CN106386329A - High-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi - Google Patents

High-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi Download PDF

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CN106386329A
CN106386329A CN201610755414.4A CN201610755414A CN106386329A CN 106386329 A CN106386329 A CN 106386329A CN 201610755414 A CN201610755414 A CN 201610755414A CN 106386329 A CN106386329 A CN 106386329A
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litchi
grafting
branch
scion
high yield
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杨胜
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/42Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00Calcareous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23Solutions

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi (having small chicken-mouth-like litchi seeds). The high-yield early-fruiting cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) grafting: A, rootstock selection: a step of selecting an annual strong Sanyuehong litchi (being mature in late March) seedling without diseases and pests as a rootstock; B, scion selection: a step of selecting a branch of an annual strong Jizui litchi seedling without diseases and pests as a scion, and before grafting, placing the scion in impregnation liquid and carrying out soaking for 2 to 3 h; and C, grafting: a step of carrying out grafting in a manner of cleft grafting by adopting a scion grafting method, smearing a healing agent on a graft union after grafting, and carrying out wrapping with a silver reflector thin film so as to obtain a grafted seedling; 2) seedling raising: a step of placing the grafted seedling into a seedling raising greenhouse, and controlling the seedling raising greenhouse with a temperature of 20 to 25 DEG C, a humidity of 65 to 70% and an illumination intensity of 1800 to 2000 Lux; 3) field planting; 4) field management; and 5) management in the fruiting period: the following step is included: spraying a first foliar fertilizer for the whole plant for once in the Jizui litchi growth period. The high-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for the Jizui litchi provided by the invention has the advantages of early fruiting, rapid production, high yield, good quality, significant economic benefits, etc.

Description

Chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture field.It is more particularly related to a breeder mouth lichee high yield early knot cultivation Method.
Background technology
Chicken mouth litchi is the famous-brand and high-quality precious Litchi Varieties in Guangxi, and the litchi fruits of this kind are big, the thick tasty and refreshing, core of meat is little such as Pearl, dry and comfortable after peeling, cannot not drop to the ground viscously sand, and it is good to eat that taste is fresh and sweet, because its core little like Ji Zui, so gaining the name, have widely Promotion prospect.But existing cultivation method for beak-shaped litchis needs the cultivation of 8-10 could enter high yield period, also there is Time To Market Later, the shortcomings of yield poorly.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solution at least the above, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of result is early, yield is high, quality better chicken mouth lichee high yield early plant by knot Culture method.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided a breeder mouth lichee high yield early knot cultivation Method, including:
1) grafting
A, Root-stock selection:Give birth to the March red litchi seedlings of stalwartness no disease and pests harm from 1 year as stock, first 10 days left sides of grafting The right side, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings, the limb away from more than ground 15-20cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;
B, scion select:From 1 year raw stalwartness no disease and pests harm chicken mouth litchi seedlings branch as scion, before grafting, will Described scion is placed in immersion 2-3h in maceration extract, obtains grafting scion;
C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described grafting scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Smear renovation agent in graft union afterwards, and with silvery reflection film parcel, obtain grafting;
2) nursery
Described grafting is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, controls the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse to be 20-25 DEG C, humidity is 65-70%, light It is 1800-2000Lux according to intensity, cultivates and survive, take out young sprout to scion, obtain cultivation seedling;
3) it is colonized
By described cultivation transplantation of seedlings to Litchi Garden, it is colonized in kind of plant hole, plants and smash, pour root water;
4) field management:It includes rich water quality management, shaping and pruning, weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if described field management No specified otherwise, uniform conventional cultivation method is consistent;
5) fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first foliage fertilizer once, described first foliage fertilizer Main calcium acetate, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water by weight 3:2:2:8:100 are formulated.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described maceration extract is mainly by by weight The following raw material forms:0.6 part of brassin lactones, 0.4 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.4 part of seaweeds, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and semen litchi extract Liquid 35-50 part, wherein, described litchi nucleus extract fluid, it is by after the semen litchi pulverizing of 10 weight portions, is placed in 80-100 weight portion Water in, after 75 DEG C of refluxing extraction 2 times, filter, be obtained.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described renovation agent is mainly by by weight The following raw material forms:35 parts of yellow mud, 40 parts of aloe juice, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of sweet wormwood powder, 3 parts of garlic powder, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.8 Part and 0.4 part of brassin lactones.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described rich water quality management, and it includes:
A, earsh management, are applied based on thin applying with duty, are colonized the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies 0.1- The instant nitrogenousfertilizer of 0.15kg, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.5-0.6kg, when blade is complete When entirely turning green, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.7-0.8kg, from field planting the 2nd year, depending on treelet size, annual dose was relatively Last year increases 30-45%, and wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is made up of the following raw material by weight:100 parts of water, bamboo vinegar powder 8-10 part, polyethylene glycol 5-8 part, polyglutamic acid 4-6 part, enzymolysis oyster digested tankage 2-3 part, seaweeds 1-2 part, urea 0.5-0.7 Part, potassium chloride 0.3-0.4 part, calcium superphosphate 0.3-0.4 part and Choline Chloride 0.3-0.5 part;
B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, and after blossom fall, 10-15 Tiangeng applies strong fruit Fertilizer, applies fertile before adopting for 7-10 days before fruit picking.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described shaping and pruning, and it includes:
A, the pruning of earsh:After field planting, break the tip when young sprout length is to 20-25cm, promotes axillary bud sprouting, and retaining 3 is in The healthy and strong axillary bud growth in 120 ° of directions, forms the first limb;After the disconnected tip when young sprout length is to 25-30cm, carry out second disconnected tip, Promote axillary bud sprouting, retain 3 healthy and strong axillary bud growths in 120 ° of directions, form the second limb, make tree crown be in umbrella-shaped structure;
B, the pruning of bearing-age tree:10-15 days after fruit picking, cutting back result branch, wipe out weak branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, side Sleeping branch, intersection branch and the branch of excessive growth, make branch be evenly distributed;In litchi growth period, eugonic to litchi every 15 days Branch carries out cutting back, carried out pinching, bud picking every 7 days to litchi and smears branch.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, and carries out site preparation before described field planting, During site preparation, every mu of compound organic fertilizer applying 5000-6000 kilogram, carry out deep ploughing after raking and dig, flatten, digging kind of a plant hole, institute The line-spacing stating kind of plant hole is 4-4.5m, and hill spacing is 3-3.5m.
Preferably, described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, in the row interplant spring sand of kind of plant hole Benevolence, and fructus amomi is 1 with the planting proportion of chicken mouth lichee:4-6.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect:
Firstth, by scion is placed in immersion in soak, in graft union film renovation agent and nursery under given conditions Culture, can effectively prevent the Cambial activation running off and having additional nutrients, promote scion and stock of scion wound moisture and nutrient, Strengthen the affinity of litchi graft, promote graft union healing, significantly improve surviving of chicken mouth lichee branch grafting March red lichee Rate;
Secondth, by spraying the first foliage fertilizer in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, the nutrition of litchi can be increased and improve litchi Photosynthesis, promote chicken mouth litchi fruits to expand, the yield significantly improving chicken mouth lichee and the quality improving chicken mouth lichee;
3rd, pass through to add bamboo vinegar powder, enzymolysis oyster digested tankage, seaweeds and polyglutamic acid in the second foliage fertilizer, make leaf The comprehensive nutrition of leaven and being easily absorbed by plants moreover it is possible to effectively prevent the pest and disease damage of earsh, improves the photosynthesis of blade, Make earsh fast-growth;
4th, by pruning to litchi, the tree crown making litchi is in umbrella-shaped structure, and the height of tree and crown diameter control In 2.5m, it is remarkably improved the photosynthetic efficiency of litchi, increases the yield of chicken mouth litchi, and be easy to manage;
5th, the row interplant fructus amomi in litchi, the fruiting period weight of the florescence of one side fructus amomi and litchi are passed through Folded, the pungent that fructus amomi flower produces can effectively prevent the insect pest of litchi, so that litchi fruiting period is not applied or Shaoshi agriculture Medicine, improves the quality of chicken mouth litchi, and on the other hand interplanting fructus amomi can improve land utilization ratio, increases orchard worker's income;
6th, compared with existing cultural method, the present invention has that result is early, it is fast to go into operation, yield height, quality better, economical imitate The advantages of benefit is notable.
Part is embodied by the further advantage of the present invention, target and feature by description below, and part also will be by this Invention research and practice and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be noted that experimental technique described in following embodiments, if no special instructions, it is conventional method, described Reagent and material, if no special instructions, all commercially obtain.
Embodiment 1:
One breeder mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, including:
1) grafting
A, Root-stock selection:Give birth to the March red litchi seedlings of stalwartness no disease and pests harm from 1 year as stock, first 10 days left sides of grafting The right side, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings, the limb away from more than ground 15cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;
B, scion select:From 1 year raw stalwartness no disease and pests harm chicken mouth litchi seedlings branch as scion, before grafting, will Described scion is placed in immersion 2h in maceration extract, obtains grafting scion;
C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described grafting scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Smear renovation agent in graft union afterwards, and with silvery reflection film parcel, obtain grafting;
2) nursery
Described grafting is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, controls the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse to be 20-25 DEG C, humidity is 65-70%, light It is 1800Lux according to intensity, cultivates and survive, take out young sprout to scion, obtain cultivation seedling;
3) it is colonized
By described cultivation transplantation of seedlings to Litchi Garden, it is colonized in kind of plant hole, plants and smash, pour root water;
4) field management:It includes rich water quality management, shaping and pruning, weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if described field management No specified otherwise, uniform conventional cultivation method is consistent;
5) fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first foliage fertilizer once, described first foliage fertilizer Main calcium acetate, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water by weight 3:2:2:8:100 are formulated.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described maceration extract is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:0.6 part of brassin lactones, 0.4 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.4 part of seaweeds, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 35 parts of litchi nucleus extract fluid, its In, described litchi nucleus extract fluid, it is by after the semen litchi pulverizing of 10 weight portions, is placed in the water of 80 weight portions, returns through 75 DEG C After stream extracts 2 times, filter, be obtained.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described renovation agent is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:35 parts of yellow mud, 40 parts of aloe juice, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of sweet wormwood powder, 3 parts of garlic powder, 0.8 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and brassin 0.4 part of lactones.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described rich water quality management, and it includes:
A, earsh management, are applied based on thin applying with duty, are colonized the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies 0.1kg Instant nitrogenousfertilizer, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.5kg, when blade turns green completely, often Strain sprays second foliage fertilizer of 0.7kg, and from field planting the 2nd year, depending on treelet size, annual dose increases 30-45% compared with last year, Wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is made up of the following raw material by weight:100 parts of water, 8 parts of bamboo vinegar powder, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 4 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2 parts of oyster digested tankage of enzymolysis, 1 part of seaweeds, 0.5 part of urea, 0.3 part of potassium chloride, 0.3 part of calcium superphosphate and chlorine Change 0.3 part of choline;
B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, 10 Tiangengs apply fruit-promoting fertilizer after blossom fall, It is fertile before fruit picking applies and adopts for first 7 days.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described shaping and pruning, and it includes:
A, the pruning of earsh:After field planting, break the tip when young sprout length is to 20-25cm, promotes axillary bud sprouting, and retaining 3 is in The healthy and strong axillary bud growth in 120 ° of directions, forms the first limb;After the disconnected tip when young sprout length is to 25-30cm, carry out second disconnected tip, Promote axillary bud sprouting, retain 3 healthy and strong axillary bud growths in 120 ° of directions, form the second limb, make tree crown be in umbrella-shaped structure;
B, the pruning of bearing-age tree:10 days after fruit picking, cutting back result branch, wipe out weak branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, lie on one's side Branch, intersection branch and the branch of excessive growth, make branch be evenly distributed;In litchi growth period, every 15 days to litchi eugonic branch Bar carries out cutting back, carried out pinching, bud picking every 7 days to litchi and smears branch.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, and carries out site preparation, during site preparation, often before described field planting Mu applies 5000 kilograms of compound organic fertilizer, carries out deep ploughing and dig, flatten, digging kind of a plant hole, the line-spacing of described kind of plant hole after raking For 4m, hill spacing is 3m.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, in the row interplant fructus amomi of kind of plant hole, and spring sand Benevolence is 1 with the planting proportion of chicken mouth lichee:6.
Embodiment 2:
One breeder mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, including:
1) grafting
A, Root-stock selection:Give birth to the March red litchi seedlings of stalwartness no disease and pests harm from 1 year as stock, first 10 days left sides of grafting The right side, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings, the limb away from more than ground 18cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;
B, scion select:From 1 year raw stalwartness no disease and pests harm chicken mouth litchi seedlings branch as scion, before grafting, will Described scion is placed in immersion 2.5h in maceration extract, obtains grafting scion;
C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described grafting scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Smear renovation agent in graft union afterwards, and with silvery reflection film parcel, obtain grafting;
2) nursery
Described grafting is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, controls the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse to be 20-25 DEG C, humidity is 65-70%, light It is 1900Lux according to intensity, cultivates and survive, take out young sprout to scion, obtain cultivation seedling;
3) it is colonized
By described cultivation transplantation of seedlings to Litchi Garden, it is colonized in kind of plant hole, plants and smash, pour root water;
4) field management:It includes rich water quality management, shaping and pruning, weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if described field management No specified otherwise, uniform conventional cultivation method is consistent;
5) fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first foliage fertilizer once, described first foliage fertilizer Main calcium acetate, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water by weight 3:2:2:8:100 are formulated.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described maceration extract is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:0.6 part of brassin lactones, 0.4 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.4 part of seaweeds, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 42 parts of litchi nucleus extract fluid, its In, described litchi nucleus extract fluid, it is by after the semen litchi pulverizing of 10 weight portions, is placed in the water of 90 weight portions, returns through 75 DEG C After stream extracts 2 times, filter, be obtained.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described renovation agent is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:35 parts of yellow mud, 40 parts of aloe juice, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of sweet wormwood powder, 3 parts of garlic powder, 0.8 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and brassin 0.4 part of lactones.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described rich water quality management, and it includes:
A, earsh management, are applied based on thin applying with duty, are colonized the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies 0.12kg Instant nitrogenousfertilizer, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.55kg, when blade turns green completely, Every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.75kg, from field planting the 2nd year, depending on treelet size, annual dose increased 30- compared with last year 45%, wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is made up of the following raw material by weight:100 parts of water, 9 parts of bamboo vinegar powder, polyethylene glycol 6.5 parts, 5 parts of polyglutamic acid, enzymolysis 2.5 parts of oyster digested tankage, 2.5 parts of seaweeds, 0.6 part of urea, 0.35 part of potassium chloride, peroxophosphoric acid 0.35 part of calcium and 0.4 part of Choline Chloride;
B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, 12 Tiangengs apply fruit-promoting fertilizer after blossom fall, It is fertile before fruit picking applies and adopts for first 8 days.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described shaping and pruning, and it includes:
A, the pruning of earsh:After field planting, break the tip when young sprout length is to 20-25cm, promotes axillary bud sprouting, and retaining 3 is in The healthy and strong axillary bud growth in 120 ° of directions, forms the first limb;After the disconnected tip when young sprout length is to 25-30cm, carry out second disconnected tip, Promote axillary bud sprouting, retain 3 healthy and strong axillary bud growths in 120 ° of directions, form the second limb, make tree crown be in umbrella-shaped structure;
B, the pruning of bearing-age tree:12 days after fruit picking, cutting back result branch, wipe out weak branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, lie on one's side Branch, intersection branch and the branch of excessive growth, make branch be evenly distributed;In litchi growth period, every 15 days to litchi eugonic branch Bar carries out cutting back, carried out pinching, bud picking every 7 days to litchi and smears branch.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, and carries out site preparation, during site preparation, often before described field planting Mu applies 5500 kilograms of compound organic fertilizer, carries out deep ploughing and dig, flatten, digging kind of a plant hole, the line-spacing of described kind of plant hole after raking For 4.2m, hill spacing is 3.2m.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, in the row interplant fructus amomi of kind of plant hole, and spring sand Benevolence is 1 with the planting proportion of chicken mouth lichee:5.
Embodiment 3:
One breeder mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, including:
1) grafting
A, Root-stock selection:Give birth to the March red litchi seedlings of stalwartness no disease and pests harm from 1 year as stock, first 10 days left sides of grafting The right side, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings, the limb away from more than ground 20cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;
B, scion select:From 1 year raw stalwartness no disease and pests harm chicken mouth litchi seedlings branch as scion, before grafting, will Described scion is placed in immersion 3h in maceration extract, obtains grafting scion;
C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described grafting scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Smear renovation agent in graft union afterwards, and with silvery reflection film parcel, obtain grafting;
2) nursery
Described grafting is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, controls the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse to be 20-25 DEG C, humidity is 65-70%, light It is 2000Lux according to intensity, cultivates and survive, take out young sprout to scion, obtain cultivation seedling;
3) it is colonized
By described cultivation transplantation of seedlings to Litchi Garden, it is colonized in kind of plant hole, plants and smash, pour root water;
4) field management:It includes rich water quality management, shaping and pruning, weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if described field management No specified otherwise, uniform conventional cultivation method is consistent;
5) fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first foliage fertilizer once, described first foliage fertilizer Main calcium acetate, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water by weight 3:2:2:8:100 are formulated.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described maceration extract is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:0.6 part of brassin lactones, 0.4 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.4 part of seaweeds, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 50 parts of litchi nucleus extract fluid, its In, described litchi nucleus extract fluid, it is by after the semen litchi pulverizing of 10 weight portions, is placed in the water of 100 weight portions, returns through 75 DEG C After stream extracts 2 times, filter, be obtained.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, and described renovation agent is mainly by the following raw material group by weight Become:35 parts of yellow mud, 40 parts of aloe juice, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of sweet wormwood powder, 3 parts of garlic powder, 0.8 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and brassin 0.4 part of lactones.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described rich water quality management, and it includes:
A, earsh management, are applied based on thin applying with duty, are colonized the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies 0.15kg Instant nitrogenousfertilizer, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.6kg, when blade turns green completely, often Strain sprays second foliage fertilizer of 0.8kg, and from field planting the 2nd year, depending on treelet size, annual dose increases 30-45% compared with last year, Wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is made up of the following raw material by weight:100 parts of water, 10 parts of bamboo vinegar powder, 8 parts of polyethylene glycol, 6 parts of polyglutamic acid, 3 parts of oyster digested tankage of enzymolysis, 2 parts of seaweeds, 0.7 part of urea, 0.4 part of potassium chloride, 0.4 part of calcium superphosphate and chlorine Change 0.5 part of choline;
B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, 15 Tiangengs apply fruit-promoting fertilizer after blossom fall, It is fertile before fruit picking applies and adopts for first 10 days.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, described shaping and pruning, and it includes:
A, the pruning of earsh:After field planting, break the tip when young sprout length is to 20-25cm, promotes axillary bud sprouting, and retaining 3 is in The healthy and strong axillary bud growth in 120 ° of directions, forms the first limb;After the disconnected tip when young sprout length is to 25-30cm, carry out second disconnected tip, Promote axillary bud sprouting, retain 3 healthy and strong axillary bud growths in 120 ° of directions, form the second limb, make tree crown be in umbrella-shaped structure;
B, the pruning of bearing-age tree:15 days after fruit picking, cutting back result branch, wipe out weak branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, lie on one's side Branch, intersection branch and the branch of excessive growth, make branch be evenly distributed;In litchi growth period, every 15 days to litchi eugonic branch Bar carries out cutting back, carried out pinching, bud picking every 7 days to litchi and smears branch.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, and carries out site preparation, during site preparation, often before described field planting Mu applies 6000 kilograms of compound organic fertilizer, carries out deep ploughing and dig, flatten, digging kind of a plant hole, the line-spacing of described kind of plant hole after raking For 4.5m, hill spacing is 3.5m.
Described chicken mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method, also includes, in the row interplant fructus amomi of kind of plant hole, and spring sand Benevolence is 1 with the planting proportion of chicken mouth lichee:4.
Embodiment 4:
On the basis of embodiment 3, the step of described grafting is:A, Root-stock selection:From the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of life in 1 year March red litchi seedlings as stock, grafting first 10 days about, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings away from ground The limb of more than 20cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;B, scion select:From the chicken mouth litchi seedlings giving birth to stalwartness no disease and pests harm for 1 year Branch is as scion;C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Use silvery reflection film to wrap up afterwards, obtain grafting;Remaining operating procedure and operating condition are with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described nursery is:Described grafting is placed in field, cultivates under natural conditions;Its With operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 6:
On the basis of embodiment 3, the step of described grafting is:A, Root-stock selection:From the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of life in 1 year March red litchi seedlings as stock, grafting first 10 days about, root applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and by red for described March litchi seedlings away from ground The limb of more than 20cm cuts off, and obtains graft stock;B, scion select:From the chicken mouth litchi seedlings giving birth to stalwartness no disease and pests harm for 1 year Branch is as scion;C, grafting:Whip grafting is adopted in the way of cleft grafting, described scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, grafting Use silvery reflection film to wrap up afterwards, obtain grafting;Described nursery is:Described grafting is placed in field, trains under natural conditions Support;It is with operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 7:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first blade face Once, the main calcium acetate of described first foliage fertilizer, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water are by weight 3 for fertilizer:3:2:8: 100 are formulated;It is with operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 8:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first blade face Once, the main calcium acetate of described first foliage fertilizer, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water are by weight 3 for fertilizer:3:3:8: 100 are formulated;It is with operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 9:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described rich water quality management, it includes:A, earsh management, apply based on thin applying with duty, fixed Plant the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies the instant nitrogenousfertilizer of 0.15kg, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant spray Apply second foliage fertilizer of 0.6kg, when blade turns green completely, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.8kg, from field planting the 2nd year, Depending on treelet size, annual dose increases 30-45% compared with last year, and wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is as follows by by weight Raw material forms:100 parts of water, 8 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.7 part of urea, 0.4 part of potassium chloride, 0.4 part of calcium superphosphate and Choline Chloride 0.5 Part;B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, 15 Tiangengs apply fruit-promoting fertilizer after blossom fall, in fruit picking Apply within first 10 days and adopt front fertilizer;It is with operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 10:
On the basis of embodiment 3, make cultivation seedling from sturdy uniform, disease-free chicken mouth lichee seedling (seedling); It is with operating procedure and operating condition with embodiment 3.
Comparative example 1:
The grafting and method for culturing seedlings of the present invention impact to grafting shoot survival percent, result are further illustrated by comparative example 1 See table.
Group Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Embodiment 6
Survival rate (%) 89.7 68.2 69.6 55.8
As seen from the above table, the grafting of the present invention and method for culturing seedlings are all remarkably improved the survival rate of grafting, and it has Cooperative effect, grafting shoot survival percent reaches as high as 89.7%.
Comparative example 2:
By the cultural method that comparative example 2 further illustrates the present invention, chicken mouth lichee is reached with the time of high yield, high yield is worked as Annual yield, the impact of average Time To Market, result see table.
Group Reach the time (year) of high yield Average product (kg/ strain) Average Time To Market (moon. day)
Embodiment 3 5 56.4 5.25
Embodiment 7 5 44.5 5.26
Embodiment 8 5 43.1 5.25
Embodiment 9 7 52.2 5.28
Embodiment 10 8 53.8 7.2
As seen from the above table, the cultural method of the present invention can be by the 3 years in advance high yield period of chicken mouth lichee, and strain is produced highest and can be improved 13.3kg, Time To Market can shift to an earlier date 38 days earliest.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification, therefore under the universal being limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention does not limit In specific details.

Claims (7)

1. a breeder mouth lichee high yield early ties cultural method it is characterised in that including:
1) grafting
A, Root-stock selection:Give birth to the March red litchi seedlings of stalwartness no disease and pests harm from 1 year as stock, grafting first 10 days about, root Apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and the limb away from more than ground 15-20cm cuts off by red for described March litchi seedlings, obtains graft stock;
B, scion select:From 1 year raw stalwartness no disease and pests harm chicken mouth litchi seedlings branch as scion, before grafting, will be described Scion is placed in immersion 2-3h in maceration extract, obtains grafting scion;
C, grafting:Adopt whip grafting in the way of cleft grafting, described grafting scion to be grafted onto on described graft stock, after grafting Graft union smears renovation agent, and with silvery reflection film parcel, obtains grafting;
2) nursery
Described grafting is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, the temperature in control seedling growth greenhouse is 20-25 DEG C, humidity is 65-70%, illumination is strong Spend for 1800-2000Lux, cultivate and survive, take out young sprout to scion, obtain cultivation seedling;
3) it is colonized
By described cultivation transplantation of seedlings to Litchi Garden, it is colonized in kind of plant hole, plants and smash, pour root water;
4) field management:It includes rich water quality management, shaping and pruning, weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
5) fruiting period management:It includes in the chicken mouth litchi growth stage, and whole strain sprays the first foliage fertilizer once, and described first foliage fertilizer is main Calcium acetate, nano selenium fertilizer, chelated zinc, Choline Chloride and water by weight 3:2:2:8:100 are formulated.
2. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 1 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that described maceration extract is mainly by pressing The following raw material composition of weight portion meter:0.6 part of brassin lactones, 0.4 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.4 part of seaweeds, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and Litchi nucleus extract fluid 35-50 part, wherein, described litchi nucleus extract fluid, it is by after the semen litchi pulverizing of 10 weight portions, is placed in In the water of 80-100 weight portion, after 75 DEG C of refluxing extraction 2 times, filter, be obtained.
3. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 1 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that described renovation agent is mainly by pressing The following raw material composition of weight portion meter:35 parts of yellow mud, 40 parts of aloe juice, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of sweet wormwood powder, garlic powder 3 Part, 0.8 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and 0.4 part of brassin lactones.
4. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 1 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that described rich water quality management, and it wraps Include:
A, earsh management, are applied based on thin applying with duty, are colonized the 1st year, when branch terminal bud is sprouted, every plant of root applies 0.1-0.15kg Instant nitrogenousfertilizer, when leaf color by red turn light green when, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.5-0.6kg, when blade turns green completely When, every plant of second foliage fertilizer spraying 0.7-0.8kg, from field planting the 2nd year, depending on treelet size, annual dose increased compared with last year Plus 30-45%, wherein, described second foliage fertilizer is made up of the following raw material by weight:100 parts of water, bamboo vinegar powder 8-10 part, Polyethylene glycol 5-8 part, polyglutamic acid 4-6 part, enzymolysis oyster digested tankage 2-3 part, seaweeds 1-2 part, urea 0.5-0.7 part, chlorination Potassium 0.3-0.4 part, calcium superphosphate 0.3-0.4 part and Choline Chloride 0.3-0.5 part;
B, bearing-age tree management, it includes, and applies Hua Qianfei in annual late December root, 10-15 Tiangeng applies fruit-promoting fertilizer after blossom fall, Apply within 7-10 days before fruit picking and adopt front fertilizer.
5. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 1 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that described shaping and pruning, its Including:
A, the pruning of earsh:After field planting, break the tip when young sprout length is to 20-25cm, promotes axillary bud sprouting, retains 3 and is in 120 ° The healthy and strong axillary bud growth in direction, forms the first limb;After the disconnected tip when young sprout length is to 25-30cm, carry out second disconnected tip, promote Axillary bud sprouting, retains 3 healthy and strong axillary bud growths in 120 ° of directions, forms the second limb, make tree crown be in umbrella-shaped structure;
B, the pruning of bearing-age tree:10-15 days after fruit picking, cutting back result branch, wipe out weak branch, sick branch, overstocked branch, lie on one's side Branch, intersection branch and the branch of excessive growth, make branch be evenly distributed;In litchi growth period, every 15 days to litchi eugonic branch Bar carries out cutting back, carried out pinching, bud picking every 7 days to litchi and smears branch.
6. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 1 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that also including, in described field planting Before carry out site preparation, during site preparation, every mu of compound organic fertilizer applying 5000-6000 kilogram, carry out after raking deep ploughing dig, flatten, Dig kind of a plant hole, the line-spacing of described kind of plant hole is 4-4.5m, and hill spacing is 3-3.5m.
7. chicken mouth lichee high yield as claimed in claim 6 early ties cultural method it is characterised in that also including, in kind of plant hole Row interplant fructus amomi, and fructus amomi is 1 with the planting proportion of chicken mouth lichee:4-6.
CN201610755414.4A 2016-08-29 2016-08-29 High-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi Pending CN106386329A (en)

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CN107114176A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-09-01 陆川县巨丰种植园 A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of lichee
CN107125076A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-09-05 陆川县巨丰种植园 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of lichee
CN107182407A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-22 平南县颖绿龙眼种植专业合作社 A kind of method applied fertilizer in the high-yield culturing of lichee
CN107593249A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-01-19 罗荣棋 A kind of micronucleus osmanthus taste lichee high-yield planting technology
CN107801502A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-16 博白县富山水果种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of lichee
CN109197587A (en) * 2018-08-20 2019-01-15 潘国长 A kind of artificial method for planting of the small tangerine in mountain

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107114176A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-09-01 陆川县巨丰种植园 A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of lichee
CN107125076A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-09-05 陆川县巨丰种植园 A kind of method for culturing seedlings of lichee
CN107182407A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-22 平南县颖绿龙眼种植专业合作社 A kind of method applied fertilizer in the high-yield culturing of lichee
CN107801502A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-16 博白县富山水果种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of lichee
CN107593249A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-01-19 罗荣棋 A kind of micronucleus osmanthus taste lichee high-yield planting technology
CN109197587A (en) * 2018-08-20 2019-01-15 潘国长 A kind of artificial method for planting of the small tangerine in mountain

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Application publication date: 20170215