CN114158437A - Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114158437A CN114158437A CN202111435980.4A CN202111435980A CN114158437A CN 114158437 A CN114158437 A CN 114158437A CN 202111435980 A CN202111435980 A CN 202111435980A CN 114158437 A CN114158437 A CN 114158437A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rape
- sowing
- days
- soil
- seeds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060924 Brassica campestris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005892 Deltamethrin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005947 Dimethoate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005899 Fipronil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940013764 fipronil Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometryn Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- DUEPRVBVGDRKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbofuran Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)C2 DUEPRVBVGDRKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005944 Chlorpyrifos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of the efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting cultivation. The method comprises a spring sowing stage and a summer sowing stage, wherein the spring sowing stage comprises the following steps: preparing soil and applying base fertilizer, treating rape seeds sowed in spring, sowing in rush hours, ditching and draining waterlogging, preventing and controlling weeds, enhancing water and fertilizer management, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, picking up young shoots properly and harvesting rape timely; the summer seeding stage comprises the following steps: plowing and applying base fertilizer, treating seeds of rape sowed in summer, sowing in rush hours, ditching and draining waterlogging, preventing and controlling weeds, enhancing water and fertilizer management, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, harvesting rape bolts, harvesting at proper time and ensiling feeds. The invention plants two-season rape on the saline-alkali soil in one year, and carries out multipurpose comprehensive development and utilization according to the rape growth process, thereby realizing multiple purposes of one rape. Meanwhile, the double cropping in one year is realized, and the utilization rate and the multiple cropping index of the saline-alkali soil are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of the efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting cultivation.
Background
China is facing a dual 'embarrassing' situation of shortage of suitable ploughing land resources and aggravation of salinization, and the salinization of soil is a worldwide problem and is one of important environmental factors influencing the growth, development, yield and quality of crops. Although the saline-alkali soil has low yield and even no land is good, the terrain is flat and the irrigation is convenient, so that the saline-alkali soil becomes an important land reserve resource. At present, 50% of saline-alkali soil is not developed and utilized in Liaoning province, and the problems of insufficient utilization, low economic benefit and the like exist. If the salinized land is effectively improved, the method is not only an important supplement to local land resources, but also a good measure for relieving the pressure of the ecosystem. The improvement and treatment and the reasonable development and utilization of the saline-alkali land resources are one of the important ways of solving the sharp decrease of the cultivated land resources in China and ensuring the safe production of grains.
With the progress of science and technology, saline-alkali soil has achieved many achievements in technical improvement, wherein the cultivation of saline-alkali tolerant plant is an effective biological improvement and utilization measure for improving the saline-alkali tolerant capability of the plant. Most of the planting systems in the areas such as Liaoning province are mature in one year, and the traditional agricultural production and planting structures waste a large amount of land and light and temperature resources, so that the economic benefit of farmers is low.
The development of a cultivation method which fully utilizes a large amount of saline-alkali soil and free time of land in Liaoning areas and the like, improves the harvest index of the land, promotes ecological tourism, promotes the construction of beautiful villages and increases the income of farmers is more and more important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the efficient cultivation method of the cabbage type double-low rape and the application of the method in the saline-alkali soil.
The invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of brassica napus, which comprises a spring sowing stage and a summer sowing stage.
The spring sowing stage comprises the following steps:
(1-1) soil preparation and base application
Finishing soil preparation and fertilization in 20 days of 11-12 months in the previous year, including mechanical deep ploughing, removing the stubbles of the previous crops, applying base fertilizer, and wetting soil and overwintering; in the current year, 3 months and 1 day to 3 months and 10 days, shallow ploughing the soil, breaking hardened soil, closing soil seams, cutting capillary tubes, soil preparation and soil moisture preservation, and applying base fertilizer;
(1-2) treatment of spring-sown oilseed rape seed
Selecting cabbage type double low rape seeds which are late-maturing in growth period and strong in regeneration capacity and recovery capacity after picking the shoots, and performing insect prevention treatment;
(1-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds 3, 15 days to 3, 25 days in the year, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20-25cm, 5-10kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds, the seeds are compacted after sowing to preserve soil moisture, the sowing amount of the seeds is 0.6-0.75kg per mu, the situation that the soil moisture is insufficient when the seedlings are sowed once is ensured, and the soil moisture is produced by ditch soaking irrigation;
(1-4) ditching and waterlogging drainage
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(1-5) weed control
Within 3 days after sowing, covering soil and covering seeds, performing weed control at the 3-4 leaf stage of the rape and at the 5-6 leaf stage of the rape;
(1-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80% in the bud coating period, the flowering period and the silique development period, and applying 20-25kg of urea per mu along with water fertilization each time;
(1-7) pest control
Spraying the medicament to prevent and treat in the later growth stage;
(1-8) timely and appropriate picking of shoots
The current year is from 5 months 10 days to 5 months 20 days, the height of the main stem bolt is 25-30cm, the bolt picking period is 10-15 days, and the height of the main stem bolt is 15-20 cm;
(1-9) timely harvesting of rapeseed
Harvesting and airing when 80% of rape pods are yellow or top particles enter the milk stage in the year of 7-15-7-25 months;
the summer seeding stage comprises the following steps:
(2-1) ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Deeply ploughing at 20-7-31 days in the year 7 and 20, till the depth is 30-40cm, and applying base fertilizer;
(2-2) seed treatment of summer-sown oilseed rape
Selecting early-medium-maturing feed rape seeds, and performing underground and seedling stage pest prevention treatment on the seeds;
(2-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds at 5 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months in the current year, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing quantity is 600-750 g per mu, and 10-15kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds;
(2-4) ditching and waterlogging draining
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(2-5) prevention and control of weeds
Spraying with 12.5% of Gelidone 40ml, 50% of prometryn 100g and 50kg of water 3-5 days before sowing;
(2-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and applying 5-8kg of urea per mu of water each time during each watering;
(2-7) pest control
The fodder rape mainly prevents cabbage caterpillar and aphid;
(2-8) harvesting of Brassica campestris
Harvesting rape main moss within 5 days to 15 days of 10 months in the current year;
(2-9) harvesting at proper time and ensiling
And harvesting and ensiling the feed rape at proper time before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in the current year from 11 months 15 days to 11 months 30 days.
Optionally, in the step (1-1), 4500kg of base fertilizer, 15-20kg of diammonium and 15-20kg of potassium sulfate are scattered applied to each mu of farmyard manure, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium applied to each mu of base fertilizer is nitrogen: phosphorus: 15-18 parts of potassium: 12-15: 80-100kg of 9-15 special compound fertilizer for rape.
Optionally, the brassica napus seeds in step (1-2) are medium oil 750; the insect-resistant treatment is to mix seeds with 3 percent of special furandane seed coating agent for rape 2 to 3 days before sowing.
Optionally, in the step (1-4) and the step (2-4), the width of the compartment is 2.5-3.0m, the depth of the compartment is 15-20cm, the width of the compartment is 15-20cm, the depth of the waist groove is 20-25cm, the width of the waist groove is 20-25cm, the depth of the surrounding groove is 25-30cm, and the width of the surrounding groove is 25-30 cm.
Optionally, within 3 days after the seeds are sowed, covered with soil and covered by the seeds in the step (1-5), 50ml to 60ml of 50 percent acetochlor is added with 10kg to 15kg of water for spray control and closed weeding; in the 3-4 leaf period of rape, the grass can be mixed with water to spray for preventing and controlling gramineous weeds; in the 5-6 leaf stage of rape, high teke water is sprayed to prevent and control broad leaf weeds.
Optionally, the forage rape seed variety in step (2-2) is dioecine 1607; the method for preventing underground and seedling stage insect pests is to mix seeds with 10-12ml fipronil for each mu of land 2-3 days before sowing.
Optionally, in the step (2-7), 20ml-25ml of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is added with 40kg-50kg of water for spraying to control cabbage caterpillars; one of 800-fold dimethoate medicament and 800-fold 24.5 percent green vitamin mite medicament is used for preventing and treating aphids.
The second aspect of the invention protects the application of the efficient cultivation method of the cabbage type double low rape in saline-alkali soil.
The principle is as follows: the double-low cabbage type rape has strong saline-alkali tolerance, developed root system, cold resistance, moisture resistance, fertilizer resistance, fast growth, strong growth vigor, luxuriant branches and leaves, high biomass of about 4-6 tons, capacity of quickly covering the earth surface, less evaporation, effective utilization of saline-alkali soil and simultaneous soil improvement and less salinization. In production, the double-low cabbage type rape is widely used, not only is an important oil crop, but also can be used as feed, vegetables, green manure, honey source and ornamental crops, and the rape becomes the best and most effective crop for the integration of first, second and third industries, is an ideal crop for combining agriculture and animal husbandry and developing ecological tourism, and plays an important role in modern sightseeing agriculture.
Has the advantages that:
the soil salinization is a major adversity problem faced by agricultural development in China, is one of main elements for limiting agricultural productivity, and has important significance for improving soil by combining the development of the cultivation of the saline-alkali tolerant rape with the utilization and restoration of saline-alkali soil. Introducing the oil crop cabbage type rape widely planted in south China into Liaoning province can not only utilize a large amount of saline and alkaline land, but also effectively reduce and improve the salinization of soil, protect the ecological environment of farmland and improve the physical and chemical structure of soil, and has very obvious ecological benefit. The invention is not only an important supplement to local land resources, but also an environment-friendly method for biologically improving and utilizing saline-alkali soil.
The invention plants two-season rape on the saline-alkali soil in one year, and carries out multipurpose comprehensive development and utilization according to the rape growth process, thereby realizing multiple purposes of one rape. The rape field can be harvested twice per mu, the rape seeds can be harvested once per mu, the high-quality feed can be harvested once per mu, the increased labor cost and the production cost are reduced by about 2000 yuan, the income of the rape field can be increased by more than 5000 yuan per mu compared with the yield of other crops, the planting benefit of the rape field is greatly improved, and great economic benefit is brought to farmers.
The invention rewrites the original planting history of one-year-one-harvest in northeast China, realizes two-harvest in one year, improves the land utilization rate and the multiple cropping index, and fully utilizes the land space, light, temperature, water and fertilizer resources all the year round. Also provides high-quality forage for the development of animal husbandry, effectively solves the problem of green feed shortage and promotes the healthy development of the breeding industry. In addition, the rape of different varieties of spring sowing and summer sowing respectively has rape flowering time about one month after the middle 6 th and 10 th days, so that the rape becomes an important tourism resource, the ornamental flower types in summer and autumn are increased, and the tourism of the country and the construction of beautiful countryside are greatly promoted. The method promotes the combination of planting and breeding and the deep integration of the first industry, the second industry and the third industry, and has positive influence on the adjustment and development mode conversion of agricultural structures in vast northern areas such as Liaoning in China.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
The raw materials in the examples of the present application were all purchased commercially, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method of the present embodiment includes a spring sowing stage and a summer sowing stage.
The spring sowing stage comprises the following steps:
(1-1) soil preparation and base application
Finishing soil preparation and fertilization 20 days in 11 months in the previous year, including mechanical deep ploughing, removing stubbles of previous crops, applying base fertilizer, and wet soil moisture for overwintering; in 3 months and 5 days in the year, ploughing the soil shallowly, breaking hardened soil, closing soil seams, cutting capillaries, soil preparation and soil moisture preservation, and applying base fertilizer;
(1-2) treatment of spring-sown oilseed rape seed
Selecting cabbage type double low rape seeds which are late-maturing in growth period and strong in regeneration capacity and recovery capacity after picking the shoots, and performing insect prevention treatment;
(1-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds 3 months and 15 days in the year, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, the row spacing is 20cm, 5kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds, the seeds are pressed to preserve soil moisture after sowing, and the sowing amount of the seeds is 0.6kg per mu, so that the full seedlings are guaranteed to be sown once; when the soil moisture content is insufficient, the compartment ditch is irrigated by soaking to form soil moisture;
(1-4) ditching and waterlogging drainage
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(1-5) weed control
Weed control is carried out in the 3-leaf period and the 5-leaf period of the rape within 3 days after sowing, covering soil and covering seeds;
(1-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70% in a bud coating period, a flowering period and a silique development period, and applying 20kg of urea per mu along with water fertilization each time;
(1-7) pest control
Spraying the medicament to prevent and treat in the later growth stage;
(1-8) timely and appropriate picking of shoots
When the current year is 5 months and 10 days, the height of the main stem is 25cm, the stem picking period is 10 days, and the stem picking period is 15 cm;
(1-9) timely harvesting of rapeseed
Harvesting and airing when 80% of rape pods are yellow or top particles enter the milk stage in 7, 15 and 7 days in the year;
the summer seeding stage comprises the following steps:
(2-1) ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Ploughing deeply for 30cm in 20 days in 7 months in the year, and applying base fertilizer;
(2-2) seed treatment of summer-sown oilseed rape
Selecting early-medium-maturing feed rape seeds, and performing underground and seedling stage pest prevention treatment on the seeds;
(2-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds 8 months and 5 days in the year, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 25cm, the sowing quantity is 600g per mu, and 15kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds;
(2-4) ditching and waterlogging draining
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(2-5) prevention and control of weeds
Spraying with 12.5% of Gelidone 40ml, 50% of prometryn 100g and 50kg of water 5 days before sowing;
(2-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70%, and applying 8kg of urea to each mu of water each time when watering;
(2-7) pest control
The fodder rape mainly prevents cabbage caterpillar and aphid;
(2-8) harvesting of Brassica campestris
Harvesting the rape main moss in 10 months and 5 days in the year;
(2-9) harvesting at proper time and ensiling
And (4) harvesting and ensiling the feed rape at proper time before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in 11/15 days of the year.
In the step (1-1), 4500kg of bulk farmyard manure, 20kg of diammonium and 20kg of potassium sulfate are applied as base fertilizers per mu, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium applied as the base fertilizers per mu is as follows: phosphorus: 15-18 parts of potassium: 12-15: 80kg of 9-15 special compound fertilizer for rape.
The cabbage type double low rape seeds in the step (1-2) are medium oil 750; the insect-resistant treatment is to mix seeds with 3 percent of special furandane seed coating agent for rape 3 days before sowing.
In the step (1-4) and the step (2-4), the width of the carriage is 3.0m, the depth of the carriage groove is 15cm, the width of the carriage groove is 20cm, the depth of the waist groove is 25cm, the width of the waist groove is 20cm, and the depth of the surrounding groove is 25cm, and the width of the surrounding groove is 30 cm.
In 3 days after the seeds are sowed, covered with soil and covered with seeds in the step (1-5), 50ml of 50 percent acetochlor is added with 15kg of water for spraying, preventing and sealing weeding; in the rape 3-leaf period, the grass energy is mixed with water to spray to prevent and control grassy weeds; in the 5-leaf period of rape, high tek water is sprayed to prevent and control broadleaf weeds.
The variety of the feed rape seeds in the step (2-2) is double oil 1607; the method for preventing underground and seedling stage insect pests is to mix seeds with fipronil of 12ml per mu 3 days before sowing.
In the step (2-7), 20ml of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is added with 40kg of water for spraying to prevent cabbage caterpillar; one of 1000 times dimethoate medicament and 800 times 24.5 percent of green vitamin mite medicament is used for preventing and treating aphids.
Example 2
The method in this embodiment includes a spring sowing stage and a summer sowing stage.
The spring sowing stage comprises the following steps:
(1-1) soil preparation and base application
Finishing soil preparation and fertilization 20 days 12 months before the first year, including mechanical deep ploughing, removing stubbles of previous crops, applying base fertilizer, and wetting soil to overwinter; in the current year of 3 months and 10 days, ploughing the soil shallowly, breaking hardened soil, closing soil seams, cutting capillaries, soil preparation and soil moisture preservation, and applying base fertilizer;
(1-2) treatment of spring-sown oilseed rape seed
Selecting cabbage type double low rape seeds which are late-maturing in growth period and strong in regeneration capacity and recovery capacity after picking the shoots, and performing insect prevention treatment;
(1-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds 3 and 25 days in the year, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm, the row spacing is 25cm, 10kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds, the seeds are pressed to preserve soil moisture after sowing, and the sowing amount of the seeds is 0.75kg per mu, so that the full seedlings are guaranteed to be sown once; when the soil moisture content is insufficient, the compartment ditch is irrigated by soaking to form soil moisture;
(1-4) ditching and waterlogging drainage
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(1-5) weed control
Weed control is carried out in the 4-leaf stage and the 6-leaf stage of the rape within 3 days after sowing, covering soil and covering seeds;
(1-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 80% in a bud coating period, a flowering period and a silique development period, and applying 25kg of urea per mu along with water fertilization each time;
(1-7) pest control
Spraying the medicament to prevent and treat in the later growth stage;
(1-8) timely and appropriate picking of shoots
The current year is 20 days at 5 months, the main stem is 30cm high, the stem picking period is 15 days, and the stem picking period is 20 cm;
(1-9) timely harvesting of rapeseed
Harvesting and airing when 80% of rape pods are yellow or top particles enter the milk stage in 25 days after 7 months in the year;
the summer seeding stage comprises the following steps:
(2-1) ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Ploughing deeply at 31 days 7 and 31 months in the year, ploughing to 40cm deep, and applying base fertilizer;
(2-2) seed treatment of summer-sown oilseed rape
Selecting early-medium-maturing feed rape seeds, and performing underground and seedling stage pest prevention treatment on the seeds;
(2-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds at 815 days in the same year, wherein the sowing depth is 2.5cm, the row spacing is 30cm, the sowing quantity is 750g per mu, and 10kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds;
(2-4) ditching and waterlogging draining
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(2-5) prevention and control of weeds
Spraying with 12.5% of Gelidone 40ml, 50% of prometryn 100g and 50kg of water 3 days before sowing;
(2-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 80%, and applying 5kg of urea to each mu of water each time when watering;
(2-7) pest control
The fodder rape mainly prevents cabbage caterpillar and aphid;
(2-8) harvesting of Brassica campestris
Harvesting the rape main moss 10 months and 15 days in the year;
(2-9) harvesting at proper time and ensiling
And (4) harvesting and ensiling the feed rape at proper time before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in 11-month and 30-day of the year.
In the step (1-1), 4000kg of farmyard manure, 15kg of diammonium and 15kg of potassium sulfate are scattered applied to each mu of base fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium applied to each mu of base fertilizer is as follows: phosphorus: 15-18 parts of potassium: 12-15: 9-15 kg of compound fertilizer special for rape.
The cabbage type double low rape seeds in the step (1-2) are medium oil 750; the insect-resistant treatment is to mix seeds with 3 percent of special furandane seed coating agent for rape 2 days before sowing.
In the step (1-4) and the step (2-4), the width of the carriage is 2.5m, the depth of the carriage groove is 20cm, the width of the carriage groove is 15cm, the depth of the waist groove is 20cm, the width of the waist groove is 25cm, and the depth of the surrounding groove is 30cm, and the width of the surrounding groove is 25 cm.
In 3 days after the seeds are sowed, covered with soil and covered with seeds in the step (1-5), 50ml to 60ml of 50 percent acetochlor is added with 10kg of water for spray control and closed weeding; in the 4-leaf period of the rape, the Gelidium can be mixed with water to spray to prevent and control the gramineous weeds; in the 6-leaf stage of rape, high-tech water is sprayed to prevent and control broadleaf weeds.
The variety of the feed rape seeds in the step (2-2) is double oil 1607; the method for preventing underground and seedling stage insect pests is to mix seeds with fipronil of 10ml per mu 2 days before sowing.
Optionally, in the step (2-7), 25ml of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is added with 50kg of water for spraying to control the cabbage caterpillars; one of 800 times of dimethoate medicaments and 1000 times of 24.5 percent of green vitamin mite medicaments is used for preventing and treating aphids.
Example 3
Spring sowing late-maturing cabbage type double low rape
(1-1) soil preparation and base application
Finishing soil preparation and fertilization in the first ten days of 11-12 months, mechanically deep ploughing, removing the stubbles of the previous crops, ploughing to 30-40cm deep, applying enough base fertilizers (4000 kg of farmyard manure, 15kg of diammonium and 15kg of potassium sulfate are dispersedly applied per mu), and wetting soil and overwintering. In spring (3 last ten days), the temperature rises, the surface soil begins to thaw, the land is ploughed shallowly, hardened soil is broken, soil seams are closed, capillaries are cut off, soil preparation and soil moisture preservation are carried out, and 80-100kg of special compound fertilizer for rape is applied per mu due to large fertilizer demand of double-low cabbage type rape, and the soil is in a loose, broken and flat state to be sowed.
(1-2) treatment of spring-sown oilseed rape seed
The drought-resistant barren-resistant 'double-low' cabbage rape variety with the advantages of density resistance, high yield, lodging resistance, stain resistance, salt and alkali resistance, strong growth vigor at the seedling stage, cold resistance, early emergence tendency, weak winter property, vigorous vegetative growth at the seedling stage, disease and insect resistance, late maturity at the growth stage, strong regeneration capacity and recovery capacity after picking the young shoots, good edible quality of the young shoots, high nutritional value, strong fertility and high biological yield of the young shoots and seeds is selected according to local conditions, and the oil 750 is contained in the drought-resistant barren-resistant 'double-low' cabbage rape variety.
2-3 days before sowing, dressing seeds with 3% of special furandane seed coating agent for rape to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests in seedling stage.
(1-3) time-rushing seeding
In about the middle and last ten days of 3 months (No. 15-25), sowing is carried out immediately after land leveling, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 25cm, uniform and consistent depth of seeds are achieved, covering soil is carried out to ensure that the seeds are not exposed, 5-10kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds, so that the rape can obtain quick-acting nutrients in the seedling stage in time to form a robust root system, the rape is pressed to preserve soil moisture after sowing, the sowing quantity per mu is 0.6-0.75kg, and the full seedlings are ensured to be sowed once. When the soil moisture content is insufficient, the compartment ditch is irrigated by soaking to form soil moisture so as to prevent soil hardening and influence the germination, emergence, seedling alignment and seedling growth of seeds. The yield is reduced when the sowing depth is too deep and too shallow, the sowing is too deep, the embryo soil breaking and seedling emergence process is longer, the energy consumption is large, and weak seedlings are easy to form; sowing is too shallow, the water content changes violently day and night, and the safe seedling emergence cannot be ensured.
(1-4) ditching and waterlogging drainage
Generally, after sowing, ditching and making a compartment in time, wherein the width of the compartment is 2.5-3.0 meters, and ditching soil is uniformly scattered on the surface of the compartment to ensure that the compartment surface is smooth. Before sowing, the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are matched to drain waterlogging and prevent waterlogging in time, keep smooth drainage, reduce humidity and prevent diseases. The waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch, and the ditches are communicated, so that drainage and irrigation are smooth. The compartment ditch is required to be straight, flat, deep and narrow (the depth is 15-20cm, and the width is 15-20 cm). The large land needs to be provided with a waist ditch (20-25 cm deep and 20-25cm wide), and the periphery of the land is provided with an encircling ditch (25-30 cm deep and 25-30cm wide). The field waterlogging and low temperature can cause the growth vigor of the rape to be weak. In low-lying fields and cold-soaked fields, the width of a compartment is reduced, the depth of a drainage channel is increased, and waterlogging is reduced.
(1-5) weed control:
the growth period of the rape is just in spring and summer, the weeds on the saline-alkali soil are generally serious, the weeds are mainly prevented in time, closed weeding is carried out after seeding, 50ml-60ml of 50% acetochlor is added with 10kg-15kg of water for preventing closed weeding within three days after seeding, covering soil and covering seeds. In the 3-4 leaf period of rape, the grass can be mixed with water to spray and control gramineous weeds. The broadleaf weeds are prevented and treated by spraying high-tech water at about 6-leaf stage of the rapes.
(1-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Irrigation and dip irrigation are carried out reasonably according to soil moisture content, the water content of the soil is kept at about 70-80%, and the key points are at a bud coating stage, a flowering stage and a silique development stage so as to improve the thousand-grain weight and the oil content of the rapeseed, and fertilization is carried out along with water each time: on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer, additional fertilizer (25 kg of urea is applied per mu) is prepared for several times, and fertilizer is applied along with water.
(1-7) pest control
The early growth stage is in spring, the temperature is low, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, additional plant disease and insect pest management is not needed, and pure natural and pollution-free green cultivation and management are achieved.
And generally the insect pest is serious and the disease is relatively light in the later growth stage. In the early stage, cabbage caterpillar is mainly controlled, when all the larvae are grown in the field, the larvae are 2-3 instars, 100-120 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is added with 40-50 kg of water for spray control. And observing the occurrence of rape aphids in the later period, and when the aphid rate reaches 8%, adding 40-60 g of imidacloprid wettable powder with the concentration of 10% into 40-50 kg of water, and spraying the pesticide for preventing and treating the rape aphids.
(1-8) timely and appropriate picking of shoots
With the rise of the air temperature in spring, the growth of the rapes is accelerated, about 5 months and 15 mm, when the main stem bolt is 25-30cm high, the bolt is picked for 15-20cm, the bolt picking period is about 10-15 days, 500kg of bolts can be picked per mu, and the average wholesale price of the rape bolt market is 5.0 yuan/kg. The double-low cabbage type rape young shoots are strong, crisp, tender, juicy, fresh green in color and luster, fragrant and sweet in aftertaste, rich in vitamins and trace elements, can be eaten fresh, and can be dehydrated to prepare dried vegetables or quick-frozen to be exported. Generally, flowering is delayed for 5-7 days after picking the moss.
The date is that rape begins to flower in spring in 6 months and 1 day, the rape enters the full-bloom stage in 6 months and 5 days, the flowering period is 25-30 days, bees are raised in the flowering period of the rape, flowers are used as media, tourists are attracted, rural tourism is promoted, and the comprehensive income of the tourism is increased.
(1-9) timely harvesting of rapeseed
The rape is planted in Liaoning, the growing process is accelerated, the growing period is shortened, when 80% of rape pods are yellow or top particles enter the milk stage, the rape is harvested and aired in time, the harvesting time is preferably in the morning or in shady and cool weather so as to avoid dropping, harvesting is carried out on sunny days and opportunity days about 7 months and 20 days so as to improve the efficiency, threshing, impurity removal and airing are carried out after 3-4 days of airing, the average yield per mu for spring sowing and summer harvesting can reach about 200 plus materials of 250kg, and the thousand-grain weight can reach about 3 g.
Early-medium-maturing feed rape for summer sowing
(2-1) ploughing and applying base fertilizer
After the rape planted in spring is harvested in the late 7 th month, the rape is ploughed deeply in time, the ploughing depth is 30-40cm, the fallen rape seeds are buried deeply in the ground to inhibit the rape seeds from sprouting, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 3000kg of farmyard manure, 10kg of diammonium and 10kg of potassium sulfate are further applied in a scattered mode per mu.
(2-2) seed treatment of summer-sown rape:
according to local conditions, a high-quality double-low feed rape variety double-oil 1607 which is suitable for local planting, resistant to water stains, dense, lodging, strong in growth potential, high in biological yield and high in protein content is selected. 2-3 days before sowing, dressing seeds with 10-12ml fipronil per mu of land, drying for later use, and preventing and controlling underground and seedling-stage pests.
(2-3) time-saving seeding:
avoiding the adverse effects of high temperature, drought and rain at the bottom of 7 months and at the beginning of 8 months on the growth of the rape, carrying out mechanical sowing about 8 months and 10 th month, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm, the row spacing is 30cm, covering soil ensures that seeds are not exposed, the sowing amount is 600-750 g, and 10kg of urea is applied along with the seeds per mu. When the soil moisture content is insufficient, the ditch is used for irrigating soil moisture to promote the germination of seeds so as to be beneficial to the emergence of seedlings, the alignment of seedlings and the growth of seedlings.
(2-4) ditching and waterlogging draining
Generally, after sowing, ditching and making a compartment in time, wherein the width of the compartment is 2.5-3.0 meters, and ditching soil is uniformly scattered on the surface of the compartment to ensure that the compartment surface is smooth. Before sowing, the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are matched to drain waterlogging and prevent waterlogging in time, keep smooth drainage, reduce humidity and prevent diseases. The waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch, and the ditches are communicated, so that drainage and irrigation are smooth. The compartment ditch is required to be straight, flat, deep and narrow (the depth is 15-20cm, and the width is 15-20 cm). The large land needs to be provided with a waist ditch (20-25 cm deep and 20-25cm wide), and the periphery of the land is provided with an encircling ditch (25-30 cm deep and 25-30cm wide). The field waterlogging and low temperature can cause the growth vigor of the rape to be weak. In low-lying fields and cold-soaked fields, the width of a compartment is reduced, the depth of a drainage channel is increased, and waterlogging is reduced.
(2-5) prevention and control of weeds
The growth stage of the feed rape is just in late summer and early autumn, the weed damage is serious, and the feed rape is sprayed by using 40ml of 12.5 percent of mulch grass energy, 100g of 50 percent of prometryn and 50kg of water 3 to 5 days before sowing. In the later period, along with the gradual reduction of the air temperature, the rape grows faster than weeds, and the weeds do not need to be controlled any more.
(2-6) enhanced liquid manure management
The water and fertilizer management is enhanced, the rape is resistant to fertilizer and not drought, proper irrigation is carried out at proper time according to soil moisture content, the water content of the soil is kept at 70-80%, and 5kg of urea is applied to each mu of water each time when watering is carried out.
(2-7) pest control:
the feed rape has relatively light diseases and serious insect pests in the early growth stage, and is mainly used for preventing and treating cabbage caterpillars and aphids, and when the rape is grown in the whole field, 20-25 ml of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is mixed with 40-50 kg of water for spraying to prevent and treat the cabbage caterpillars. The aphid is prevented and treated by spraying 800 times of dimethoate medicament or 1000 times of 24.5 percent of green vitamin mite medicament.
And the insect pest is lighter along with the reduction of the temperature in the later period, and the prevention and the treatment are not needed.
(2-8) harvesting of Brassica campestris
When the rape sprouts begin to sprout in 10 months and the temperature is gradually reduced, the harvesting time is prolonged, the quality is better, the rape sprouts can be harvested for about 45 days, the yield per mu is about 500kg, the price is about 6 yuan, and the income is 3000 yuan.
In the late 10 th month of rape, the rape enters the full bloom stage, the positive value is late autumn, autumn harvest in Liaoning area is basically finished, and the flowering period of rape at the moment is long, so that the rape becomes an important tourism resource and rural tourism in autumn and winter is promoted.
(2-9) harvesting in due time, and ensiling:
the rape has good cold resistance, can grow to the last ten days of 11 months, can harvest and ensilage the rape in time according to weather conditions in the middle and last ten days of 11 months before freezing injury symptoms appear, has the plant height of 150cm, strong base leaves, 1.5cm thick stem base parts, large leaves, 200g of single plant yield, 3-5 tons of yield per mu and the price of high-quality feed of about 500 yuan, and can be put into about 2000 yuan in total. The rape is regarded as a new high-quality forage grass source more and more.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The efficient cultivation method of the cabbage type double-low rape is characterized by comprising a spring sowing stage and a summer sowing stage;
the spring sowing stage comprises the following steps:
(1-1) soil preparation and base application
Finishing soil preparation and fertilization in 20 days of 11-12 months in the previous year, including mechanical deep ploughing, removing the stubbles of the previous crops, applying base fertilizer, and wetting soil and overwintering; in the current year, 3 months and 1 day to 3 months and 10 days, ploughing the soil shallowly, breaking the hardened soil, closing soil seams, cutting capillary tubes, soil preparation and soil moisture preservation, and applying base fertilizer;
(1-2) treatment of spring-sown oilseed rape seed
Selecting cabbage type double low rape seeds which are late-maturing in growth period and strong in regeneration capacity and recovery capacity after picking the shoots, and performing insect prevention treatment;
(1-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds 3, 15 days to 3, 25 days in the year, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 20-25cm, 5-10kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds, the seeds are compacted after sowing to preserve soil moisture, the sowing amount of the seeds is 0.6-0.75kg per mu, the situation that the soil moisture is insufficient when the seedlings are sowed once is ensured, and the soil moisture is produced by ditch soaking irrigation;
(1-4) ditching and waterlogging drainage
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(1-5) weed control
Within 3 days after sowing, covering soil and covering seeds, performing weed control at the 3-4 leaf stage of the rape and at the 5-6 leaf stage of the rape;
(1-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80% in the bud coating period, the flowering period and the silique development period, and applying 20-25kg of urea per mu along with water fertilization each time;
(1-7) pest control
Spraying the medicament to prevent and treat in the later growth stage;
(1-8) timely and appropriate picking of shoots
The current year is from 5 months 10 days to 5 months 20 days, the height of the main stem bolt is 25-30cm, the bolt picking period is 10-15 days, and the height of the main stem bolt is 15-20 cm;
(1-9) timely harvesting of rapeseed
Harvesting and airing when 80% of rape pods are yellow or top particles enter the milk stage in the year of 7-15-7-25 months;
the summer seeding stage comprises the following steps:
(2-1) ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Deeply ploughing at 20-7-31 days in the year 7 and 20, till the depth is 30-40cm, and applying base fertilizer;
(2-2) seed treatment of summer-sown oilseed rape
Selecting early-medium-maturing feed rape seeds, and performing underground and seedling stage pest prevention treatment on the seeds;
(2-3) time-rushing seeding
Sowing the seeds at 5 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months in the current year, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing quantity is 600-750 g per mu, and 10-15kg of urea is applied to each mu along with the seeds;
(2-4) ditching and waterlogging draining
After sowing, ditching and making a compartment, and arranging a compartment ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the surrounding ditch is deeper than the waist ditch;
(2-5) prevention and control of weeds
Spraying with 12.5% of Gelidone 40ml, 50% of prometryn 100g and 50kg of water 3-5 days before sowing;
(2-6) enhanced liquid manure management
Keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and applying 5-8kg of urea per mu of water each time during each watering;
(2-7) pest control
The fodder rape mainly prevents cabbage caterpillar and aphid;
(2-8) harvesting of Brassica campestris
Harvesting rape main moss within 5 days to 15 days of 10 months in the current year;
(2-9) harvesting at proper time and ensiling
And harvesting and ensiling the feed rape at proper time before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in the current year from 11 months 15 days to 11 months 30 days.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1-1), the base fertilizer is 4000-4500kg of farmyard manure, 15-20kg of diammonium and 15-20kg of potassium sulfate, which are scattered applied per mu, and the base fertilizer is applied per mu with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mass ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: 15-18 parts of potassium: 12-15: 80-100kg of 9-15 special compound fertilizer for rape.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the brassica napus seeds of step (1-2) are medium oil 750.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pest control treatment in (1-2) is seed dressing with 3% of rape specific furadan seed coating 2-3 days before sowing.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1-4) and (2-4), the width of the compartment is 2.5-3.0m, the depth of the compartment is 15-20cm, the width of the compartment is 15-20cm, the depth of the waist groove is 20-25cm, the width of the waist groove is 20-25cm, the depth of the surrounding groove is 25-30cm, and the width of the surrounding groove is 25-30 cm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein within 3 days after the sowing, soil covering and seed covering in the step (1-5), 50ml-60ml of 50% acetochlor is added with 10kg-15kg of water for spray control and closed weeding; in the 3-4 leaf period of rape, the grass can be mixed with water to spray for preventing and controlling gramineous weeds; in the 5-6 leaf stage of rape, high teke water is sprayed to prevent and control broad leaf weeds.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forage canola seed variety in step (2-2) is canola 1607; the method for preventing underground and seedling stage insect pests is to mix seeds with 10-12ml fipronil for each mu of land 2-3 days before sowing.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2-7), 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 20ml-25ml is added with water 40kg-50kg for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillar; one of 800-fold dimethoate medicament and 800-fold 24.5 percent green vitamin mite medicament is used for preventing and treating aphids.
9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in saline-alkali soil cultivation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111435980.4A CN114158437A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111435980.4A CN114158437A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114158437A true CN114158437A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
Family
ID=80481575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111435980.4A Pending CN114158437A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114158437A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226578A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-25 | 宜昌市农业科学研究院 | Crop rotation method for zero-tillage planting vegetable-fertilizer dual-purpose rape by using corn stalks |
| CN115316205A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-11 | 青岛农业大学 | Method for cultivating winter wheat in saline-alkali soil by reducing evaporation, inhibiting salt and improving soil productivity and matched machine |
| CN115581176A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-01-10 | 准格尔旗绿蒙康源农业发展有限责任公司 | Method for improving emergence rate and yield of rape planted in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115589919A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-01-13 | 大连工业大学（Cn） | Cultivation mode for prolonging flowering period of rape and efficiently and comprehensively utilizing rape |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123167A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 大连工业大学 | Method for planting one-year-two-harvest brassica napus spring rape in northeast China |
| CN106941919A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice |
| CN108293737A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-07-20 | 江西省红壤研究所 | A kind of ratooning rice set broadcasts rape gently simple efficient cultivation method |
| CN109169048A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-11 | 石河子大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil grazing Brassica napus cultural method |
| CN110115207A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-13 | 大连工业大学 | A method of in Liaoning Area multiple cropping brassica campestris var purpurea, spring rape and forage rape |
| CN110603923A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN112400631A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-26 | 大连工业大学 | Method for cultivating two kinds of three-harvest multipurpose utilized double-low cabbage type rape |
-
2021
- 2021-11-29 CN CN202111435980.4A patent/CN114158437A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123167A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 大连工业大学 | Method for planting one-year-two-harvest brassica napus spring rape in northeast China |
| CN106941919A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice |
| CN108293737A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-07-20 | 江西省红壤研究所 | A kind of ratooning rice set broadcasts rape gently simple efficient cultivation method |
| CN109169048A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-11 | 石河子大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil grazing Brassica napus cultural method |
| CN110115207A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-13 | 大连工业大学 | A method of in Liaoning Area multiple cropping brassica campestris var purpurea, spring rape and forage rape |
| CN110603923A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN112400631A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-26 | 大连工业大学 | Method for cultivating two kinds of three-harvest multipurpose utilized double-low cabbage type rape |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115316205A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-11 | 青岛农业大学 | Method for cultivating winter wheat in saline-alkali soil by reducing evaporation, inhibiting salt and improving soil productivity and matched machine |
| CN115316205B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-03-01 | 青岛农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil winter wheat steaming-reducing salt-inhibiting soil-lifting cultivation method and matched machinery |
| CN115226578A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-25 | 宜昌市农业科学研究院 | Crop rotation method for zero-tillage planting vegetable-fertilizer dual-purpose rape by using corn stalks |
| CN115589919A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-01-13 | 大连工业大学（Cn） | Cultivation mode for prolonging flowering period of rape and efficiently and comprehensively utilizing rape |
| CN115581176A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-01-10 | 准格尔旗绿蒙康源农业发展有限责任公司 | Method for improving emergence rate and yield of rape planted in saline-alkali soil |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104396555A (en) | Cultivation method for improving corn yield in saline-alkali land | |
| CN114158437A (en) | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil | |
| CN104335860A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology for drily direct-seeding rice | |
| CN110115207B (en) | Method for replanting red rape moss, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area | |
| CN101779570B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology of strawberry-rice double cropping system | |
| CN107396740B (en) | Summer cultivation method for garlic | |
| CN105532237A (en) | Standardization planting technology of cold-highland-area aconitum vilmorimianum kom | |
| CN103503688A (en) | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root | |
| CN103053302A (en) | Mechanical planting pattern suitable for concise melon cultivation in the open field | |
| CN113179872A (en) | Method for planting cyperus esculentus in extremely arid sandy area | |
| CN101411278A (en) | Method for using regeneration capacity of Chinese sorghum | |
| CN104996261A (en) | Paulownia root-imbedding seedling growing technology | |
| CN104920148A (en) | Mulberry garden intercropping soybean comprehensive planting pattern | |
| CN104285658A (en) | Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode | |
| CN113575327A (en) | Simple and efficient cultivation method suitable for paddy-upland rotation in hilly areas | |
| CN106941995A (en) | A kind of Loess Region jujube garden makees the implantation methods of forage rape between in the ranks | |
| CN104115664A (en) | Method for interplanting ecological pasture grasses and cotton trees | |
| CN106069151B (en) | High-yield planting method for coix as pasture | |
| CN112400631A (en) | Method for cultivating two kinds of three-harvest multipurpose utilized double-low cabbage type rape | |
| CN101411282B (en) | Method for cultivating flood-refuge crops in hollow of southwest karst peak cluster | |
| CN113575322A (en) | Efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn | |
| CN103355127B (en) | Early sowing method for rice field milk vetch | |
| CN112616603A (en) | Planting method for interplanting stylosanthes guianensis in orange orchard | |
| CN108293565A (en) | The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit | |
| CN110547156A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for tomatoes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220311 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |