CN105724031A - Phyllostachys pubescens guide groove supergene cultivation method for purple yam - Google Patents
Phyllostachys pubescens guide groove supergene cultivation method for purple yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724031A CN105724031A CN201610134324.3A CN201610134324A CN105724031A CN 105724031 A CN105724031 A CN 105724031A CN 201610134324 A CN201610134324 A CN 201610134324A CN 105724031 A CN105724031 A CN 105724031A
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- rhizoma dioscoreae
- gathering sill
- soil
- germinatus bambusae
- bambusae sinospinosae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
Abstract
The invention discloses a phyllostachys pubescens guide groove supergene cultivation method for purple yam. The method includes the steps that soil is selected before sowing, phyllostachys pubescens guide grooves are manufactured, and land preparation and groove burying are carried out; non-rotten tubers without scabs are selected before sowing to serve as yam seeds; purple yam seeds are sowed; covering for soil moisture preservation, frame erection for vine guide, thinning, lateral branch pruning and topdressing are carried out, and field management is carried out; pest control is carried out; harvesting and storing are carried out. According to the method, downward growth of purple yam in a conventional ridging cultivation method for purple yam is changed to lateral growth, and deep cultivation is changed into supergene cultivation, so that labor cost is reduced, and tuber expansion is promoted; wide-ridge and two-row cultivation in a conventional guide groove cultivation technology is changed, so that soil moisture preservation is ensured, sunlight is fully utilized, and the effect of ventilation between rows is good; plastic guide grooves in the conventional guide groove cultivation technology are changed into the phyllostachys pubescens guide grooves, so that recycling is achieved, groove burying is easier, harvesting and digging are easier, the production process is ecological and environmentally friendly, and local forest resources are fully utilized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology field of glittering, particularly relate to a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method.
Background technology
Current Rhizoma Dioscoreae cultivation technique mostly is traditional Root growth.The cultivation technique of the comparatively light letter of conventional Rhizoma Dioscoreae digs a hole cultivation, ditching cultivation, plastic bushing cultivation etc., and wherein comparatively ripe, advanced is plastics gathering sill cultivation techniques.These technology Problems existing have: Root growth technology is applicable to block Rhizoma Dioscoreae, and long column shape Rhizoma Dioscoreae tuber is longer, adopts this technology to exist and excavates the problems such as recruitment is big, and tuber growth is obstructed, deformity, commodity are bad；Dig a hole, the cultivation technique phase prior to seeding such as ditching needs bigger labor intensity, and the soil texture be there are certain requirements.And because early stage cost of labor is high, for saving cost, it mostly is continuous cropping plantation, thus bringing variety deterioration fast, pest and disease damage is serious, affects the problems such as Rhizoma Dioscoreae Yield and quality.It is relatively complicated to there is sleeve pipe processing in plastic bushing cultivation technique, the problems such as pipe laying is deeper, equally exists the shortcomings such as the amount of labour used is big, tuber growth is obstructed；The plastic cement gathering sill that the cultivation techniques such as gathering sill use mostly is pvc material, the soft external force deformation that is subject to of matter, requires higher to burying groove operation.And Rhizoma Dioscoreae Later growth is likely to, because table soil stress is irregular, cause that plastics gathering sill deforms.Gathering sill deformation gently then causes that Rhizoma Dioscoreae growth is irregular, heavy then directly result in Rhizoma Dioscoreae and be obstructed, and not along gathering sill growth, significantly affects yield and commodity.Plastic bushing and plastics gathering sill is aging scrap after, fragment is easily collecting not, part remain soil, it is difficult to degraded.Scrapping even if digging out, being still a kind of white pollution, being unfavorable for environmental protection.And the noxious substance in growth course plastics is likely to be absorbed by soil and Rhizoma Dioscoreae, affects Rhizoma Dioscoreae quality, there is food safety hidden danger.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae tuber is elongated cylindrical, tuber can have the reasons such as stone in, soil irregular because of soil compaction, the degree of packing in downward growth course, cause growth deformity or be obstructed, it is easy to the phenomenons such as hirsutism, rough coat, bending and branching occurring, has a strong impact on yield and commodity；Rhizoma Dioscoreae tuber growth is relatively deep, about 1m.System cultural method sowing is gathered when all costing, takes a lot of work, is required great effort again, and labour cost is significantly high.And rural laborer is few at present, mostly is middle-aged and elderly people, it is impossible to meet the artificial demand of commerial growing Rhizoma Dioscoreae, hinder the large-scale development of Rhizoma Dioscoreae；The thin matter of Rhizoma Dioscoreae skin is crisp, adopts common receipts excavation formula tuber cracky, fractures, and the easy mould growth of wound, thus affecting the commodity of Rhizoma Dioscoreae and shelf stability；Yam harvesting digs upsets soil layer, spoiled soil structure, and unfavorable soil fertility keeps.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method, it is intended to solve Rhizoma Dioscoreae and commodity is poor；The sowing of traditional cultivation method is gathered when all costing, takes a lot of work, is required great effort again, and labour cost is significantly high, receives excavation formula tuber cracky, fractures, the problem of the easy mould growth of wound.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method, and described Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method comprises the following steps:
Step one, selects before broadcasting that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, the convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, makes Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, selects diameter to be about the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae that 8-10cm, plant are very straight, be sawn into the segment of long 1m vertical profile one cutter, dimidiation.Removing ring with cutter, and polished smooth at ring place in groove, dries in the shade in indoor, is the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill that Rhizoma Dioscoreae cultivation is used, whole buried groove；
Step 2, select without scab before sowing, make potato kind without the tuber rotted, potato seed is cut into potato block, every piece of quality 50-100g, dips in kind with plant ash, and shine 1-2h, then it is placed on indoor 2-3d, after tangent plane heals, moves into seedbed two-membrane process accelerating germination, when plumelet grows eye or grows to 1cm and transplantation, only staying 1 healthy and strong bud during field planting, all the other are erased；
Step 3, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae time of sowing should carry out when soil 10cm ground temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C, is putting potato seed from gathering sill upper end 1～3cm, and top eye is towards sowing labelling, potato kind is placed should be parallel with gathering sill, then at the every 667m in about 25～30cm place, the both sides of field planting potato seed2Spread manuer in holes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes plant ash 200kg；Also water in last earthing ridging ridge；
Step 4, clayed aluminium alloy, built draw climing, thinning and prune side shoot and topdress, and field is managed；
Step 5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the prevention of 600-800 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed after rain, stem wilt occurs to early September by the end of August, and available 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate spray or water and impose on plant root and prevent and treat；Other diseases 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim spray pouring root；Apply during with soil treatment whole ground and prevent and treat, with every mu of 250～300mL of 50% phoxim, add after fine earth 25kg mixes thoroughly and be sprinkled in ridge, or every mu of 2kg of metrifonate granule uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields；
Step 6, Rhizoma Dioscoreae collecting time should, in August, be gathered complete to early and middle ten days in November by the end of October, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae wants dry in the sun 2-3d after gathering, and is placed on indoor fine sand or sandy soil bury and survive the winter, and temperature controls to be advisable at about 15～18 DEG C.
Further, described whole buried groove specifically includes:
Digging before winter, tilth is about 30cm, and applies base manure and insecticide with ditch ridging, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae fertilising will based on fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, every 667m2Base execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-5000kg, carbamide 5-10kg, phosphate fertilizer 10-15kg, potash fertilizer 15-20kg, 5% phoxim granule 2kg；Doing furrow and adopt single furrow duplicate rows, every furrow connect furrow width 1.5m, ditch depth 15～30cm；Every 667m2Placing 1700-2000 gathering sill, spacing 25cm, gradient is 15 °, the deep 30cm in lower end；Gathering sill domestic demand puts into the soft material of filling, and is covered with 2～3cm thickness soil, and soft material is made up of fine sand and fertilizer, wood bran, rice husk bran, makes soft filler with sand than 1: 1000 according to potassium sulfate, and leaves kind of a labelling in gathering sill upper end.
Further, described clayed aluminium alloy, after emerging before staking, carry out covering with on the black mulch film lid of wide 1m and compress four limits after the rain, then cover Caulis et Folium Oryzae, simple epiphragma or lid grass.
Further, described built draws climing, when Rhizoma Dioscoreae starts to get rid of climing should built in time, select the solid thin bamboo of 150～170cm or thin waddy, one ridge two row one is put up chevron shaped, 15～20cm in soil is inserted in lower end, intersecting from 30cm place, top, makes the high 120～150cm of support taken, infall cross bar connects together fixing, when tendril climbs to frame waist, spray with 15% paclobutrazol, controlling excessive vegetative growth and strengthening seedlings.
Further, described thinning and prune side shoot and specifically include a: potato seed can only stay stem one, and remaining is all wiped out, and stem side shoot below 6 leaves more than base portion should be wiped out.
Further, described Rhizoma Dioscoreae topdresses and at the middle and late stage of growth, suitably to topdress at the beginning of 6 months at the end of May, and available 2 ‰ carbamide spray blade face；Rhizoma Dioscoreae Later growth, is that potato block is formed and expands period during the beginning of autumn to White Dew, uses compound fertilizer 80kg, mix with potassium sulfate 15kg and use；Select fine day afternoon every 10 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates once, altogether spray three times.
Another object of the present invention is to provide single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest cultivation of a kind of described Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method and built, the cultivation of described single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest and built include: Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant, Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, bamboo pole；
Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill is arranged on the bottom of Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant, and bamboo pole is connected with Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, and rides over the top of Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the seeding apparatus of a kind of described Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method, described seeding apparatus includes: indicating bar, Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed, cultivation bed；
Indicating bar contacts with cultivation bed, and the low side of indicating bar is placed with Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method provided by the invention, compared with prior art, has the advantage that
1, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae changing conventional Rhizoma Dioscoreae Root growth is grown to downwards cross growth, and deep layer cultivation is cultivated for shallow-layer, saves labour cost more than 50%.Thin solum day and night temperature is big, is conducive to tuber to expand, and Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill quality is hard, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae grows along gathering sill, and epidermis is smooth, color is vivid, regular shape, commodity rate more than 90%.
2, changing the large-ridge double-row of conventional gathering sill cultivation technique, " well " font built is the two-way wrong nest of micro-ridge, and herringbone built is conducive to preserving soil moisture and illumination to utilize fully, and in the ranks ventilating permeability effect is good.
3, the plastics gathering sill changing conventional gathering sill cultivation technique is Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, it is achieved recycle, and it is more simple to bury groove operation, receive dig more light, production process ecological, environmental protective, take full advantage of locality forest resourceies.Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae quality is more solid, durable in use, so long as not damaging artificially, at least can use more than 3-5 continuously, reduce cost.And gathering sill breakage scrap after can chopping and returning, be used as fertilizer and improve Soil structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method flow diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 2 is that single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest that the embodiment of the present invention provides is cultivated and built schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the ridging that the embodiment of the present invention provides buries groove schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the seeding apparatus structural representation that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
In figure: 1, Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant；2, Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill；3, bamboo pole；4, ditch；5, ridge；6, indicating bar；7, Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed；8, cultivation bed.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the application principle of the present invention is explained in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: select before broadcasting that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, the convenient soil of irrigation and drainage, makes Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, selects diameter to be about the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae that 8-10cm, plant are very straight, be sawn into the segment of long 1m vertical profile one cutter, dimidiation.Removing ring with cutter, and polished smooth at ring place in groove, dries in the shade in indoor, is the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill that Rhizoma Dioscoreae cultivation is used, whole buried groove；
S102: select without scab before sowing, make potato kind without the tuber rotted, potato seed is cut into potato block, every piece of quality 50-100g, dip in kind with plant ash, and shine 1-2h, be then placed on indoor 2-3d, move into seedbed two-membrane process accelerating germination after tangent plane heals.When plumelet grows eye or grows to 1cm and transplantation (about 20～30d), only staying 1 healthy and strong bud during field planting, all the other are erased；
S103: the Rhizoma Dioscoreae time of sowing (during temperature on average 12 DEG C) should carry out when soil 10cm ground temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C, potato seed is being put from gathering sill upper end 1～3cm, top eye is towards sowing labelling on one side, potato kind is placed should be parallel with gathering sill, then at the every 667m in about 25～30cm place, the both sides of field planting potato seed2Spread manuer in holes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes plant ash 200kg；Last earthing ridging also waters；
S104: clayed aluminium alloy, built draw climing, thinning and prune side shoot and topdress, and carry out field management；
S105: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, can spray the 600-800 times of liquid prevention of 70% mancozeb wettable powder after rain.Stem wilt is typically in occurring to early September by the end of August, and available 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate spray or water and impose on plant root and prevent and treat.Other diseases can spray pouring root with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim；Apply during with soil treatment whole ground and prevent and treat, available every mu of 250～300mL of 50% phoxim, add after fine earth 25kg mixes thoroughly and be sprinkled in ridge, or every mu of 2kg of metrifonate granule uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields；
S106: Rhizoma Dioscoreae collecting time should, in August, be gathered complete to early and middle ten days in November by the end of October, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae wants dry in the sun 2-3d after gathering, and is placed on indoor fine sand or sandy soil bury and survive the winter, and temperature controls to be advisable at about 15～18 DEG C.
As in figure 2 it is shown, single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest cultivation of the embodiment of the present invention and built specifically include that Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant 1, Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2, bamboo pole 3.
Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2 is arranged on the bottom of Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant 1, and bamboo pole 3 is connected with Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2, and rides over the top of Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2.
As it is shown on figure 3, the ridging of the embodiment of the present invention buries groove schematic diagram, Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2, ditch 3, ridge 5.
Being provided with ditch 3 between each adjacent ridge 5, it is internal that Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill 2 is arranged on ridge 5.
As shown in Figure 4, the seeding apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes that indicating bar 6, Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed 7, cultivation bed 8.
Indicating bar 6 contacts with cultivation bed 8, and the low side of indicating bar 6 is placed with Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed 7.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the application principle of the present invention is further described.
1, front preparation is broadcast
1.1 selection of lands
Rhizoma Dioscoreae has stronger adaptability, and Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting is without deep ploughing, therefore soil property is less demanding.Sand, loam, clay, the soil layer depth, level of ground water height all can be planted.But fertile in soil property, soil layer is deep, the convenient grown on soil of irrigation and drainage is most widely suited.
1.2 Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sills make
Select diameter to be about the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae that 8-10cm, plant are very straight, be sawn into the segment of long 1m vertical profile one cutter, dimidiation.Removing ring with cutter, and polished smooth at ring place in groove, dries in the shade in indoor, is the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill that Rhizoma Dioscoreae cultivation is used.
1.3 whole buried grooves
Digging before winter, tilth is about 30cm, and applies base manure and insecticide with ditch ridging.Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the fertile crop of happiness, and fertilizer nutrient is significantly high, and fertilising will based on fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary.Every 667m2Base execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-5000kg, carbamide 5-10kg, phosphate fertilizer 10-15kg, potash fertilizer 15-20kg, 5% phoxim granule 2kg.Doing furrow and adopt single furrow duplicate rows, every furrow connect furrow width 1.5m, ditch depth 15～30cm.Every 667m2Placing about 1700-2000 gathering sill, spacing is about 25cm, and gradient is about 15 °, and lower end is 30cm deeply about.Gathering sill domestic demand puts into the soft material of filling, and is covered with 2～3cm thickness soil, and soft material is mainly made up of fine sand and fertilizer, wood bran, rice husk bran etc., can make soft filler with sand than 1: 1000 according to potassium sulfate, and leave kind of a labelling in gathering sill upper end.
2. begin sowing in good time
2.1 tubers process
Select without scab before sowing, make potato kind without the tuber rotted, potato seed is cut into potato block, every piece of quality 50-100g, dips in kind with plant ash, and shines 1-2h, be then placed on indoor 2-3d, move into seedbed two-membrane process accelerating germination after tangent plane heals.When plumelet grows eye or grows to 1cm and transplantation (about 20～30d), only staying 1 healthy and strong bud during field planting, all the other are erased.
2.2 sowings
The Rhizoma Dioscoreae time of sowing (during temperature on average 12 DEG C) should carry out when soil 10cm ground temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C, and Sichuan mountain country is typically in mid-March to early April.Putting potato seed from gathering sill upper end 1～3cm, top eye is towards sowing labelling, and potato kind is placed should be parallel with gathering sill.Then at the every 667m in about 25～30cm place, the both sides of field planting potato seed2Spread manuer in holes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes plant ash 200kg.Last earthing ridging also waters.
3. field management
3.1 clayed aluminium alloy
Using directed groove plantation Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato block is grown in shallow soil layer, by covering the thing that shelters from heat or light, to keep this soil layer to moisten, is conducive to potato block fast growth.After emerging before staking, carry out covering with on the black mulch film lid of wide 1m and compress four limits after the rain, then cover rice (wheat) grass, it is possible to simple epiphragma or lid grass.
3.2 builts draw climing
Should built in time when Rhizoma Dioscoreae starts to get rid of climing, require the solid thin bamboo of selection 150～170cm or thin waddy, one ridge two row one is put up chevron shaped, 15～20cm in soil is inserted in lower end, intersecting from 30cm place, top, increasing top opening degree as far as possible, make the high 120～150cm of support taken, infall cross bar connects together fixing.When tendril climbs to frame waist, spray with 15% paclobutrazol, controlling excessive vegetative growth and strengthening seedlings.
3.3 thinnings and pruning side shoot
One potato seed can only stay stem one, and remaining all should be wiped out in time, it is prevented that long multiple Rhizoma Dioscoreaes, causes Abnormal tuber.Stem grows to due length, can send side shoot between each axil, and the side shoot being typically in below 6 leaves of more than base portion should be wiped out, in order to base portion ventilation and penetrating light, it is to avoid the generation of anthrax and insect pest.
3.4 topdress
Rhizoma Dioscoreae topdresses mainly at the middle and late stage of growth, can suitably topdress at the beginning of 6 months at the end of May, and available 2 ‰ carbamide spray blade face.Rhizoma Dioscoreae Later growth, is that potato block is formed and expands period during the beginning of autumn to White Dew, uses compound fertilizer 80kg, mix with potassium sulfate 15kg and use.Note executing fertilizer scattered during fertilising, it is impossible to fertilizer is executed in guiding groove one side., then select fine day afternoon every 10 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates once, altogether spray three times.
4 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
4.1 control principles
According to the plant protection policy of " put prevention first, integrated control ", the innoxious governance principle of " cultural control, physical control, Biological control are main, and chemical prevention is auxiliary " must be adhered to during preventing and treating.
4.2 diseases
Major Diseases has anthrax, stem wilt, brown rot, black rot etc..Wherein, anthrax is the most fatal, stem and leaf of mainly causing harm, and occurs serious time hot and humid, to put prevention first, should can spray the 600-800 times of liquid prevention of 70% mancozeb wettable powder after rain.Stem wilt is typically in occurring to early September by the end of August, and available 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate spray or water and impose on plant root and prevent and treat.Other diseases can spray pouring root with 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim.
4.3 insect pests
Major Pests is the subterranean pest-insects such as Holotrichia diomphalia Bates, Gryllotalpa, wireworm, cutworm.Apply during with soil treatment whole ground and prevent and treat, available every mu of 250～300mL of 50% phoxim, add after fine earth 25kg mixes thoroughly and be sprinkled in ridge, or every mu of 2kg of metrifonate granule uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields.Occur the insect pest can with 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of trichlorphon original powder or spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim granule in conjunction with irrigation.
5. results and storage
5.1 collecting times
The normal collecting time of Rhizoma Dioscoreae should select fine day to carry out successively after the Frost's Descent, but the needs according to market, sale of can gathering from August.Consider that Sichuan mid or late November rainwater is more, it is desirable to gather complete to early and middle ten days in November by the end of October.Gathering too late and be subject to freeze injury and cause rotting, Rhizoma Dioscoreae is local wintering never.
5.2 reserve temperatures
Rhizoma Dioscoreae wants dry in the sun 2-3d after gathering.The Rhizoma Dioscoreae gathered is not as temporarily sold, it is possible to be placed on indoor fine sand or sandy soil bury and survive the winter, although note that and do not endure cold, and temperature controls to be advisable at about 15～18 DEG C, and Chinese yam reserve temperature is 2～5 DEG C, and both have obvious difference.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method, it is characterised in that described Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method comprises the following steps:
Step one, before broadcasting, soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, the convenient soil of irrigation and drainage in selection, makes Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, selects the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae that diameter 8-10cm, plant are very straight, it is sawn into the segment of long 1m, and vertical profile one cutter, dimidiation, remove ring with cutter, and ring place in groove is polished smooth, drying in the shade in indoor, is the Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill that Rhizoma Dioscoreae cultivation is used, whole buried groove；
Step 2, select without scab before sowing, make potato kind without the tuber rotted, potato seed is cut into potato block, every piece of quality 50-100g, dips in kind with plant ash, and shine 1-2h, then it is placed on indoor 2-3d, after tangent plane heals, moves into seedbed two-membrane process accelerating germination, when plumelet grows eye or grows to 1cm and transplantation, only staying 1 healthy and strong bud during field planting, all the other are erased；
Step 3, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae time of sowing should carry out when soil 10cm ground temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C, is putting potato seed from gathering sill upper end 1～3cm, and top eye is towards sowing labelling, potato kind is placed should be parallel with gathering sill, then at the every 667m in 25～30cm place, both sides of field planting potato seed2Spread manuer in holes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes plant ash 200kg；Also water in last earthing ridging ridge；
Step 4, clayed aluminium alloy, built draw climing, thinning and prune side shoot and topdress, and field is managed；
Step 5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the prevention of 600-800 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder can be sprayed after rain, stem wilt occurs to early September by the end of August, and available 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate spray or water and impose on plant root and prevent and treat；Other diseases 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim spray pouring root；Apply during with soil treatment whole ground and prevent and treat, with every mu of 250～300mL of 50% phoxim, add after fine earth 25kg mixes thoroughly and be sprinkled in ridge, or every mu of 2kg of metrifonate granule uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields；
Step 6, Rhizoma Dioscoreae collecting time should, in August, be gathered complete to early and middle ten days in November by the end of October, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae wants dry in the sun 2-3d after gathering, and is placed on indoor fine sand or sandy soil bury and survive the winter, and temperature controls at 15 DEG C～18 DEG C.
2. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described whole buried groove specifically includes:
Digged before winter, tilth 30cm, and base manure and insecticide is applied with ditch ridging, Rhizoma Dioscoreae fertilising will based on fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, every 667m2Base execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-5000kg, carbamide 5-10kg, phosphate fertilizer 10-15kg, potash fertilizer 15-20kg, 5% phoxim granule 2kg；Doing furrow and adopt single furrow duplicate rows, every furrow connect furrow width 1.5m, ditch depth 15～30cm；Every 667m2Placing 1700-2000 gathering sill, spacing 25cm, gradient is 15 °, the deep 30cm in lower end；Gathering sill domestic demand puts into the soft material of filling, and is covered with 2～3cm thickness soil, and soft material is made up of fine sand and fertilizer, wood bran, rice husk bran, makes soft filler with sand than 1: 1000 according to potassium sulfate, and leaves kind of a labelling in gathering sill upper end.
3. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described clayed aluminium alloy, after emerging before staking, cover after the rain, with on the black mulch film lid of wide 1m and compress four limits, then cover Caulis et Folium Oryzae, simple epiphragma or lid grass.
4. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described built draws climing, should built in time when Rhizoma Dioscoreae starts to get rid of climing, selecting the solid thin bamboo of 150～170cm or thin waddy, ridge two row one is put up chevron shaped, and 15～20cm in soil is inserted in lower end, intersecting from 30cm place, top, making the high 120～150cm of support taken, infall cross bar connects together fixing, when tendril climbs to frame waist, spray with 15% paclobutrazol, controlling excessive vegetative growth and strengthening seedlings.
5. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described thinning and prune side shoot and specifically include a: potato seed can only stay stem one, and remaining is all wiped out, stem side shoot below 6 leaves more than base portion should be wiped out.
6. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Rhizoma Dioscoreae topdresses and at the middle and late stage of growth, suitably to topdress at the beginning of 6 months at the end of May, and available 2 ‰ carbamide spray blade face；Rhizoma Dioscoreae Later growth, is that potato block is formed and expands period during the beginning of autumn to White Dew, uses compound fertilizer 80kg, mix with potassium sulfate 15kg and use；Select fine day afternoon every 10 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates once, altogether spray three times.
7. single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest of a Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1 is cultivated and built, it is characterised in that the cultivation of described single ridge duplicate rows mistake nest and built include: Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant, Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, bamboo pole；
Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill is arranged on the bottom of Rhizoma Dioscoreae plant, and bamboo pole is connected with Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill, and rides over the top of Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill.
8. the seeding apparatus of a Rhizoma Dioscoreae Germinatus Bambusae sinospinosae gathering sill shallow planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described seeding apparatus includes: indicating bar, Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed, cultivation bed；
Indicating bar contacts with cultivation bed, and the low side of indicating bar is placed with Rhizoma Dioscoreae potato seed.
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| CN114303843A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 宜春市科学院(江西富硒产业研究院) | Shallow directional cultivation method for ginseng and sweet potato |
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