CN102893786B - Paddy-upland rotation culture method for strawberries and water chestnuts - Google Patents
Paddy-upland rotation culture method for strawberries and water chestnuts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for paddy-upland rotation of strawberries and water chestnuts to eliminate successive cropping obstacles. The method comprises the following steps: in the first ten-day period of March, building ridges at the periphery of a plastic film coated sunlight warm greenhouse, taking an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, feeding water for ploughing and levelling to obtain a shallow water chestnut nursery pond; harvesting the strawberries, and ploughing and levelling a piece of field to obtain a flat rectangular piece of field; setting shallow water chestnuts 45 days after the shallow water chestnuts are sowed generally, transplanting the shallow water chestnuts to the prepared strawberry field, and inserting the shallow water chestnuts into soil for setting; and harvesting water chestnut stems and water chestnuts, applying an organic fertilizer or fermented farmyard manure serving as a base fertilizer, ploughing and ridging, transplanting strawberry seedlings, performing normal field management, and harvesting the strawberries. Facility strawberries are taken as an agricultural production main body, the water chestnuts are auxiliarily planted, the paddy-upland rotation is realized, successive cropping obstacles such as soil acidification and salinification, nutrient imbalance and serious soil-borne diseases and pests caused by successive plantation of strawberries in the facility strawberry field are delayed or eliminated, the utilization rate is improved, the shopping baskets of consumers are enriched, and the agricultural production benefit is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, particularly relate to a kind of strawberry water caltrop rice field-upland field rotation cultivation method.
Background technology
Strawberry high financial profit, the market competitiveness is strong, occupies an important position in modern plant.The development of the industrialization of producing along with facility strawberry, specialization, scale, has become the pillar industry in the areas such as Donghai Area, Jiangsu yellow river, Jurong white rabbit, Fu Jia limit, Lishui.Due to strawberry facility, to move cost higher, the production and application phase in year is long, add arable land limited, facility continuous cropping phenomenon is very general, and this just causes the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenons such as the soil salinization, acidifying, nutrient imbalance and damage by disease and insect increase the weight of generally to occur, and main manifestations is that the generations such as soil-borne disease is withered, verticillium wilt are serious, growth is suppressed, vine growth and development is bad, lethality up to 30%, production declining 20%-50%, brings about great losses to strawberry production.The continuous cropping obstacle serious threat facility strawberry sustainable development of producing, directly affect Yield of Strawberry and benefit, becomes some regional bottleneck problems restricting strawberry production sustainable developments.How the continuous cropping obstacle such as the integrated control soil salinization effectively, acidifying, nutrient imbalance and damage by disease and insect, improves working condition, the sustainable development of support facility strawberry production, more aobvious urgent.
At present, production prevents and treats strawberry continuous cropping obstacle and have several method: crop rotation, the rotation of crops, soil removal and replacement (soil moved in improve the original), select the chemistry such as disease-resistant variety and Celfume or applying biological system to carry out soil disinfection.Strawberry specialty growing area is ploughed nervous, substantially can fall without ground; Soil removal and replacement workload is very large, and is unfavorable for the raising of soil fertility; The disease-resistant variety seed selection of multiresistance is very difficult; Celfume Disinfection Effect is good, but toxicity is extremely strong, easily causes people and animals' injures and deaths, causes severe contamination to environment, has forbidden in the world producing and using from January 1 calendar year 2001; Biologic product is comparatively large by the impact of amblent air temperature, and operation technique is high, and effect is difficult to control.
Rice field-upland field rotation is ecological, the efficient cropping system of one that China working people sums up formation in long-term practice, and Wu Yuguang etc. (2005) think that vegetables and wet crop crop rotation improve the most economical effective approach of continuous cropping obstacle.Current strawberry carries out wheel as main mainly with " careless boiled water rice ", Liu Ying (2009), Li Shifeng (2010) etc. successively publish an article, report " strawberry---paddy rice " efficiency cultivation technology for high, the aquatic alternative paddy rice such as Ying shepherd's purse, arrowhead that He Sheng meter (2005) etc. utilizes breeding time longer carries out the rice field-upland field rotation in facilities vegetable base, and remarkable in economical benefits improves.But if carry out crop rotation with strawberry and paddy rice, paddy rice benefit is relatively low on the one hand, can affect facility strawberry Early Earth on the other hand, thus affect strawberry early yield, affect economic benefit further.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of strawberry water caltrop rice field-upland field rotation cultivation method.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that the cultivation method of continuous cropping obstacles is eliminated in a kind of strawberry water caltrop rice field-upland field rotation, and this cultivation method comprises following implementation step;
The first step: in conjunction with strawberry cultivars characteristic, carries out field planting to mid-September then by the end of August, realize strawberry from then by the end of December before and after gather, terminate at the beginning of 5 months next years; And remove strawberry in time, plough field and pat, form flat furrow, middle and surrounding builds the ridge, and the surrounding ridge is higher than flat furrow surface 30 cm;
Second step: next year early March start the Pregermination and seedling breeding of water caltrop, utilize the daylight warm type big shack of covered with plastic film, surrounding builds stalk, makes base manure with fertilizer, and upper water carries out ploughing patting, and is formed higher than the dark nursery pond in 0.3 ~ 0.4 meter, flat furrow surface; Shallow water water caltrop generally carried out field planting at after planting about 45 days, 2 ~ 3 young plants are bundled into a branch of for subsequent use, be transplanted to the strawberry plot put in order, with line-spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, equal hill spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, the strain of every cave 2 ~ 3 is transplanted, and is inserted into field planting in soil, then pours water to maintenance 10 ~ 25cm water level;
3rd step: water caltrop of gathering stalk, water caltrop are to early and middle ten days in August next year, and water caltrop applies fertilizer or the farmyard manure that ferments as base manure after gathering, plough ridging, prepare strawberry field planting and the production in the current year.
Further, field is ploughed and pats, form the flat furrow of " saying " shape.
Further, the nursery pond depth of water generally remains on 10 ~ 20cm, and the mode adopting full railway carriage or compartment to disseminate is sowed, every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 80 ~ 100 kilograms.
Further, the field planting method that this cultivation method adopts is:
Breeding is planted in choosing: should select flower bud differentiation early, cold-resistant, high yield, colory kind.Strawberry self-flowering fruiting power is strong, and one to two other pollinated varieties of arranging in pairs or groups, to improve output;
Fertilising bedding: after water caltrop is gathered and terminated, the high-quality farmyard manure 2000kg-3000kg become thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with plowed soils every mu, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer power (5: 5: 2.5) 30kg-40kg, superphosphate 40kg.Artificial or machine trench digging bedding after ploughing, furrow height 20cm-30cm, furrow face width 60cm-80cm, furrow furrow width 30cm-40cm;
Production seedling is selected: select to carry out the stolon seedling of well developed root system, the newly pumping then of stem rugosity more than 0.7 of breeding as current year's production seedling by virus-free healthy and strong plant as maternal plant;
Play transplantation of seedlings: Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry begins the phase, generally plays transplantation of seedlings to mid-September by the end of August; For promoting slow seedling, transplanting and being chosen at the cloudy day and carrying out, with rising with fortune with cultivation.Note ventilation and heat in transit, anti-extrusion, prevent tanning by the sun; Every ridge cultivation 2 row, according to the size of seedling, by every mu of 6000 strain to 8000 strain determination planting densities, spacing in the rows is 20cm; Make root system full extension when planting in planting pit, the depth of planting is watered the real rear seedling heart of depositing in water and is advisable a little more than soil table to banket; Notice that orientation is planted, bending convex surface facing furrow ditch side by rhizome portion; Water in time after transplanting, to promote that soil is heavy real, accelerate alive of strawberry; Be generally and sooner or later water little water 1-2 time 2-3 days every days after planting, change 2-3 days later into and water a water, furrow irrigation moisturizing, water does not go up furrow, naturally falls dry, to keep the humidity of soil.
Further, the field management method that this cultivation method adopts is:
Plastic mulching: select unregistered land film or black and white two facial mask, according to plant growth condition and temperature, determine the plastic film mulch time, generally about 20 days October, after plastic film mulch, rupture of membranes carries seedling immediately; Before starting insulation, mulch film two ends are fixed on the shoulder of railway carriage or compartment; After insulation starts, put down mulch film, cover railway carriage or compartment ditch, full garden covers;
Topdress: before spreading, every mu imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8kg, and N-P-K content ratio is 15: 10: 15; First fruit expanding period with gather the initial stage, and each batch of fruit expanding period is topdressed respectively later, every mu of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 10kg; Except top dressing, should fertilizer applicator being adopted, applying in conjunction with pouring water;
Water management: under employing mulch film, slight irrigation or filling form carry out moisturizing; Pour water once every 7d-10d after usual plastic mulching, irrigate with 0.75kw water pump for every mu, pour water 1h-2h at every turn, and morning next day observes strawberry leaf margin water droplet phenomenon;
Temperature treatment: start the insulation of lid canopy film during mean temperature of air about 16 DEG C, is generally at the beginning of late October to 11 month; Cover with hut or middle canopy in time when ambient temperature is about to drop to 0 DEG C and carry out Double insulating; When temperature reduces further, then on hut, cover other insulation materials, as straw screen or mat, non-woven fabrics; When temperature of shed exceedes temperature required, canopy film should be started in time aeration-cooling;
Facility plastic greenhouse humidity controls: regulate humidity in facility by taking off membrane cover film; At the insulation initial stage, canopy humidity controls at 85%-90%; In flowering stage, canopy humidity controls to be advisable about 40%; Fruit and maturing stage, humidity can be controlled in 60%-70%;
Plant and flower and fruit management: extract dead leaf, Lao Ye, stolon and shortening stem paraclade in time; 5-6d puts into honeybee before flowering, puts a beehive be advisable with 0.5 mu of ground; Must guard against spray medicine during putting honeybee, need before spray medicine, beehive be moved on to outside canopy, within one week, again beehive be moved in canopy after spray medicine; The whole florescence all can carry out flower thinning, and fruit thinning should start expanding stage at young fruit and carry out, and removes senior flower and senior fruit in time, should dredge malformed fruit and sick wormed fruit during growth result;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: according to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", to kill pathogen, worm is former attaches most importance to, and based on cultural control, chemical control is the auxiliary control carrying out strawberry damage by disease and insect; Diseases of Strawberry mainly contains: virus disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold, snake eye disease, zonate spot, verticillium wilt; Insect pest mainly contains: tetranychid, chafer, aphid, prodenia litura; When using Agro-chemicals control, using method and the safety interval of medicament should be noted;
Strawberry is gathered: determine different harvest maturity according to difference in season, in December to mid-February, be advisable, gather in 3 to April with medium well with ninety percent ripe gathering; May gathers with medium well; Fruit maturity is determined according to fruit face colouring degree, fruit face colouring is respectively seven when reaching 70%, 80%, 90%, eight, ninety percent ripe.
Further, ensure that temperature of shed is not less than 5 DEG C, the concrete thermal requirements of each growth period is as follows: the insulation initial stage: daytime 28 DEG C-30 DEG C, night 12 DEG C-15 DEG C; During aobvious flower bud: daytime 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C, flowering stage: daytime 23 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 8 DEG C-10 DEG C; Fruit and maturing stage: daytime 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 6 DEG C-8 DEG C.
The invention discloses a kind of strawberry water caltrop rice field-upland field rotation cultivation method, not only can delay or eliminate due to facility strawberry plot plant soil acidification that strawberry causes year after year, salinization, nutrient imbalance, soil pass the continuous cropping obstacles such as damage by disease and insect is serious, and improve land utilization rate, economic benefit increases.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cultivation method flow chart of the strawberry water caltrop rice field-upland field rotation elimination continuous cropping obstacles that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The first step: in conjunction with strawberry cultivars characteristic, field planting is carried out by the end of August then to mid-September, flower and fruit management, rich water regulation and control, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc. are carried out according to facility strawberry forcing culture basic demand, realize strawberry from then by the end of December before and after gather, terminate at the beginning of 5 months next years, and remove strawberry in time, field is ploughed and pats, form the flat furrow of " saying " shape, middle and surrounding builds the ridge, and the surrounding ridge is higher than flat furrow surface 30 cm.
Second step: next year early March start Pregermination and seedling breeding, utilize the daylight warm type big shack of covered with plastic film, surrounding builds stalk, makes base manure with fertilizer, and upper water carries out ploughing patting, and is formed higher than the dark nursery pond in 0.3 ~ 0.4 meter, flat furrow surface.The nursery pond depth of water generally remains on 10 ~ 20cm, and the mode adopting full railway carriage or compartment to disseminate is sowed, every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 80 ~ 100 kilograms.Shallow water water caltrop generally carried out field planting at after planting about 45 days, was bundled into by 2 ~ 3 young plants a branch of for subsequent use, was transplanted to the strawberry plot put in order, and with line-spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, equal hill spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, the strain of every cave 2 ~ 3 is transplanted, and is inserted into field planting in soil.Then pour water to maintenance 10 ~ 25cm water level;
3rd step: water caltrop of gathering stalk, water caltrop are to early and middle ten days in August next year, and water caltrop applies fertilizer or the farmyard manure that ferments as base manure after gathering, plough ridging, prepare strawberry field planting and the production in the current year.
Embodiment of the present invention specific embodiments is as follows:
(1) field planting
1, breeding is planted in choosing
Should select flower bud differentiation early, cold-resistant, high yield, colory kind.Strawberry self-flowering fruiting power is strong, and one to two other pollinated varieties of arranging in pairs or groups, to improve output.
2, fertilising bedding
After water caltrop is gathered and is terminated, the high-quality farmyard manure 2000kg-3000kg become thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with plowed soils every mu, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer power (5: 5: 2.5) 30kg-40kg, superphosphate 40kg.Artificial or machine trench digging bedding after ploughing, furrow height 20cm-30cm, furrow face width 60cm-80cm, furrow furrow width 30cm-40cm.
3, produce seedling to select
Select to carry out the stolon seedling of well developed root system, the newly pumping then of stem rugosity more than 0.7 of breeding as current year's production seedling by virus-free healthy and strong plant as maternal plant.
4, transplantation of seedlings is played
Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry phase beginning (generally by the end of August to mid-September) plays transplantation of seedlings.For promoting slow seedling, transplanting and being chosen at the cloudy day and carrying out, with rising with fortune with cultivation.Note ventilation and heat in transit, anti-extrusion, prevent tanning by the sun.
Every ridge cultivation 2 row, according to the size of seedling, by every mu of 6000 strain to 8000 strain determination planting densities, spacing in the rows is 20cm.Make root system full extension when planting in planting pit, the depth of planting is watered the real rear seedling heart of depositing in water and is advisable a little more than soil table to banket.Notice that orientation is planted, bending convex surface facing furrow ditch side by rhizome portion.
Water in time after transplanting, to promote that soil is heavy real, accelerate alive of strawberry.Be generally and sooner or later water little water 1-2 time 2-3 days every days after planting, change 2-3 days later into and water a water, furrow irrigation moisturizing, water does not go up furrow, naturally falls dry, to keep the humidity of soil.
(2) field management
1, plastic mulching
Select unregistered land film or black and white two facial mask, according to plant growth condition and temperature, determine the plastic film mulch time, generally about 20 days October, after plastic film mulch, rupture of membranes carries seedling immediately; Before starting insulation, mulch film two ends are fixed on the shoulder of railway carriage or compartment; After insulation starts, put down mulch film, cover railway carriage or compartment ditch, full garden covers.
2, topdress
Before spreading, every mu imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15: 10: 15) 8kg; First fruit expanding period with gather the initial stage, and each batch of fruit expanding period is topdressed respectively later, every mu of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer (15: 10: 15) 10kg.Except top dressing, should fertilizer applicator being adopted, applying in conjunction with pouring water.
3, water management
Under employing mulch film, slight irrigation or filling form carry out moisturizing.Pour water once every 7d-10d after usual plastic mulching, irrigate with 0.75kw water pump for every mu, pour water 1h-2h at every turn, and morning next day observes strawberry leaf margin water droplet phenomenon.
4, temperature treatment
Start the insulation of lid canopy film during mean temperature of air about 16 DEG C, be generally at the beginning of late October to 11 month.Cover with hut or middle canopy in time when ambient temperature is about to drop to 0 DEG C and carry out Double insulating.When temperature reduces further, then on hut, cover other insulation materials, as straw screen or mat, non-woven fabrics.When temperature of shed exceedes temperature required, canopy film should be started in time aeration-cooling.
Ensure that temperature of shed is not less than 5 DEG C, the concrete thermal requirements of each growth period is as follows as far as possible: the insulation initial stage: daytime 28 DEG C-30 DEG C, night 12 DEG C-15 DEG C; During aobvious flower bud: daytime 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C, flowering stage: daytime 23 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 8 DEG C-10 DEG C; Fruit and maturing stage: daytime 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 6 DEG C-8 DEG C.
5, facility plastic greenhouse humidity controls
Humidity in facility is regulated by taking off membrane cover film.At the insulation initial stage, canopy humidity controls at 85%-90%; In flowering stage, canopy humidity controls to be advisable about 40%; Fruit and maturing stage, humidity can be controlled in 60%-70%.
6, plant and flower and fruit management
Timely excision dead leaf, Lao Ye, stolon and shortening stem paraclade.5-6d puts into honeybee before flowering, puts a beehive be advisable with 0.5 mu of ground.Must guard against spray medicine during putting honeybee, need before spray medicine, beehive be moved on to outside canopy, within one week, again beehive be moved in canopy after spray medicine.The whole florescence all can carry out flower thinning, and fruit thinning should start expanding stage at young fruit and carry out, and removes senior flower and senior fruit in time, should dredge malformed fruit and sick wormed fruit during growth result.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest
According to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", to kill pathogen, worm is former attaches most importance to, and based on cultural control, chemical control is the auxiliary control carrying out strawberry damage by disease and insect.Diseases of Strawberry mainly contains: virus disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold, snake eye disease, zonate spot, verticillium wilt; Insect pest mainly contains: tetranychid, chafer, aphid, prodenia litura.When using Agro-chemicals control, using method and the safety interval of medicament should be noted.
8, strawberry is gathered
Determine different harvest maturity according to difference in season, in December to mid-February, be advisable with ninety percent ripe gathering, gather with medium well in 3 to April; May gathers with medium well.Fruit maturity is determined according to fruit face colouring degree, fruit face colouring is respectively seven when reaching 70%, 80%, 90%, eight, ninety percent ripe.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a cultivation method for continuous cropping obstacles is eliminated in the rice field-upland field rotation of strawberry water caltrop, and it is characterized in that, this cultivation method comprises following implementation step;
The first step: in conjunction with strawberry cultivars characteristic, carries out field planting to mid-September then by the end of August, realize strawberry from then by the end of December before and after gather, terminate at the beginning of 5 months next years; And remove strawberry in time, plough field and pat, form the flat furrow of " saying " shape, middle and surrounding builds the ridge, and the surrounding ridge is higher than flat 30 centimetres, furrow surface; Second step: next year early March start the Pregermination and seedling breeding of water caltrop, utilize the daylight warm type big shack of covered with plastic film, surrounding builds stalk, makes base manure with fertilizer, and upper water carries out ploughing patting, and is formed higher than the dark nursery pond in 0.3 ~ 0.4 meter, flat furrow surface; The nursery pond depth of water remains on 10 ~ 20cm, the mode adopting full railway carriage or compartment to disseminate is sowed, every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 80 ~ 100 kilograms, shallow water water caltrop carried out field planting at after planting 45 days, was bundled into by 2 ~ 3 young plants a branch of for subsequent use, be transplanted to the strawberry plot put in order, with line-spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, equal hill spacing 0.6 ~ 0.8 meter, the strain of every cave 2 ~ 3 is transplanted, be inserted into field planting in soil, then pour water to maintenance 10 ~ 25cm water level; 3rd step: water caltrop of gathering stalk, water caltrop are to early and middle ten days in August next year, and water caltrop applies fertilizer as base manure after gathering, and ploughs ridging, prepares strawberry field planting and the production in the current year;
The field planting method that this cultivation method adopts is: breeding is planted in choosing, should select flower bud differentiation early, cold-resistant, high yield, colory kind, strawberry self-flowering fruiting power is strong, and one to two other pollinated varieties of also arranging in pairs or groups, to improve output; Fertilising bedding: after water caltrop gathers end, in conjunction with high-quality farmyard manure 2000kg-3000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg-40kg that plowed soils every mu becomes thoroughly decomposed, the ratio of N P and K three is 5: 5: 2.5, superphosphate 40kg, artificial or machine trench digging bedding after ploughing, furrow height 20cm-30cm, furrow face width 60cm-80cm, furrow furrow width 30cm-40cm;
Production seedling is selected: select to carry out the stolon seedling of well developed root system, the newly pumping then of stem rugosity more than 0.7 of breeding as current year's production seedling by virus-free healthy and strong plant as maternal plant;
Play transplantation of seedlings: Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry begins the phase, plays transplantation of seedlings by the end of August to mid-September; For promoting slow seedling, transplanting and being chosen at the cloudy day and carrying out, with rising with fortune with cultivation, noting ventilation and heat in transit, anti-extrusion, anti-ly to tan by the sun; Every ridge cultivation 2 row, according to the size of seedling, by every mu of 6000 strain to 8000 strain determination planting densities, spacing in the rows is 20cm; Make root system full extension when planting in planting pit, the depth of planting is watered the real rear seedling heart of depositing in water and is advisable a little more than soil table to banket; Notice that orientation is planted, bending convex surface facing furrow ditch side by rhizome portion; Water in time after transplanting, to promote that soil is heavy real, accelerate alive of strawberry; Sooner or later watering little water 1-2 time for planting rear 2-3 days every days, changing 2-3 days later into and watering a water, furrow irrigation moisturizing, water does not go up furrow, naturally falls dry, to keep the humidity of soil;
The field management method that this cultivation method adopts is:
Plastic mulching: select unregistered land film or black and white two facial mask, according to plant growth condition and temperature, determine the plastic film mulch time, October 20, after plastic film mulch, rupture of membranes carried seedling immediately; Before starting insulation, mulch film two ends are fixed on the shoulder of railway carriage or compartment; After insulation starts, put down mulch film, cover railway carriage or compartment ditch, full garden covers;
Topdress: before spreading, every mu imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8kg, and N-P-K content ratio is 15: 10: 15; First fruit expanding period with gather the initial stage, and each batch of fruit expanding period is topdressed respectively later, every mu of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 10kg; Except top dressing, should fertilizer applicator being adopted, applying in conjunction with pouring water;
Water management: under adopting mulch film, slight irrigation form carries out moisturizing; Pour water once every 7d-10d after plastic mulching, irrigate with 0.75kw water pump for every mu, pour water 1h-2h at every turn, and morning next day observes strawberry leaf margin water droplet phenomenon; Temperature treatment: start the insulation of lid canopy film during mean temperature of air 16 DEG C, at the beginning of late October to 11 month; Cover with hut or middle canopy in time when ambient temperature is about to drop to 0 DEG C and carry out Double insulating; When temperature reduces further, then on hut, cover straw screen or mat, non-woven fabrics; When temperature of shed exceedes temperature required, canopy film should be started in time aeration-cooling;
Facility plastic greenhouse humidity controls: regulate humidity in facility by taking off membrane cover film; At the insulation initial stage, canopy humidity controls at 85%-90%; In flowering stage, canopy humidity controls to be advisable 40%; Fruit and maturing stage, humid control is at 60%-70%; Ensure that temperature of shed is not less than 5 DEG C, the concrete thermal requirements of each growth period is as follows: the insulation initial stage: daytime 28 DEG C-30 DEG C, night 12 DEG C-15 DEG C; During aobvious flower bud: daytime 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C, flowering stage: daytime 23 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 8 DEG C-10 DEG C; Fruit and maturing stage: daytime 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, night 6 DEG C-8 DEG C;
Plant and flower and fruit management: extract dead leaf, Lao Ye, stolon and shortening stem paraclade in time; 5-6d puts into honeybee before flowering, puts a beehive be advisable with 0.5 mu of ground; Must guard against spray medicine during putting honeybee, need before spray medicine, beehive be moved on to outside canopy, within one week, again beehive be moved in canopy after spray medicine; The whole florescence all carries out flower thinning, and fruit thinning should start expanding stage at young fruit and carry out, and removes senior flower and senior fruit in time, should dredge malformed fruit and sick wormed fruit during growth result;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: according to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", to kill pathogen, worm is former attaches most importance to, and based on cultural control, chemical control is the auxiliary control carrying out strawberry damage by disease and insect; Diseases of Strawberry mainly contains: virus disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold, snake eye disease, zonate spot, verticillium wilt; Insect pest mainly contains: tetranychid, chafer, aphid, prodenia litura; When using Agro-chemicals control, using method and the safety interval of medicament should be noted;
Strawberry is gathered: determine different harvest maturity according to difference in season, in December to mid-February, be advisable, gather in 3 to April with medium well with ninety percent ripe gathering; May gathers with medium well; Fruit maturity is determined according to fruit face colouring degree, fruit face colouring is respectively seven when reaching 70%, 80%, 90%, eight, ninety percent ripe.
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CN105917945A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 杨建冬 | Method for planting strawberries in greenhouse |
CN107047019A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 陈育财 | A kind of introduction and cultivation method of New Strawberry Variety |
CN109089781A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-28 | 阜阳市殿兴农业科技有限公司 | A kind of strawberry water-saving irrigation cultural method |
CN111742796A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-10-09 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for improving soil by rotation of leafy vegetables and aquatic vegetables in paddy field and dry field and detection method thereof |
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CN102283007B (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-08-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | " strawberry-swamp cabbage " rice field-upland field rotation cultivation method |
CN102550276A (en) * | 2012-03-17 | 2012-07-11 | 常熟市尚湖农业生态园有限公司 | Method for interplanting strawberry with tomato and cabbage |
CN102523902A (en) * | 2012-03-17 | 2012-07-04 | 常熟市尚湖农业生态园有限公司 | High yield cultivation method for interplanting strawberries and melons |
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