CN105660100A - Method for high yield cultivation of phyllostachys angusta - Google Patents
Method for high yield cultivation of phyllostachys angusta Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660100A CN105660100A CN201610020013.4A CN201610020013A CN105660100A CN 105660100 A CN105660100 A CN 105660100A CN 201610020013 A CN201610020013 A CN 201610020013A CN 105660100 A CN105660100 A CN 105660100A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for high yield cultivation of phyllostachys angusta. The method comprises the following steps: (1) parent bamboo selection; (2) parent bamboo processing; (3) afforestation land selection; (4) land preparation; (5) plantation; (6) planting density; (7) young forest management and protection; (8) forest land management; (9) topdressing management; (10) bamboo shoot reservation and bamboo culture; (11) disease and pest control and (12) cutting. Compared with the prior art, the more comprehensive and reasonable method for high yield cultivation of phyllostachys angusta is provided; phyllostachys angusta planted by adopting the method is high in yield, the plant growth trend is tidy, the available value is high, planted phyllostachys angusta is good in quality and high in survival rate, and plant and disease damage is controlled thoroughly and efficiently. According to the cultivation method, the afforestation survival rate is larger than 90%, the preserving rate is larger than 85%, the bamboo shoot germination rate is larger than 80%, and the forest land yield is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Huang Guzhu: for grass family Bambusoideae Phyllostachys plant, has another name called yellow shell bamboo, white shell bamboo, Huang Guzhu, formal name used at school: PhyllostachysangustaMcClure; English name: Narrowsheathbamboo. The excellent material thin bamboo strip bamboo kind in East China, main product in portion of Southeastern Anhui, South of Jiangsu Province, the central and north, Zhejiang, flat field Around the house is commonly seen cultivation, also has distribution at alluvial flat and middle and lower part, low mountain; The yellow ancient high 6～8m of bamboo stalk, footpath is up to 5cm, and new stalk is by sparse white lead, and sheaths of bamboo shoots sheath is milky white or band yellow green, has sparse fleck, without hair, without sheaths of bamboo shoots ear and sheath mouth frill; Sheaths of bamboo shoots tongue is very flourishing, pistac, and tip is torn, and has the long cilium of canescence; Sheaths of bamboo shoots leaf is spear to banding, and green, edge is faint yellow, reversion. Late April Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase. Excellent thin bamboo strip bamboo kind, it compiles the traditional export commodity that artware is China received, and bamboo stalk also can be used as an ancient unit of weight fishing rod etc.
Huang Guzhu has above-mentioned multiple use, its plantation good in economic efficiency, but the comprehensive high-yield cultivating method of set of system is not had over the years because of Huang Guzhu, cause yielding poorly of the Huang Guzhu planted, survival rate, the growing way of plant differs greatly, main still with planting technique, fertilizing management technology, the Prevention Technique of afforestation technology and pest and disease damage is closely bound up, and the yellow ancient bamboo economic benefit of existing traditional planting technique batch plantation is not high, cost is high, it is unfavorable for follow-up batch cultivation on a large scale, the existing surrival rate of afforestation only only has 70%, storage rate 65%, send out Radix Crotalariae szemoensis rate > 60%.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, it is desirable to provide a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method, the method is the method for a set of brand-new yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating, compared with thinking with prior art, the method is at planting technique, fertilizing management technology, multiple problems such as the Prevention Technique of afforestation technology and pest and disease damage have been done the improvement of system, the method proposing the high-yield cultivating of a set of reasonable and efficient yellow ancient bamboo, adopt the yellow ancient bamboo survival rate that the method is planted high, Stand Growth is vigorous, yield is high, improve forest land output capacity, the pest and disease damage occurred is proposed comprehensive and systematic prevention and controls and measure, the threat of the pest and disease damage in each period in developmental process of fundamentally having stopped Huang Guzhu, it is greatly improved yield and the quality of yellow ancient bamboo afforestation.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) female bamboo selects: life in 1～2 year and grow in vigorous, the relatively low stalwartness of branch, well-balanced bamboo grove and select female bamboo, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.8～2.4cm of mother bamboo;
(2) female bamboo processes: female bamboo goes slightly after digging immediately, removes the high 3～3.5m of stalk after a while, and clear bole height is less than 2m, and going female bamboo after a while to stay branch 4～8 dish, top cut away stays a 5cm～7cm from going up most 1 dish, in horse ear shape or truncated shape, and smooth do not ftracture, it is and stays branch; Stay the long > 15cm of whip, remove the long > 20cm of whip, go that whip should have more than 5 healthy and strong full Radix Crotalariae szemoensis buds, be and stay whip; Every strain mother's bamboo root portion must band soil, together with the gross weight of female bamboo more than 6.0kg, be storage soil;
(3) plantation measures: include the selection of weather, topography and soil condition, transportation condition;
(4) wholely: include cutting filling, turn over and cultivate and dig planting hole;
(5) plant: late Febuary～late March, plum rain season prometaphase or 10～November plant, first by table earthen backfill at the bottom of cave, backfill thickness is the 1/5～1/4 of planting hole, the female bamboo soil ball handled well is placed in planting hole center, bamboo rhizome is kept to be the level of state, soil ball surface maintains an equal level with actinal surface on planting hole, often spread manuer in holes decomposed manure 10kg or Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.25kg, fully mix thoroughly with backfill soil, circumferentially intermediate slowly clog from four when banketing, the embedment of table soil is following, new soil is filled out herein above, layering having peace of mind, make whip root and soil contiguity, when banketing close to soil ball surface, the disposable foot that waters determines root water, earthing becomes steamed bread shape around female bamboo again, the depth of planting is with 5cm～10cm deeper in female bamboo original producton location degree of depth,
(6) density of plantation: 900 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 3.33m; Dense planting 1350 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 2.72m;
(7) young growth is managed and protected: includes interplanting, weed with a hoe, apply fertilizer, water draining, dredge Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and support bamboo;
(8) Forest field management: include cultivating and answer, weed with a hoe, water draining;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively 358～516kg/hm2, 215～310kg/hm2, 143～206kg/hm2, fertilising employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, is spreaded manuer in holes or ditch spread; Fertilizer application period is divided into row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase, the row whip phase carried out in annual June, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase is in annual JIUYUE, based on phosphate fertilizer, the long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase in the April of Second Year, based on nitrogen, total amount respectively above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer that row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and three Stage of Top Dressings of long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase apply fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the 50% of potash fertilizer total amount, 20% and 30%;
(10) staying Radix Crotalariae szemoensis to support bamboo: in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May after bamboo grove afforestation, stay and support healthy and strong bamboo sprout full, well-balanced, that endanger without disease pest, bamboo sprout stay 1.1 times that support number equal to felling strain number quantity then;
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: integrated control bamboo withes broom, bamboo sooty mould, bamboo leaf rust, Bamboo-culm rust, O. vulgaris, Caulis Bambusae Germinatus spring fly, Radix Crotalariae szemoensis floss stem fly, word bamboo sprout as, bamboo locust, bamboo black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows aphid, the prominent lip speckle aphid of bamboo shoot, bamboo knits leaf open country snout moth's larva, bamboo engraves boat moth, firm bamboo acute tonsillitis, the green Limacodidae of dichromatism, thin stinkbug and bamboo purple Anoplophorae seu Aprionae;
(12) felling: fell and select during JIUYUE then to February in next year, the thin stalk level land felling of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground≤2.4cm or the band root and stem of certain plants are excavated, and do not stay stump; The thick stalk stump of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground > 2.4cm or band half root and stem of certain plants felling;Stump is cut down with " three cuttves cut down ", and stump is not higher than 3cm.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described step (3) plantation measures mesoclimate is average temperature of the whole year 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C, 1 monthly mean temperature 3.5 DEG C～4.5 DEG C, the April at Shooting stage place and 5 monthly mean temperatures respectively 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C and 20.0 DEG C～21.0 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature >-10 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature < 40 DEG C, annual precipitation > 1100mm, spring and summer is with heavy rainfall, and JIUYUE is without continuous drought weather.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described step (3) plantation measures mesorelief edaphic condition refers to and selects height above sea level < 600m, the mountain valley of gradient < 20 °, the foot of a mountain, middle and lower part, hillock, mound, moisture soil gently or no longer cultivated field, soil thickness > 50cm, thickness of soil humus > 10cm, soil pH value 4.5～6.5.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: cut described in described step (4) whole ground filling refer to annual by the end of August before and turn over cultivate before cut filling and cleaning reproducing area 1 time comprehensively, the assorted filling cut down is laid in successively plants in the ranks; Described turn over 1 month cultivated when planting before complete.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described in turn over to cultivate and be divided into overall site preparation, strip tillage or spot soil preparation wholely; Wherein, described overall site preparation refers to that gradient hill below 15 ° can plough deeply reproducing area comprehensively, depth of soil preparation >=30cm, and soil block refinement, top layer is bordering on smooth, described strip tillage refers to opens up wasteland reproducing area along equal pitch contour banding, bandwidth and band are from for 1.6m～2.1m, depth of soil preparation >=30cm, and described spot soil preparation refers to and opens up wasteland by initial density in planting fixed point bulk, the size in plot is generally 1.5m × 1.5m, depth of soil preparation >=30cm.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described in dig planting hole be according to the density of plantation, layout in triangle disposition and dig cave, namely two adjacent start of line planting holes should stagger half spacing in the rows, the long 70cm in cave, wide 50cm, deep 40cm, big at the bottom of pocket and cave etc., the long side direction of planting hole is parallel with hillside equal pitch contour.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described step (7) young growth manage and protect described in interplanting be bamboo grove ground intercropping beans, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, three kinds of crops of green manure in one; Described fertilising is in autumn and winter season then of afforesting in the time do not interplanted, along planting hole surrounding ditch organic fertilizer 5.0kg/ strain, spread manuer in holes near stayed Hsinchu next year JIUYUE and in February, the 3rd Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.2kg/ strain, hereafter spreading manuer in holes Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.1kg/ strain in JIUYUE then and Second Year February in its vicinity in the Hsinchu that each year is stayed to gardenful, soil layer 15cm～20cm place all imbedded by fertilizer.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: cultivates described in described step (8) Forest field management and refers to again and carry out between the annual 6-7 month, and the bamboo grove ground that gradient < is 15 ° cultivates 1 time every year or next year in June entirely; Adopt next year horizontal band-like shifting cultivation, bandwidth and band from 1.65m or 1.35m to the bamboo grove that gradient > is 15 °, cultivate second mining two hoe methods, have whip place to cultivate the multiple degree of depth and be slightly less than the distributed depth of whip, cultivate the multiple degree of depth >=30cm without whip place.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: described step (9) topdress described in management to spread fertilizer over the fields be that fertilizer is sprinkling upon ground equably, plough under when cultivating multiple in soil; Spreading manuer in holes is excavating, from above bamboo culm base or peripheral 30cm place, the semilune ditch that about 10cm is deep, 20cm is wide, applies fertilizer earthing therewith; Ditch spread is to ditch along equal pitch contour level, deep 10cm～15cm, wide 20cm, and ditch spacing 1.5m～2.0m applies fertilizer earthing therewith.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention proposes a method more comprehensive, reasonably yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating, the yellow ancient bamboo yield adopting the method plantation is high, Stand Growth is neat, bamboo grove good quality and high output, and the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage is thorough, efficiently, and adopt its surrival rate of afforestation > 90% of cultural method of the present invention, storage rate > 85%, send out Radix Crotalariae szemoensis rate > 80%, substantially increase forest land output capacity.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those of ordinary skill in the art be better understood on technical scheme, below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described.
Embodiment one:
A kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method, the main yellow ancient bamboo fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees of the site class that stalk material is main purpose I grade producing mean DBH increment 2.4cm < mean DBH increment≤2.8cm, comprise the following steps:
(1) female bamboo selects: life in 1～2 year and grow vigorous, the relatively low stalwartness of branch, bamboo stalk internode is shorter, well-balanced, do not bloom, cause harm without disease pest and in the bamboo grove of the slightly viscous weight of Soil structure or the border of old bamboo grove choose and select mother bamboo, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.8～the 2.4cm of female bamboo, and should not excessive at Standing bamboo density, grow in weak bamboo grove and choose, also should not choose in the loose bamboo grove of Soil structure;
(2) female bamboo processes: female bamboo goes slightly after digging immediately, remove the high 3～3.5m of stalk after a while, clear bole height is less than 2m, and go female bamboo after a while to stay branch 4～5 dish, namely go to stay 4～8 to take turns branch after a while, be suitable for being thick with leaves and allocate and transport at a distance, top cut away stays a 5cm～7cm from going up most 1 dish, in horse ear shape or truncated shape, and smooth do not ftracture, be and stay branch; Stay the long > 15cm of whip, remove the long > 20cm of whip, the bamboo of general afforestation is in female bamboo, and female bamboo has 2 to greatly enhance root whip, and female bamboo leans on whip to send out Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and grows, go the bud on whip to continue to send out Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and grow bamboo, remove whip should have more than 5 healthy and strong full Radix Crotalariae szemoensis buds, and must not damaged, bamboo rhizome otch is smooth not to ftracture, stalk handle and whip root must not damaged, be and stay whip; Every strain mother's bamboo root portion must band soil, together with the gross weight of female bamboo more than 6.0kg, it is ensured that female bamboo root portion has enough nutrients and moisture, is storage soil;
(3) plantation measures: include the selection of weather, topography and soil condition, transportation condition; Weather is average temperature of the whole year 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C, 1 monthly mean temperature 3.5 DEG C～4.5 DEG C, the April at Shooting stage place and 5 monthly mean temperatures respectively 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C and 20.0 DEG C～21.0 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature >-10 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature < 40 DEG C, annual precipitation > 1100mm, spring and summer is with heavy rainfall, and JIUYUE is without continuous drought weather; Topography and soil condition refers to and selects height above sea level < 600m, the mountain valley of gradient < 15 °, the foot of a mountain, middle and lower part, hillock, mound, moisture soil gently or no longer cultivated field, soil thickness > 60cm, thickness of soil humus > 15cm, soil pH value 4.5～6.0, this reproducing area is I grade of reproducing area of site class;
(4) wholely: include cutting filling, turn over and cultivate and dig planting hole; Cut down the shrub on reproducing area to cry and cut filling, cut described in whole ground filling refer to annual by the end of August before and turn over cultivate before cut filling and cleaning reproducing area 1 time comprehensively, the assorted filling cut down is laid in successively plants in the ranks, does not refine mountain, is removed by residue after browse comes off or rots again; Described turn over 1 month cultivated when planting before complete; Turn over cultivate adopt the gradient less than 15 ° reproducing area employing plough deeply reproducing area comprehensively, depth of soil preparation >=30cm, and soil block refinement, top layer is bordering on smooth, remove butt, stone, assorted bamboo rhizome, and in the ditch that must begin to rehearse of planting on paddy depression band, no longer cultivated farmland or level land of laying idle, excavate 1 every 10m, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 40cm;According to the density of plantation, layout in triangle disposition and dig cave, namely two adjacent start of line planting holes should stagger half spacing in the rows, so arrangement is in picturesque disorder, it is ensured that every plant all can receive the sunshine of abundance, and influencing each other of being prevented from every plant breeding process between root growth, the long 70cm in cave, wide 50cm, deep 40cm are big at the bottom of pocket and cave etc. The long side direction of planting hole is parallel with hillside equal pitch contour;
(5) plant: late Febuary～late March, plum rain season prometaphase or 10～November plant, employing individual plant of planting is planted, go to whip direction consistent when individual plant is planted, first by table earthen backfill at the bottom of cave, backfill thickness is the 1/5～1/4 of planting hole, the female bamboo soil ball handled well is placed in planting hole center, bamboo rhizome is kept to be the level of state, soil ball surface maintains an equal level with actinal surface on planting hole, often spread manuer in holes decomposed manure 10kg or Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.25kg, fully mix thoroughly with backfill soil, circumferentially intermediate slowly clog from four when banketing, the embedment of table soil is following, new soil is filled out herein above, layering having peace of mind, make whip root and soil contiguity, when banketing close to soil ball surface, the disposable foot that waters determines root water, earthing becomes steamed bread shape around female bamboo again, the depth of planting is with 5cm～10cm deeper in female bamboo original producton location degree of depth, air port place mother bamboo or the crooked thicker female bamboo of stalk must set up bracing frame,
(6) density of plantation: 900 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 3.33m, and this planting density is that the vertical bamboo grove of I grade of big footpath level of site class is divided; Dense planting 1350 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 2.72m;
(7) young growth is managed and protected: includes interplanting, weed with a hoe, apply fertilizer, water draining, dredge Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and support bamboo; Described interplanting is the one in bamboo grove ground intercropping beans, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, three kinds of crops of green manure, and carry out woodland interplanting at the first two years, can not long-stalked crops such as interplanting corn and climb up by holding on to type vine crop, also the fertile crop of the happinesses such as Radix Ipomoeae should not be interplanted, intertillage can not damage bamboo rhizome and whip bud, and is embedded in forest land by the straw after interrow crop results, utilizes woodland interplanting can be greatly improved the volume utilization rate in yellow ancient bamboo plantation space, improve the income of by-product industry, increase economic efficiency; Described weeding with a hoe refers to and respectively carries out 1 time weeding with a hoe in annual June in the time do not interplanted and JIUYUE, until bamboo grove closing, weeds turn over and are embedded in soil; Described fertilising is in autumn and winter season then of afforesting in the time do not interplanted, along planting hole surrounding ditch organic fertilizer 5.0kg/ strain, spread manuer in holes near stayed Hsinchu next year JIUYUE and in February, the 3rd Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.2kg/ strain, hereafter spread manuer in holes Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.1kg/ strain in JIUYUE then and Second Year February in its vicinity in the Hsinchu that each year is stayed to gardenful, soil layer 15cm～20cm place all imbedded by fertilizer, the described pouring draining planting hole place then that afforests often covers grass earthing and keeps moistening, during antecedent soil moisture, water in time, during the hydrops of forest land, draining as early as possible; It is dredge in time to go weak Radix Crotalariae szemoensis, little Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and disease pest Radix Crotalariae szemoensis that described thin Radix Crotalariae szemoensis support bamboo, retains healthy and strong bamboo sprout, promotes to grow up to Hsinchu. During young growth, local area (be typically in female bamboo near) bamboo strain is overstocked should sparsely fell thin and delicate bamboo in time;
(8) Forest field management: include cultivating and answer, weed with a hoe, water draining; Described cultivating refers to again and carries out between the annual 6-7 month, and the bamboo grove ground that gradient < is 15 ° cultivates 1 time every year or next year in June entirely; Adopt next year horizontal band-like shifting cultivation, bandwidth and band from 1.65m or 1.35m to the bamboo grove that gradient > is 15 °, cultivate second mining two hoe methods, there is whip place to cultivate the multiple degree of depth and be slightly less than the distributed depth of whip, place without whip cultivates the multiple degree of depth >=30cm, it is therefore an objective to loosen the soil, earthing, promotes bamboo growth;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount respectively 417～477kg/hm of described site class I grade big footpath level reproducing area nitrogen fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2, 250～286kg/hm2, 167～191kg/hm2, fertilising employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and fertilizer is sprinkling upon ground equably, ploughs under in soil when cultivating multiple; Fertilizer application period is divided into row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase, the row whip phase carried out in annual June, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase is in annual JIUYUE, based on phosphate fertilizer, the long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase in the April of Second Year, based on nitrogen, total amount respectively above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer that row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and three Stage of Top Dressings of long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase apply fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the 50% of potash fertilizer total amount, 20% and 30%;
(10) Radix Crotalariae szemoensis are stayed to support bamboo: in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May after bamboo grove afforestation, stay and support healthy and strong bamboo sprout full, well-balanced, that endanger without disease pest, bamboo sprout stay support number=then fell strain number × (1+10% safety factor), the bamboo sprout of site class I grade big footpath level reproducing area stay foster quantity to be 19250～22000 piece/year hm2;
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: integrated control bamboo withes broom, bamboo sooty mould, bamboo leaf rust, Bamboo-culm rust, O. vulgaris, Caulis Bambusae Germinatus spring fly, Radix Crotalariae szemoensis floss stem fly, word bamboo sprout as, bamboo locust, bamboo black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows aphid, the prominent lip speckle aphid of bamboo shoot, bamboo knits leaf open country snout moth's larva, bamboo engraves boat moth, firm bamboo acute tonsillitis, the green Limacodidae of dichromatism, thin stinkbug and bamboo purple Anoplophorae seu Aprionae;
Bamboo withes broom, occurs on branch:A. fell old bamboo and the bamboo that decays as scheduled, keep suitable Standing bamboo density, guard against overstocked, and carry out intertillage fertilising, promote New bamboo growth;
B. remove sick branch diseased plant, concentrate outside forest land and burn;
C.3 the moon～April, with the spraying preventing and treating of 500 times of liquid of 20% triazolone cream, 1 week 1 time, even spray 3 times;
Bamboo sooty mould, occurs on leaf and sprig:A. sparsely fell old bamboo, control bamboo grove Standing bamboo density, so as to ventilation and penetrating light, reduce woodland humidity;
B. brought out by coccid, aphid and cause, just incubate the phase at it and spray pest controls with 1000 times～1500 times liquid of 5% imidacloprid cream;
Bamboo leaf rust, occurs on leaf:A. keep the rational Standing bamboo density of bamboo grove and age class structure, cut down except the old and the weak bamboo in time, promote bamboo grove healthy growth;
B. removing sick branch fallen leaves, concentration is burnt;
C.3 the middle ten days and the last ten days moon, with 800 times～1000 times liquid spraying preventing and treatings of 20% triazolone cream, 1 time weekly, even spray 3 times;
Bamboo-culm rust, occurs on bamboo stalk and sprig:A. keep the rational Standing bamboo density of bamboo grove and age class structure, cut down except the old and the weak bamboo in time;
B. once find indivedual diseased plant, removing immediately and burning;
Strike off winter full son heap and bamboo stem epidermis tissue about with cutter by the end of March when c. slightly occurring;
D. severe is sprayed weekly 1 time with lime sulfur or the aminobenzenesulfonic acid of 0.5 Baume degrees～1 Baume degrees when occurring, even spray 3 times. Also teleutosorus preventing and treating can be smeared in early October, continuous 2 the use 20% triazolone cream stock solutions of next year late March;
O. vulgaris, larval feeding bamboo sprout:A. strengthen forest land tending management, in conjunction with forest land weeding, loosen the soil and fertilising etc., eliminate hibernating egg in weeds; Clear up woodland Germinatus Bambusae cum tarmes in time April～May, move back Radix Crotalariae szemoensis, reduce larva insect density in next year;
B. trapping lamp trapping adult;
C. the natural enemies such as Formica fusca in woods, Scolopendra, Aranea are protected;
D. the Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase prevents and treats with 1000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or the 500 times of liquid ground sprayings of 1.2% matrine cream;
Caulis Bambusae Germinatus spring fly, larval feeding bamboo sprout:A. remove weeds, forest land dry branches and fallen leaves in woods, excavate early and move back Radix Crotalariae szemoensis;
B. the adult eclosion phase, a little mixture trapping of Chinese liquor 1 part, vinegar 4 parts, white sugar 3 parts, 5 parts of water, metrifonate; June light trap adult;
C. the Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase prevents and treats with 1000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or the 500 times of liquid ground sprayings of 1.2% matrine cream;
Radix Crotalariae szemoensis floss stem fly, larval feeding bamboo sprout:A. forest land tending management is strengthened. Bamboo sprout overlay earth in Radix Crotalariae szemoensis base surrounding after being unearthed, and stop Adult worms producting eggs;
B. during adult eclosion peak, with 4.5% r spraying preventing and treating;
One word bamboo sprout are as, larva and imago feeding bamboo sprout:A. forest land tending management is strengthened. Bamboo grove is carried out weeding and loosens the soil by autumn and winter, destroys bamboo sprout curculionid soil room, reduces insect population of surviving the winter;
B. bamboo sprout put plastic bag when growing to 1m, and the protection tender tips of bamboo shoot exempt from causes harm;
C. artificial capture method;
D., when epidemic situation occurs, add water 1 times with 50% orthene cream, all bamboo sprout in bamboo grove are carried out bamboo cavity injection preventing and treating at base portion;
Bamboo locust, adult and nymph take food Folium Bambusae:A. cultivate winter multiple, destroy the hibernacle of soil cocoon;
B. every 100kg Urina Hominis adds 2kg～3kg metrifonate or 40% orthene 2kg mixes all, soaks into Caulis et Folium Oryzae and manually traps and kills;
C. the nymph of a locust is contained the phase and sprays with efficient avilamycin before dew is not dry morning and prevent and treat, with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate spraying smoke after upper bamboo;
D., when epidemic situation occurs, with 40% orthene, bamboo cavity injection preventing and treating is implemented in all bamboo strains of full woods;
Bamboo black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows aphid, adult takes food at the Folium Bambusae back side:A. the natural enemies such as ladybug, Chrysopa, wasp fly and bamboo aphid parasite are protected;
B. with the 500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of 1.2% Radix Sophorae Flavescentis cream;
C. with 5% aphid emulsion for cleaning or the 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of 2.5% time cream; When epidemic situation occurs, with 40% orthene or imidacloprid, all bamboo strains of full woods are carried out bamboo cavity injection preventing and treating;
Bamboo shoot is dashed forward lip speckle aphid, and cluster tender bamboo leaf, tender tips of bamboo shoot thorn inhales Succus Bambusae:A. Protect natural enemies;
B. enemy's horse fumicants spraying smoke;
C.5% aphid louse emulsion for cleaning or 1000 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream or 1500 times of liquid sprayings are prevented and treated;
Bamboo knits leaf open country snout moth's larva, larval feeding Folium Bambusae:A. cultivate winter multiple, destroy the hibernacle of soil cocoon;
B.6 adult height in the first tenday period of a month moon honeybee light trap in period or ground, nectar source go out moth. Become in worm's ovum phase woods and discharge trichogramma;
C. larval phase woodland spray BT or muscardine, or with orthene, all bamboo strains of full woods are carried out bamboo cavity injection preventing and treating;
Bamboo engraves boat moth, larval feeding Folium Bambusae:A. foster winter, kill Overwintering Larvae in soil; Strike off small and weak Hsinchu summer, it is possible to reduce the ovum amount of woodland;
B. ovum and Kill the larva are manually plucked;
C. adult stage light trap;
D. larva phase of causing harm sprays or spraying smoke with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1.2% matrine cream;
E. larva phase of causing harm injects with 4.5% r or 40% orthene cream or spraying preventing and treating;
Firm bamboo acute tonsillitis, larval feeding Folium Bambusae:A. strengthen fostering, rationally fell and control Standing bamboo density;
B. manually pluck ovum, scrape ovum;
C. trapping lamp trapping adult;
D. larva causes harm the phase with 1000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or the spraying of 500 times of liquid ground of 1.2% matrine cream;
E. larva cause harm the phase with 4.5% r or 40% orthene cream or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate inject, spraying or spraying smoke;
The green Limacodidae of dichromatism, larval feeding Folium Bambusae:A. taeniasis branch and leaf are extractd in time;
B. trapping lamp trapping adult;
C., during larva harm, spray or spraying smoke with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1.2% matrine cream;
D. larval phase, injects with 4.5% r or 40% orthene cream or spraying preventing and treating;
Thin stinkbug, adult and nymph take food bamboo chamber:A. surgerying the dead bamboo of frequency and old bamboo, minimizing is caused harm; Remove dry branches and fallen leaves, reduce overwintering nymphs;
B. manually wipe out the nymph branch of cluster, concentrate and eliminate;
C.4 it is coated with oil ring (butter: machine oil is 1:1, add 8% Lu se weilei) at bamboo culm base the middle of the month, stops bamboo on it to be caused harm; Or it is sprayed into the wide cyclome of 50cm with 150 times of 8% Lu se weilei～200 times liquid at bamboo culm base; The 40% orthene cream of every strain injection 1ml～2ml or 5% imidacloprid cream; D. nymph 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1.2% matrine cream or 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable solution or 0.3% nimbin emulsion or 3% pyrethrin missible oil is sprayed;
E., during high insect population, inject with 4.5% r or 40% orthene cream or with 20% fenvalerate spraying smoke;
Bamboo purple Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, pierces after larvae hatch in bamboo stalk and takes food:A. clear up withered bamboo in time, do bamboo grove health well, cut down bamboo and transport in time;
B. spray with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1.2% matrine cream during Adult worms producting eggs and prevent and treat;
C. spray with 40% orthene cream or 8% Lu se weilei and prevent and treat;
(12) felling: fell and select during JIUYUE then to February in next year, the thin stalk level land felling of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground≤2.4cm or the band root and stem of certain plants are excavated, and do not stay stump; The thick stalk stump of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground > 2.4cm or band half root and stem of certain plants felling; Stump is cut down with " three cuttves cut down ", does not advocate " horse ear cuts down " that 1 cutter breaks apart by chopping, and stump is not higher than 3cm; Fell object according to purposes, always stay children in accordance with cutting, cut close thin principle of staying, fell 3 years raw bamboos, concurrently disinfect substandard products bamboo, small and weak bamboo, disease pest bamboo, wind-fall bamboo, crushing by snow bamboo, cutting should be not more than increment, is as the criterion not destroying the rational Standing bamboo density of bamboo grove and age class structure.
Embodiment two:
With embodiment one the difference is that, the main yellow ancient bamboo fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees of the site class that stalk material is main purpose I grade producing mean DBH increment 2.0cm < mean DBH increment≤2.4cm, comprise the following steps:
(1) female bamboo selects: go female bamboo after a while to stay branch 6～8 dish, and applicable branch and leaf are sparse or plant nearby;
(5) planting: plant and adopt into from planting, it is 1 clump that Cheng Cong plants that 2 strain～3 strains plant, and when Cheng Cong plants, whip is to being centrifugal shape;
(6) density of plantation: dense planting 1350 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 2.72m; This planting density is that the vertical bamboo grove of I grade of small diameter grade of site class is divided;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount respectively 477～516kg/hm of I grade of small diameter grade reproducing area nitrogen fertilizer application of described site class, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2, 286～310kg/hm2, 191～206kg/hm2, fertilising adopts is excavating, from above bamboo culm base or peripheral 30cm place, the semilune ditch that about 10cm is deep, 20cm is wide, applies fertilizer earthing therewith;
(10) Radix Crotalariae szemoensis are stayed to support bamboo: the bamboo sprout of site class I grade big footpath level reproducing area stay foster quantity to be 33000～35750 piece/year hm2。
Embodiment three:
With embodiment one the difference is that the main yellow ancient bamboo fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees of the site class that stalk material is main purpose II grade producing mean DBH increment 2.4cm < mean DBH increment≤2.8cm, comprise the following steps:
(3) plantation measures: gently or no longer cultivated field, soil thickness 50-60cm, thickness of soil humus 10-15cm, soil pH value 4.5～6.5, this reproducing area is II grade of reproducing area of site class for the mountain valley of gradient 15-20 °, the foot of a mountain, middle and lower part, hillock, mound, moisture soil;
(4) wholely: turn over and cultivate employing strip tillage and open up wasteland reproducing area along equal pitch contour banding, bandwidth and band are from for 1.6m～2.1m, depth of soil preparation >=30cm. Remove butt, stone, assorted bamboo rhizome. Dig not cultivating band in afforesting latter 1 year;
(6) density of plantation: 900 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 3.33m, and this planting density is that the vertical bamboo grove of II grade of big footpath level of site class is divided;
(8) adopt next year horizontal band-like shifting cultivation, bandwidth and band from 1.65m to the bamboo grove that Forest field management: gradient > is 15 °, be initial density in planting 900 strains/hm2;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount respectively 358～417kg/hm of described site class II grade big footpath level reproducing area nitrogen fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2, 215～250kg/hm2, 143～167kg/hm2, fertilising employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and fertilizer is sprinkling upon ground equably, ploughs under in soil when cultivating multiple;
(10) Radix Crotalariae szemoensis are stayed to support bamboo: the bamboo sprout of site class II grade big footpath level reproducing area stay foster quantity to be 16500～19250 piece/year hm2。
Embodiment four:
With embodiment one the difference is that the main yellow ancient bamboo fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees of the site class that stalk material is main purpose II grade producing mean DBH increment 2.0cm < mean DBH increment≤2.4cm, comprise the following steps:
(2) female bamboo processes: go female bamboo after a while to stay branch 6～8 dish, and applicable branch and leaf are sparse or plant nearby;
(3) plantation measures: gently or no longer cultivated field, soil thickness 50-60cm, thickness of soil humus 10-15cm, soil pH value 4.5～6.5, this reproducing area is II grade of reproducing area of site class for the mountain valley of gradient 15-20 °, the foot of a mountain, middle and lower part, hillock, mound, moisture soil;
(4) wholely: turning over and cultivate employing spot soil preparation by the initial density in planting fixed point bulk reclamation of wasteland, the size in plot is generally 1.5m × 1.5m, all the other same strip tillages. Progressively expand in afforesting latter 1 year～2 years and turn over the scope of cultivating to entirely cultivating shape;
(5) planting: plant and adopt into from planting, it is 1 clump that Cheng Cong plants that 2 strain～3 strains plant, and when Cheng Cong plants, whip is to being centrifugal shape;
(6) density of plantation: dense planting 1350 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 2.72m; This planting density is that the vertical bamboo grove of II grade of small diameter grade of site class is divided;
(8) adopt next year horizontal band-like shifting cultivation, bandwidth and band from 1.35m to the bamboo grove that Forest field management: gradient > is 15 °, be initial density in planting 1350 strains/hm2;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount respectively 437～477kg/hm of II grade of small diameter grade reproducing area nitrogen fertilizer application of described site class, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2, 262～286kg/hm2, 175～191kg/hm2, fertilising adopts ditch spread to ditch along equal pitch contour level, deep 10cm～15cm, wide 20cm, and ditch spacing 1.5m～2.0m applies fertilizer earthing therewith;
(10) Radix Crotalariae szemoensis are stayed to support bamboo: the bamboo sprout of II grade of small diameter grade reproducing area of site class stay foster quantity to be 30250～33000 piece/year hm2。
The present invention adopts the site class I grade and site class II grade of surrival rate of afforestation > 90%, storage rate > 85% that embodiment one to four realizes, and sends out Radix Crotalariae szemoensis rate > 80%.
Claims (9)
1. a yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) female bamboo selects: life in 1～2 year and grow in vigorous, the relatively low stalwartness of branch, well-balanced bamboo grove and select female bamboo, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.8～2.4cm of mother bamboo;
(2) female bamboo processes: female bamboo goes slightly after digging immediately, removes the high 3～3.5m of stalk after a while, and clear bole height is less than 2m, and going female bamboo after a while to stay branch 4～8 dish, top cut away stays a 5cm～7cm from going up most 1 dish, in horse ear shape or truncated shape, and smooth do not ftracture, it is and stays branch; Stay the long > 15cm of whip, remove the long > 20cm of whip, go that whip should have more than 5 healthy and strong full Radix Crotalariae szemoensis buds, be and stay whip;Every strain mother's bamboo root portion must band soil, together with the gross weight of female bamboo more than 6.0kg, be storage soil;
(3) plantation measures: include the selection of weather, landform, edaphic condition, transportation condition;
(4) wholely: include cutting filling, turn over and cultivate and dig planting hole;
(5) plant: late Febuary～late March, plum rain season prometaphase or 10～November plant, first by table earthen backfill at the bottom of cave, backfill thickness is the 1/5～1/4 of planting hole, the female bamboo soil ball handled well is placed in planting hole center, bamboo rhizome is kept to be the level of state, soil ball surface maintains an equal level with actinal surface on planting hole, often spread manuer in holes decomposed manure 10kg or Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.25kg, fully mix thoroughly with backfill soil, circumferentially intermediate slowly clog from four when banketing, the embedment of table soil is following, new soil is filled out herein above, layering having peace of mind, make whip root and soil contiguity, when banketing close to soil ball surface, the disposable foot that waters determines root water, earthing becomes steamed bread shape around female bamboo again, the depth of planting is with 5cm～10cm deeper in female bamboo original producton location degree of depth,
(6) density of plantation: 900 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 3.33m; Dense planting 1350 strains/hm2, seeding row spacing is 2.72m;
(7) young growth is managed and protected: includes interplanting, weed with a hoe, apply fertilizer, water draining, dredge Radix Crotalariae szemoensis and support bamboo;
(8) Forest field management: include cultivating and answer, weed with a hoe, water draining;
(9) topdress management: the total fertilization amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively 358～516kg/hm2, 215～310kg/hm2, 143～206kg/hm2, fertilising employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, is spreaded manuer in holes or ditch spread; Fertilizer application period is divided into row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase, the row whip phase carried out in annual June, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase is in annual JIUYUE, based on phosphate fertilizer, the long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase in the April of Second Year, based on nitrogen, total amount respectively above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer that row whip phase, pregnant Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase and three Stage of Top Dressings of long Radix Crotalariae szemoensis phase apply fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the 50% of potash fertilizer total amount, 20% and 30%;
(10) staying Radix Crotalariae szemoensis to support bamboo: in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May after bamboo grove afforestation, stay and support healthy and strong bamboo sprout full, well-balanced, that endanger without disease pest, bamboo sprout stay 1.1 times that support number equal to felling strain number quantity then;
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: integrated control bamboo withes broom, bamboo sooty mould, bamboo leaf rust, Bamboo-culm rust, O. vulgaris, Caulis Bambusae Germinatus spring fly, Radix Crotalariae szemoensis floss stem fly, word bamboo sprout as, bamboo locust, bamboo black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows aphid, the prominent lip speckle aphid of bamboo shoot, bamboo knits leaf open country snout moth's larva, bamboo engraves boat moth, firm bamboo acute tonsillitis, the green Limacodidae of dichromatism, thin stinkbug and bamboo purple Anoplophorae seu Aprionae;
(12) felling: fell and select during JIUYUE then to February in next year, the thin stalk level land felling of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground≤2.4cm or the band root and stem of certain plants are excavated, and do not stay stump; The thick stalk stump of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground > 2.4cm or band half root and stem of certain plants felling; Stump is cut down with " three cuttves cut down ", and stump is not higher than 3cm.
2. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (3) plantation measures mesoclimate is average temperature of the whole year 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C, 1 monthly mean temperature 3.5 DEG C～4.5 DEG C, the April at Shooting stage place and 5 monthly mean temperatures respectively 15.0 DEG C～16.0 DEG C and 20.0 DEG C～21.0 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature >-10 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature < 40 DEG C, annual precipitation > 1100mm, spring and summer is with heavy rainfall, and JIUYUE is without continuous drought weather.
3. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (3) plantation measures mesorelief edaphic condition refers to and selects height above sea level < 600m, the mountain valley of gradient < 20 °, the foot of a mountain, middle and lower part, hillock, mound, moisture soil gently or no longer cultivated field, soil thickness > 50cm, thickness of soil humus > 10cm, soil pH value 4.5～6.5.
4. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cut described in described step (4) whole ground filling refer to annual by the end of August before and turn over cultivate before cut filling and cleaning reproducing area 1 time comprehensively, the assorted filling cut down is laid in successively plants in the ranks; Described turn over 1 month cultivated when planting before complete.
5. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described in turn over to cultivate and be divided into overall site preparation, strip tillage or spot soil preparation wholely; Wherein, described overall site preparation refers to that gradient hill below 15 ° can plough deeply reproducing area comprehensively, depth of soil preparation >=30cm, and soil block refinement, top layer is bordering on smooth, described strip tillage refers to opens up wasteland reproducing area along equal pitch contour banding, bandwidth and band are from for 1.6m～2.1m, depth of soil preparation >=30cm, and described spot soil preparation refers to and opens up wasteland by initial density in planting fixed point bulk, the size in plot is generally 1.5m × 1.5m, depth of soil preparation >=30cm.
6. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described in dig planting hole be according to the density of plantation, layout in triangle disposition and dig cave, namely two adjacent start of line planting holes should stagger half spacing in the rows, the long 70cm in cave, wide 50cm, deep 40cm, at the bottom of pocket and cave etc. big, the long side direction of planting hole is parallel with hillside equal pitch contour.
7. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (7) young growth manage and protect described in interplanting be the one in bamboo grove ground intercropping beans, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, three kinds of crops of green manure; Described fertilising is in autumn and winter season then of afforesting in the time do not interplanted, along planting hole surrounding ditch organic fertilizer 5.0kg/ strain, spread manuer in holes near stayed Hsinchu next year JIUYUE and in February, the 3rd Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.2kg/ strain, hereafter spreading manuer in holes Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 0.1kg/ strain in JIUYUE then and Second Year February in its vicinity in the Hsinchu that each year is stayed to gardenful, soil layer 15cm～20cm place all imbedded by fertilizer.
8. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cultivate described in described step (8) Forest field management and refer to again and carry out between the annual 6-7 month, the bamboo grove ground that gradient < is 15 ° cultivates 1 time every year or next year in June entirely; Adopt next year horizontal band-like shifting cultivation, bandwidth and band from 1.65m or 1.35m to the bamboo grove that gradient > is 15 °, cultivate second mining two hoe methods, have whip place to cultivate the multiple degree of depth and be slightly less than the distributed depth of whip, cultivate the multiple degree of depth >=30cm without whip place.
9. a kind of yellow ancient bamboo high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (9) spreading fertilizer over the fields described in management of topdressing is that fertilizer is sprinkling upon ground equably, ploughs under in soil when cultivating multiple; Spreading manuer in holes is excavating, from above bamboo culm base or peripheral 30cm place, the semilune ditch that about 10cm is deep, 20cm is wide, applies fertilizer earthing therewith; Ditch spread is to ditch along equal pitch contour level, deep 10cm～15cm, wide 20cm, and ditch spacing 1.5m～2.0m applies fertilizer earthing therewith.
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