CN109831961A - A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109831961A CN109831961A CN201811361743.6A CN201811361743A CN109831961A CN 109831961 A CN109831961 A CN 109831961A CN 201811361743 A CN201811361743 A CN 201811361743A CN 109831961 A CN109831961 A CN 109831961A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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Abstract
The invention patent relates to a kind of production estimation planting technology fields, more particularly, to suitable for northwest China irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods.The technology can have the function that weed eradication under film, improving soil moisture heat preservation, increase per mu yield, promote Northwestern Irrigation Area potato planting from manually to the transformation of mechanization, the effective problem for alleviating Water Resources Irrigation shortage, contain the unordered exploitation and the deterioration of the ecological environment of low water resource, accelerates the paces of irrigated area agricultural sciences harmonious development.The implantation methods can reduce potato production cost, its water-saving, volume increase, the effect of increasing income are very significant, implantation methods are scientific and reasonable, technologically advanced, high production efficiency, have good society, economy, ecological benefits, it efficiently solves China's potato entire mechanization production method agricultural machinery and agronomy is not suitable with, production method is backward, productivity effect is low, the technical problems such as the production method without a whole set of mature and reliable, it is the effective way for realizing potato industrialization, architecture, Standardization Development, popularization and application foreground is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention patent relates to a kind of production estimation planting technology fields, high more particularly, to northwest China irrigated area is suitable for
Imitate water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods.
Background technique
Potato be resist cold, be drought-enduring, is barren-resistant, is adaptable, vitamin content is high, full of nutrition, Solanaceae Solanum 1 year
The crops of sward sheet, 160 countries and regions of alive boundary treaty are planted extensively.As the development and potato of commercial agriculture add
The rapid emergence of industry, market constantly increases the demand of potato.This also promotes continuously improving for potato seed planting technology,
Especially potato ridge film furrow irrigation planting technology.Due to northwest drought water shortage, drought frequently occurs, severe water and soil erosion, soil
Fertility is insufficient, and moisture holding capacity is low, keeps potato per unit area yield generally relatively low.The planting technology of potato ridge film furrow irrigation in recent years is northwest
A kind of cost-saving synergistic cultivation technique that irrigated area is promoted.Its advantage: first is that using wide high ridge type covering film planting patterns, guarantee fertility
Phase potato has abundant growing space, improves potato output capacity;Second is that type furrow irrigation film coating technique in ridge can be effectively reduced
The effective utilization coefficients of the evaporation of soil moisture, irrigation water improve, and guarantor's filling rate is higher, and water resource is made to be fully used;Third is that
Film furrow irrigation implantation methods in Potato Mechanization ridge can achieve weed eradication under film, improving soil moisture heat preservation, the effect for increasing per mu yield;Fourth is that film
The occurrence of upper earthing reduces artificial seedling setting process, can effectively prevent burn seedlings, the significantly labor intensity of mitigation peasant reduce life
Produce cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that technical solution used by solving its technical problem is: the prior art being avoided to be difficult to realize that potato is complete
The defect of journey mechanization, a kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods provided.It is filled based on northwest
Area's potato planting production management is extensive, and irrigation norm is excessively high, and irrigation frequency is frequent, wastes water resource largely, and folk prescription water
Quantum of output is lower, and the effective utilization coefficients of irrigation water are opposite, and guarantor's filling rate is low, keeps water resource environment continuous worsening;And in potato
Production scientific and technological content is low present in production, large-scale production degree is not high, two key links of potato plantation and harvest
By restraining factors such as labour and live stock operations, a kind of Mechanized Ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods are researched and proposed, tradition kind can be overcome
The occurrence of implant model reduces artificial seedling setting process, can effectively prevent burn seedlings reaches weed eradication under film, improving soil moisture heat preservation, increases mu
The effect of yield.
The purpose of the present invention can be realized by using following technical scheme: a kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving potato is mechanical
Change ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods, be mainly characterized by step are as follows:
(1) selection of land, site preparation
Selection of land requires flat, and soil the selection subacidity of pH5.5~7.0 or neutral soil can arrange the clay that can be filled or husky earth
Soil block, soil moisture content are 12%~20%;It carries out deep ploughing using hydraulic reversing plough after preceding crop harvest to plow, depth of plowing
22~30 centimetres of degree, overturning soil cover weeds, and sunning soil 5~10 days is killed except underground pest and disease damage;It is flat using laser flatting machine
Winter water is poured in ground, smooth precision ± 2.5 centimetre;Subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working is wanted before sowing, using subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working machine, tilling depth
30~40 centimetres, 10~16 centimetres of depth of soil preparation, accomplish that ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, no weeds, nothing
Root stubble, without mulch, meet sowing working condition requirement.
(2) seed preparation
Bulk potato (>=50g) carries out stripping and slicing, and stripping and slicing size is 30~40g, each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye, stripping and slicing
75% alcohol disinfecting of cutter, admixes 50 kilograms of gypsum with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin
Powder, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20~30 minutes;Potato seed is small seed potato
(≤50g) or the former potato of G0 and G1, it is not necessary to carry out any processing and directly sowed, will above two treated potato with
Small seed potato or the former potato of G0 and G1 store the sowing of 1~2 day time in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition;
(3) it plants
It is sowed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing mulch film spreading and seeding machine, 1 ridge, 2 row, 15~30cm of spacing in the rows, 14~17cm of line-spacing, it is adjacent
Meet 75~80cm of line-spacing, 12~15cm of planting depth, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, broadcast seedling number be 5000~
6000 plants/acre;1 row chemical fertilizer is applied among 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is drilling, often
Mu, which is matched, applies 100~150kg of seed manure;Rotation helical blade in the middle part of seeder carries out ridging, it is desirable that and ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent,
Ridging 28~30cm of height, the upper top width 35cm of ridge type, lower bottom width 90cm;Seeder spray spray head is used after the completion of sowing ridging
It sprays insecticide, while being covered with wide 110~120 cm mulch to ridging ridge type has been sowed by the film-covering mechanism on seeder
Lid;Soil fine crushing is equably scattered on the top of ridge by native, the muck haulage mechanism that mentions on last seeder, and earthing scraping plate mechanism will on film
Soil strikes off on ridge, 4~7cm of thickness of earth covering on the teleblem of ridge;Membrane edge covering disk mechanism carries out the operation of membrane edge earthing, this one kind
Irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods be it is a kind of can once complete trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging,
Spray, overlay film, earthing integration of operation on film;
(3) field management
It intertills top dressing and irrigates while carrying out, irrigate 5~7 times within 1 year, fertilizer is imposed in pouring water, using crop field flood irrigation mode;
Weeding sprays herbicide and various pesticides using mechanical plant protection mode, using equipment for plant protection;
(4) seedling is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 7~10 days before planning harvest operation, crop 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left kills net rate > 90%, after crushing
Stalk carries out returning to the field processing.
(5) it harvests
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, uses
It shakes chain type excavator and carries out swath harvesting, when harvest, shake chain conveying soil and potato wedge guarantee that soil potato separates and by potato
Laying ground, while mulch shake being packed up, 25~30cm of excavating depth is harvested, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0% hurts potato
Rate 1.0%~1.5%, used plastic collection rate 90%~100%.
(6) storage is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest and cleans processing, treatment process are as follows: sorting table;The dedicated carloader of container;It is transported to
Factory or freezer;The dedicated car unloader of container;Conveyor belt;Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk;Storage storage, storage temperature setting
It is 10~13 DEG C, storage relative humidity is 85%~90%.
The mulch is 0.008~0.012mm, and width is 110~120cm;
The planting patterns is 1 ridge, 2 row, and 15~30cm of spacing in the rows, 14~17cm of line-spacing, broadcasting seedling number is 5000~6000 plants/acre;
The seeder applies 1 row chemical fertilizer among 2 row potato seeds, matches apply 100~150kg of seed manure per acre;
The fertilization depth reaches seed and fertilizer relative level 3~6cm of distance, 15~20cm of Relative vertical distance;
Suppression of soil is to push up to carry out earthing on film to ridge on the film, and it is 4~7cm that clean-up scraper, which strikes off thickness of soil,;
Membrane edge the earthing 16~20cm of width, 4~5cm of membrane edge thickness of earth covering;
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the technology can have the function that weed eradication under film, improving soil moisture heat preservation, increase per mu yield, promote northwest
Irrigated area potato planting is from manually to the transformation of mechanization, the effective problem for alleviating Water Resources Irrigation shortage contains low water
The paces of irrigated area agricultural sciences harmonious development are accelerated in the unordered exploitation and the deterioration of the ecological environment of resource.The implantation methods can drop
Low potato production cost, water-saving, volume increase, the effect of increasing income are very significant, and implantation methods are scientific and reasonable, technologically advanced, production
It is high-efficient, have good society, economy, ecological benefits, efficiently solve China's potato entire mechanization production method agriculture
Machine and agronomy are inadaptable, production method is backward, productivity effect is low, ask without technologies such as the production methods of a whole set of mature and reliable
Topic, is the effective way for realizing potato industrialization, architecture, Standardization Development, and popularization and application foreground is wide.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods schematic cross-section of the present invention.
In figure: 1. row-planting openers;2. potato seed;3. fertilizer;4. fertilizer kind plough;5. mulch;6. film top earthing;7.
Membrane edge earthing.
Specific embodiment is described in further detail below in conjunction with preferred example shown in attached drawing:
Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1,1. row-planting openers;2. potato seed;3. fertilizer;4. fertilizer kind plough;5. mulch;6. film top is covered
Soil;7. membrane edge earthing.
A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods, are mainly characterized by step are as follows:
(1) selection of land, site preparation
Selection of land requires flat, and soil the selection subacidity of pH5.5~7.0 or neutral soil can arrange the clay plot that can be filled, soil
Earth moisture content is 15%;It carries out deep ploughing using 1LF-435 hydraulic reversing plough after preceding crop harvest to plow, 25 lis of depth of plowing
Rice, overturning soil cover weeds, and sunning soil 7 days is killed except underground pest and disease damage;Using 12PJG-2.5 laser flatting machine level land, put down
Winter water is poured in whole precision ± 2.5 centimetre;Subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working is wanted before sowing, using 1GS-200 subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working machine, is ploughed
Deep 35 centimetres, 14 centimetres of depth of soil preparation, accomplish that ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, no weeds, without root stubble, nothing
Mulch meets sowing working condition requirement.
(2) seed preparation
Bulk potato (>=50g) carries out stripping and slicing, and stripping and slicing size is 30~40g, each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye, stripping and slicing
75% alcohol disinfecting of cutter, admixes 50 kilograms of gypsum with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin
Powder, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20~30 minutes;It will treated horse
Bell potato stores the sowing of 2 day time in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition;
(3) it plants
It is sowed using 2CMLF-2A potato ridge-forming and fertilizing mulch film spreading and seeding machine, 1 ridge, 2 row, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 17cm, it is adjacent
Meet line-spacing 80cm, planting depth 12cm, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, broadcast seedling number be 5000~6000 plants/
Mu;1 row chemical fertilizer is applied among 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is drilling, matches apply per acre
Seed manure 135kg;Rotation helical blade in the middle part of seeder carries out ridging, it is desirable that ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging height
30cm, the upper top width 35cm of ridge type, lower bottom width 90cm;Seeder spray spray head is used to spray insecticide after the completion of sowing ridging, together
When covered with width 120cm mulch to ridging ridge type has been sowed by the film-covering mechanism on seeder;On last seeder
It proposes native, muck haulage mechanism soil fine crushing is equably scattered on the top of ridge, earthing scraping plate mechanism strikes off soil on ridge on film, ridge top
Thickness of earth covering 5cm on film;Membrane edge covering disk mechanism carries out the operation of membrane edge earthing, a kind of this irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving potato machine
Film furrow irrigation implantation methods in tool ridge are a kind of once to complete that trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film, earthing joins on film
Cooperate industry;
(3) field management
It intertills top dressing and irrigates while carrying out, irrigate 6 times within 1 year, fertilizer is imposed in pouring water, using crop field flood irrigation mode;Weeding
Connection agriculture Insecticide sprayer sprinkling herbicide and various pesticides are driven using the wheeled tractor of 3kW belt transmission;
(4) seedling is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 8 days before planning harvest operation, crop height for the stubble left 5cm kills net rate > 90%, and stalk carries out after crushing
Returning to the field processing.
(5) it harvests
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, uses
4U-800 potato lifter carries out swath harvesting, and when harvest, shake chain conveying soil and potato wedge guarantee that soil potato separates and by horse
Bell potato laying ground, while mulch shake being packed up, excavating depth 28cm is harvested, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0% hurts potato
Rate 1.0%~1.5%, used plastic collection rate 95%.
(6) storage is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest and cleans processing, treatment process are as follows: sorting table;The dedicated carloader of container;It is transported to
Factory or freezer;The dedicated car unloader of container;Conveyor belt;Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk;Storage storage, storage temperature setting
It is 11 DEG C, storage relative humidity is 85%.
The mulch is 0.012mm, width 120cm;
The planting patterns is 1 ridge, 2 row, and spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 17cm, broadcasting seedling number is 5000~6000 plants/acre;Described
Seeder applies 1 row chemical fertilizer among 2 row potato seeds, matches apply seed manure 135kg per acre;
The fertilization depth reaches seed and fertilizer relative level distance 5cm, Relative vertical distance 20cm;
Suppression of soil is to push up to carry out earthing on film to ridge on the film, and it is 5cm that clean-up scraper, which strikes off thickness of soil,;
Membrane edge the earthing width 16cm, membrane edge thickness of earth covering 4.5cm;
Embodiment 2: see Fig. 1,1. row-planting openers;2. potato seed;3. fertilizer;4. fertilizer kind plough;5. mulch;6. film top is covered
Soil;7. membrane edge earthing.
A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods, are mainly characterized by step are as follows:
(1) selection of land, site preparation
Selection of land requires flat, and soil the selection subacidity of pH5.5~7.0 or neutral soil can arrange the clay plot that can be filled, soil
Earth moisture content is 17%;It carries out deep ploughing using 1LF-435 hydraulic reversing plough after preceding crop harvest to plow, 27 lis of depth of plowing
Rice, overturning soil cover weeds, and sunning soil 10 days is killed except underground pest and disease damage;Using 12PJG-3.0 laser flatting machine level land,
Winter water is poured in smooth precision ± 2.5 centimetre;Subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working is wanted before sowing, using 1GS-230 subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working machine,
30 centimetres of tilling depth, 15 centimetres of depth of soil preparation, accomplish that ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, no weeds, without root stubble,
Without mulch, meet sowing working condition requirement.
(2) seed preparation
Potato seed uses small seed potato (≤50g), is directly sowed without any processing, and small seed potato after processing is being protected from light ventilation
Under the conditions of store 1 day time sowing;
(3) it plants
It is sowed using 2CMLF-2A potato ridge-forming and fertilizing mulch film spreading and seeding machine, 1 ridge, 2 row, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 15cm, it is adjacent
Meet line-spacing 75cm, planting depth 13.5cm, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, broadcast seedling number be 5000~6000 plants/
Mu;1 row chemical fertilizer is applied among 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is drilling, matches apply per acre
Seed manure 120kg;Rotation helical blade in the middle part of seeder carries out ridging, it is desirable that ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging height
28cm, the upper top width 35cm of ridge type, lower bottom width 90cm;Seeder spray spray head is used to spray insecticide after the completion of sowing ridging, together
When covered with width 110cm mulch to ridging ridge type has been sowed by the film-covering mechanism on seeder;On last seeder
It proposes native, muck haulage mechanism soil fine crushing is equably scattered on the top of ridge, earthing scraping plate mechanism strikes off soil on ridge on film, ridge top
Thickness of earth covering 6cm on film;Membrane edge covering disk mechanism carries out the operation of membrane edge earthing, a kind of this irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving potato machine
Film furrow irrigation implantation methods in tool ridge are a kind of once to complete that trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film, earthing joins on film
Cooperate industry;
(3) field management
It intertills top dressing and irrigates while carrying out, irrigate 5 times within 1 year, fertilizer is imposed in pouring water, using crop field flood irrigation mode;Weeding
Connection agriculture Insecticide sprayer sprinkling herbicide and various pesticides are driven using the wheeled tractor of 4kW belt transmission;
(4) seedling is killed
Seedling operation is killed to carry out within 10 days before planning harvest operation, crop height for the stubble left 7cm kills net rate > 90%, after crushing stalk into
The processing of row returning to the field.
(5) it harvests
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, uses
4UML-1.2A potato combine is harvested, when harvest, shake chain conveying soil and potato wedge guarantee soil potato separate and incite somebody to action
Potato is delivered to ground by level-one shake, harvests excavating depth 26cm, potato by second lift conveying pack, mulch
Loss late 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~1.5%, used plastic collection rate 96%.
(6) storage is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest and cleans processing, treatment process are as follows: sorting table;The dedicated carloader of container;It is transported to
Factory or freezer;The dedicated car unloader of container;Conveyor belt;Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk;Storage storage, storage temperature setting
It is 13 DEG C, storage relative humidity is 88%.
The mulch is 0.008mm, width 110cm;
The planting patterns is 1 ridge, 2 row, and spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 15cm, broadcasting seedling number is 5000~6000 plants/acre;Described
Seeder applies 1 row chemical fertilizer among 2 row potato seeds, matches apply seed manure 120kg per acre;
The fertilization depth reaches seed and fertilizer relative level distance 4cm, Relative vertical distance 15cm;
Suppression of soil is to push up to carry out earthing on film to ridge on the film, and it is 6cm that clean-up scraper, which strikes off thickness of soil,;
Membrane edge the earthing width 18cm, membrane edge thickness of earth covering 5cm;
Embodiment 3: see Fig. 1,1. row-planting openers;2. potato seed;3. fertilizer;4. fertilizer kind plough;5. mulch;6. film top is covered
Soil;7. membrane edge earthing.
A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods, are mainly characterized by step are as follows:
(1) selection of land, site preparation
Selection of land requires flat, and soil the selection subacidity of pH5.5~7.0 or neutral soil can arrange the sand soil that can be filled
Block, soil moisture content 20%;It carries out deep ploughing using 1LF-435 hydraulic reversing plough after preceding crop harvest to plow, depth of plowing
30 centimetres of degree, overturning soil cover weeds, and sunning soil 8 days is killed except underground pest and disease damage;Using 12PJG-3.0 laser flatting machine
Winter water is poured in level land, smooth precision ± 2.5 centimetre;Subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working is wanted before sowing, it is whole using 1GS-250 subsoiling rotary tillage
Ground machine, 16 centimetres of depth of soil preparation, accomplishes that ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, no weeds, nothing by 40 centimetres of tilling depth
Root stubble, without mulch, meet sowing working condition requirement.
(2) seed preparation
Potato seed is directly sowed using the former potato of G0 and G1 without any processing;
(3) it plants
It is sowed using 2CMLF-2A potato ridge-forming and fertilizing mulch film spreading and seeding machine, 1 ridge, 2 row, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 16cm, it is adjacent
Meet line-spacing 77cm, planting depth 14cm, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, broadcast seedling number be 5000~6000 plants/
Mu;1 row chemical fertilizer is applied among 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is drilling, matches apply per acre
Seed manure 150kg;Rotation helical blade in the middle part of seeder carries out ridging, it is desirable that ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging height
29cm, the upper top width 35cm of ridge type, lower bottom width 90cm;Seeder spray spray head is used to spray insecticide after the completion of sowing ridging, together
When covered with width 120cm mulch to ridging ridge type has been sowed by the film-covering mechanism on seeder;On last seeder
It proposes native, muck haulage mechanism soil fine crushing is equably scattered on the top of ridge, earthing scraping plate mechanism strikes off soil on ridge on film, ridge top
Thickness of earth covering 7cm on film;Membrane edge covering disk mechanism carries out the operation of membrane edge earthing, a kind of this irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving potato machine
Film furrow irrigation implantation methods in tool ridge are a kind of once to complete that trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film, earthing joins on film
Cooperate industry;
(3) field management
It intertills top dressing and irrigates while carrying out, irrigate 5 times within 1 year, fertilizer is imposed in pouring water, using crop field flood irrigation mode;Weeding
Connection agriculture Insecticide sprayer sprinkling herbicide and various pesticides are driven using the wheeled tractor of 4kW belt transmission;
(4) seedling is killed
Seedling operation is killed to carry out within 8 days before planning harvest operation, crop height for the stubble left 6.5cm kills net rate > 90%, after crushing stalk into
The processing of row returning to the field.
(5) it harvests
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, uses
4U-1000 potato lifter carries out swath harvesting, and when harvest, shake chain conveying soil and potato wedge guarantee that soil potato separates and by horse
Bell potato laying ground, while mulch shake being packed up, excavating depth 27cm is harvested, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0% hurts potato
Rate 1.0%~1.5%, used plastic collection rate 93%.
(6) storage is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest and cleans processing, treatment process are as follows: sorting table;The dedicated carloader of container;It is transported to
Factory or freezer;The dedicated car unloader of container;Conveyor belt;Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk;Storage storage, storage temperature setting
It is 12 DEG C, storage relative humidity is 90%.
The mulch is 0.012mm, width 120cm;
The planting patterns is 1 ridge, 2 row, and spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 16cm, broadcasting seedling number is 5000~6000 plants/acre;Described
Seeder applies 1 row chemical fertilizer among 2 row potato seeds, matches apply seed manure 150kg per acre;
The fertilization depth reaches seed and fertilizer relative level distance 6cm, Relative vertical distance 18cm;
Suppression of soil is to push up to carry out earthing on film to ridge on the film, and it is 7cm that clean-up scraper, which strikes off thickness of soil,;
Membrane edge the earthing width 20cm, membrane edge thickness of earth covering 4.5cm;
Case Experiments On A using technical solution of the present invention plantation potato shows that the implantation methods mu saves 3~5 people of labour,
180 yuan of productive expenditure expense can be averagely saved per acre, water-saving per acre 60~80 cubic metres average, water-saving rate reaches 12%~22%,
Output increased 3%, working efficiency can be improved 5~20 times or more, and the effect of increasing income is fairly obvious, liberate rural area labour significantly
Power improves agricultural production efficiency.
The above, preferred example mode only of the present invention, anyone skilled in the art is in the present invention
In the technical scope of disclosure, the simple change or equivalence replacement for the technical solution that can be become apparent to each fall within of the invention
In protection scope.
Claims (2)
- The implantation methods 1. a kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film irrigates through furrow, are mainly characterized by step are as follows:(1) selection of land, site preparationSelection of land requires flat, and soil the selection subacidity of pH5.5~7.0 or neutral soil can arrange the clay that can be filled or husky earth Soil block, soil moisture content are 12%~20%;It carries out deep ploughing using hydraulic reversing plough after preceding crop harvest to plow, depth of plowing 22~30 centimetres of degree, overturning soil cover weeds, and sunning soil 5~10 days is killed except underground pest and disease damage;It is flat using laser flatting machine Winter water is poured in ground, smooth precision ± 2.5 centimetre;Subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working is wanted before sowing, using subsoiling rotary tillage soil-working machine, tilling depth 30~40 centimetres, 10~16 centimetres of depth of soil preparation, accomplish that ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, no weeds, nothing Root stubble, without mulch, meet sowing working condition requirement;(2) seed preparationBulk potato (>=50g) carries out stripping and slicing, and stripping and slicing size is 30~40g, each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye, stripping and slicing 75% alcohol disinfecting of cutter, admixes 50 kilograms of gypsum with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin Powder, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20~30 minutes;Potato seed is small seed potato (≤50g) or the former potato of G0 and G1, it is not necessary to carry out any processing and directly sowed, will above two treated potato with Small seed potato or the former potato of G0 and G1 store the sowing of 1~2 day time in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition;(3) it plantsIt is sowed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing mulch film spreading and seeding machine, 1 ridge, 2 row, 15~30cm of spacing in the rows, 14~17cm of line-spacing, it is adjacent Line-spacing adjacent rows are connect away from 75~80cm, 12~15cm of planting depth, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape broadcasts seedling number It is 5000~6000 plants/acre;1 row chemical fertilizer is applied among 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, fertilization mode For drilling, matches apply 100~150kg of seed manure per acre;Rotation helical blade in the middle part of seeder carries out ridging, it is desirable that and ridge shape is neat, Row spacing is consistent, ridging 28~30cm of height, the upper top width 35cm of ridge type, lower bottom width 90cm;Ridging is sowed after the completion using sowing Machine spray spray head is sprayed insecticide, at the same by the film-covering mechanism on seeder with wide 110~120 cm mulch to having sowed ridging Ridge type is covered;Soil fine crushing is equably scattered on the top of ridge by native, the muck haulage mechanism that mentions on last seeder, earthing on film Scraping plate mechanism strikes off soil on ridge, 4~7cm of thickness of earth covering on the teleblem of ridge;Membrane edge covering disk mechanism carries out membrane edge earthing work Industry, a kind of this irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods be it is a kind of can once complete trench digging, fertilising, Sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film, earthing integration of operation on film;(3) field managementIt intertills top dressing and irrigates while carrying out, irrigate 5~7 times within 1 year, fertilizer is imposed in pouring water, using crop field flood irrigation mode; Weeding sprays herbicide and various pesticides using mechanical plant protection mode, using equipment for plant protection;(4) seedling is killedIt kills seedling operation to carry out within 7~10 days before planning harvest operation, crop 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left kills net rate > 90%, after crushing Stalk carries out returning to the field processing;(5) it harvestsPotato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, uses It shakes chain type excavator and carries out swath harvesting, when harvest, shake chain conveying soil and potato wedge guarantee that soil potato separates and by potato Laying ground, while mulch shake being packed up, 20~25cm of excavating depth is harvested, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0% hurts potato Rate 1.0%~1.5%, used plastic collection rate 90%~100%;(6) storage is cleaned and is transported in classificationClassification is carried out after potato harvest and cleans processing, treatment process are as follows: sorting table;The dedicated carloader of container;It is transported to Factory or freezer;The dedicated car unloader of container;Conveyor belt;Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk;Storage storage, storage temperature setting It is 10~13 DEG C, storage relative humidity is 85%~90%.
- The implantation methods 2. a kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film as described in claim 1 irrigates through furrow, feature exist In:The mulch is 0.008~0.012mm, and width is 110~120cm;The planting patterns is 1 ridge, 2 row, and 15~30cm of spacing in the rows, 14~17cm of line-spacing, broadcasting seedling number is 5000~6000 plants/acre;The seeder applies 1 row chemical fertilizer among 2 row potato seeds, matches apply 100~150kg of seed manure per acre;The fertilization depth reaches seed and fertilizer relative level 3~6cm of distance, 15~20cm of Relative vertical distance;Suppression of soil is to push up to carry out earthing on film to ridge on the film, and it is 4~7cm that clean-up scraper, which strikes off thickness of soil,;Membrane edge the earthing 16~20cm of width, 4~5cm of membrane edge thickness of earth covering.
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CN111869528A (en) * | 2020-07-25 | 2020-11-03 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting |
CN113040014A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Membrane rain accumulation method based on potato ridge planting |
CN113994804A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 恩平市农业技术推广服务中心 | Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output |
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CN104221682A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 甘肃农业大学 | Dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method |
CN104798589A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on dry land |
CN105557275A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Potato riding, film-covering and planting method |
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CN103460844A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 杨彬 | High-ridge ridge-side double-row film-mulching and drop-irrigation planting method and special sowing machine |
CN103609308A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | 鲁天文 | Potato cultivation technology with high ridge films covered with soil |
CN104221682A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 甘肃农业大学 | Dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method |
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CN113040014A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Membrane rain accumulation method based on potato ridge planting |
CN113994804A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 恩平市农业技术推广服务中心 | Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output |
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