CN104186216B - A kind of chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of chicken mouth lichee dwarfing dense planting and early tie cultural method, comprise the following steps: grafting, select Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock to adopt whip grafting cleft grafting; Field planting, plants plant hole and presses rectangle or the arrangement of different line interlacing; Rich water quality management, executes thin executing as main, covering with plastic film after herbicide spraying taking duty; Shaping and pruning, by surely dry, carve bud, prune that to control tree crown be that two layer of seven major branch postpones happy shape, by trunk girdling, cutting back control in the winter height of tree, the girdling of master branch promotes sprouting growth; Spray, sprays growth regulatory substance; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests. The present invention adopts the dwarfing rootstock equal with chicken mouth lichee to complete grafting, by pruning control the height of tree and tree crown form, spray causes short chicken mouth lichee seedling, adopt method keeping fertility, the raising light utilization efficiency of covering with plastic film, make chicken mouth lichee early fruiting and high yield, chicken mouth lichee of the present invention is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method plantation chicken mouth lichee, fast, the result of going into operation early, output is high, and fruit quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a planting fruit-trees, be specifically related to a kind of chicken mouth lichee and downgrade early knot of dense plantingCultural method.
Background technology
Chicken mouth lichee is Sapindaceae, gains the name as Ji Zui because fruit core is little. Under self-sow state, Ji ZuiLichee tree crown is nature globular model, and height can reach 10m, tall trees hats make flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging,The artificial input of gathering etc. increases, and reduces production efficiency. Traditional chicken mouth culture method unit of existenceThe shortcomings such as plantation amount is little, land utilization ratio is low, yield poorly, the cycle long and Time To Market is more late.
Downgrade dense planting and refer to means such as utilizing biology, cultivation, make to set that low body is little, tree crown is compact, abundantUtilize luminous energy and land resource, make a kind of cultural method of fruit tree early flowering and result. Dwarfing fruit trees is closePlant cultivation and become the Present Domestic important trend of Fruit Trees Development outward.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of lichee nursery stock, unit plantation amount downgradedGreatly, result early, the chicken mouth lichee of quality better downgrades dense planting and early tie cultural method.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A kind of chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) grafting
A, stock are selected: select the Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock without disease and pest life in 1~2 year, every strain is averageLimb is up to 25cm, and limb rugosity is 30~40mm, and first about 10 days of scion grafting, by described SapindaceaeDwarfing rootstock bottom cuts off far from branch more than ground 6~8cm;
B, scion select: select chicken mouth lichee twig without disease and pest life in 1 year as scion, rugosity is3~9mm, adopt whip grafting with the mode grafting of cleft grafting to described Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock;
Nursery stock management after C, grafting;
(2) field planting
A, soil selection and management: select the soil that wind sheltering is to the south, irrigation and drainage good, the soil is porous, andMore than the maintenance active soil stratum degree of depth reaches 30cm;
B, field planting are prepared: carry out field planting by the cultivation mode of the little spacing in the rows of duplicate rows wide row space, plant plant hole length and width60~80cm, dark 40~50cm, by rectangle or different line interlacing spread configuration, applies soil fertilizer;
C, plantation: the seedling planting grafting, in kind of plant hole, is watered to normal root water, until survive;
(3) rich water quality management
Execute thin executing as main taking duty, when within after field planting one month, branch terminal bud is sprouted, use sufficient soil fertilizer, covering with plastic film,When young sprout growth stops substantially, leaf look green applies foliage fertilizer time by red turning, and young sprout turns after green and is manured into soilFertilizer and foliage fertilizer are also executed;
(4) shaping and pruning
The pruning of A, earsh: the spring after field planting, gently short apart from trunk top 40cm from grafting pointCut fixed doing, making has 3~4 full buds under clip, and unnecessary bud is carried out to bud picking processing; Winter after fixed doingOr early spring litchi is pruned, selected 3 branches that are 120 ° of directions are main as ground floor growthBranch, Second Year is carved bud processing apart from ground floor growth major branch 40~60cm place summer, cultivates 4 and isThe branch of 90 ° of directions cultivate as second layer growth major branch and regulate each layer of position between major branch andDistance, makes tree crown be two layer of seven major branch and postpones happy shape;
The pruning of B, firstfruits tree: after chicken mouth lichee result, adopt girding control tree crown, as treeThe prosperous length of gesture, trunk is thick and fruitful branch Cheng Hualiang does not reach 2/3 o'clock, carries out girdling, if certain is main to center is dryBranch or collateral generation are excessively prosperous, this major branch or side shoot are carried out to girdling, or brachyplast is adopted and stays bud a little less than base portionCutting back, guarantees that each major branch or side shoot generate in step;
The pruning of C, trees in richful production period: fruit harvesting carries out cutting back or wipe out overstocked friendship in winter after 20 daysFork branch group;
(5) spray: in earsh growth period, blade sprays growth regulatory substance while reaching 8~12;
(6) control of disease and pest: adopt the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of physical control method.
Preferably, described Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock is manaca stock or shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock.
Preferably, after described grafting, nursery stock management is observed once after referring to grafting every other week, by dwarfing rootstockOn twig all prune, when grafting is up to 50cm,, can go out garden field planting when the thick 1.0cm of stem the left and right.
Preferably, described field planting line-spacing 2.5~3.0m, spacing in the rows 2.0~2.5m.
Preferably, the soil fertilizer of described rich water quality management is the quick-acting fertilizer taking bio-fertilizer as main additional nitrogenous fertilizer,Described bio-fertilizer is wormcast; Described foliage fertilizer comprises 0.8%~1.2% composite fertilizer, 0.3%~0.5% urea,0.3%~0.5% potassium chloride, 1.5%~2.5% calcium superphosphate, 0.2%~0.5% magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, described covering with plastic film comprises two-layer, and ground floor adopts rice straw, leaf, huskWith fruit stone be cladding material overlay tree dish 5~10cm thickness, the second layer adopt thickness be 0.01~0.02mmSilvery reflection film cover ground floor cladding material top, herbicide spraying before described covering with plastic film.
Preferably, described shaping is also included in litchi growth period with pruning, every 7 days to litchiCarry out pinching, bud picking, smear branch, to keep the height of tree to be controlled in 2.5m, crown diameter is controlled at 2.0mIn.
Preferably, described growth regulatory substance is the mixed solution of 1% morphactin and 5% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, spraySpill 10g/ strain.
Preferably, described physical control refers to that every 4 hectares are installed a frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) obtain and downgrade lichee plant with the dwarfing rootstock of Sapindaceae by grafting, by carving bud, pluckingThe heart, bud picking and smear branch and prune and obtain two layer of seven major branch and postpone happy shape tree crown, light efficiency is high, easily obtainsResult morning and the high high-quality lichee of output;
(2) wormcast has good lasting fertility, aeration and water-retaining property as soil fertilizer, and nutrient is completeFace and being very easily absorbed by plants, has very large promotion to lichee plant Fast Growth, prematurity result and doesWith;
(3) by the speed of growth to trunk girdling control trunk, by crossing prosperous growth major branch or side shootThe growth of the each major branch of girdling control or side shoot in step;
(4), by spraying growth regulatory substance, in impelling lichee plant to downgrade, promoted side shoot sideThe growth of bud;
(5) adopt the mode of double-deck covering with plastic film, both ensured the persistence of soil fertility, also improvedLight reflectivity, for lichee precocity fruiting and high yield have been established material base.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but do not limit of the present inventionPractical range.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) grafting
A, stock are selected: select manaca stock or shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock without disease and pest life in 1 year, kind litchiBranch or shiny-leaved yellowhorn and chicken mouth lichee all belong to Sapindaceae, high with chicken mouth litchi graft survival rate, and kind litchiThe height of branch or shiny-leaved yellowhorn tree is between 2~5 meters, and the height of chicken mouth litchi can reach 10 meters, manaca stockOr shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock and the grafting of chicken mouth lichee branch, can obtain downgrade chicken mouth lichee plant, the every strain of stockAverage limb is up to 25cm, and limb rugosity is 30mm, can support preferably scion healing formation with itPlant result, first about 10 days of scion grafting, by manaca stock or shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock bottom far from ground 8cmAbove branch cuts off;
B, scion select: select chicken mouth litchi branch bar without disease and pest life in 1 year as scion, rugosity is3mm, adopt whip grafting with the mode grafting of cleft grafting on manaca stock or shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock;
Nursery stock management after C, grafting: after grafting, nursery stock management is observed once after referring to grafting every other week, will downgradeTwig on stock is all pruned, and when grafting is up to 50cm,, can go out garden when the thick 1.0cm of stem the left and rightField planting.
(2) field planting
A, soil selection and management: select the soil that wind sheltering is to the south, irrigation and drainage good, the soil is porous, andMore than the maintenance active soil stratum degree of depth reaches 30cm;
B, field planting are prepared: carry out field planting by the cultivation mode of the little spacing in the rows of duplicate rows wide row space, and field planting line-spacing 3.0m,Spacing in the rows 2.5m, plants plant hole length and width 80cm, and dark 50cm, by rectangular arranged setting, applies soil fertilizer;
C, plantation: the seedling planting grafting, in kind of plant hole, is watered to normal root water, until survive;
(3) rich water quality management
Execute thin executing as main taking duty, when within after field planting one month, branch terminal bud is sprouted, use sufficient taking animal dung as main additionalThe quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer, covering with plastic film, adopting rice straw, leaf, husk and fruit stone is that cladding material coversLid tree dish 5~10cm thickness;
When young sprout growth stops substantially, leaf look green applies foliage fertilizer time by red turning, and young sprout turns after green and appliesSoil fertilizer and foliage fertilizer are also executed, and described foliage fertilizer comprises 1.0% composite fertilizer, 0.4% urea, and 0.4% potassium chloride,2.0% calcium superphosphate, 0.35% magnesium sulfate;
(4) shaping and pruning
The pruning of A, earsh: the spring after field planting, gently short apart from trunk top 40cm from grafting pointCut fixed doing, making has 3~4 full buds under clip, and unnecessary bud is carried out to bud picking processing; Winter after fixed doingOr early spring litchi is pruned, selected 3 branches that are 120 ° of directions are main as ground floor growthBranch, Second Year is carved bud processing apart from ground floor growth major branch 40~60cm place summer, cultivates 4 and isThe branch of 90 ° of directions cultivate as second layer growth major branch and regulate each layer of position between major branch andDistance, makes tree crown be two layer of seven major branch and postpones happy shape, and reduce major branch level, thereby improve illumination condition,Improve light efficiency; In litchi growth period, every 7 days, litchi is carried out pinching, bud picking, smearedBranch, keeps the height of tree to be controlled at the needs that meet field planting line-spacing with this in 2.5m, avoids plant too high and mutualAffect its growth, limit the height of tree simultaneously and obtain its photosynthetic Assimilate consumption of lichee plant of downgradingLess in nourishing and growing of limb, and a large amount of nutrition is transported to fruit, easily obtains result early and outputHigh high-quality lichee, is controlled at crown diameter the needs that meet lichee dense planting spacing in the rows in 2.0m, avoidsProduction limited space between plant, dense planting improves land utilization ratio as far as possible;
The pruning of B, firstfruits tree: after chicken mouth lichee result, adopt girding control tree crown, asThe prosperous length of tree vigo(u)r, trunk is thick and fruitful branch Cheng Hualiang does not reach 2/3 o'clock, carries out girdling to center is dry, if certainMajor branch or collateral generation are excessively prosperous, this major branch or side shoot are carried out to girdling, or a little less than brachyplast employing is stayed to base portionBud cutting back, guarantees that each major branch or side shoot generate in step;
The pruning of C, trees in richful production period: fruit harvesting carries out cutting back or wipe out overstocked friendship in winter after 20 daysFork branch group;
(5) spray: in earsh growth period, blade sprays growth regulatory substance, institute while reaching 8~12Stating growth regulatory substance is 8% ethephon solution, sprays 8g/ strain;
(6) control of disease and pest: adopt the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of physical control method, install for every 4 hectaresFrequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping.
The chicken mouth litchi height of tree of cultural method plantation of the present invention is controlled between 2.0~2.5 meters, and tree crown is straightFootpath is between 1.8~2.0 meters, and mu is planted 88 strains, and production time has done sth. in advance 10~12 than passing lichee system cultural methodIndividual month, early stage average strain was produced 6~8 kilograms.
Embodiment 2:
According to the chicken mouth lichee Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method of embodiment 1, described animal dung replaces with wormcast,Described covering with plastic film comprises two-layer, and it is covering material that ground floor adopts rice straw, leaf, husk and fruit stoneMaterial overlay tree dish 5~10cm thickness, the second layer adopts the silvery reflection film that thickness is 0.01~0.02mm to coverCover above ground floor cladding material, and cover the front herbicide spraying of second layer mulch film.
Wormcast can calcination plant under any concentration root system, can need to execute as far as possible according to plantAdd, wormcast surface area is large, has and absorbs and keep the ability of nutriment, in wormcast, be rich in bacterium,Actinomyces and fungi, making macromolecular material mineralising is the active principle that is easy to absorption, adopts wormcast to doFor soil fertilizer has good lasting fertility, aeration and water-retaining property, nutrient is inhaled by plant comprehensively and very easilyReceive, lichee plant Fast Growth, prematurity result are had to very large facilitation; Adopt double-deck coveringThe mode of mulch film, ground floor covers by organic waste, has improved the comprehensive utilization of organic waste,Increased the organic matter of soil, be beneficial to the growth of litchi root system, can stablize soil temperature, the second layer is adopted simultaneouslyThe silvery reflection film that is 0.01~0.02mm with thickness, suitable thickness ensures that film has good air-tightness,Use silvery reflection film can make blade 15%~20% the utilizing emitted lights that obtain of plant middle and lower part more, increase than open countryAdd the light quantity of 4~5 times, the photosynthesis of plant strengthens, and promotes the accumulation of dry, postpones plant senesecencePhase, for lichee precocity fruiting and high yield have been established material base. The chicken mouth litchi of cultural method plantation of the present inventionBranch production time has been done sth. in advance 12~15 months than passing lichee system cultural method, and early stage average strain is produced 9~12 kilograms.
Embodiment 3:
According to the chicken mouth lichee Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method of embodiment 2, described field planting line-spacing 2.5m, spacing in the rows2.0m, described growth regulatory substance is the mixed solution of 1% morphactin and 5% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, sprays 10g/ strain.
Spray ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid can make plant downgrade, resistance strengthen, early yield increase, excessive concentration exceptPlant strain growth inhibition ability is strengthened, also can cause the underproduction, concentration is too low to be affected plant dwarfing effectLittle; Morphactin is the plant growth regulator harmless to people, animal, and alone morphactin can delay declining of plantAlways, also can delay Flowering and fruiting simultaneously; 1% morphactin mixes and applies than alone ethene with 5% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acidProfit volume increase more than 30%, improves the quality of fruit, can also control the chicken mouth lichee height of tree between 2.0~2.2 meters,Crown diameter, between 1.8~2.0 meters, is therefore taked field planting line-spacing 2.5m, and spacing in the rows 2.0m can plant 133 by muStrain, improves land utilization ratio, and the chicken mouth lichee production time of the method plantation is than traditional culture methodEarly stage average strain is produced 12~15 kilograms.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to description and enforcement sideListed utilization in formula, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for being familiar with abilityThe personnel in territory, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviate from claim and etc. homotypeEnclose under limited universal, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the reality of describingExecute example.
Claims (9)
1. chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied a cultural method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) grafting
A, stock are selected: select the Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock without disease and pest life in 1~2 year, every strain is averageLimb is up to 25cm, and limb rugosity is 30~40mm, and first about 10 days of scion grafting, by described SapindaceaeDwarfing rootstock bottom cuts off far from branch more than ground 6~8cm;
B, scion select: select chicken mouth litchi branch bar without disease and pest life in 1 year as scion, rugosity is3~9mm, adopt whip grafting with the mode grafting of cleft grafting to described Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock;
Nursery stock management after C, grafting;
(2) field planting
A, soil selection and management: select the soil that wind sheltering is to the south, irrigation and drainage good, the soil is porous, andMore than the maintenance active soil stratum degree of depth reaches 30cm;
B, field planting are prepared: carry out field planting by the cultivation mode of the little spacing in the rows of duplicate rows wide row space, plant plant hole length and width60~80cm, dark 40~50cm, by rectangle or different line interlacing spread configuration, applies soil fertilizer;
C, plantation: the seedling planting grafting, in kind of plant hole, is watered to normal root water, until survive;
(3) rich water quality management
Execute thin executing as main taking duty, when within after field planting one month, branch terminal bud is sprouted, use sufficient soil fertilizer, covering with plastic film,When young sprout growth stops substantially, leaf look green applies foliage fertilizer time by red turning, and young sprout turns after green and is manured into soilFertilizer and foliage fertilizer are also executed;
(4) shaping and pruning
The pruning of A, earsh: the spring after field planting, gently short apart from trunk top 40cm from grafting pointCut fixed doing, making has 3~4 full buds under clip, and unnecessary bud is carried out to bud picking processing; Winter after fixed doingOr early spring litchi is pruned, selected 3 branches that are 120 ° of directions are main as ground floor growthBranch, Second Year is carved bud processing apart from ground floor growth major branch 40~60cm place summer, cultivates 4 and isThe branch of 90 ° of directions cultivate as second layer growth major branch and regulate each layer of position between major branch andDistance, makes tree crown be two layer of seven major branch and postpones happy shape;
The pruning of B, firstfruits tree: after chicken mouth lichee result, adopt girding control tree crown, as treeThe prosperous length of gesture, trunk is thick and fruitful branch Cheng Hualiang does not reach 2/3 o'clock, carries out girdling, if certain is main to center is dryBranch or collateral generation are excessively prosperous, this major branch or side shoot are carried out to girdling, or brachyplast is adopted and stays bud a little less than base portionCutting back, guarantees that each major branch or side shoot generate in step;
The pruning of C, trees in richful production period: fruit harvesting carries out cutting back or wipe out overstocked friendship in winter after 20 daysFork branch group;
(5) spray: in earsh growth period, blade sprays growth regulatory substance while reaching 8~12;
(6) control of disease and pest: adopt the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of physical control method.
2. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described Sapindaceae dwarfing rootstock is manaca stock or shiny-leaved yellowhorn stock.
3. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,After described grafting, nursery stock management is observed once after referring to grafting every other week, and the twig on dwarfing rootstock is all repaiiedCut, when grafting is up to 50cm,, can go out garden field planting when the thick 1.0cm of stem the left and right.
4. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described field planting line-spacing 2.5~3.0m, spacing in the rows 2.0~2.5m.
5. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,The soil fertilizer of described rich water quality management is the quick-acting fertilizer taking bio-fertilizer as main additional nitrogenous fertilizer, and described bio-fertilizer is earthwormEarthworm excrement; Described foliage fertilizer comprises 0.8%~1.2% composite fertilizer, 0.3%~0.5% urea, 0.3%~0.5% chlorinationPotassium, 1.5%~2.5% calcium superphosphate, 0.2%~0.5% magnesium sulfate.
6. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described covering with plastic film comprises two-layer, and it is covering material that ground floor adopts rice straw, leaf, husk and fruit stoneMaterial overlay tree dish 5~10cm thickness, the second layer adopts the silvery reflection film that thickness is 0.01~0.02mm to coverCover above ground floor cladding material herbicide spraying before described covering with plastic film.
7. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described shaping is also included in litchi growth period with pruning, every 7 days to litchi carry out pinching, bud picking,Smear branch, to keep the height of tree to be controlled in 2.5m, crown diameter is controlled in 2.0m.
8. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described growth regulatory substance is the mixed solution of 1% morphactin and 5% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, sprays 10g/ strain.
9. chicken mouth lichee according to claim 1 is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method, it is characterized in that,Described physical control refers to that every 4 hectares are installed a frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping.
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CN103609381A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-05 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings |
CN103621321A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-12 | 黄宗威 | Litchi grafting method |
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