CN108718576A - A kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108718576A CN108718576A CN201810426470.2A CN201810426470A CN108718576A CN 108718576 A CN108718576 A CN 108718576A CN 201810426470 A CN201810426470 A CN 201810426470A CN 108718576 A CN108718576 A CN 108718576A
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- soil
- orchard
- lichee
- cultivation method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation methods, belong to fruit tree farming technique field.The method of the invention includes the following steps：Utilize mechanical chipping dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds in lichee orchard January in November to the coming year, and the different location setting soil improvement under lichee plant tree crown drip is cheated, the setting frequency in soil improvement hole be 1/1 year 1 plant；Landfill dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds into soil improvement hole, then 5~10cm of earthing.As mechanical cultivation number and deadwood weeds degenerate the increase of time, the soil organism, total nitrogen, available phosphorus are stepped up, and significant effect increases grade significant effect；Reduce soil aciditiy；Retention capacity of soil is significantly improved, in rainwater season, occurs rainwash phenomenon never again；Disease, worm sources are substantially reduced, pest and disease damage is reduced；Orchard farming efficiency is improved, using the method for the present invention, 20 times is improved with manual method relative efficiency, 10 times of cost of labor can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree farming technique fields, and in particular to a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method.
Background technology
Lichee is stronger to the adaptability of soil, the hilly and mountainous land in Maoming, the red soil of arid hillside field, yellow soil, purple soil, sand
Loam, gravelly soil, profound parent rock, the clay loam on level land, alluvial soil, river bank sandy soil etc. can normal growth and results.Mountainous region, mound
Mound, arid hillside field due to high-land, soil layer is thick, draining is good, but general lack of organic matter, fertility is relatively low, is improved the soil by deep kind,
Soil texture can be improved, built up fertility, the various physicochemical characters such as draining, ventilation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, pH value and organic matter of soil
Content etc., it is very big on the influence of the yield and quality of lichee, so either before plantation or after building well, it is necessary to pay attention to improvement fruit
The plant in garden ground condition.
Current existing tillage method includes the clear garden of weeding and manually improves the soil, regardless of the clear garden of weeding is still manually improved the soil,
It is required for a large amount of manpower and materials to carry out, it is time-consuming and laborious, and single effect.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method, method is simple, saves labor
Power improves efficiency, does not use any high molecular material, does not generate secondary pollution, and efficient abridged edition persistently supplements soil losses battalion
It supports.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation methods, include the following steps：
Mechanical chipping dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds are utilized in lichee orchard January in November to the coming year, and in lichee plant tree crown
Different location setting soil improvement under drip is cheated, the setting frequency in soil improvement hole be 1/1 year 1 plant；To described
Landfill dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds in soil improvement hole, then 5~10cm of earthing.
Preferably, the machinery is mini-excavator.
Preferably, the lichee orchard carries out sod culture management.
Preferably, the different location centered on lichee plant to recycle clockwise or counterclockwise.
Preferably, the top surface diameter × height × basal diameter in the soil improvement hole is (0.8~1) m × (0.6~0.8) m
× (0.6~0.8) m.
Preferably, the source of the dry branches and fallen leaves includes orchard trimming.
Preferably, the orchard, which is trimmed, includes：To the not litchi of fruiting for the year, annual 3~April and 6~July pair
Cutting back pruning of aging new slightly each progress；To the litchi more than current year fruiting, once bounced back within 10~20 days after fruit picking
Cutting back pruning；When each young sprout starts to turn green, 1~2 young sprout of every reservation removes remaining branch.
Preferably, 0.6~1.6m is filled in each soil improvement hole3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds.
The present invention provides a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation methods of cost-saving synergistic, are fallen using the deadwood generated in orchard
Leaf and weeds, using the clear garden of mini-excavator, dig pit, fill, earthing can complete the farming of lichee orchard, easy to operate, section
Cost-saving.As the number of mechanical cultivation and deadwood weeds degenerate the increase of time, the soil organism, total nitrogen, available phosphorus by
Step increases；Soil increases grade significant effect；PH value is stablized by 4.5 is increased to 5.6；Significantly improve retention capacity of soil；It substantially reduces
Disease, worm sources, reduce pest and disease damage；Orchard farming efficiency is improved, using the method for the present invention, is carried with manual method relative efficiency
It is 20 times high, 10 times of cost of labor can be saved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the orchard shape of sod culture before mechanical cultivation；
Fig. 2 is the result figure after wheel mechanical operation.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation methods, include the following steps：
Mechanical chipping dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds are utilized in lichee orchard January in November to the coming year, and in lichee plant tree crown
Different location setting soil improvement under drip is cheated, the setting frequency in soil improvement hole be 1/1 year 1 plant；To described
Landfill dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds in soil improvement hole, then 5~10cm of earthing.
Before the time of lichee orchard of the present invention mechanical cultivation is preferably lichee new root, the lichee new root life
Long animated period includes preferably 2~March, 3 periods of 5~June and 8~September, while rainwater season ponding is macerated in order to prevent
Root, selection carry out mechanical cultivation in January in November to the coming year, i.e. last autumn slightly aging rear progress not only improves regeneration of being completely cured, right
It can effectively inhibit the winter slightly to sprout again in bearing-age tree, promote bud differentiation.
The present invention preferably sorts out machine-walking channel when carrying out first time mechanical cultivation in litchi garden, described
The width in channel is preferably 1.8~2.2m, more preferably 1.9~2.1m, most preferably 2m.Channel of the present invention is preferred
Outside drip, more preferably often a machine-walking channel is arranged in row litchi, is convenient for machine-walking.Machine of the present invention
Tool walking passageway is used to carry out mechanized operation to the setting that soil improvement is cheated, and the mechanized operation preferably includes to excavate, institute
Excavation is stated it is preferable to use mini-excavator, the power of the mini-excavator is preferably selected according to orchard type, and fruit is worked as
When garden is mountainous region, nonirrigated farmland soil layer relatively thin harder more thin and weak orchard, it is preferred to use engine power (20~22KW) and maximum digging
The excavator for digging larger (12~20KN) model of power, to improve efficiency；When orchard is the relatively soft orchard of thicker soil, preferably
Using the excavator of engine power and the slightly lower model of maximum digging force, with cost-effective.
Lichee orchard of the present invention preferably uses sod culture pattern during mechanical cultivation, too such as current year weeds
It is luxuriant, field operation is influenced, can cut off in progress in 5~June one-time mechanical, and stay careless stubble 5cm or so.Sward of the present invention
Management, which can both lay in weeds also, can remove the cost of artificial weeding or herbicide spraying from.The region of sod culture of the present invention
It is preferably located at outside tree crown drip.There is no particular determinations for type of the present invention to the grass of the sod culture, utilize orchard
The natural weeds of interior growth.
The source of dry branches and fallen leaves of the present invention includes preferably that orchard is trimmed, and the orchard trimming includes preferably：It is short
It cuts, to the litchi of fruiting, annual 3~April do not carry out a cutting back pruning respectively slightly newly with 6~July to aging for the year；It is right
Litchi more than current year fruiting carries out primary light retraction cutting back pruning for 10~20 days only after fruit picking.Sparse branching is opened in each young sprout
Begin to carry out when turning green, 1~2 young sprout of every reservation, remaining is wiped out from branch base portion.The present invention trimming after dry branches and fallen leaves and
Sod culture is as shown in Figure 1.
The soil improvement hole is arranged in the present invention under lichee plant drip, preferred to be dripped in lichee plant using machinery
Underwater different location setting soil improvement is cheated, and every time when improvement, the soil improvement hole is preferably with clockwise or counterclockwise
Cycle carries out, and all soil in orchard can be made to be improved.
Soil improvement of the present invention hole is preferably column, and the columnar specification is preferably according to dry branches and fallen leaves and miscellaneous
Grass amount determine, when the orchard trimming and weeds it is more when, be preferable to provide top surface diameter × height × Ground Diameter be 1m ×
0.8m×0.8m；When the orchard deadwood weeds are less, be preferable to provide top surface diameter × height × Ground Diameter be 0.8m ×
0.6m × 0.6m, it is ensured that each soil improvement hole can fill 0.6~1.6m3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds.
The present invention is after the completion of landfill, preferred mulching soil, the preferred 5~10cm of thickness of the soil, slightly above
Furrow face, concrete outcome are as shown in Figure 2.
In the present invention, lichee absorption root is mainly distributed on 20~40 centimetres of topsoil, and the horizontal distribution of root system is with tree
The expansion of hat and expand, 20cm distributions are most generally inside and outside tree crown drip, and the power of regeneration of lichee root system is very strong, is dripping
Hole landfill deadwood weeds of cutting the earth below line have blocked part root system, have not only improved the physicochemical character of soil, but also update root system, have promoted
The growth and absorption of root.
Lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but not
They can be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Clear garden was carried out in Guangzhou Litchi Garden using mini-excavator at 2010 and 2014 respectively, and in same litchi
A soil improvement hole is dug under drip, and about 1m nearby is cheated into soil improvement3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds fill into soil improvement
In hole, and earthing 5cm, taking 50~70cm depths soil and orchard ladder wall in the position in January, 2018, (such as Flat Ground Orchard is i.e.
Uncultivated field is selected, is compareed) each 2500g of soil is detected.Testing result is：The content of organic matter of soil is after improvement
75.5g/kg, total nitrogen content 0.278%, available phosphorus 16.2mg/kg, available potassium 75.1mg/kg, soil pH value 5.6；
The content of organic matter for compareing soil is 16.3g/kg, and total nitrogen content 0.084%, available phosphorus 3.7mg/kg, available potassium is
46.6mg/kg, soil pH value 4.5.According to Second National overall survey of soil classification for soil nutrition standard, the soil after improvement is
1 grade of native standard, control soil are 4 grades of native standards.Compared with the control, soil upgrading is notable, and the content of organic matter improves for conditioned soil
363.2%, total nitrogen content improves 230.95%, available phosphorus content and improves 337.8%, quick-acting potassium content raising 61.2%, pH value
It is increased to 5.6 by 4.5.
Embodiment 2
Clear garden was carried out in Guangzhou Litchi Garden using mini-excavator in 2011 and 2015 respectively, and is dripped in same litchi
A soil improvement hole is dug under waterline, and about 0.8m nearby is cheated into soil improvement3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds fill into soil improvement
In hole, and earthing 5cm, take 50~70cm depths soil in soil improvement hole in January, 2018 and orchard ladder wall is (right
According to) each 2500g of soil is detected.Testing result is：The content of organic matter of soil is 34.2g/kg after improvement, and total nitrogen content is
0.152%, available phosphorus 12.9mg/kg, available potassium 44.4mg/kg, soil pH value 5.6；The organic matter of control soil contains
It is 16.3g/kg to measure, total nitrogen content 0.084%, available phosphorus 3.7mg/kg, available potassium 46.6mg/kg, and soil pH value is
4.5.According to Second National overall survey of soil classification for soil nutrition standard, the soil after improvement is 2 grades of native standards, and control soil is
4 grades of native standards.Compared with the control, soil upgrading is notable, and the content of organic matter improves 134.6%, total nitrogen content and improves for conditioned soil
80.95%, available phosphorus content, which improves 248.6%, quick-acting potassium content, reduces by 4.7%, and pH value is increased to 5.6 by 4.5.
Embodiment 3
Respectively a soil improvement was dug using mini-excavator in 2013 and 2017 under the drip of Guangzhou Litchi Garden
Hole, and about 1.2m nearby is cheated into soil improvement3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds fill into soil improvement hole, and earthing 5cm, in
Take the position 50~70cm depths soil in January, 2018 and orchard each 2500g of ladder wall (control) soil is detected.Detection knot
Fruit is：The content of organic matter of soil is 23.6g/kg after improvement, total nitrogen content 0.105%, and available phosphorus 9.6mg/kg is quick-acting
Potassium is 29.1mg/kg, soil pH value 5.3；Compare soil the content of organic matter be 16.3g/kg, total nitrogen content 0.084%,
Available phosphorus is 3.7mg/kg, available potassium 46.6mg/kg, soil pH value 4.5.It is supported according to Second National overall survey of soil soil
Divide grade scale, the soil after improvement is 3 grades of native standards, and control soil is 4 grades of soil standards.Conditioned soil compared with the control, soil
Upgrading is notable, and the content of organic matter improves 44.8%, total nitrogen content raising 25%, available phosphorus content improves 159.4%, available potassium and contains
Amount reduces by 37.5%, and pH value is increased to 5.3 by 4.5.
Embodiment 4
Soil improvement was dug in 2015 using mini-excavator under the drip of Guangzhou Litchi Garden to cheat, and by soil
About 1.6m near improvement hole3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds fill into soil improvement hole, and earthing 5cm takes in January, 2018
The position 50~70cm depths soil and orchard each 2500g of ladder wall (control) soil are detected.Testing result is：It is native after improvement
The content of organic matter of earth is 19.5g/kg, total nitrogen content 0.0717%, available phosphorus 9.2mg/kg, available potassium 53.8mg/
Kg, soil pH value 5.3；The content of organic matter for compareing soil is 16.3g/kg, and total nitrogen content 0.084%, available phosphorus is
3.7mg/kg, available potassium 46.6mg/kg, soil pH value 4.5.According to Second National overall survey of soil classification for soil nutrition mark
Standard, the soil after improvement are 3 grades of native standards, and control soil is 4 grades of native standards.Compared with the control, soil upgrading is notable for conditioned soil,
The content of organic matter, which improves 19.6%, total nitrogen content, reduces by 14.64%, available phosphorus content raising 148.6%, quick-acting potassium content raising
15.5%, pH value is increased to 5.3 by 4.5.
By above-described embodiment it is found that improving 20 times using mechanical cultivation and artificial farming relative efficiency, can save manually at
This 10 times.As the number of mechanical cultivation and deadwood weeds degenerate the increase of time, the soil organism, total nitrogen, available phosphorus by
Step increases, significant effect；PH value is stablized by 4.5 is increased to 5.6,5.3, increases grade significant effect.In addition soil can also be significantly improved
There is rainwash phenomenon never again in rainwater season in water holding capacity.Disease, worm sources are substantially reduced, pest and disease damage is reduced；
Improve orchard farming efficiency.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method, includes the following steps：
January in November to the coming year utilizes mechanical chipping dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds in lichee orchard, and drips in lichee plant tree crown
Different location setting soil improvement under line is cheated, the setting frequency in soil improvement hole be 1/1 year 1 plant；To the soil
Landfill dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds in improvement hole, then 5~10cm of earthing.
2. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the machinery is mini-excavator.
3. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lichee orchard carries out sod culture management.
4. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the different location is centered on lichee plant
To recycle clockwise or counterclockwise.
5. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the top surface diameter × height in the soil improvement hole
× basal diameter is (0.8~1) m × (0.6~0.8) m × (0.6~0.8) m.
6. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the source of the dry branches and fallen leaves includes that orchard is repaiied
It cuts.
7. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the orchard, which is trimmed, includes：To not hanging for the year
The litchi of fruit, annual 3~April is with 6~July to cutting back pruning of aging new slightly each progress；More than current year fruiting
Litchi carries out primary retraction cutting back pruning for 10~20 days after fruit picking；When each young sprout starts to turn green, every retains 1~2
Young sprout, removes remaining branch base.
8. mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that landfill in each soil improvement hole
0.6~1.6m3Dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds.
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| CN201810426470.2A CN108718576A (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-07 | A kind of lichee orchard mechanical cultivation method |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186216A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-10 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Dwarfing, close planting and early fruiting culturing method for lychees with shape of chicken beak |
| CN104255377A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Method for overcoming biennial fruiting of litchi |
| CN106900359A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 刘忠宁 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
-
2018
- 2018-05-07 CN CN201810426470.2A patent/CN108718576A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186216A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-10 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Dwarfing, close planting and early fruiting culturing method for lychees with shape of chicken beak |
| CN104255377A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Method for overcoming biennial fruiting of litchi |
| CN106900359A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 刘忠宁 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王云惠: "《热带南亚热带果树栽培技术》", 30 June 2006, 海南出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20181102 |