CN105009891A - Forest-fruit interplanting double-membrane covering potato cultivation method - Google Patents
Forest-fruit interplanting double-membrane covering potato cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105009891A CN105009891A CN201510396386.7A CN201510396386A CN105009891A CN 105009891 A CN105009891 A CN 105009891A CN 201510396386 A CN201510396386 A CN 201510396386A CN 105009891 A CN105009891 A CN 105009891A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of a potato cultivation technology, and discloses a forest-fruit interplanting double-membrane covering potato cultivation method. The method is carried out according to the following steps: step one, land selecting; step two, soil working; step three, ridging; step four, cutting; step five, potato seed cutting processing; step six, sand bed accelerating germination; and step seven, sowing. According to the invention, the forest-fruit interplanting double-membrane covering potato cultivation method is integrated with an early ripe potato kind, virus-free potato seed, forest-fruit interplanting and double-membrane coverage, effectively avoids influences exerted by unfavorable factors on the growth of potatoes, realizes earlier sawing and earlier harvesting and prevents inhibition of growth of stem tubers due to high temperature in June and July; and by using the forest fruit interplanting double-membrane covering potato cultivation method, sawing is carried out in mid-to-late February in Xinjiang region, the potatoes can be harvested in mid-to-late May, compared to a conventional forest-fruit interplanting wheat method, the output is substantially improved, at the same time, the market blank that there are no potatoes in the Xinjiang region in May to July is made up for, the income of peasants is greatly increased, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to potato culture technical field, is an elite stand fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method.
Background technology
potato is the cool crop of happiness, tradition producing region, Xinjiang mainly concentrates on along Tianshan Mountains, the mountain area on mountain range, Altai Mountains, as Nanshan Mountain in Urumqi, Qitai, Jimusar, wood are built, come to life, kind is comparatively single, based on middle-late ripening variety, mid or late August starts results, and Time To Market concentrates on September to October, Time To Market is concentrated, and price is low.Store sth. in a cellar and to terminate April to Second Year, May to July is the market vacancy phase, and Xinjiang is supplied without fresh potato, and the fresh potato of Xinjiang market supply in May to July is mainly from the allocation and transportation of the ground such as Shandong, Yunnan, and selling price is high.
xinjiang lacks virus-free seed potato, and deterioration of variety is serious, more easily aggravates the generation of disease, increase lopsided potato rate simultaneously, cause output, quality to reduce in the plantation of high temperature area.
south Sinkiang, Xinjiang sunlight-heat reaources enriches, year-round average temperature 11.4 DEG C, 187 days to 230 days frost-free season, soil types is based on sandy loam, in recent years through greatly developing, South Sinkiang woods fruit cultivated area has reached 1,700 ten thousand mu, has a large amount of arable land to utilize between woods fruit, existing method plants the crops such as wheat between woods fruit, but the low and bad object that can not meet increasing both production and income of price of the crop yields such as wheat.
Summary of the invention
the invention provides an elite stand fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it effectively can solve May to July Xinjiang and supply without fresh potato, plants the problem that the crops such as wheat can not meet increasing both production and income between woods fruit simultaneously.
technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following measures: an elite stand fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, carries out in the steps below: the first step, selection of land, the woods fruit ground selecting physical features smooth; Second step, wholely, after woods fruit ground preceding crop is in the ranks gathered in the crops, the every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3 side to 4 side, ploughs after fertilising, carries out wholely behind arable land; 3rd step, ridging, executes compound fertilizer specially used for potato 60 kilograms to 80 kilograms for every mu, carries out ditching, ridging, overlay film after ridging after fertilising before woods really is freezed, and then on film, presses laterally native waistbands along ridge every 2 meters to 3 meters; 4th step, stripping and slicing, 20 days to 30 days prior to seeding, carries out stripping and slicing by the healthy and strong virus-free seed potato of storage, each stripping and slicing retains 1 to 2 eye, obtains potato seed stripping and slicing after stripping and slicing; 5th step, potato seed stripping and slicing process, mix obtain pulvis, by adding 2 kilograms to 2.2 kilograms pulvis in 45 kilograms to 50 kilograms potato seed strippings and slicings and mixing the potato seed stripping and slicing that is sterilized by adding 1 kilogram of 72% agricultural streptomycin and 50 kilograms of talcum powder in 2 kilogram of 70% thiophanate methyl; 6th step, husky bed vernalization, sterilization potato seed stripping and slicing is placed on temperature be 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C to have in the indoor or greenhouse by solar heat that scattered light irradiates and pile up into furrow, on furrow face, the wet river sand of covering or wet soil carry out vernalization, and the potato bud of potato seed stripping and slicing to be sterilized grows to 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres and obtains vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing; 7th step, sowing, mid or late Febuary is sowed when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stablized and reached 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, adopts the duplicate rows punching of single ridge, spacing in the rows 20 centimetres to 22 centimetres, mu seeding quantity is 150 kilograms to 160 kilograms, and two perform hole eyes evenly stagger triangular in shape, are planted upward in hole by vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing potato bud, sowing depth 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres, after planting fenestra earthing, builds shed after fenestra earthing, and shed covers shed film; 8th step, carries out Early postoperative management and final-period management.
here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme:
above-mentioned woods is really walnut ground, and the line space of walnut earth's core peach is 8 meters to 10 meters, and walnut is be less than or equal to the walnut of 10 years.
above-mentioned potato seed is 60 days Early cropping potatos to 70 day breeding time, and Early cropping potato is Favorita potato; Or/and the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is more than one in cow dung and sheep excrement.
ridge face width 45 centimetres to 50 centimetres during above-mentioned ridging, ridge is high 30 centimetres to 35 centimetres, and the spacing on adjacent two ridges is 1 meter to 1.2 meters; Or/and the film of overlay film wide is 1.2 meters after ridging, thickness 0.008 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter; Or/and furrow are wide 1.5 meters to 2 meters, furrow are high 10 centimetres to 15 centimetres; Or/and the width of shed film is 3 meters to 3.2 meters, sagitta 1 meter; Or/and in second step, the degree of depth in arable land is 25 centimetres to 35 centimetres; Or/and the humidity of wet river sand or wet soil is 80% to 85%; Or/and, when healthy and strong virus-free seed potato carries out stripping and slicing, cutting knife before use first with mass percent be soak in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% after use, when switching to rotten potato seed, cutting knife will be sterilized again.
above-mentioned Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.
above-mentioned final-period management comprises cultivation and banking, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest; Cultivation and banking: seedling is intertilled once together afterwards, 5 to carrying out during 6 leaves intertilling shallow ridging, squaring period cultivation and banking once, earth up 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres, last cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, earths up 8 centimetres to 10 centimetres; Rich water quality management: keep ground moistening in breeding time, water and to be advisable with ridge high 1/2 or 2/3, forbid water level to overflow furrow and flood seedling, spring sowing potato is watered 3 times to 4 times the time of infertility, gather in the crops and within first 10 days to 15 days, stop watering, impose 10 kgs/acre to 15 kgs/acre, urea during first time cultivation and banking, squaring period combines the mu that waters and imposes composite fertilizer 20 kilograms or potato special fertilizer 15 kilograms, tiller phase and flower bud phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 grams/acre, spray 2 times; The extermination of disease and insect pest: early blight their early stage sprays 50% wind and kills 1000 times of liquid or 30% bacterium copper microemulsion, 1200 times of liquid or 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 500 times liquid or Amici and reach 24ml/ mu to 32ml/ mu, dispenser, every spray in 7 days to 10 days 1 time, prevents and treats to 3 times for continuous 2 times; Soft rot sprays streptomycin sulphate soluble powder 4000 times of liquid or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 600 times liquid at the initial stage of a disease, starts dispenser, sprayed once every 7 days to 10 days at disease initial stage of origination, continuously spraying 3 times to 4 times; Potato insect pest 80% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid or ground worm 1000 times of liquid pouring roots.
woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method integration Early cropping potato kind of the present invention, virus-free seed potato, the interplanting of woods fruit and two-membrane process, effectively avoid unfavorable factor on the impact of potato growth, realize sowing in advance and gathering in the crops in advance, avoid June to July high temperature to the suppression of tuber growth; Woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method of the present invention was sowed in Xinjiang region mid or late Febuary, mid or late May, potato can gather in the crops, the output that more existing woods really overlaps grow wheat has a very significant increase, compensate for the market vacancy that Xinjiang region does not have fresh potato May to July simultaneously, thus considerably increase the income of peasant, improve economic benefit.
Embodiment
the present invention by the restriction of following embodiment, can not determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.
embodiment 1, this woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, carries out: the first step, selection of land, the woods fruit ground selecting physical features smooth in the steps below; Second step, wholely, after woods fruit ground preceding crop is in the ranks gathered in the crops, the every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3 side to 4 side, ploughs after fertilising, carries out wholely behind arable land; 3rd step, ridging, executes compound fertilizer specially used for potato 60 kilograms to 80 kilograms for every mu, carries out ditching, ridging, overlay film after ridging after fertilising before woods really is freezed, and then on film, presses laterally native waistbands along ridge every 2 meters to 3 meters; 4th step, stripping and slicing, 20 days to 30 days prior to seeding, carries out stripping and slicing by the healthy and strong virus-free seed potato of storage, each stripping and slicing retains 1 to 2 eye, obtains potato seed stripping and slicing after stripping and slicing; 5th step, potato seed stripping and slicing process, mix obtain pulvis, by adding 2 kilograms to 2.2 kilograms pulvis in 45 kilograms to 50 kilograms potato seed strippings and slicings and mixing the potato seed stripping and slicing that is sterilized by adding 1 kilogram of 72% agricultural streptomycin and 50 kilograms of talcum powder in 2 kilogram of 70% thiophanate methyl; 6th step, husky bed vernalization, sterilization potato seed stripping and slicing is placed on temperature be 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C to have in the indoor or greenhouse by solar heat that scattered light irradiates and pile up into furrow, on furrow face, the wet river sand of covering or wet soil carry out vernalization, and the potato bud of potato seed stripping and slicing to be sterilized grows to 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres and obtains vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing; 7th step, sowing, mid or late Febuary is sowed when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stablized and reached 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, adopts the duplicate rows punching of single ridge, spacing in the rows 20 centimetres to 22 centimetres, mu seeding quantity is 150 kilograms to 160 kilograms, and two perform hole eyes evenly stagger triangular in shape, are planted upward in hole by vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing potato bud, sowing depth 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres, after planting fenestra earthing, builds shed after fenestra earthing, and shed covers shed film; 8th step, carries out Early postoperative management and final-period management.In second step, after ploughing, available rake a kind of farm tools carries out wholely.
embodiment 2, this woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, carries out: the first step, selection of land, the woods fruit ground selecting physical features smooth in the steps below; Second step, wholely, after woods fruit ground preceding crop is in the ranks gathered in the crops, the every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3 side or 4 sides, plough after fertilising, carries out wholely behind arable land; 3rd step, ridging, executes compound fertilizer specially used for potato 60 kilograms or 80 kilograms for every mu, carries out ditching, ridging, overlay film after ridging after fertilising before woods really is freezed, and then on film, presses laterally native waistbands along ridge every 2 meters or 3 meters; 4th step, stripping and slicing, 20 days or 30 days prior to seeding, carries out stripping and slicing by the healthy and strong virus-free seed potato of storage, each stripping and slicing retains 1 or 2 eyes, obtains potato seed stripping and slicing after stripping and slicing; 5th step, potato seed stripping and slicing process, mix obtain pulvis by adding 1 kilogram of 72% agricultural streptomycin and 50 kilograms of talcum powder in 2 kilogram of 70% thiophanate methyl, by adding 2 kilograms or 2.2 kilograms of pulvis in 45 kilograms or 50 kilograms of potato seed strippings and slicings and mixing the potato seed stripping and slicing that is sterilized; 6th step, husky bed vernalization, sterilization potato seed stripping and slicing is placed on temperature be having in the indoor or greenhouse by solar heat that scattered light irradiates of 15 DEG C or 20 DEG C and pile up into furrow, on furrow face, the wet river sand of covering or wet soil carry out vernalization, and the potato bud of potato seed stripping and slicing to be sterilized grows to 5 centimetres or 8 centimetres and obtains vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing; 7th step, sowing, mid or late Febuary is sowed when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stablized and reached 3 DEG C or 5 DEG C, adopts the duplicate rows punching of single ridge, spacing in the rows 20 centimetres or 22 centimetres, mu seeding quantity is 150 kilograms or 160 kilograms, and two perform hole eyes evenly stagger triangular in shape, are planted upward in hole by vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing potato bud, sowing depth 10 centimetres or 12 centimetres, after planting fenestra earthing, builds shed after fenestra earthing, and shed covers shed film; 8th step, carries out Early postoperative management and final-period management.In 4th step, potato seed storage is undertaken by following method: healthy and strong virus-free seed potato is loaded mesh bag, the mesh bag that healthy and strong virus-free seed potato is housed is deposited in together, and stacking is highly 6 to 8 mesh bags, preserve at temperature is 1 DEG C to 8 DEG C, optimum reserve temperature is 1 DEG C to 4 DEG C.To store sth. in a cellar potato seed taking-up during stripping and slicing and select classification, 30 grams to less than 40 grams is little potato, and 40 grams to 80 grams is middle potato, and more than 80 grams is yampi; The not stripping and slicing of little potato, middle potato rip cutting is divided into two, and yampi stripping and slicing weight is between 30 grams to 40 grams, and each stripping and slicing ensures with 1 to 2 eye, does not allow shave or digs eye.As required, after fenestra earthing, a shed can be built in every ridge or every two ridges, and Xinjiang region dust and sand weather in spring is more, easy dust collection on shed film, cause shed film light transmission poor, unfavorable growth of seedling, should clean it in time when therefore finding that dust is more.Mid-April woods fruit shade and to complete the growth time of potato breeding time 70% before closing, thus reduce the impact of fruit tree on interplanting crops.
embodiment 3, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, woods is really walnut ground, and the line space of walnut earth's core peach is 8 meters to 10 meters, and walnut is be less than or equal to the walnut of 10 years.
embodiment 4, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, potato seed is 60 days Early cropping potatos to 70 day breeding time, and Early cropping potato is Favorita potato.
embodiment 5, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is more than one in cow dung and sheep excrement.
embodiment 6, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, ridge face width 45 centimetres to 50 centimetres during ridging, ridge is high 30 centimetres to 35 centimetres, and the spacing on adjacent two ridges is 1 meter to 1.2 meters.
embodiment 7, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, after ridging, the film of overlay film wide is 1.2 meters, thickness 0.008 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter.
embodiment 8, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, furrow are wide 1.5 meters to 2 meters, and furrow are high 10 centimetres to 15 centimetres; Or/and the width of shed film is 3 meters to 3.2 meters, sagitta 1 meter; Or/and in second step, the degree of depth in arable land is 25 centimetres to 35 centimetres; Or/and the humidity of wet river sand or wet soil is 80% to 85%.
embodiment 9, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, when healthy and strong virus-free seed potato carries out stripping and slicing, cutting knife before use first with mass percent be soak in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% after use, when switching to rotten potato seed, cutting knife will be sterilized again.
embodiment 10, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.Canopy film is reusable.
embodiment 11, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, final-period management comprises cultivation and banking, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest; Cultivation and banking: seedling is intertilled once together afterwards, 5 to carrying out during 6 leaves intertilling shallow ridging, squaring period cultivation and banking once, earth up 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres, last cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, earths up 8 centimetres to 10 centimetres; Rich water quality management: keep ground moistening in breeding time, water and to be advisable with ridge high 1/2 or 2/3, forbid water level to overflow furrow and flood seedling, spring sowing potato is watered 3 times to 4 times the time of infertility, gather in the crops and within first 10 days to 15 days, stop watering, impose 10 kgs/acre to 15 kgs/acre, urea during first time cultivation and banking, squaring period combines the mu that waters and imposes composite fertilizer 20 kilograms or potato special fertilizer 15 kilograms, tiller phase and flower bud phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 grams/acre, spray 2 times; The extermination of disease and insect pest: early blight their early stage sprays 50% wind and kills 1000 times of liquid or 30% bacterium copper microemulsion, 1200 times of liquid or 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 500 times liquid or Amici and reach (Fluoxastrobin) 24ml/ mu to 32ml/ mu, dispenser, every spray in 7 days to 10 days 1 time, prevents and treats to 3 times for continuous 2 times; Soft rot sprays streptomycin sulphate soluble powder 4000 times of liquid or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 600 times liquid at the initial stage of a disease, starts dispenser, sprayed once every 7 days to 10 days at disease initial stage of origination, continuously spraying 3 times to 4 times; Potato insect pest 80% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid or ground worm 1000 times of liquid pouring roots.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
current woods fruit ground interplanting crops is mainly wheat, and walnut ground cover grow wheat per mu yield is 200 kilograms to 300 kilograms, and be 540 yuan to 810 yuan by the price per mu yield values of 2014, mu cost is 643 yuan; Woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method integration Early cropping potato kind of the present invention, virus-free seed potato, the interplanting of woods fruit and two-membrane process, effectively avoid unfavorable factor on the impact of potato growth, realize sowing in advance and gathering in the crops in advance, avoid June to July high temperature to the suppression of tuber growth; By walnut of the present invention to interplant potato per mu yield be 1500 kilograms to 1800 kilograms, it is 3000 yuan to 5400 yuan by the price per mu yield values of 2014, mu cost is 1200 yuan to 1500 yuan, can be gathered in the crops by woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method mid or late May potato of the present invention simultaneously, the price of per kilogram potato is compared with the average oversold of the price in other month 0.5 yuan to 1 yuan, compensate for the market vacancy that Xinjiang region does not have fresh potato May to July, thus considerably increase the income of peasant, improve economic benefit.
in sum, woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method integration Early cropping potato kind of the present invention, virus-free seed potato, the interplanting of woods fruit and two-membrane process, effectively avoid unfavorable factor on the impact of potato growth, realize sowing in advance and gathering in the crops in advance, avoid June to July high temperature to the suppression of tuber growth; Woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method of the present invention was sowed in Xinjiang region mid or late Febuary, mid or late May, potato can gather in the crops, the output that more existing woods really overlaps grow wheat has a very significant increase, compensate for the market vacancy that Xinjiang region does not have fresh potato May to July simultaneously, thus considerably increase the income of peasant, improve economic benefit.
above technical characteristic constitutes embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and implementation result, can increase and decrease non-essential technical characteristic according to actual needs, meet the demand of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. an elite stand fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below: the first step, selection of land, the woods fruit ground selecting physical features smooth; Second step, wholely, after woods fruit ground preceding crop is in the ranks gathered in the crops, the every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 3 side to 4 side, ploughs after fertilising, carries out wholely behind arable land; 3rd step, ridging, executes compound fertilizer specially used for potato 60 kilograms to 80 kilograms for every mu, carries out ditching, ridging, overlay film after ridging after fertilising before woods really is freezed, and then on film, presses laterally native waistbands along ridge every 2 meters to 3 meters; 4th step, stripping and slicing, 20 days to 30 days prior to seeding, carries out stripping and slicing by the healthy and strong virus-free seed potato of storage, each stripping and slicing retains 1 to 2 eye, obtains potato seed stripping and slicing after stripping and slicing; 5th step, potato seed stripping and slicing process, mix obtain pulvis, by adding 2 kilograms to 2.2 kilograms pulvis in 45 kilograms to 50 kilograms potato seed strippings and slicings and mixing the potato seed stripping and slicing that is sterilized by adding 1 kilogram of 72% agricultural streptomycin and 50 kilograms of talcum powder in 2 kilogram of 70% thiophanate methyl; 6th step, husky bed vernalization, sterilization potato seed stripping and slicing is placed on temperature be 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C to have in the indoor or greenhouse by solar heat that scattered light irradiates and pile up into furrow, on furrow face, the wet river sand of covering or wet soil carry out vernalization, and the potato bud of potato seed stripping and slicing to be sterilized grows to 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres and obtains vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing; 7th step, sowing, mid or late Febuary is sowed when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stablized and reached 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, adopts the duplicate rows punching of single ridge, spacing in the rows 20 centimetres to 22 centimetres, mu seeding quantity is 150 kilograms to 160 kilograms, and two perform hole eyes evenly stagger triangular in shape, are planted upward in hole by vernalization potato seed stripping and slicing potato bud, sowing depth 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres, after planting fenestra earthing, builds shed after fenestra earthing, and shed covers shed film; 8th step, carries out Early postoperative management and final-period management.
2. woods according to claim 1 fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, it is characterized in that woods really for walnut, the line space of walnut earth's core peach is 8 meters to 10 meters, and walnut is be less than or equal to the walnut of 10 years.
3. woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that potato seed is 60 days Early cropping potatos to 70 day breeding time, Early cropping potato is Favorita potato; Or/and the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is more than one in cow dung and sheep excrement.
4. woods according to claim 1 and 2 fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, ridge face width 45 centimetres to 50 centimetres when it is characterized in that ridging, ridge is high 30 centimetres to 35 centimetres, and the spacing on adjacent two ridges is 1 meter to 1.2 meters; Or/and the film of overlay film wide is 1.2 meters after ridging, thickness 0.008 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter; Or/and furrow are wide 1.5 meters to 2 meters, furrow are high 10 centimetres to 15 centimetres; Or/and the width of shed film is 3 meters to 3.2 meters, sagitta 1 meter; Or/and in second step, the degree of depth in arable land is 25 centimetres to 35 centimetres; Or/and the humidity of wet river sand or wet soil is 80% to 85%; Or/and, when healthy and strong virus-free seed potato carries out stripping and slicing, cutting knife before use first with mass percent be soak in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% after use, when switching to rotten potato seed, cutting knife will be sterilized again.
5. woods according to claim 3 fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method, ridge face width 45 centimetres to 50 centimetres when it is characterized in that ridging, ridge is high 30 centimetres to 35 centimetres, and the spacing on adjacent two ridges is 1 meter to 1.2 meters; Or/and the film of overlay film wide is 1.2 meters after ridging, thickness 0.008 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter; Or/and furrow are wide 1.5 meters to 2 meters, furrow are high 10 centimetres to 15 centimetres; Or/and the width of shed film is 3 meters to 3.2 meters, sagitta 1 meter; Or/and in second step, the degree of depth in arable land is 25 centimetres to 35 centimetres; Or/and the humidity of wet river sand or wet soil is 80% to 85%; Or/and, when healthy and strong virus-free seed potato carries out stripping and slicing, cutting knife before use first with mass percent be soak in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% after use, when switching to rotten potato seed, cutting knife will be sterilized again.
6. woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.
7. woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 3, is characterized in that Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.
8. woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 4, is characterized in that Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.
9. woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 5, is characterized in that Early postoperative management comprises temperature and controls; Temperature in Qi Miaoqian shed on daytime remains on 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, temperature in night shed remains on 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C, open canopy film ventilating opening when temperature before buddingging after Qi Miao in daytime shed is greater than 26 DEG C to ventilate, close canopy film ventilating opening when temperature in shed is 22 DEG C, the temperature in night shed controls at 12 DEG C to 14 DEG C; Treat that daytime temperature is more than or equal to 20 DEG C, when nighttime temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C, take shed film gradually off.
10. the woods fruit interplanting two-membrane process potato culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9, is characterized in that final-period management comprises cultivation and banking, rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest; Cultivation and banking: seedling is intertilled once together afterwards, 5 to carrying out during 6 leaves intertilling shallow ridging, squaring period cultivation and banking once, earth up 5 centimetres to 8 centimetres, last cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, earths up 8 centimetres to 10 centimetres; Rich water quality management: keep ground moistening in breeding time, water and to be advisable with ridge high 1/2 or 2/3, forbid water level to overflow furrow and flood seedling, spring sowing potato is watered 3 times to 4 times the time of infertility, gather in the crops and within first 10 days to 15 days, stop watering, impose 10 kgs/acre to 15 kgs/acre, urea during first time cultivation and banking, squaring period combines the mu that waters and imposes composite fertilizer 20 kilograms or potato special fertilizer 15 kilograms, tiller phase and flower bud phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 grams/acre, spray 2 times; The extermination of disease and insect pest: early blight their early stage sprays 50% wind and kills 1000 times of liquid or 30% bacterium copper microemulsion, 1200 times of liquid or 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 500 times liquid or Amici and reach 24ml/ mu to 32ml/ mu, dispenser, every spray in 7 days to 10 days 1 time, prevents and treats to 3 times for continuous 2 times; Soft rot sprays streptomycin sulphate soluble powder 4000 times of liquid or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 400 times of liquid to 600 times liquid at the initial stage of a disease, starts dispenser, sprayed once every 7 days to 10 days at disease initial stage of origination, continuously spraying 3 times to 4 times; Potato insect pest 80% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid or ground worm 1000 times of liquid pouring roots.
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| CN107371743A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | The film mulching plant method of potato four |
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