CN107046975A - A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam - Google Patents
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, the technical scheme is on the basis of Jiangxi Chinese yam resource is collected, systematically analyze several conventional half-covering tube cultivation techniques, and use orthogonal test technology, filter out suitable planting density and fertilizing method, the Chinese yam half-covering tube Technical system for being adapted to this province agro-ecological condition is set up, the blank in Jiangxi Chinese yam local varieties half-covering tube cultivation technique has been filled up.Using half-covering tube cultivation technique, compared with traditional Chinese yam cultivation technique, each labour harvests Chinese yam and 0.3 mu is risen to by 0.03 mu daily, every mu can save 30 work works；Per mu yield increases by 470 900 kilograms, rate of growth 16 45%；Produced Chinese yam French fries are neat, full, smooth, color of the leather is good, will not be damaged during excavation, and stem tuber storage tolerance commodity value is high, is worth being widely applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, further to the large-scale planting method of Chinese yam, and in particular to
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam.
Background technology
Chinese yam is the stem tuber of Dioscoreaceae (Dioscoreaceae) Dioscorea (Dioscorea spp.) trailing plant, its meat
Matter is plump, slightly in cylindrical type.In China, in addition to Northern-Northeast China and northwest loess plateau, there is cultivation other various regions, especially on mountain
The ground such as east, Henan, Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan are planted extensively, resource very abundant.
Recent studies indicate that, Chinese yam is not only containing glucide, thick protein, dietary fiber, crude fat, dimension life
The general composition such as element, mineral nutrition, free amino acid, and contain aldehydes matter, lymphatic temperament, choline, allantoin, the pre- saponin(e of potato
The special compositions such as element, steroid saponin, soluble polysaccharide, phytic acid, dopamine, antioxidase and amylase, can be carried for the mankind
It is used as food consumption for a large amount of glucides, and can is human body strengthen immunity, suppression cancer cell, regulation functions of intestines and stomach, raising
Oxidation resistance, reduction blood pressure and blood lipoid and promotion anti-inflammation etc. provide bioactive ingredients, can effectively reduce hypertension, coronary disease
The generation of the non-contagious chronics such as disease, diabetes, malignant tumour, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema disease, is conducive to health.
Jiangxi Province is formd with Ruichang Chinese yam, sole potato, bamboo punt-pole potato etc. as representative as the middle part big province of Chinese yam resource
Local characteristic kind.However, due to being paid little attention to Chinese yam industry, experience and mouth mouthful phase of its cultivation technique only with peasant
Pass, various regions cultural method is different, lack the comparison of system, cause the productive of Chinese yam not yet fully to be excavated.Tradition is planted
Culture method is planted on the alluvialsand that level of ground water is low, soil layer is deep, and tuber growth is deeper, and harvesting labor intensity is big, time-consuming,
Take a lot of work and laborious, and easy damaged stem tuber, this hinders the large area development of this specialty industries to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that for prior art technological deficiency there is provided a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, with
Solve that the long potato speed under the conditions of the Chinese yam cultivation method of prior art is relatively slow, French fries not enough technical problem attractive in appearance.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the Chinese yam cultivation method of prior art is difficult harvesting.
The invention solves the problems that another technical problem be prior art the soil types that is applicable of Chinese yam cultivation method compared with
For limitation.
The invention solves the problems that another technical problem be the shallow raw groove cultivation technique of conventional Chinese yam to Jiangxi local varieties mountain
The applicability of medicine is not good.
To realize above technical purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) selection level of ground water is in below 1m sandy loam plot；Take 100~110cm of length, 1.8~4.5cm of groove depth, groove
7~14cm of arc length plastic material half-covering tube, in opening up some holes in its cambered surface, by the half-covering tube to be in horizontal direction
12~18 ° of inclination angle, cambered surface are embedded in the sandy loam plot down；Flour sand is taken, with wooden chaff or husk chaff with 80:15~
80:25 weight covers 2~3cm sandy soils than being inserted after mixing in the half-covering tube；Organic fertilizer；
2) Chinese yam is taken, with every piece of 35~45g weight stripping and slicing, section dips in lime or plant ash, and after shining 2 under sunlight~
4d；Then vernalization；Under conditions of more than 12 DEG C of temperature, more than 10 DEG C of ground temperature, by the Chinese yam potato wedge after vernalization with eye upward
Angle be seeded in step 1) in 2~3cm sandy soils；
3) cultivate to the withered rear harvesting of Chinese yam overground part cauline leaf.
Preferably, step 1) in after half-covering tube is embedded in sandy loam plot, the difference in height at the half-covering tube two ends is
23~27cm.
Preferably, the mixture of flour sand and wooden chaff or husk chaff is inserted after half-covering tube, first thereon, one layer of lid contains 45
The sandy soils of~55% (w/w) pulverized limestone, then cover 2~3cm sandy soils again.
Preferably, embedding in the sandy loam plot have some half-covering tubes, some half-covering tubes are parallel to each other, described
Some half-covering tube spacing are 1.3~1.5 meters；The strain spacing sowed on same half-covering tube is 18~22cm.
Preferably, step 1) it is described embedding, it is the first ridging on the sandy loam plot, then excavation width is thereon
6~8cm and horizontal direction are then put into the half-covering tube in the groove at 12~18 ° of inclination angles.
Preferably, the Chinese yam is Ruichang Chinese yam, sole potato, bamboo punt-pole potato, the long Chinese yam of fine, soft fur, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China or Hui Loushan
Medicine.
Preferably, after planting intertilling 1~2 time；Seedling is intertilled 2~3 times again after being unearthed；When Chinese yam vines length to 30 centimeter lengths
When, scaffolding height is 1.5~2m A-frame above crop；Draws climing restocking.
Preferably, after before setting up A-frame, after rain or sandy loam plot is drenched, using black film mulching in
On crop, then cover straw.
Preferably, step 3) cultivation in, topdress once within every 15~25 days after seedling thinning, company applies 3~4 times, every time
Per 30~50 kilograms of Mu Shi composite fertilizers.
Preferably, step 3) cultivation in, late September with 500 grams every mu of metrifonate or red 250 grams every mu of match plus
60 kilograms of water, is sprayed on the sandy loam plot；Simultaneously with 200 grams of dicofol plus 250 grams of sulphur colloidal suspending agent plus carbendazim
100 grams or 100 grams of thiophanate, 50 kilograms of water distribution, are sprayed on the sandy loam plot.
In above technical scheme, the half-covering tube refers to carry out gained after longitudinally cutting along one bar diameter to pipe
Wherein half in two halves product；Also it can be regarded as the channel-shaped thing that cross section is in " U " font.The groove arc length of the half-covering tube, be
Refer to the total length of arcuate portion on one cross section of the half-covering tube.
Preferably, the vernalization comprises the following steps：25% carbendazim wettable is immersed after being rinsed before vernalization with clear water
Pulvis 800 times 10 minutes, taking-up is dried standby, and potato wedge can be paved into after 15 cm thicks and cover wet straw by vernalization indoors, or
5-10 centimetres of fine earth of covering is spread after 10 cm thicks in outdoor in the furrow face evened out, then covers wet straw, when growing eye i.e.
Portable.
Preferably, sprout length is 3~5 centimetres in potato wedge during sowing, a stalwartness is only stayed in the potato wedge of sowing
Bud, remaining sprout is removed.
Preferably, step 1) described in organic fertilizer, be every plant and apply 20 grams of compound fertilizer (equivalent 30 kilograms every mu), often
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields or 200 kilograms of plant ash of spreading manuer in holes, 1000 kilograms of decomposed organic matter fertilizer.
Preferably, step 1) described in organic fertilizer, be every mu of 2000~3000 kilograms of organic fertilizer for applying to become thoroughly decomposed, urea
20~25 kilograms, 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 25~35 kilograms of potassium sulfate.20~30 centimetres are ploughed deeply before planting.
Preferably, during vernalization with 0.5~1mg/kg gibberellin liquid or 0.1~0.2% potassium permanganate liquid seed soaking 10~
15min, can improve Germination effect.
Preferably, the Chinese yam is the local yam variety in Jiangxi.
The invention provides a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, the technical scheme is collecting Jiangxi Chinese yam resource
On the basis of, several conventional half-covering tube cultivation techniques are systematically analyzed, and orthogonal test technology is used, it is suitable to filter out
Planting density and fertilizing method, set up the Chinese yam half-covering tube Technical system for being adapted to this province agro-ecological condition, have filled up
The blank of Jiangxi Chinese yam local varieties half-covering tube cultivation technique.Technology is trained using half-covering tube, is compared with traditional Chinese yam cultivation technique,
Each labour harvests Chinese yam and 0.3 mu is risen to by 0.03 mu daily, and every mu can save 30 work works；Per mu yield increases 470-
900 kilograms, rate of growth 16-45%；Produced Chinese yam French fries are neat, full, smooth, color of the leather is good, will not be damaged during excavation, stem tuber is resistance to
Storage commodity value is high, is worth being widely applied.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ideograph of Chinese yam seed soaking sterilization in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the ideograph that ridging fills out soft material in the specific embodiment of the invention；
When Fig. 3 is knot potato harvesting in the specific embodiment of the invention in half-covering tube growth Chinese yam position figure.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is described in detail below.In order to avoid excessive unnecessary details,
It is will not be described in detail in following examples to belonging to known structure or function.In addition to being defined, institute in following examples
Technology and scientific terminology have the identical meanings being commonly understood by with those skilled in the art of the invention.
Embodiment 1
First, seed selection vernalization
1) the healthy potato wedge for selecting the harvesting of new garden is potato kind, stripping and slicing, and about 40 grams every piece, otch dips in lime or plant ash, presses
Head, centre, afterbody and big fraction are stacked respectively, are planted during plantation in category set, and this is conducive to Chinese yam balance coordination to grow.
2) first vernalization before planting, immerses 800 times of 25% carbendazol wettable powder 10 minutes after being rinsed before vernalization with clear water,
Taking-up is dried standby, and potato wedge can be paved into after 15 cm thicks and cover wet straw by vernalization indoors, or outdoor is in the furrow face evened out
On, 5-10 centimetres of fine earth of covering is spread after 10 cm thicks, then cover wet straw, i.e. portable when growing eye.
3) a healthy and strong bud is only stayed when planting, remaining is taken off.
2nd, the half-covering tube of cultivation is got ready
Half-covering tube is selected according to the specification of Chinese yam different cultivars stem tuber.By taking long 80-100 centimetres of stem tuber as an example, from self-control
U-shaped half-covering tube, specification be 100 × 6 × 5 centimetres.
3rd, site preparation puts pipe
1) Chinese yam requires not bery strict to soil, shallow raw groove cultivation no matter sand, loam, clay, the soil layer depth, underground water
Position height all can be using plantation, but soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, the convenient soil yield of irrigation and drainage is higher.
2) general kind single file, shallow raw 1 meter of flute length, every 1.4-1.7 meters of the furrow bag ditch of single file, 15-30 centimetres of ditch depth are planted.Physical features
Height, low level of ground water, sand, draining are convenient, then furrow can small, ditch can be shallow；Physical features is relatively low, soil property is relatively glued, level of ground water is higher, no
Easy draining, particularly paddy planting furrow should more greatly, ditch preferably depth.
3) shallow raw groove places gradient (with horizontal sextant angle) with planting and harvesting easily difficult Degree of Accord Relation closely, and gradient is bigger, use
Work amount is more, when gradient is smaller, and not only the amount of labour used is less, and can more play the shallow advantage that the night birthday temperature difference is big, long potato is fast, but
The too small potato of gradient easily encircles curved.It is appropriate with 15 degree or so of gradient, groove top and bottom 25 cms of the discrepancy in elevation according to experiment.
4) shallow raw groove is built into soft filler, to ensureing French fries normal growth, and full appearance is smooth extremely important, particularly
Relatively glue harder soil property, shallow raw groove place gradient it is smaller when be more necessary.Soft filler can select flour sand and add wooden chaff or husk
Chaff is mixed and formed, and ratio is 80：20, there is the place of melanoderma in history, after full soft filler built in groove, then in upper cover
One layer of thin sand containing 50% pulverized limestone, to be separated with plantation soil, mitigates melanoderma and causes harm.If textured soft flour sand,
Soft filler can be made with flour sand merely without adding wooden chaff or husk chaff.
5) ground of firm plow harrow and the firm ground for deep-cutting harvest Chinese yam, it is necessary to wait a period of time, make it heavy in fact, because under shallow raw groove
The soil layer on side can not be too loose, in case shallow raw groove is deformed after placing.By above-mentioned line-spacing with about 6 centimetres of spud excavation width it is parallel tiltedly
Ditch, gradient is 15 degree or so, and lower end is deep about 25 centimetres, 25-30 centimetres of single file spacing, about 1500 plants every mu.
6) parallel oblique ditch is put into shallow raw groove after excavating, and inserts soft filler, covers thin soil, and shallow raw groove upper end stays mark to make
Target when sowing, then waits plantation.
4th, plant
1) implantation time.It is convenient with " Slight Heat " to " Great Heat " according to local climatic characteristic.Because of summer sowing cane leaves increment
It is small, it can avoid that summer typhoon is multiple and high temperature and humidity disease pest multiple season, spray number of times can be reduced, the knot potato phase after summer sowing, just
Well autumn and winter, day and night the temperature difference is big, overground part nutrient can it is very fast and it is more be transferred on the stem tuber of underground, cane leaves increment will not
It is too big, be conducive to stem tuber to increase and nutrient accumulation.
2) when planting, potato seed is put after 2-3 centimetres of soil on the shallow raw groove upper cap for put completely soft filler, when potato seed is larger
Eye is towards one side, and away from shallow raw 1-3 centimetres of groove upper end, and strip potato kind is placed should be parallel with shallow raw groove.
3) 20 grams of compound fertilizer (equivalent 30 kilograms every mu) is applied for every plant, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields or spreaded manuer in holes 200 kilograms of plant ash, becomes thoroughly decomposed
1000 kilograms of organic matter fertilizer.
4) it is made into shallow ridge body of 5-15 centimetres of the raw groove depth with gutter.
5th, cover
Using shallow raw groove planting Chinese yam, Chinese yam potato wedge is grown in shallow soil layer, by covering the thing that shelters from heat or light, to keep the soil layer wet
Profit, is conducive to potato wedge fast growth.Covering method can after the rain or after drenching be carried out, single file kind after emerging, before staking
That plants is covered with wide 1 meter of black mulch film and compresses four sides, then covers straw or other things that shelter from heat or light, can also cover merely straw or
Other things that shelter from heat or light.
6th, field management
1) weeding.Butachlor is used after rain, every mu of milliliter of consumption 10 is watered 50 kilograms of sprinklings.
2) staking.After sowing 10-15 days, native face is exposed in the big portion of potato seedling growth, lower bamboo son should be inserted in time, into duplicate rows " people " word
Frame, allows Chinese yam rattan to wind naturally, prevents tender rattan withered by shining on ground.Note when slotting bamboo is young, it is impossible to be inserted in plastic channel.
3) apply fertilizer.Neat after seedling is topdressed once for every 15~25 days, and company applies 3~4 times, public per Mu Shi composite fertilizers 30~50 every time
Earthing is answered in jin, fertilising, it is to avoid fertilizer efficiency is lost, and should be applied fertilizer after the rain or after pouring water, but it should be noted that should treat Chinese yam ditch
It could be applied fertilizer after water is dry.
4) water management is carried out, drouth should pour water, rainy season timely draining, September to November is the quick expanding stage of potato wedge, to be protected
Hold ground moistening.
5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out.Added by the end of September when soil is wetter with 250 grams every mu of 500 grams every mu of metrifonate or match pellet
60 kilograms of water, is sprayed on the face of Chinese yam field, control of grubs with sprayer；Added with 250 grams of 200 grams of dicofol plus sulphur colloidal suspending agent
100 grams of carbendazim (or 100 grams of thiophanate) water distribution, 50 kilograms of sprayings, preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and anthracnose.
4th, harvest
Start harvesting after New Year's Day, take the phase to can continue until June.During harvesting, after soil is opened, whole French fries are taken out, retained shallow
Raw groove, earthing, is planted when favorable season again；Also it can be cut off with pocket knife away from the centimeters of potato head about 12, potato wedge is taken out simultaneously
Potato head is left, retains shallow raw groove, again earthing, can regrowth knot potato through management.
Embodiment 2
First, the preparation before planting
1) selection of land.The selection sandy loam plot that soil layer is deep, fertile and level of ground water is below 1 meter cultivation Chinese yam.
2) adapted varieties is selected.The selection disease-resistant, shape of high yield and the excellent long cylindricality yam variety of epidermis characteristic, it is desirable to its
Tuber length is more than 1 meter.Conventional kind has the long Chinese yam of fine, soft fur, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China, favour building Chinese yam etc..
3) plastic bushing is processed.From thinner thickness plastic processing into 100~110 centimetres of flute length, groove depth 1.8~4.5
Centimetre, 7~14 centimetres of groove arc length, groove arc radius of curvature be
4) 1.5~5 centimetres of plastic channel, the upper end closed of guide slot, lower ending opening, and set several small at bottom land
Hole.
5) site preparation puts sleeve pipe.The use of shallow raw sleeve pipe cultivation is not very strict to soil requirement, mu plants about 1800 plants.Typically
Single file is planted, 1.3~1.5 meters of line-spacing, about 20 centimetres of strain spacing.The ridge with constant slope is first played, then excavation width is 7 lis
Rice, gradient are 15 degree or so of parallel oblique ditch, are put into shallow raw sleeve pipe, insert the soft filler such as husk chaff, wood chip, fine sand, then
Cover thin soil.Sleeve upper end leaves mark (as target when sowing) and waits plantation.
6) base manure is used sufficient.Chinese yam is a kind of fertilizer-favorable plant, uses sufficient base manure and is conducive to improving Chinese yam yield.To combine site preparation every
Mu applies 2000~3000 kilograms of the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, 20~25 kilograms of urea, 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate 25~35,000
Gram.20~30 centimetres are ploughed deeply before planting.
2nd, proper seeding
1) choose seeds.It is required that potato seed is bright in colour, terminal bud is full, and stem tuber is sturdy, and knurl is dilute, and root is few, no disease and pests harm, without putrefaction,
Do not endure cold, weigh 150 grams or so.Requirement its diameter sowed with Chinese yam cross-talk is more than 3 centimetres, and length is 15~20 centimetres.
2) block processing is planted.The healthy potato wedge of choosing in 20~25 days cooks potato kind before planting, by long 1 meter or so, transverse diameter 2.5~4.5
Centimetre thinner stem tuber be cut into some segments of 15~20 centimeter lengths, and mark upper and lower end with writing brush；Then by each section
Lime is dipped in, is placed under the sun and shines several days, shine always untill paragraph header has minute crack, it is therefore an objective to sterilization and stratification；Finally
Stack, planted during plantation in category set respectively by head, centre, afterbody and size, be so conducive to Chinese yam balance coordination to give birth to
It is long.The phase of basking seeds will handle with care, with scratching.Windproof, rain-proof and frost protection work are carried out simultaneously.
3) vernalization.The preceding vernalization in 15~20 days of sowing.Potato wedge can be paved into after 15 cm thicks indoors during vernalization cover it is wet
Straw mat, typically grows after the centimeter length of sprouting 3~5 i.e. portable, 1 healthy and strong bud is only stayed during plantation, remaining is taken off.Pregermination procedure
In potato seed will be stirred often, be allowed to germination uniform sturdy.During vernalization, 0.5~1 mg/kg gibberellin liquid or 0.1% can be used
~0.2% potassium permanganate liquid is soaked seed 10~15 minutes, can improve Germination effect.
4) sow.More than 12 DEG C are being gone back up to when ground temperature, ground temperature is planted when stably reaching more than 10 DEG C.Chinese yam is intolerant to frost
Freeze, therefore seedtime will typically be sowed with being advisable after latest frost in mid or late April.During plantation, the shallow of completely soft filler is being put
Potato seed is put down after the soil that 2~3 cm thicks are covered on raw sleeve pipe, eye is upward.Strip potato kind is placed should be parallel with sleeve pipe, potato kind
It is put in sleeve pipe, 1~2 centimetre away from sleeve pipe upper wall.
3rd, the management main points after planting
1) intertill.Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, and can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.In after planting wanting in time
Plough 1~2 time.Seedling is to prevent from growing weeds after being unearthed, and is still to 2~3 shallow intertillages of carry out.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam
Shallow, the place remote from Chinese yam is deep.With growing up for Chinese yam, intertill appropriate to the occasion away from Chinese yam.
2) built.When Chinese yam vines length to 30 centimeter length, " people " cabinet frame is taken, frame height is advisable with 1.5~2 meters, support
Assign firmly, to prevent being fallen by wind.Timely draws climing restocking is wanted, side shoot is not extractd typically, but to extract in time and is not used as to reserve seed for planting
Aerial stem because aerial stem quantity can excessively influence expanding for Chinese yam stem tuber.
3) water.Though Chinese yam is drought-enduring plant, to make every effort to high yield, also suitably to water., can be using spray when arid serious
Filling or the method for small water infiltrating irrigation.Waterlogging caused by excessive rain weather wants timely draining.When Chinese yam vines are grown to it is 1 meter or so long when pour first time water.This
It is secondary to water unsuitable too early, it otherwise can delay root growth.Water of watering is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.When main stem grows to frame top, plant
When strain bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.
4) topdress.General to carry out topdressing for the first time when second or third time water, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea.
Topdressed for the second time when Chinese yam beans start to expand, every mu imposes 30 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some mountains
Carry out third time when medicine beans are started shedding off to topdress, every mu imposes 20 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.
5) preventing disease pest control.The disease of Chinese yam mainly has anthracnose, leaf spot, stem rot and root knot nematode disease.Prevent and treat anthrax
Disease and leaf spot can select 70% Mancozeb, 600 times of liquid or 80% 500 times of liquid of good fortune good fortune zinc；Stem rot is prevented and treated with 75,%00 bacterium
Clear 600
6) times liquid irrigating root；30% captan can be used by preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, and every mu of consumption is 1 kilogram, in before sowing
It is mixed into soil and sterilizes.Insect pest mainly has cabbage sawfly and pleonomus canaliculatus etc., and preventing and treating cabbage sawfly 90% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid spray
Mist, prevents and treats pleonomus canaliculatus 800 times of liquid irrigating roots of phoxim.
4th, harvest in time
Late October, harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.During harvest, support and vines are first removed, from the one of Chinese yam ditch
Side is cut the earth, until plastic bushing all exposes, then Chinese yam and plastic bushing are removed together, is opened plastic bushing and is taken out Chinese yam and is
Can
5th, cultivation effect
The above method and conventional method are utilized respectively in Jinxian County San Yang towns and respectively plants 2 mu of Ruichang Chinese yam, take random area
The method of group experiment, calculates the links institutes such as each required seedling, site preparation, agriculture chemical, built, draws climing, harvesting respectively
The goods and materials cost and cost of labor, yield, the output value and net profit needed.
As a result show, required goods and materials cost is more or less the same two methods in process of production, but needed for conventional method
Cost of labor be 5 times of half-covering tube cultural method, and the Chinese yam potato shape of half-covering tube cultivation technique production is regular, sells lover,
Yield is 1.3 times of conventional method resulting yield.Therefore this technology is for improving Chinese yam yield and quality, reduction production cost tool
There is more significant effect.
Embodiment 3
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) selection level of ground water is in below 1m sandy loam plot；Take length 100cm, groove depth 1.8cm, groove arc length 7cm
Plastic material half-covering tube, in opening up some holes in its cambered surface, by the half-covering tube with the inclination angle with horizontal direction in 12 °, arc
It is embedded in down in the sandy loam plot；Flour sand is taken, with wooden chaff or husk chaff with 80:15 weight after mixing than inserting institute
State in half-covering tube, cover 2cm sandy soils；Organic fertilizer；
2) Chinese yam is taken, with every piece of 35g weight stripping and slicing, section dips in lime or plant ash, and after shining 2d under sunlight；Then
Vernalization；Under conditions of more than 12 DEG C of temperature, more than 10 DEG C of ground temperature, the Chinese yam potato wedge after vernalization is broadcast with the angle of eye upward
Kind in step 1) in the 2cm sandy soils；
3) cultivate to the withered rear harvesting of Chinese yam overground part cauline leaf.
On the basis of above technical scheme, following condition is met：
Step 1) in after half-covering tube is embedded in sandy loam plot, the difference in height at the half-covering tube two ends is 23cm.
The mixture of flour sand and wooden chaff or husk chaff is inserted after half-covering tube, first contains 45% (w/w) stone in one layer of lid thereon
The sandy soils of ashes, then cover 2cm sandy soils again.
Embedding in the sandy loam plot to have some half-covering tubes, some half-covering tubes are parallel to each other, and described some half cover
Tube pitch is 1.3 meters；The strain spacing sowed on same half-covering tube is 18cm.
Step 1) it is described embedding, it is the first ridging on the sandy loam plot, then in excavation width be thereon 6cm and water
Square to the groove in 12 ° of inclination angles, the half-covering tube is then put into.
The Chinese yam is Ruichang Chinese yam.
After planting intertill 1 time；Seedling is intertilled 2 times again after being unearthed；When Chinese yam vines length to 30 centimeter length, taken above crop
If being highly 1.5m A-frame；Draws climing restocking.
After before setting up A-frame, after rain or sandy loam plot is drenched, using black film mulching on crop, then
Cover straw.
Step 3) cultivation in, topdress once within every 15 days after seedling thinning, company applies 3 times, it is public per Mu Shi composite fertilizers 30 every time
Jin.
Step 3) cultivation in, late September is added water 60 kilograms with 500 grams every mu of metrifonate or red 250 grams every mu of match,
It is sprayed on the sandy loam plot；Simultaneously with 200 grams of dicofol plus 100 grams of 250 grams of sulphur colloidal suspending agent plus carbendazim or support
50 kilograms of 100 grams of cloth Tianjin water distribution, is sprayed on the sandy loam plot.
Embodiment 4
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) selection level of ground water is in below 1m sandy loam plot；Take length 110cm, groove depth 4.5cm, groove arc length 14cm
Plastic material half-covering tube, in opening up some holes in its cambered surface, by the half-covering tube with the inclination angle with horizontal direction in 18 °, arc
It is embedded in down in the sandy loam plot；Flour sand is taken, with wooden chaff or husk chaff with 80:25 weight after mixing than inserting institute
State in half-covering tube, cover 3cm sandy soils；Organic fertilizer；
2) Chinese yam is taken, with every piece of 45g weight stripping and slicing, section dips in lime or plant ash, and after shining 4d under sunlight；Then
Vernalization；Under conditions of more than 12 DEG C of temperature, more than 10 DEG C of ground temperature, the Chinese yam potato wedge after vernalization is broadcast with the angle of eye upward
Kind in step 1) in the 3cm sandy soils；
3) cultivate to the withered rear harvesting of Chinese yam overground part cauline leaf.
On the basis of above technical scheme, following condition is met：
Step 1) in after half-covering tube is embedded in sandy loam plot, the difference in height at the half-covering tube two ends is 27cm.
The mixture of flour sand and wooden chaff or husk chaff is inserted after half-covering tube, first contains 55% (w/w) stone in one layer of lid thereon
The sandy soils of ashes, then cover 3cm sandy soils again.
Embedding in the sandy loam plot to have some half-covering tubes, some half-covering tubes are parallel to each other, and described some half cover
Tube pitch is 1.5 meters；The strain spacing sowed on same half-covering tube is 22cm.
Step 1) it is described embedding, it is the first ridging on the sandy loam plot, then in excavation width be thereon 8cm and water
Square to the groove in 18 ° of inclination angles, the half-covering tube is then put into.
The Chinese yam is favour building Chinese yam.
After planting intertill 2 times；Seedling is intertilled 3 times again after being unearthed；When Chinese yam vines length to 30 centimeter length, taken above crop
If being highly 2m A-frame；Draws climing restocking.
Step 3) cultivation in, topdress once within every 25 days after seedling thinning, company applies 4 times, it is public per Mu Shi composite fertilizers 50 every time
Jin.
Embodiment 5
A kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) selection level of ground water is in below 1m sandy loam plot；Take length 105cm, groove depth 3.1cm, groove arc length 10cm
Plastic material half-covering tube, in opening up some holes in its cambered surface, by the half-covering tube with the inclination angle with horizontal direction in 15 °, arc
It is embedded in down in the sandy loam plot；Flour sand is taken, with wooden chaff or husk chaff with 80:20 weight after mixing than inserting institute
State in half-covering tube, cover 2.5cm sandy soils；Organic fertilizer；
2) Chinese yam is taken, with every piece of 40g weight stripping and slicing, section dips in lime or plant ash, and after shining 3d under sunlight；Then
Vernalization；Under conditions of more than 12 DEG C of temperature, more than 10 DEG C of ground temperature, the Chinese yam potato wedge after vernalization is broadcast with the angle of eye upward
Kind in step 1) in the 2.5cm sandy soils；
3) cultivate to the withered rear harvesting of Chinese yam overground part cauline leaf.
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail above, but the content is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the invention.All any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements done in the application range of the present invention etc., all should
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) selection level of ground water is in below 1m sandy loam plot；Take 100~110cm of length, 1.8~4.5cm of groove depth, groove arc length
7~14cm plastic material half-covering tube, in opening up some holes in its cambered surface, by the half-covering tube with horizontal direction in 12~
18 ° of inclination angle, cambered surface are embedded in the sandy loam plot down；Flour sand is taken, with wooden chaff or husk chaff with 80:15~80:25
Weight than mixing after insert in the half-covering tube, cover 2~3cm sandy soils；Organic fertilizer；
2) Chinese yam is taken, with every piece of 35~45g weight stripping and slicing, section dips in lime or plant ash, and after 2~4d of solarization under sunlight；
Then vernalization；Under conditions of more than 12 DEG C of temperature, more than 10 DEG C of ground temperature, by angle of the Chinese yam potato wedge with eye upward after vernalization
Degree is seeded in step 1) in 2~3cm sandy soils；
3) cultivate to the withered rear harvesting of Chinese yam overground part cauline leaf.
2. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in half cover
After pipe is embedded in sandy loam plot, the difference in height at the half-covering tube two ends is 23~27cm.
3. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flour sand and wooden chaff or
The mixture of husk chaff is inserted after half-covering tube, first contains the sandy soils of 45~55% (w/w) pulverized limestones in one layer of lid thereon, then
2~3cm sandy soils are covered again.
4. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sandy loam soil
Embedding in block to have some half-covering tubes, some half-covering tubes are parallel to each other, and some half-covering tube spacing are 1.3~1.5 meters；Together
The strain spacing sowed on one half-covering tube is 18~22cm.
5. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) described bury
Put, be the first ridging on the sandy loam plot, then excavation width is 6~8cm, inclined with horizontal direction in 12~18 ° thereon
The groove at angle, is then put into the half-covering tube.
6. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Chinese yam is auspicious
Prosperous Chinese yam, sole potato, bamboo punt-pole potato, the long Chinese yam of fine, soft fur, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China or favour building Chinese yam.
7. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after planting intertillage 1~
2 times；Seedling is intertilled 2~3 times again after being unearthed；When Chinese yam vines length to 30 centimeter length, scaffolding height is 1.5~2m above crop
A-frame；Draws climing restocking.
8. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 7, it is characterised in that set up A-frame it
Before, after rain or after sandy loam plot drenched, using black film mulching on crop, then cover straw.
9. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) cultivation
During, topdress once within every 15~25 days after seedling thinning, company applies 3~4 times, every time per 30~50 kilograms of Mu Shi composite fertilizers.
10. a kind of half-covering tube cultural method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) cultivation
During, late September is added water 60 kilograms with 500 grams every mu of metrifonate or red 250 grams every mu of match, is sprayed at the sandy loam plot
On；Simultaneously with 200 grams of dicofol plus 250 grams of sulphur colloidal suspending agent plus 100 grams of carbendazim or 100 grams of thiophanate, 50 kilograms of water distribution,
It is sprayed on the sandy loam plot.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107853114A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-30 | 唐乐正 | The shallow raw directional planting method of sweet potato |
| CN108849352A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 郭永生 | A kind of implantation methods improving RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China quality and yield |
| CN110476763A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating sweet potato |
| CN112602578A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-06 | 安顺富源特色农产品有限公司 | Soilless culture method of Chinese yam |
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2017
- 2017-02-15 CN CN201710081565.0A patent/CN107046975A/en active Pending
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| 兰成云等: "山药实用栽培技术浅析", 《中国果菜》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107853114A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-30 | 唐乐正 | The shallow raw directional planting method of sweet potato |
| CN108849352A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 郭永生 | A kind of implantation methods improving RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China quality and yield |
| CN110476763A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating sweet potato |
| CN112602578A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-06 | 安顺富源特色农产品有限公司 | Soilless culture method of Chinese yam |
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