CN103798040A - Efficient cultivation method of plateau section aconitum vilmorimianum kom - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the cultivation technology of plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to an efficient cultivation method of plateau section traditional Chinese medicinal material aconitum vilmorimianum kom. The cultivation method includes the eight key technological links of seedling selection, cultivation field selection, cultivation field preparation, seeding, soil moisture tidying and heat and moisture preservation, field management, pest control and harvesting and primary processing. Technological means suitable for high cold mountain area large-scale cultivation are adopted for the key links. The efficient cultivation method is easy to operate and master, easy and convenient to use, practical and easy to popularize, wild induction and domestication large-scale cultivation of the aconitum vilmorimianum kom in the high cold mountain area is effectively achieved, the cultivation period is shortened, the yield is improved, and the quality is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the planting technology of agricultural economy crop, relate to the efficient cultivation method of the yellow radix aconiti agrestis of a kind of traditional Chinese medicine.
Technical background
Yellow radix aconiti agrestis (
aconitum vilmorimianumkom.) be Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae) aconitum plant, all have distribution in Central Yunnan, Yunnan, be accredited as yellow radix aconiti agrestis through Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.The suitable ambient growth at height above sea level 2100~2500m of yellow radix aconiti agrestis, is the conventional traditional herbal medicine of one in Yunnan, and the various diseases of human body is had to obvious control efficiency.In yellow radix aconiti agrestis piece root, contain 2 kinds of crystallization alkaloids: vilmorrianine A, vilmorrianine B and some Alkaloids, its pharmacological action mainly contains the effects such as analgesia, calmness, local anaesthesia, anti-inflammatory, is one of primary raw material of the multiple Chinese patent drug such as Yunnan famous " cure-all ", " brave power is loose " and " Sanwu glue ".For a long time, yellow radix aconiti agrestis medication is excavated as main take wild always, and its wild resource is endangered, and serious threat is to the sustainable development of the medical industry take yellow radix aconiti agrestis as raw material.
In recent years, people start the method for the yellow radix aconiti agrestis of testing artificial planting, but because provenance mixes, planting environment difference is large, gather processing not, the reason such as technology is unreasonable, the yellow radix aconiti agrestis product quality of artificial planting is uneven, has a strong impact on the drug safety of yellow radix aconiti agrestis product.
Summary of the invention
The efficient cultivation method that the object of this invention is to provide the yellow radix aconiti agrestis in a kind of highlands, its cultivation method normative and reasonable, can improve output, guarantees quality, and quality raw materials are provided, and realizes increasing peasant income and enterprise's synergy.
technology contents
The present invention includes yellow radix aconiti agrestis seedling selection, planting site selection, planting site preparation, sowing, reason moisture in the soil and heat and moisture preserving, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and gather and eight key techniques of preliminary working, concrete operations are as follows.
1. seedling select: be chosen in height above sea level 2100~2500m through domestication bud intact, rhizome is sturdy, without branch, without seed seedling and the piece offspring of scab, pityriasis simplex and mechanical damage;
2. planting site is selected: select height above sea level 2100~2900m sunny, nice and cool moistening, the soil is porous, and fertile red soil, sandy loam and grey soup soil is plantation plot;
3. planting site is prepared: soil deeptillage 20~30cm, tans by the sun after 3~5 days broken; By every mu of 2500~3500kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 100 kilograms of normal superphosphate uniforms of application; The dark seed furrow of excavation 15cm;
4. sowing: select sow mid or late November to mid-December, type of seeding be along two-sided seeding inside seed furrow, intersecting misplaces puts kind, requires bud head-up, the 45 ° of placements of tilting, thickness of earth covering 5~8cm;
5. manage moisture in the soil and heat and moisture preserving: when having planted after 4 row, managed moisture in the soil face, again set up another a moisture in the soil; Adopt mulch film, dry branches and fallen leaves, humus soil, straw or sharp knife grass to cover;
6. field management: checked once every 5 days, when bud head has shrivelled phenomenon if find, need water; Before lunar calendar August 15, keep ground without weeds; When seedling has 6~8 leaves, impose for the first time stable dung water or urea as seed manure; Within first 20 days, execute root manure, every mu of sealing fertilizer 33~35kg, potash fertilizer 10~15kg at plant blossom; Every moisture in the soil built two row are carried out ditch cleaning ridging before rainwater arrives; When the existing bud of plant, start pinching every strain and stay 25~30, leaf, pinching 15~20cm, axil grows axillalry bud, should extract at any time;
7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: (a) southern blight their early stage is pulled out diseased plant, with 5% milk of lime or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% carbendazim; (b), before leaf spot their early stage and onset peak period, spray 400 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, when serious, spray 500~1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 70% holds in the palm not 800 times, Tianjin liquid, 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 2~3 times; (c), while sending out downy mildew, clean rural area, processes invalid strain, reduces bacterium source; Premorbid or their early stage spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet, or 500~800 times of liquid of sprinkling 75% tpn wetting powder, or 800 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, or 400 times of liquid of Cal-cop 10, or with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, or 1000 times of liquid sprinklings of 5% carbendazim, every 7~10 days alternatively administereds once; The popular phase of disease is with 1: 1: 200~300 bordeaux mixture or with 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% zineb; (d) powdery mildew premorbid, prevents with bordeaux mixture; Their early stage is extractd disease leaf, removes invalid branch and fallen leaves after results, concentrates and burns; After morbidity, with the thiophanate methyl of 25% triadimefon and 50%, spray control by 1:500 and 800 times of liquid; (e) root rot discovery diseased plant should be grubbed out pool removing immediately; 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin for period of disease, pouring diseased plant root; Their early stage sprays 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, or adopts 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% fenaminosulf; (f) borer is sprayed to plant with 1000~1500 times of liquid of 90% crystallization chlorophos, and be added with 60g alkali face in every 50kg liquid; Or spray 1000~1500 times of liquid of 50% ddvp emulsion;
8. gather and preliminary working: gather annual 1 to 15 October, dig out complete stool with tooth harrow, shrug off silt, remove fibrous root, classification is placed; Get clean yellow radix aconiti agrestis, boiling water boiling, to the saturating heart, is removed crust, is cut into 2~5mm thin slice, dries or dries.
Concrete grammar of the present invention also comprises: the planting site of 1. selecting should be carried out more than 3 years rotation system, and front stubble to be to be advisable with potato, buckwheat and rape, and earth's surface weeds should be eliminated before plantation, or burns; 2. every mu of seeding quantity 110~130kg, being greater than 10 degree hillside fields sowing seeding row spacings is 55cm × 10cm, is less than 10 degree level land sowing seeding row spacing 35cm × 15cm; 3. the concrete grammar that imposes for the first time seed manure is: convert 8~10kg liquid dung or convert urea 0.8kg and use with 50kg water, root manure is first driven side of a pond plane with hoe, fertilizer is applied in the pool, then cover earth; 4. the pinching and bud picking of plant will be carried out 2 times.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: advanced technology maturation; grasp easy to operate; wild introduction and acclimatization becomes large-scale planting in high and cold mountain area to efficiently solve yellow radix aconiti agrestis, simple and practical, easily promotes; can improve output; guarantee quality, yellow radix aconiti agrestis per mu yield reaches 607 kilograms, and per mu yield value reaches 7284 yuan; 6004 yuan of incomes per mu, economic and social benefits are very remarkable.
Embodiment
1 provenance is selected:be chosen in height above sea level 2100~2500m through domestication bud intact, rhizome is sturdy, without branch, without seed seedling and the piece offspring of scab, pityriasis simplex and mechanical damage
2 seedlings are selected:select bud intact, rhizome is sturdy, without branch, without scab, pityriasis simplex and mechanical damage, rhizome length, rugosity and individual plant heavily meet the seedling of seed seedling and piece offspring quality standard and plant.
3 plot are selected:yellow radix aconiti agrestis is root crop, and comparatively strict, sunny, nice and cool moistening to soil function requirement, it is fertile that the soil is porous, and water source is convenient, can arrange and can fill with, and red soil, sandy loam and grey soup soil neutral and acid reaction are the most suitable.But yellow radix aconiti agrestis be must guard against continuous cropping, previous crops is preferably advisable with potato, buckwheat and rape, efficent rotation, otherwise easily produces disease, affects output, and even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.
Height above sea level 2100~2500m, height above sea level is too low, and breeding time is short, and amount of growth is little, affects income; Height above sea level is too high, and temperature is low, and nutrient accumulation is affected.
4 readjustments of field plot
4.1 weeds cleanings: manually earth's surface weeds are eliminated, have ready conditions and can burn.
4.2 real tillages: soil deeptillage 20~30cm, weed a garden and grass roots, tan by the sun broken upturned soil after a few days, make soil fully even and fine, loose.
4.3 trench diggings, fertilising: carry out different pattern plantations by hillside fields, level land.
4.3.1
hillside fields plantation (gradient is greater than 10 degree).
4.3.1.1 unwrapping wire fixed point: rule with normal superphosphate (pulvis), consumption is 40 kgs/acre, near the mountain along ground, can not be along contour unwrapping wire.Specification is (15cm × 40cm), fertilising furrow width 40cm, the normal superphosphate 60kg/ even seed furrow that imposes on per mu.
4.3.1.2 excavate dressing furrow: specification: 35cm × 20cm(is dark), trapezoid-shaped trench wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.
4.3.1.3 apply farmyard manure: every mu of farmyard manure 2500~3500kg that executes to become thoroughly decomposed, is evenly sprinkled in ditch.
4.3.1.4 excavate seed furrow: when excavation seed furrow, base fertilizer is built.Specification: 15cm(ditch is suitable for reading wide) × 15cm.
4.3.1.5 sowing: the best sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season is " the Beginning of Winter ", " slight snow " climate and other natural phenomena of a season, higher to sow output mid or late November to mid-December.Every mu of seeding quantity 120kg, sowing seeding row spacing is 55cm × 10cm.Type of seeding is along two-sided seeding inside seed furrow, and kind is put in the dislocation that intersects, and requires bud head-up, the 45 ° of placements of tilting, thickness of earth covering 5~8cm.
4.3.2
level land plantation (the arable land gradient is less than 10 degree).
4.3.2.1 fertilising: the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and normal superphosphate are laid on to ground uniformly.Farmyard manure, normal superphosphate consumption are respectively every mu of 2500~3500kg, 100 kilograms.
4.3.2.2 for the second time wholely: once turn over, the degree of depth is 20~30cm, smooth plot.
4.3.2.3 excavate seed furrow: start to dig seed furrow from the edge on ground, dark 15cm.In the time that Article 1 seed furrow excavation finishes, sow, when excavation Article 2 seed furrow, build the seedling of the first ditch.
4.3.2.4 sowing: sowing time take " the Beginning of Winter ", " slight snow " climate and other natural phenomena of a season are as best.Best seeding quantity is 120kg/ mu.Sowing seeding row spacing 35cm × 15cm.Seedling bud head-up, the 45 ° of placements of tilting.
5 reason moisture in the soils:when having planted after 4 row, manage moisture in the soil face, from newly setting up another a moisture in the soil, seedling cover soil thickness 5~8cm.
6 heat and moisture preserving processing.6.1 purpose and meaning: reduce soil moisture volatilization, keep soil humidity, improve soil temperature, hestening rooting.
6.2 heat and moisture preserving materials: mulch film, dry branches and fallen leaves, humus soil, straw, sharp knife grass etc.
7 field management.
7.1 water in good time: checked once every 5 days, when bud head has shrivelled phenomenon if find, need water.But be noted that water can not infiltrating irrigation, otherwise can affect output.
7.2 in good time weedings: before lunar calendar August 15, keep ground without weeds.
7.3 topdress in good time: 7.3.1 seed manure: when seedling has 6~8 leaves, impose for the first time stable dung water or urea.Concrete grammar is: convert 8~10kg liquid dung or convert urea 0.8kg and use with 50kg water.For impelling cauline leaf Fast Growth, require concentration rare, it is large that amount of application is wanted, can also drought resisting when fertilising.
7.3.2 root manure: carry out for first 20 days at plant blossom, now rhizome has entered the critical period that growth is expanded, every mu of sealing fertilizer 33~35kg, potash fertilizer 10~15kg.Concrete grammar is: first with hoe, side of a pond plane is opened, chemical fertilizer is applied in the pool, then cover earth, reduce fertilizer efficiency loss, increase operation rate.
7.3.3 built: built material adopts diameter 2-3cm, the bamboo pole of long 1.8-2.0m or rod.Bar is apart from 40cm, every moisture in the soil two row.
7.3.4 ditch cleaning ridging: yellow radix aconiti agrestis is afraid of waterlogging is carried out ditch cleaning ridging work before rainwater arrives.
7.3.5 bind and prune: reserve seed for planting son except needs, in order to suppress the excessive growth of yellow radix aconiti agrestis acrial part, allow nutrient concentrate on underground root development and expand, consistently practise is bound and pruned to improve output.Concrete grammar is: when the existing bud of plant, starts pinching every strain and stays 25~30, leaf, and pinching 15~20cm, axil grows axillalry bud, should extract at any time.Generally to carry out 2 pinching and bud picking, in order to avoid affect growing of piece root.Should accomplish in a word to spend without crow, strain is without axillalry bud.
8 extermination of disease and insect pest:the artificial cultivation of yellow radix aconiti agrestis, key performs the control of " five sick worms ".
8.1 southern blight
8.1.1 Disease Characters: radical leaves flavescence when morbidity, piece root rots gradually, is the water stain shape scab of brown.After increase the weight of gradually to rot, grow one deck white hypha above, and have black sclerotium, last acrial part lodging, complete stool death.Frowziness after piece root rot.
8.1.2 prevent and treat method: their early stage is pulled out diseased plant, with 5% milk of lime or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% carbendazim, in case spread.
8.2 leaf spot
8.2.1 Disease Characters: be multiplely born in for 3~August, late April is onset peak period.When morbidity first from radical leaves, after spread gradually to complete stool.On initial stage blade, there is pinhead-sized pitchy point, after be expanded into circular scab, on later stage scab, produce black point, this is the conidium of germ, the last shrivelled death of complete stool.
8.2.2 prevent and treat method: before their early stage and onset peak period, spray 400 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture.When serious, spray 500~1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 70% holds in the palm not 800 times, Tianjin liquid, 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 2~3 times.
8.3 downy mildew
8.3.1 Disease Characters: seedling stage, harm was comparatively general, when plant morbidity, vacuum side of blade produces one deck white powder.Initial stage be white, after become grey black, cause blade withered and yellow and dead.Generally be common in when late fall, how wet low temperature rainy,, morbidity rapidly and serious, causes plant death.
8.3.2 prevent and treat method: clean rural area, process invalid strain, reduce bacterium source.Premorbid or their early stage spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet.Or 500~800 times of liquid of sprinkling 75% tpn wetting powder, or 800 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, or Cal-cop 10 400 times of liquid (copper sulphate and ammonium carbonates 1: 5.5, grind mix after the 0.5kg 2000kg that adds water), or with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, or 1000 times of liquid of 5% carbendazim spray.Every 7~10 days alternatively administereds once.The popular phase of disease was with 1: 1: the bordeaux mixture of (200~300) or with the spraying of 600 times of liquid of 65% zineb.
8.4 powdery mildew
8.4.1 Disease Characters: when plant leaf is injured, circular white velvet-like scab appears in the initial stage, blade is covered with one deck and resembles the bisque of fine flour shape.The high-temperature drying of being everlasting season or nitrogen fertilizer application are excessive, and plant is overstocked, and the bad environment of ventilation and penetrating light occurs.
8.4.2 prevent and treat method: premorbid, prevents with bordeaux mixture; Their early stage is extractd disease leaf, removes invalid branch and fallen leaves after results, concentrates and burns; After morbidity, with thiophanate methyl of 25% triadimefon and 50% etc., spray control by 1:500 and 800 times of liquid.
8.5 root rot
8.5.1 Disease Characters: fibrous root propped up root rot before this, progressively infects main root, causes complete stool death.
8.5.2 prevent and treat method: discovery diseased plant should be grubbed out immediately the pool and be removed.800~1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin for period of disease, pouring diseased plant root.Their early stage sprays 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, or adopts 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% fenaminosulf.
8.6 borer
8.6.1 endanger feature: the stem stalk of causing harm.Larva just hatching soon, just climbs downwards along stem, eats in marrow to blade place, and disorganize, cuts off the conveying of nutrient and water, and here and extremely plant is withered gradually.
8.6.2 prevent and treat method: spray plant with 1000~1500 times of liquid of 90% crystallization chlorophos, in 50kg liquid, add 60g alkali face.Or spray 1000~1500 times of liquid of 50% ddvp emulsion.
gathering and preliminary working of 9 yellow radix aconiti agrestis.
9.1 yellow radix aconiti agrestis collecting times: on October 1 to 15, excavate when overground part is withered.
Collecting method: dig out complete stool with four tooth harrows, shrug off silt, remove fibrous root, classification is placed, and prepares processing.
9.2 preliminary working methods: get clean yellow radix aconiti agrestis, boiling water boiling, to the saturating heart, is removed crust, is cut into 2-5mm thin slice, dries or dries.
Claims (2)
1. the efficient cultivation method of the yellow radix aconiti agrestis in highlands, its feature comprises:
1. seedling select: be chosen in height above sea level 2100~2500m through domestication bud intact, rhizome is sturdy, without branch, without seed seedling and the piece offspring of scab, pityriasis simplex and mechanical damage;
2. planting site is selected: select height above sea level 2100~2900m sunny, nice and cool moistening, the soil is porous, and fertile red soil, sandy loam and grey soup soil is plantation plot;
3. planting site is prepared: soil deeptillage 20~30cm, tans by the sun after 3~5 days broken; By every mu of 2500~3500kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 100 kilograms of normal superphosphate uniforms of application; The dark seed furrow of excavation 15cm;
4. sowing: select sow mid or late November to mid-December, type of seeding be along two-sided seeding inside seed furrow, intersecting misplaces puts kind, requires bud head-up, the 45 ° of placements of tilting, thickness of earth covering 5~8cm;
5. manage moisture in the soil and heat and moisture preserving: when having planted after 4 row, managed moisture in the soil face, again set up another a moisture in the soil; Adopt mulch film, dry branches and fallen leaves, humus soil, straw or sharp knife grass to cover;
6. field management: checked once every 5 days, when bud head has shrivelled phenomenon if find, need water; Before lunar calendar August 15, keep ground without weeds; When seedling has 6~8 leaves, impose for the first time stable dung water or urea as seed manure; Within first 20 days, execute root manure, every mu of sealing fertilizer 33~35kg, potash fertilizer 10~15kg at plant blossom; Every moisture in the soil built two row are carried out ditch cleaning ridging before rainwater arrives; When the existing bud of plant, start pinching every strain and stay 25~30, leaf, pinching 15~20cm, axil grows axillalry bud, should extract at any time;
7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: (a) southern blight their early stage is pulled out diseased plant, with 5% milk of lime or 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% carbendazim; (b), before leaf spot their early stage and onset peak period, spray 400 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, when serious, spray 500~1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 70% holds in the palm not 800 times, Tianjin liquid, 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 2~3 times; (c), while sending out downy mildew, clean rural area, processes invalid strain, reduces bacterium source; Premorbid or their early stage spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet, or 500~800 times of liquid of sprinkling 75% tpn wetting powder, or 800 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, or 400 times of liquid of Cal-cop 10, or with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, or 1000 times of liquid sprinklings of 5% carbendazim, every 7~10 days alternatively administereds once; The popular phase of disease is with 1: 1: 200~300 bordeaux mixture or with 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% zineb; (d) powdery mildew premorbid, prevents with bordeaux mixture; Their early stage is extractd disease leaf, removes invalid branch and fallen leaves after results, concentrates and burns; After morbidity, with the thiophanate methyl of 25% triadimefon and 50%, spray control by 1:500 and 800 times of liquid; (e) root rot discovery diseased plant should be grubbed out pool removing immediately; 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin for period of disease, pouring diseased plant root; Their early stage sprays 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, or adopts 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% fenaminosulf; (f) borer is sprayed to plant with 1000~1500 times of liquid of 90% crystallization chlorophos, and be added with 60g alkali face in every 50kg liquid; Or spray 1000~1500 times of liquid of 50% ddvp emulsion;
8. gather and preliminary working: gather annual 1 to 15 October, dig out complete stool with tooth harrow, shrug off silt, remove fibrous root, classification is placed; Get clean yellow radix aconiti agrestis, boiling water boiling, to the saturating heart, is removed crust, is cut into 2~5mm thin slice, dries or dries.
2. by the efficient cultivation method of the yellow radix aconiti agrestis in highlands claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the planting site of 1. selecting should be carried out more than 3 years rotation system, front stubble to be to be advisable with potato, buckwheat and rape, and earth's surface weeds should be eliminated before plantation, or burns; 2. every mu of seeding quantity 110~130kg, being greater than 10 degree hillside fields sowing seeding row spacings is 55cm × 10cm, is less than 10 degree level land sowing seeding row spacing 35cm × 15cm; 3. the concrete grammar that imposes for the first time seed manure is: convert 8~10kg liquid dung or convert urea 0.8kg and use with 50kg water, root manure is first driven side of a pond plane with hoe, fertilizer is applied in the pool, then cover earth; 4. the pinching and bud picking of plant will be carried out 2 times.
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CN105875139A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-08-24 | 云南农业大学 | Composite method for improving economic benefits of aconitum vilmorinianum kom |
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CN106034668A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-26 | 云南特高农业科技发展有限公司 | Planting method of aconiti kusnezoffii |
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CN108371013A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-08-07 | 丽江老百姓药材生物开发有限公司 | A kind of root tuber implantation methods of extremely frigid zones radix aconiti agrestis |
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CN108522172A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-09-14 | 竹溪县绿之恋园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of cordate houttuynia |
CN111657084A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 国药种业有限公司 | Seedling raising method for aconitum sinomontanum seeds |
CN113133391A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-20 | 维西创建中药材种植农民专业合作社 | Aconitum vilmorinianum kom planting method |
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