CN104737768A - Efficient culture method of taro - Google Patents
Efficient culture method of taro Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737768A CN104737768A CN201510177892.7A CN201510177892A CN104737768A CN 104737768 A CN104737768 A CN 104737768A CN 201510177892 A CN201510177892 A CN 201510177892A CN 104737768 A CN104737768 A CN 104737768A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient culture method of taro. The method comprises the steps of preparing parent taro; selecting the land; ploughing; ridging; seeding; intertilling and hilling; performing fertilizer and water management; protecting the plant; harvesting. The method is characterized in that the parent taro is selected from the pre-stored parent taro locally harvested in the last year; the selected parent taro is used for culturing at the current year; the size f the parent taro is applicable to mechanical seeding; the land selected is deep and thick in soil layer, fertile and loose soil, and convenient to drain and irrigate water, and the land is not used for planting taro in last two years; the works of ploughing, ridging, seeding, intertilling and hilling, protecting the plant, and harvesting are mechanically performed, so that the labor intensity of farmers and the labor quantity can be greatly reduced; the mechanically ridged land is smooth in ridge and ditch system which is beneficial for resisting drought and draining flood; the seeding is uniform in density and consistent in depth; the taro develops uniformly; the plant is fast; the management efficiency is high; the technical support is provided for wide production of tuber crops.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, particularly relate to the efficient cultivation method of a kind of taro.
Background technology
The nutritive value of taro is very high, especially originate in " Xiangsha dasheen " that In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Jiangsu Province is domestic, the traditional Chinese medical science is thought, " Xiangsha dasheen " property is sweet, pungent, flat, enter intestines, stomach, there is the effects such as beneficial stomach, wide intestines, defaecation dissipating bind, bowl spares liver and kidney benefiting, sperm adding and marrow healthing, supplemental treatment dry and hard excrement, Thyroid Gland Swell, scrofula, mastitis, insect bite honeybee are bitten, the illness such as helminth addiction block, acute arthritis has certain effect." Xiangsha dasheen " belongs to the excellent landrace in how sub-taro class, and the content of starch in stem tuber reaches 70%, and have husky glutinous moderate, the feature such as mouthfeel is good, both can work as grain, and can do again vegetables, be suitable to people of all ages invigorant, autumn benefit vegetarian diet one treasured." Xiangsha dasheen " is also rich in the Multiple components such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, carotin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, saponin.Along with people's quality of life improves constantly, be particular about diet eutrophy and diversity, the people pursuing Dietotherapy health also gets more and more, so, in recent years, this taro place of production one was to taro harvest time in autumn, and just supply falls short of demand for taro, and price goes up year by year, the per mu yield benefit of plantation peasant household is higher than other economic crops several times.But, the cultivation management of taro be one take a lot of work, the crop genetics process of time-consuming, effort, traditional methods of cultivation can not meet the demand in market at all, particularly peasant is with traditional manpower farming, scattered plantation, drastically increase the production cost of taro, expand cultivated area to be restricted, so just seriously constrain this plantation having the economic crops of characteristic of " Xiangsha dasheen " taro and develop, the money affecting peasant increases income enthusiasm.Therefore, the efficient cultivation method of a kind of taro of urgent innovation is the demand in market, the demand of peasant's money.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the efficient cultivation method of a kind of taro, improve the plantation efficiency of taro, well overcome above listed peasant and plant taro Problems existing by conventional method, for expanding cultivated area fast within the limited sowing time, specification plant protection manages, reduce the plantation integrated cost of taro, provide technical guarantee.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved by the following technical solution: the efficient cultivation method of a kind of taro, comprise kind of taro to prepare, selection of land, plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, rich water quality management, plant protection and results, it is characterized in that: described kind of taro prepare be last year originate in this area receive in the kind taro prestored and select again, selected kind taro is used as to cultivate then, qualified kind of taro is that terminal bud enriches in aubergine, anosis pityriasis simplex, have no mechanical damage, monomer weight is 30g ~ 40g, length is no more than the sub-taro of 6cm, prior to seeding the kind taro selected is shone 2 ~ 3 days, again the withered leaf sheath around kind of taro bud is divested stand-by, described selection of land is for selecting soil layer deep, fertile soil loosens, row irrigation is convenient, nearly loam field of not planting taro for 2 years, describedly to plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, plant protection and results carry out farmland operation respectively according to during sequence in season in season, this farmland operation is all adopt mechanized operation.
It is adopt tractor and plough in described selected field with the rotovator of tractor that described machinery is ploughed, and ploughs soil depth and is greater than 15cm, ploughs rear solarization soil 1 ~ 3 day, ploughs in small, broken bits to soil, loose.
Described mechanical ridging adopts in mini-size tillage machine or the field of multifunction farmland manager after ploughing to carry out ridging operation, ridge body (1) cross section of protuberance is trapezoid, top, ridge (2) is wide: 40cm ~ 55cm, at the bottom of ridge, (3) are wide: 70cm ~ 85cm, ridge is high: 15cm ~ 30cm, whole field is booked the ridge body identical with ridge body (1), described ridge body (1) and the parallel arranged adjacent of other ridge body, ridge body is separated with furrow (4) each other, the bottom width of this furrow (4) is 15cm ~ 30cm, the furrow of whole field is identical with described furrow (4), during machinery ridging operation, adjustment machinery makes the ridge body after ridging consistent, ridge straight flute is put down, the furrow depth is consistent.
Described mechanical planting adopts vegetable transplants machine operation, operating efficiency is set to 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour, vegetable transplanter moves ahead along furrow, in moving ahead, to Ti Kai cave, ridge in the plane of top, ridge, after opening cave, one selected, kind taro one cave is implanted in cave by the mechanical device of vegetable transplanter in succession automatically, plant taro and implant the earthing wheel of described vegetable transplanter after in cave immediately to the automatic earthing in taro cave, thickness of earth covering controls at 2cm ~ 3cm, during seeding operation, in the charging alms bowl cup of described vegetable transplanter, each alms bowl cup puts a kind taro, and control in alms bowl cup, place kind of a taro not omit continuously, every bar taro ridge end face sows two row taros side by side, the taro line-spacing 30cm ~ 40cm of sowing, spacing in the rows 30cm ~ 40cm, control every mu of sowing 3500 caves, cave ~ 4500, sowing time starts to terminating by the end of March at annual mid or late March.
Described mechanical cultivation and banking adopts multifunction farmland manager during July ~ August, 7 ~ 8 true leaf periods are grown taro, a cultivation and banking is carried out to taro, described multifunction farmland manager moves ahead along described furrow, the surface to taro ridge body shed by the rotation colter of multifunction farmland manager after being smashed by the top layer earth in furrow, taro nearly native top layer root and whole taro ridge body soil layer are thickeied, the limit leaf applying taro fertilizer in the ranks and taro in advance and sprout pumping is buried in the earth, ridging THICKNESS CONTROL is at 3cm ~ 5cm, the operating efficiency of machinery controls at 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour.
Described mechanical plant protection adopts power driven sprayer, and according to damage by disease and insect in taro process of growth, a situation arises carries out spray medicine and prevent and treat, for the epidemic disease occurred in taro process of growth and rot, at the initial stage of a disease with 65% zineb or 500 times ~ 600 times liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn wettable powder, when there is underground pests, employing is poured water deinsectization or period poison bait, prodenia litura occurs adopts hooligan's missible oil 1000 times of liquid sprayings that press down of 5% to prevent and treat, Pesticide use safety interval more than 15 days.
Described mechanical harvest adopts picker for tuber crops to gather in the crops, select the carrier tractor traction of gap, highland, the chassis road clearance is greater than 25cm, the excavating depth of described reaping machine adjusts between 20cm ~ 30cm according to taro growing way situation then, to reach taro damage ratio≤1.5% of excavation, percent of loss≤2%.
Fertilising in described rich water quality management is when taro seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, every mu with ripe rotten muck 500kg be watered 1000kg water apply first time seed manure, after this after 10 days ~ 15 days, every mu with ripe rotten muck 700kg be watered 800kg water apply second time seed manure, when taro seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, execute ripe rotten muck 2000kg for every mu, 45% composite fertilizer 15kg makes tiller fertilizer, when taro grows 7 ~ 8 true leaves, in conjunction with described cultivation and banking, histosol miscellaneous fertilizers every mu of 3000kg is used between two row taros of every bar taro ridge end face, potassium sulfate 15kg or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40kg, rape shell adds wheat shell 300kg or bud green fertile 1000kg and makes knots taro and expand fertilizer, the management of the water in described rich water quality management is field will be kept in the tiller phase of taro process of growth moistening with knot taro expanding stage, meet dry weather and will irrigate basement water in time.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1. alleviate peasant's labour intensity, decrease the amount of labour used, peasant is freed from heavy manual labor, compared with traditional cultivation method, in taro cultivation, overall efficiency improves 20 times.
2. be conducive to the volume increase good harvest of taro.Adopt mechanical ridging and cultivation and banking, there is ditch system unobstructed, be conducive to drought resisting, water drainage, adopt mechanical planting, thickness of sowing is even, the depth is consistent, and bring and emerge together, ontogeny is balanced, and growing way is good, be conducive to plant protection, for increasing both production and income provides guarantee, every mu of economy increases income more than 380 yuan.
3. kind to plant with the efficiency of management high, do mechanization operation is that tuber crops large area is produced and provided technical support, in limited sowing, in the management phase, can maximize the re-set target realizing taro large area and produce like this.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1 be taro of the present invention efficient cultivation method described in the schematic diagram on taro ridge
Embodiment
The efficient cultivation method of taro of the present invention, comprise kind of taro to prepare, selection of land, plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, rich water quality management, plant protection and results, it is characterized in that: described kind of taro prepare be last year originate in this area receive in the kind taro prestored and select again, selected kind taro is used as to cultivate then, qualified kind of taro is that terminal bud enriches in aubergine, anosis pityriasis simplex, have no mechanical damage, monomer weight is 30g ~ 40g, length is no more than the sub-taro of 6cm, prior to seeding the kind taro selected is shone 2 ~ 3 days, again the withered leaf sheath around kind of taro bud is divested stand-by, described selection of land is for selecting soil layer deep, fertile soil loosens, row irrigation is convenient, nearly loam field of not planting taro for 2 years, describedly to plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, plant protection and results carry out farmland operation respectively according to during sequence in season in season, this farmland operation is all adopt mechanized operation.During enforcement, in conjunction with the technological requirement of taro plantation, the process route of do mechanization operation is: → mechanical ridging → mechanical planting → mechanical cultivation and banking → mechanical plant protection → mechanical harvest ploughed by machinery.
It is adopt tractor and plough in described selected field with the rotovator of tractor that described machinery is ploughed, and ploughs soil depth and is greater than 15cm, ploughs rear solarization soil 1 ~ 3 day, ploughs in small, broken bits to soil, loose.
As shown in Figure 1, described mechanical ridging adopts in mini-size tillage machine or the field of multifunction farmland manager after ploughing to carry out ridging operation, ridge body 1 cross section of protuberance is trapezoid, ridge is pushed up 2 wide: 40cm ~ 55cm, at the bottom of ridge, (3) are wide: 70cm ~ 85cm, ridge is high: 15cm ~ 30cm, whole field is booked the ridge body identical with ridge body 1, described ridge body 1 and the parallel arranged adjacent of other ridge body, ridge body is separated with furrow 4 each other, the bottom width of this furrow 4 is 15cm ~ 30cm, the furrow of whole field is identical with described furrow 4, during machinery ridging operation, adjustment machinery makes the ridge body after ridging consistent, ridge straight flute is put down, the furrow depth is consistent.
As shown in Figure 1, described mechanical planting adopts vegetable transplants machine operation, operating efficiency is set to 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour, vegetable transplanter moves ahead along described furrow 4, in moving ahead, push up on described ridge in 2 planes and cave is opened to described ridge body 1, after opening cave, one selected, kind taro one cave is implanted in cave by the mechanical device of vegetable transplanter in succession automatically, plant taro and implant the earthing wheel of described vegetable transplanter after in cave immediately to the automatic earthing in taro cave, thickness of earth covering controls at 2cm ~ 3cm, during seeding operation, in the charging alms bowl cup of described vegetable transplanter, each alms bowl cup puts a kind taro, and control in alms bowl cup, place kind of a taro not omit continuously, 2 sowing two row taros are side by side pushed up on every bar taro ridge, the taro line-spacing 30cm ~ 40cm of sowing, spacing in the rows 30cm ~ 40cm, control every mu of sowing 3500 caves, cave ~ 4500, sowing time starts to terminating by the end of March at annual mid or late March.
Described mechanical cultivation and banking adopts multifunction farmland manager during July ~ August, 7 ~ 8 true leaf periods are grown taro, a cultivation and banking is carried out to taro, described multifunction farmland manager moves ahead along described furrow 4, the surface to taro ridge body 1 shed by the rotation colter of multifunction farmland manager after being smashed by the top layer earth in furrow 4, taro nearly native top layer root and whole taro ridge body 1 soil layer are thickeied, the limit leaf applying taro fertilizer in the ranks and taro in advance and sprout pumping is buried in the earth, ridging THICKNESS CONTROL is at 3cm ~ 5cm, the operating efficiency of machinery controls at 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour.When ploughing ridging operation in force, adjust described rotation colter and insert the depth of soil layer to control ridging amount, adjustment rotates colter both sides baffle angles and sheds distance to control earth, the earth shed can be covered and push up along the surface of ridge, furrow both sides body and ridge, do not drop into again in opposite side furrow.
Described mechanical plant protection adopts power driven sprayer, and according to damage by disease and insect in taro process of growth, a situation arises carries out spray medicine and prevent and treat, for the epidemic disease occurred in taro process of growth and rot, at the initial stage of a disease with 65% zineb or 500 times ~ 600 times liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn wettable powder, when there is underground pests, employing is poured water deinsectization or period poison bait, prodenia litura occurs adopts hooligan's missible oil 1000 times of liquid sprayings that press down of 5% to prevent and treat, Pesticide use safety interval more than 15 days.
Described mechanical harvest adopts picker for tuber crops to gather in the crops, select the carrier tractor traction of gap, highland, the chassis road clearance is greater than 25cm, the excavating depth of described reaping machine adjusts between 20cm ~ 30cm according to taro growing way situation then, when mechanical harvest operation, observe the taro damage ratio excavating out and percent of loss in time, in time the mechanical excavating depth of adjustment, to reach taro damage ratio≤1.5% of excavation, percent of loss≤2%.
Fertilising in described rich water quality management is when taro seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, every mu with ripe rotten muck 500kg be watered 1000kg water apply first time seed manure, after this after 10 days ~ 15 days, every mu with ripe rotten muck 700kg be watered 800kg water apply second time seed manure, when taro seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, execute ripe rotten muck 2000kg for every mu, 45% composite fertilizer 15kg makes tiller fertilizer, when taro grows 7 ~ 8 true leaves, in conjunction with described cultivation and banking, histosol miscellaneous fertilizers every mu of 3000kg is used between two row taros of every bar taro ridge end face, potassium sulfate 15kg or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40kg, rape shell adds wheat shell 300kg or bud green fertile 1000kg and makes knots taro and expand fertilizer, the management of the water in described rich water quality management is field will be kept in the tiller phase of taro process of growth moistening with knot taro expanding stage, meet dry weather and will irrigate basement water in time.Tiller phase and the knot taro expanding stage of taro process of growth refer to that taro grows the period of 3 ~ 4 true leaves and 7 ~ 8 true leaves respectively.
Claims (8)
1. the efficient cultivation method of a taro, comprise: plant taro and prepare, selection of land, plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, rich water quality management, plant protection and results, it is characterized in that: described kind of taro prepare be last year originate in this area receive in the kind taro prestored and select again, selected kind taro is used as to cultivate then, qualified kind of taro is that terminal bud enriches in aubergine, anosis pityriasis simplex, have no mechanical damage, monomer weight is 30g ~ 40g, length is no more than the sub-taro of 6cm, prior to seeding the kind taro selected is shone 2 ~ 3 days, again the withered leaf sheath around kind of taro bud is divested stand-by, described selection of land is for selecting soil layer deep, fertile soil loosens, row irrigation is convenient, nearly loam field of not planting taro for 2 years, describedly to plough, ridging, sowing, cultivation and banking, plant protection and results carry out farmland operation respectively according to during sequence in season in season, this farmland operation is all adopt mechanized operation.
2. according to the efficient cultivation method of taro according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is adopt tractor and plough in described selected field with the rotovator of tractor that described machinery is ploughed, plough soil depth and be greater than 15cm, plough rear solarization soil 1 ~ 3 day, plough in small, broken bits to soil, loose.
3. according to the efficient cultivation method of taro according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mechanical ridging adopts in mini-size tillage machine or the field of multifunction farmland manager after ploughing to carry out ridging operation, ridge body (1) cross section of protuberance is trapezoid, top, ridge (2) is wide: 40cm ~ 55cm, at the bottom of ridge, (3) are wide: 70cm ~ 85cm, ridge is high: 15cm ~ 30cm, whole field is booked the ridge body identical with ridge body (1), described ridge body (1) and the parallel arranged adjacent of other ridge body, ridge body is separated with furrow (4) each other, the bottom width of this furrow (4) is 15cm ~ 30cm, the furrow of whole field is identical with described furrow (4), during machinery ridging operation, adjustment machinery makes the ridge body after ridging consistent, ridge straight flute is put down, the furrow depth is consistent.
4. according to the efficient cultivation method of the taro described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: described mechanical planting adopts vegetable transplants machine operation, operating efficiency is set to 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour, vegetable transplanter moves ahead along described furrow (4), in moving ahead, top, described ridge (2) plane opens cave to described ridge body (1), after opening cave, one selected, kind taro one cave is implanted in cave by the mechanical device of vegetable transplanter in succession automatically, plant taro and implant the earthing wheel of described vegetable transplanter after in cave immediately to the automatic earthing in taro cave, thickness of earth covering controls at 2cm ~ 3cm, during seeding operation, in the charging alms bowl cup of described vegetable transplanter, each alms bowl cup puts a kind taro, and control in alms bowl cup, place kind of a taro not omit continuously, two row taros are sowed in (2) face, top, every bar taro ridge side by side, the taro line-spacing 30cm ~ 40cm of sowing, spacing in the rows 30cm ~ 40cm, control every mu of sowing 3500 caves, cave ~ 4500, sowing time starts to terminating by the end of March at annual mid or late March.
5. according to the efficient cultivation method of the taro described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: described mechanical cultivation and banking adopts multifunction farmland manager during July ~ August, 7 ~ 8 true leaf periods are grown taro, a cultivation and banking is carried out to taro, described multifunction farmland manager moves ahead along described furrow (4), the surface to taro ridge body (1) shed by the rotation colter of multifunction farmland manager after being smashed by the top layer earth in furrow (4), taro nearly native top layer root and whole taro ridge body (1) soil layer are thickeied, the limit leaf applying taro fertilizer in the ranks and taro in advance and sprout pumping is buried in the earth, ridging THICKNESS CONTROL is at 3cm ~ 5cm, the operating efficiency of machinery controls at 1 mu ~ 2 mu per hour.
6. according to the efficient cultivation method of taro according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mechanical plant protection adopts power driven sprayer, and according to damage by disease and insect in taro process of growth, a situation arises carries out spray medicine and prevent and treat, for the epidemic disease occurred in taro process of growth and rot, at the initial stage of a disease with 65% zineb or 500 times ~ 600 times liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn wettable powder, when there is underground pests, employing is poured water deinsectization or period poison bait, prodenia litura occurs adopts hooligan's missible oil 1000 times of liquid sprayings that press down of 5% to prevent and treat, Pesticide use safety interval more than 15 days.
7. according to the efficient cultivation method of taro according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mechanical harvest adopts picker for tuber crops to gather in the crops, select the carrier tractor traction of gap, highland, the chassis road clearance is greater than 25cm, the excavating depth of described reaping machine adjusts between 20cm ~ 30cm according to taro growing way situation then, to reach taro damage ratio≤1.5% of excavation, percent of loss≤2%.
8. according to the efficient cultivation method of the taro described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: the fertilising in described rich water quality management is when taro seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, every mu with ripe rotten muck 500kg be watered 1000kg water apply first time seed manure, after this after 10 days ~ 15 days, every mu with ripe rotten muck 700kg be watered 800kg water apply second time seed manure, when taro seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, execute ripe rotten muck 2000kg for every mu, 45% composite fertilizer 15kg makes tiller fertilizer, when taro grows 7 ~ 8 true leaves, in conjunction with cultivation and banking, histosol miscellaneous fertilizers every mu of 3000kg is used between two row taros of every bar taro ridge end face, potassium sulfate 15kg or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40kg, rape shell adds wheat shell 300kg or bud green fertile 1000kg and makes knots taro and expand fertilizer, water management in described rich water quality management is field will be kept in the tiller phase of taro process of growth moistening with knot taro expanding stage, meet dry weather and irrigate basement water in time.
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| CN106105698A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-16 | 刘刚 | A kind of loessland taro head implantation methods |
| CN106105699A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-16 | 刘刚 | A kind of loessland peanut cultivation method |
| CN107223423A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-03 | 合肥市禾兴生态养殖科技有限公司 | A kind of taro implantation methods |
| CN107258266A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-20 | 蔡冬生 | Red glycan high ridge is planted deeply exempts from implantation methods of earthing up |
| CN108476902A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-04 | 西双版纳雨林景象生物科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of konjaku mechanized cultivation method |
| CN111295940A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-19 | 昆山巨元升机械设计有限公司 | A kind of plow |
| CN111685007A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-22 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Transplanting type cultivation method for taros |
| CN113841572A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-12-28 | 南通科技职业学院 | Taro cultivation method |
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| CN111685007A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-22 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Transplanting type cultivation method for taros |
| CN113841572A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-12-28 | 南通科技职业学院 | Taro cultivation method |
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