font, increase with seedling growing height and number is tied up in increase, makes for 3 times~4 times
The upright growth of seedling is without being bent.When height of seedling 40cm, pinching makes every plant to have 2 branches;(10)Fertilizer and water management:Concentration is used weekly
0.3% composite fertilizer or urea leaching seedling are primary, and top dressing can be depending on seedling growth needs;(11)Insect pest preventing and controlling:Seedling Stage spray prevention
The pests such as the diseases such as foot rot, damping-off, anthracnose and the bleeding disease in seedling stage red spider, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, leaf miner, to entering
Personnel carry out disinfection measure;(12)Outplanting:Selection meets the thick 0.7cm of the thick diameter of trunk, smooth, 50 ㎝ of height of seedling, has 2
The branch of a long 15 ㎝, uniform spatial distribution, branches and leaves perfect dark green, and non-quarantine pest and disease damage is light, no quarantine pest and disease damage, rich
Gloss, grafting part healing is good, and strain defoliation yield is less than 20%, and the tortuosity of anvil fringe engaging portion is not more than 15 °, root system hair
It reaches, nutrition is abundant with group, and at milky outplanting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange, which is characterized in that include the following steps:(1)Place election:Select traffic side
Just, have abundant water resources, topography is flat, illumination is good, far from quarantine disease pest source, non-environmental-pollution source, without Rutaceae around nursery
Plant;(2)If insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system:Insect-proof net chamber, insect-proof net chamber are built using 60 mesh plastic gauzes and steel pipe composition
The interior miniature spray irrigation system of installation;The daily morning in high temperature drying season and afternoon respectively spray a water, and spray water 8min every time, water spray
3mm;(3)Nutrition Soil configures:Nutrition Soil by crush through high-temperature vapour disinfection or other sterilizations disinfection after careless carbon or peat,
The materials such as sand, vermiculite, perlite, wood sawdust are formed by volume proportion, and the nutrients such as N, P, K are added by proper proportion;It is preferred that
, Nutrition Soil is turf:Thin river sand:Husk=2:1:1;(4)Nutritive cube sterilization:With formalin fumigation disinfection soil or will seek
The ribbon that mound is no more than 25cm at thickness is supported, is covered with clear plastic membrane, sun is placed in summer and autumn high temperature strong sunshine season
Exposure 35d is sterilized under light;(5)Fill Nutrition Soil:Nutrition Soil is packed into control root container, lower navel orange sapling is planted;(6)Choose stock:
Select Fructus Aurantii, red tangerine, fragrant citrus, bitter orange and citrange as stock;(7) scion:Selection is in the morning from being stored in insect-proof net chamber
Detoxification is adopted in the upper clip tree crown periphery of fringe tree, top is fully ripe, healthy and strong, bud eye is full, the complete annual young sprout of blade;
(8) it grafts:0.6cm is being reached from 12 positions ㎝ diameter of native face up to 0.6cm stocks or trifoliate orange stock from the positions native face 18cm diameter, will cut
Good buddering is inserted into the notch that stock is held successfully in time, and the long bevel buddered is bonded tightly with the bevel of stock, does not stay seam, the two
Forming layer alignment, then will be buddered with film and be tightly banded on interface;(9)Grafting is managed and protected:15 days after grafting, check at
Situation living, flavescences of buddering show not take over a job, mend connect immediately, and the waiting buddering of spring grafting long releases film, autumn grafting to 14cm
It is general release film in spring in next year, the descendant of pumping is cut once for 10 days on stock, and cut anvil operating method is sprouts buddering
Hair take out the tip from cut and it is aging after from cut anvil from the highest position of grafting bud, for the opposite direction of clip and bud in 45 ° of inclinations, clip is flat
It is sliding;Grafting, which sprouts, takes out the tip from after cutting, and a long 80cm is inserted by seedling, thick 1cm bamboo canes or roundlet bamboo are put a lodged plant upright, and position should be from nursery stock master
Outside dry 2cm;Seedling and column is helped to be bundled into " ∞ " font with modeling band, increases with seedling growing height and increase and tie up number, general 3 times~
Make for 4 times the upright growth of seedling without being bent.When height of seedling 45cm, pinching makes every plant to have 3 branches;(10)Fertilizer and water management:Weekly
Primary with 0.5% composite fertilizer of concentration or urea leaching seedling, top dressing can be depending on seedling growth needs;(11)Insect pest preventing and controlling:Seedling Stage sprays
Medicine prevents the pests such as diseases red spider, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, the leaf miners such as foot rot, damping-off, anthracnose and the bleeding disease in seedling stage,
To carrying out disinfection measure into personnel;(12)Outplanting:Selection meets the thick 0.8cm of the thick diameter of trunk, smooth, 55 ㎝ of height of seedling,
Branch with 18 ㎝ 3 long, uniform spatial distribution, branches and leaves perfect dark green, and non-quarantine pest and disease damage is light, no quarantine disease pest
Evil, rich in gloss, grafting part healing is good, and strain defoliation yield is less than 15%, and the tortuosity of anvil fringe engaging portion is not more than 10 °,
Well developed root system, nutrition is abundant with group, and at milky outplanting.
Embodiment 3
A kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange, which is characterized in that include the following steps:(1)Place election:Select traffic side
Just, have abundant water resources, topography is flat, illumination is good, far from quarantine disease pest source, non-environmental-pollution source, without Rutaceae around nursery
Plant;(2)If insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system:Insect-proof net chamber, insect-proof net chamber are built using 50 mesh plastic gauzes and steel pipe composition
The interior miniature spray irrigation system of installation;The daily morning in high temperature drying season and afternoon respectively spray a water, and spray water 7min every time, water spray
3mm;(3)Nutrition Soil configures:Nutrition Soil by crush through high-temperature vapour disinfection or other sterilizations disinfection after careless carbon or peat,
The materials such as sand, vermiculite, perlite, wood sawdust are formed by volume proportion, and the nutrients such as N, P, K are added by proper proportion;It is preferred that
, Nutrition Soil is yellow mud:Rice husk ash:Husk=2:2:1;(4)Nutritive cube sterilization:With formalin fumigation disinfection soil or will seek
The ribbon that mound is no more than 30cm at thickness is supported, is covered with clear plastic membrane, sun is placed in summer and autumn high temperature strong sunshine season
Exposure 30d or more is sterilized under light;(5)Fill Nutrition Soil:Nutrition Soil is packed into control root container, lower navel orange sapling is planted;(6)Choose anvil
Wood:Select Fructus Aurantii, red tangerine, fragrant citrus, bitter orange and citrange as stock;(7) scion:Selection is in the morning from being stored in insect-proof net chamber
In detoxification adopt in the upper clip tree crown periphery of fringe tree, top is fully ripe, healthy and strong, bud eye is full, blade is complete annual new
The tip;(8) it grafts:0.6cm is being reached from 15 positions ㎝ diameter of native face up to 0.6cm stocks or trifoliate orange stock from the positions native face 20cm diameter,
By in the notch that insertion stock is held successfully in time of buddering cut, the long bevel buddered is bonded tightly with the bevel of stock, does not stay seam,
The forming layer of the two is aligned, and then will be buddered with film and is tightly banded on interface;(9)Grafting is managed and protected:15 days after grafting, inspection
Look into and survive situation, flavescence of buddering shows not take over a job, mends connect immediately, spring grafting wait buddering it is long release film to 15cm or so,
The general of autumn grafting releases film in spring in next year, and the descendant of pumping is cut once for 8 days on stock, cut anvil operating method for
Budder sprout take out the tip from cut and it is aging after from cut anvil from the highest position of grafting bud, the opposite direction of clip and bud in 45 ° of inclinations,
Clip is smooth;Grafting, which sprouts, takes out the tip after cut, and a long 80cm is inserted by seedling, and thick 1cm bamboo canes or roundlet bamboo are put a lodged plant upright, and position should be from
Outside nursery stock trunk 2cm;Seedling and column is helped to be bundled into " ∞ " font with modeling band, increases with seedling growing height and increase and tie up number, one
As make for 3 times~4 times the upright growth of seedling without being bent.When height of seedling 50cm, pinching makes every plant to have 3 branches;(10)Rich water pipe
Reason:Use 0.4% composite fertilizer of concentration or urea leaching seedling primary weekly, top dressing can be depending on seedling growth needs;(11)Insect pest preventing and controlling:
Diseases red spider, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, the leaf miners such as foot rot, damping-off, anthracnose and the bleeding disease in Seedling Stage spray prevention seedling stage
Equal pests, to carrying out disinfection measure into personnel;(12)Outplanting:Selection meets the thick 0.8cm of the thick diameter of trunk, smooth, seedling
High 60 ㎝, the branch with 16 ㎝ 3 long, uniform spatial distribution, branches and leaves perfect dark green, and non-quarantine pest and disease damage is light, no quarantine
Venereal disease insect pest, rich in gloss, grafting part healing is good, and strain defoliation yield is less than 18%, and the tortuosity of anvil fringe engaging portion is little
In 12 °, well developed root system, nutrition is abundant with group, and at milky outplanting.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Several equivalent substitute or obvious modifications are made under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, and performance or use is identical, all should
It is considered as belonging to present invention scope of patent protection determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange, which is characterized in that include the following steps:(1)Place election:Select traffic
Facilitate, have abundant water resources, topography is flat, illumination is good, far from quarantine disease pest source, non-environmental-pollution source, without rue around nursery
Section plant;(2)If insect-proof net chamber and spray irrigation system:Insect-proof net chamber is built using -60 mesh plastic gauze of 40 mesh and steel pipe composition, is prevented
The miniature spray irrigation system of worm net indoor location;(3)Nutrition Soil configures:Nutrition Soil is by crushing through high-temperature vapour disinfection or other sterilizations
The materials such as careless carbon or peat, sand, vermiculite, perlite, wood sawdust after disinfection are formed by volume proportion, the nutrients such as N, P, K
It is added by proper proportion;(4)Nutritive cube sterilization:With formalin fumigation disinfection soil or Nutrition Soil thickness is piled to be no more than
The ribbon of 30cm, is covered with clear plastic membrane, and in the case where summer and autumn high temperature strong sunshine season is placed in sunlight, exposure 30d or more disappears
Poison;(5)Fill Nutrition Soil:Nutrition Soil is packed into control root container, lower navel orange sapling is planted;(6)Choose stock:Select Fructus Aurantii, red tangerine,
Fragrant citrus, bitter orange and citrange are as stock;(7) scion:Selection is adopted in the morning from the detoxification being stored in insect-proof net chamber cuts on fringe tree
It takes in tree crown periphery, top is fully ripe, healthy and strong, bud eye is full, the complete annual young sprout of blade;(8) it grafts:From native face
15cm reaches 0.6cm from 10 ㎝ of native face up to 0.6cm stocks or trifoliate orange stock with upper bit diameter with upper bit diameter, budders what is cut
It is inserted into the notch that stock is held successfully in time, the long bevel buddered is bonded tightly with the bevel of stock, does not stay seam, the forming layer of the two
Alignment, then will be buddered with film and be tightly banded on interface;(9)Grafting is managed and protected:15 days after grafting, inspection survives situation,
It budders flavescence, mends connect immediately, membrane removal after bud length, except sprouting, cut anvil, put a lodged plant upright, pinching;(10)Fertilizer and water management:Concentration 0.3% is used weekly
~0.5% composite fertilizer or urea leaching seedling are primary, and top dressing can be depending on seedling growth needs;(11)Insect pest preventing and controlling:Seedling Stage spray is anti-
Control the pests such as diseases red spider, aphid, swallowtail butterfly, the leaf miners such as foot rot, damping-off, anthracnose and the bleeding disease in seedling stage, into
Enter personnel to carry out disinfection measure;(12)Outplanting:Selection meets the thick 0.7cm or more of the thick diameter of trunk, smooth, 50 ㎝ of height of seedling with
On, the branch with 2~3 long 15 ㎝ or more, uniform spatial distribution, branches and leaves perfect that dark green, non-quarantine pest and disease damage is light, nothing
Quarantine pest and disease damage, rich in gloss, grafting part healing is good, strain defoliation yield less than 20%, anvil fringe engaging portion tortuosity
It is enriched with group, at milky outplanting no more than 15 °, well developed root system, nutrition.
2. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The Nutrition Soil is Huang
Mud:Rice husk ash=2:1.
3. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The time of the membrane removal
For spring grafting wait buddering it is long release film to 15cm or so, autumn grafting releases film in spring in next year.
4. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described remove is sprouted for stock
The descendant of upper pumping is cut once for 7 days~10 days.
5. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The cut anvil operation side
Method be budder sprout take out the tip from cut and it is aging after from cut anvil at the highest position of grafting bud, the opposite direction of clip and bud be in
45 ° of inclinations, clip are smooth.
6. a kind of virus-free seedling-wood breeding method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described put a lodged plant upright, pinching
Method is that grafting sprouts the pumping tip from after cutting, and a long 80cm is inserted by seedling, thick 1cm bamboo canes or roundlet bamboo are put a lodged plant upright, and position should be from seedling
Outside the wooden trunk 2cm;Seedling and column is helped to be bundled into " ∞ " font with modeling band, increases with seedling growing height and increase and tie up number, general 3
Secondary~to make for 4 times the upright growth of seedling without being bent, when height of seedling 40cm or more, pinching makes every plant to have 2~3 branches.
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Application publication date: 20181106 |