CN105875128A - Planting method of Chinese prickly ash - Google Patents
Planting method of Chinese prickly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN105875128A CN105875128A CN201510007772.2A CN201510007772A CN105875128A CN 105875128 A CN105875128 A CN 105875128A CN 201510007772 A CN201510007772 A CN 201510007772A CN 105875128 A CN105875128 A CN 105875128A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of Chinese prickly ash, and relates to the technical field of planting of crops. The planting method comprises the steps of collecting seeds, treating the collected seeds, performing sowing, performing seedling management, performing culturing management, performing overwintering management, and performing extermination of diseases and insect pests. Through adoption of the planting method disclosed by the invention, the survival rate of the seedling culturing of the Chinese prickly ash is effectively guaranteed, seedling emergence is uniform and early, seedling root hairs grow vigorously, and the seedlings develop completely and strongly, so that the survival rate of the planted seedlings is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, particularly relate to the plantation side of a kind of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Method.
Background technology
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli is machaka or the dungarunga of Rutaceae Zanthoxylum.Property happiness temperature cold air wait, but can not resist cold,
Easily freezing to death, relatively more drought-enduring, but intolerant to waterlogging, is the famous spice of northern China and oil plant seeds.It
Whole body is precious, and peel, seed, bark and timber have specific use, has higher economic worth.
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli well developed root system, resistance to dry morning, is the seeds building arid economic forest, and grow fast, result early,
Strong adaptability, suitably development Pericarpium Zanthoxyli economic forest are the good approach of peasant programme, therefore at Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
On seedling-raising technique, need to find a good approach.
Summary of the invention
For weak point present in the problems referred to above, the present invention provides the plantation side of a kind of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Method so that it is the survival rate of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli nursery be effectively ensured, and emerge neat, emerge early, the growth of nursery stock root hair
Vigorous, Seedling strain is grown complete healthy and strong, improves the survival rate of its plantation.
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the present invention provides the implantation methods of a kind of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, wherein, including
Following steps:
S10, seed collection: select that kind is pure, best in quality, robust growth, best in quality,
Achievement phase tree without pest and disease damage is seed collecting elite stand；
S20, seed treatment: seed treatment Pericarpium Zanthoxyli kind shell is hard, and oil is many, waterproof, germinate ratio
More difficult, first have to before sowing carry out ungrease treatment and storage, its processing method has following several:
Aqueous alkali defat method, cattle manure preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method and Steeping and budding method；
S30, sowing: sowing point is sowed in spring and autumn sowing；
S40, seedling management: height of seedling 4-5cm time final singling, keep spacing 10-15cm.Seedling growth
Period can use a large amount of fermented rabbit excrement to do organic fertilizer, after executing in time in the 6-7 month every mu applies fertilizer
Middle weeding, when rainy season arrives, nursery prevention waterlogging to be performed drainage works.
S50, cultivation management: include expanding cave-applied fertilizer, overlay film heat, foliage application, pruning rejuvenation and
Gather；
S60, overwinter management: include the water and fertilizer management in autumn, prune tree body, the nutrition of enhancing tree body
Level, strengthen survive the winter conservative management and spray antifreezing agent；
S70, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: main pest and disease damage has Pericarpium Zanthoxyli scale insect, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli red spider, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Cecidomyiia, Pricklyash Ruct, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli felt fungus, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease.
Preferably, in described step S10, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed peel, in redness in various degree, has
The peel of 15%-20% splits, and seed black is glossy, and the fruit thin layer under adopting spreads logical
Wind, dry, in the shade indoor, by seed collection after peel all splits, continue to spread at the moon
Liang Chu fully dries in the shade, and puts in unlimited container and store time below mercury dropped to 10 DEG C；
Preferably, in described step S20, autumn sowing, seed is placed in aqueous alkali immersion, 1kg kind
Son use dietary alkali 0.025kg, add water with flood seed for degree, removing sky shelter grain, soak 2 days, wash by rubbing with the hands
Seed coat oils and fats, washes down sowing with clear water after pulling out；Sow in spring, use aqueous alkali defat method, cattle manure storage
Method, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method and Steeping and budding method process seed.
Preferably, in described step S30, during spring sowing, every mu of sowing 25kg, little furrow nursery can be used
Trench digging drilling, every furrow 4 row, line-spacing 20cm, ditch depth 5cm, earthing 1cm, every mu sowing 4～
6kg, broadcasts rear bed surface and covers grass moisturizing, throw off by several times after emerging；During autumn sowing, open one every 24-27cm
The deep 1cm of bar, the ditch of wide 9cm, seed is uniformly sprinkled in ditch, after broadcasting by the earth culture on both sides on ditch.
Preferably, in described step S40, described rabbit excrement is prepared by the raw material comprising following weight parts
Form: thick protein 10-15 part, crude fat 3-8 part, nitrogen-free extract 50-70 part, nicotinic acid 2-5
Part, riboflavin 1-5 part, pantothenic acid 1-5 part, vitamin B12 are 1-5 part, nitrogen, phosphorus, the containing of potassium
Measure several times higher than other fertilizers, additionally possibly together with nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12 etc.
Multivitamin, is high-efficiency organic fertilizer, the most also parasite killing, sterilizing, drought-relief effect.
Preferably, in described step S50, comprise the following steps:
S501, expansion cave-applied fertilizer: after soil defrosting in the early spring, the soil around Chinese pricklyash root system is dug deeply
30-50 centimetre, every mu of organic fertilizer about 30 kilograms；
S502, overlay film heat: overlay film has the good result that moisturizing heats, and typically can improve ground temperature
About 3 DEG C, beneficially root system development growth, overlay film should be carried out after expanding cave-applied fertilizer in time, along tree row
By whole for soil thin whole dry, slightly higher at nearly trunk, epiphragma area is to be as the criterion slightly larger than tree crown outer rim；
S503, foliage application: the potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 3% and the carbamide mixed solution of 0.5%, every year
Foliage application 6 times, spray in florescence for the first time, spends latter 10 days spray second time, is spaced and within 10 days, sprays the again
Three times, on July, after the middle ten days and fruit harvesting, each spray is once；
S504, pruning rejuvenation: summer combines Pericarpium Zanthoxyli of gathering, and prunes in time；
S505, gather: the Pericarpium Zanthoxyli fruit period of maturation, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli was ripe typically before and after the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat
Time, peel is aubergine or pale red, and peel stitching thread projection ftractures on a small quantity, seed black light
Bright.
Preferably, in described step S60, comprise the following steps:
S601, the water and fertilizer management in autumn, Chinese pricklyash should stop Nitrogen Top Dressing after entering July, in case
Rear season overgrows；
S602, prune tree body, 9～take upright prosperous branch October to draw, do not come with the measure such as pinching
Weaken the growing way of prosperous branch, control prosperous tree effect obvious, and spray in good time and protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing,
Hinder pathogenic bacteria land in tree body procreation, the cold tolerance of tree body can be improved simultaneously；
S603, the trophic level of enhancing tree body, can execute the quick-acting potash fertilizer such as potassium sulfate in 7～August；
The highly effective trace fertilizers such as the photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of foliage-spray, amino acid chelate fertilizer add 800 times of liquid of new high fat film, to carry
The photosynthetic capacity of Gao Shuti；9～potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.5%-1 the first of foliage-spray in October 0.5%
The carbamide mixing solution of e adds 800 times of liquid of new high fat film and sprays, even spray 2～3 times every 7～10 days,
Trunk infusion deposit and cold tolerance can be effectively improved；
Effectively preventing of S604, conservative management of strengthening surviving the winter, employing trunk ridging and seedling whole strain ridging
Protect measure, strengthen tree body protection；Smear at trunk and protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing or carry out trunk painting
White protection, joins with 20 parts of 0.5 part+Sal of 5 parts+sulfur of quick lime, 0.1 part+water of 2 parts+vegetable oil
Make and protect agent and carry out setting body and be coated with dry；
S605, sprinkling antifreezing agent, surviving the winter, tree body is sprayed the molten of antifreezing agent 1%～1.25% by period
Liquid, can effectively prevent the freeze injury of branch.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
The present invention is effectively ensured the survival rate of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli nursery, and emerge neat, emerge early, nursery stock root hair raw
Long vigorous, Seedling strain is grown complete healthy and strong, improves the survival rate of its plantation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiments of the invention schematic flow sheets.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with
The present invention is described in further detail by accompanying drawing with example, but example is not as to the present invention
Restriction.
As it is shown in figure 1, embodiments of the invention comprise the following steps:
S10, seed collection: select that kind is pure, best in quality, robust growth, best in quality,
Achievement phase tree without pest and disease damage is seed collecting elite stand；Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed peel, in redness in various degree, has
The peel of 15%-20% splits, and seed black is glossy, and the fruit thin layer under adopting spreads
Ventilation, dry, in the shade indoor, by seed collection after peel all splits, continue to spread
Fully dry in the shade at Yin Liang, put into time below mercury dropped to 10 DEG C in unlimited container and store.
S20, seed treatment: seed treatment Pericarpium Zanthoxyli kind shell is hard, and oil is many, waterproof, germinate
Relatively difficult, first have to before sowing carry out ungrease treatment and storage, its processing method has following several:
Aqueous alkali defat method, cattle manure preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method and Steeping and budding method；
Aqueous alkali defat method: seed is placed in aqueous alkali immersion 2 days, removes empty grain, blighted grain, washes by rubbing with the hands
Remove the oils and fats on seed coat, pull out and can sow.
Cattle manure preservative: Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed is mixed in the ratio of 1: 4 with fresh cattle manure in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter,
And add plant ash, and to make the thick cattle manure base of 4cm-6cm, be placed on shady spot's storage, spring is by seed
Sowing is taken out from excrement base.
Stratificated treatment method: when soil is freeze-up, rubs Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed with plant ash and gets rid of oils and fats, will
Seed and fluvial sand being sufficiently mixed in the ratio of 1: 5, the temperature of fluvial sand is not dripped with agglomerating caused by hands
Being advisable, dig storage hole deep for deep 0.4m-0.6m at ventilation, in the shade, dry place, 8cm-12cm is filled out at the end, hole
Thick wet sand, fills in mixed seed and fluvial sand in hole, flattens to when the 10cm of ground,
One layer of weaving bagging ventilated of paving above, and the thick soil of 12cm-20cm is added a cover above, protect
The ambient temperature of card seed is at 2 DEG C-7 DEG C, in case sowing during spring.
Overlay film thermal-insulating method: take high-quality Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed, with the wet husky mixing of 3 times, is placed on the warmest place
In the ditch that 40cm is deep, it is covered with plastic sheeting, watering insulation, within every 1-2 days, stirs 1 time, have minority
Seed breach is sprouted and i.e. be can be taken off sowing.
Steeping and budding method: Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed is put into container for stirring 2-3 minute equipped with boiled water, water is cool
Using warm water soaking 3-4 days afterwards, seed is eluriated 1 time by every day with warm water, has the seed of 5%-10% to open
When splitting, taking-up seed covers wet cloth and is placed on warm place, and having the seed of 25% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 1-2 days can broadcast
Kind.
Autumn sowing, is placed in aqueous alkali immersion, 1kg seed dietary alkali 0.025kg by seed, add water with
Flooding seed is degree, removes sky and shelters grain, soaks 2 days, wash seed coat oils and fats by rubbing with the hands, use clear water after pulling out
Wash down and can sow；During spring sowing, can use aqueous alkali defat method, cattle manure preservative, Stratificated treatment method,
The several methods such as overlay film thermal-insulating method and Steeping and budding method process seed.
S30, sowing: sowing point is sowed in spring and autumn sowing；Spring drought area, broadcasts before soil is freeze-up in the fall
Plant preferably, emerge neat, than Zao emerging 10-15 days of sowing in spring；The spring sowing time is typically in " Spring Equinox "
Front and back.Every mu of sowing 25kg.Little furrow nursery can be with trench digging drilling, every furrow 4 row, line-spacing 20cm,
Ditch depth 5cm, earthing 1cm, every mu of sowing 4～6kg, broadcast rear bed surface and cover grass moisturizing, divide after emerging
Secondary throw off.May be used without the method nursery of banking up, during autumn sowing, every 24-27cm open one deep
1cm, the ditch of wide 9cm, seed is uniformly sprinkled in ditch, after broadcasting by the earth culture on both sides on ditch.Open
After spring, check germination situation in time, as seen minority seed breach, one will be scraped off by earthing
Point, retaining 2-3cm, spend 5-7 days, seed major part breach scrapes off part earthing again, keeps covering
Thick about the 1cm of soil, such seedling will soon all sprout.As sowed in spring through the seed of accelerating germination, after broadcasting
Within 4-5 days, seedling can be unearthed, and within about 10 days, all sprouts.This method is applicable to subject to spring area early.
S40, seedling management: thinning final singling during height of seedling 4-5cm, keep spacing 10-15cm.Nursery stock
A large amount of fermented rabbit excrement can be used to do organic fertilizer in the 6-7 month every mu applies fertilizer during growth, fertilising
To combine with pouring water, middle weeding after executing.Pericarpium Zanthoxyli Seedling is most afraid of flood, when rainy season arrives, and nursery
Prevention waterlogging drainage works to be performed.1 year raw height of seedling 70-100cm, can go out garden afforestation.
Fertilising is used a large amount of fermented rabbit excrement do organic fertilizer.Described rabbit excrement is by comprising following weight
The raw material of part is prepared from: thick protein 10-15 part, crude fat 3-8 part, nitrogen-free extract 50-70
Part, nicotinic acid 2-5 part, riboflavin 1-5 part, pantothenic acid 1-5 part, vitamin B12 are 1-5 part, nitrogen,
Phosphorus, the content several times higher than other fertilizers of potassium, additionally possibly together with nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, dimension
The multivitamins such as raw element B12.Being high-efficiency organic fertilizer, the most also parasite killing, sterilizing, drought resisting are protected
Moisture in the soil effect.So the use of rabbit excrement can make Pericarpium Zanthoxyli increasing both production and income, best in quality, additional income 10% with
On.
S50, cultivation management:
S501, expansion cave-applied fertilizer: after soil defrosting in the early spring, the soil around Chinese pricklyash root system is dug deeply
30-50 centimetre, every mu of organic fertilizer 30 kilograms, after budding period mid-April, late July fruit picking,
Standard chemical fertilizer 0.4 kilogram is executed in every strain.Water in time after fertilising one time permeable.
S502, overlay film heat: overlay film has the good result that moisturizing heats, and typically can improve ground temperature
About 3 DEG C, beneficially root system development growth.Overlay film should be carried out after expanding cave-applied fertilizer in time, along tree
It is whole thin whole dry to be about to soil, and slightly higher at nearly trunk, epiphragma area is to be as the criterion slightly larger than tree crown outer rim.
The junction of two blocks of mulch films is real by soil pressure, and mulch film flattens as far as possible and is adjacent to ground, and surrounding grave is tight.
On film, add a cover the fine earth of 5 cm thicks by the end of April, weed growth can be prevented, extend mulch film and use the longevity
Life.
S503, foliage application: the potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 3% and the carbamide mixed solution of 0.5%, often
Year foliage application 6 times, spray in florescence for the first time, is spent latter 10 days spray second time, is spaced 10 days again
Spray third time, July on, respectively sprays once after the middle ten days and fruit harvesting.
S504, pruning rejuvenation: summer combines Pericarpium Zanthoxyli of gathering, and prunes in time.To weak hedge clipper
Except part bough and sick branch, autumn pumps unnecessary bough again, and last every strain retains 5-7 master
Branch, the most suitably removes intensive branch in hat simultaneously, and sparse branching amount is usually no more than 25%, and contracts that to cut part weak
Branch is to strengthening at bud；The general not cutting back of the middle brachyplast of golden mean of the Confucian school tree, to dredge, and notes protecting terminal bud,
Cutting back suitable to long fruit branch, retains big bud.
S505, gather: the Pericarpium Zanthoxyli fruit period of maturation is typically before and after the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat.During Pericarpium Zanthoxyli maturation,
Peel is aubergine or pale red, peel stitching thread projection, ftractures on a small quantity, seed black bright.
Can smell strong spicy hot taste, this is optimum harvest time, and picking fruit is usually and plucks with hands
Or scissors cut.The harvesting of enriching shoot fruit ear: have a full bud under big green pepper fringe between first axil,
This bud is the result bud of next year, properly be protected by, and when plucking green pepper fringe, does not the most connect
Remove with this axillalry bud, in order to avoid impact carrys out annual production.The harvesting of weak branch fruit ear: under weak branch fruit ear
First bud is grown the fullest；Second or the 3rd bud growth more stalwartness, should protect when plucking
Stay second or the 3rd bud, otherwise affect Second Year yield.
S60, overwinter management:
S601, the water and fertilizer management in autumn, Chinese pricklyash should stop Nitrogen Top Dressing after entering July, with
Season overgrowing after anti-.Base manure should apply in 9-10 month as early as possible simultaneously, is conducive to improving the battalion of tree body
The level of supporting.
S602, prune and control the tree prosperous length of body, do not take upright prosperous branch in 9-10 month to draw, not and pluck
The measures such as the heart weaken the growing way of prosperous branch, control prosperous tree effect
Substantially, and spray in good time protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing, hinder pathogenic bacteria land in tree body procreation,
The cold tolerance of tree body can be improved simultaneously
S603, the trophic level of enhancing tree body, can execute the quick-acting potash fertilizer such as potassium sulfate in 7-8 month；
The highly effective trace fertilizers such as the photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of foliage-spray, amino acid chelate fertilizer add 800 times of liquid of new high fat film, with
Improve the photosynthetic capacity of tree body.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.5%-1 at 9-10 month foliage-spray 0.5%
The carbamide mixing solution of first e adds 800 times of liquid of new high fat film and sprays, every 7～10 days even spray 2～
3 times, trunk infusion deposit and cold tolerance can be effectively improved.
Effectively preventing of S604, conservative management of strengthening surviving the winter, employing trunk ridging and seedling whole strain ridging
Protect measure, strengthen tree body protection；Smear at trunk and protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing or carry out trunk painting
White protection, with 20 parts of 0.5 part+Sal of 5 parts+sulfur of quick lime, 0.1 part+water of 2 parts+vegetable oil
It is configured to protect agent to carry out setting body and be coated with dry.
S605, sprinkling antifreezing agent, surviving the winter, tree body is sprayed the molten of antifreezing agent 1%-1.25% by period
Liquid, can effectively prevent the freeze injury of branch.
S70, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
S701, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli scale insect
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli scale insect be Homoptera Coccoidea cause harm Pericarpium Zanthoxyli a red-spotted lizard class be referred to as, have giant mealy bug, Mulberry shield
A red-spotted lizard, poplar white tiles armored scale, theatre armored scale etc..Their feature is all dependent on its distinctive sucking mouth
Device, sucking plant bud, leaf, the juice of twig.Causing spike top, Huang Ye, tree vigo(u)r is weak, seriously
Time dead.
Prevention and controls:
Owing to a red-spotted lizard class adult body surface covers waxiness or shell, medicament is difficult to penetrate into, and prevention effect is the best.
Therefore, a red-spotted lizard class prevention emphasis is at nymph.
1. physical control: the winter, the spring with grass or brush obliterate the female worm survived the winter on trunk or branch and
Male pupa in cocoon.
2. chemical prevention: optional systemic insecticide, such as omethoate 1000 times；Especially with 40%
Speed slaughter 800-1000 times effective.
3. Biological control: scale insect nature has a lot of natural enemy, as some parasitic wasps, ladybug,
Chrysopa etc..
S702, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli red spider
(tetranychus viennensis, tetranychus vinenensis zacher) chemical control: occur, to be subject to 6-9 generation in 1 year
Essence female adult worm is survived the winter.Harm is started when Pericarpium Zanthoxyli germinates.First brood of larvae starts at inflorescence elongating stage
Occurring, full-bloom stage harm is contained most.Post-coitum is laid eggs in blade back master pulse both sides.Pericarpium Zanthoxyli red spider also may be used
Parthenogenesis, thereafter on behalf of male worm.Etesian weight has the biggest with the humiture of this area
Relation, high temperature and drought is conducive to occurring.
Prevention and controls:
1. chemical prevention: must grasp the key link period, 4～May, evil demodicid mite contains phase of incubating, occurred frequently
Phase prevents and treats with 500 times of liquid of 25% propargite, 3000 times of liquid of 73% propargite；Or with interior absorption parasite killing
Agent omethoate 1000 times；40% speed slaughters 800-1000 times.
2. Biological control: evil demodicid mite has a lot of natural enemy, such as some Predatory Mites class, ladybug etc., field
Less with broad spectrum insecticide, with Protect natural enemies.
S703, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli cecidomyiia
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli cecidomyiia has another name called chillies dried cecidomyiia.The twig be injured can be made to cause hamartoplasia because of irriate,
Forming column insect gall, the branch growth that makes to be injured is obstructed, and the later stage is dried-up, and often cause tree vigo(u)r old and feeble and
Dead.
Prevention and controls:
1. cut off insect pest branch, and wound healing corrosion prevention film protection wound, preventing and treating should be smeared in time pruning mouth
Pathogenic bacteria invades, and collection sick branch is burnt or buried cooperation is smeared on tree body and protected tree general's resistance in time
Pathogenic bacteria land are hindered to be multiplied in tree body, to reduce the rate that pathogenic bacteria survives.
2. chemical control.After Pericarpium Zanthoxyli is gathered, spray targeted agent in time add new high fat film enhancing medicine
Effect, preventing and treating gas transmissibility pathogenic bacteria intrusion, and with Cotton Gossypii dip in medicament in a tumor point put on the skin, full garden spray
Protect tree general to carry out disinfection.
S704, Radix Zanthoxyli Bungeani maize ear rot
Radix Zanthoxyli Bungeani maize ear rot: Radix Zanthoxyli Bungeani maize ear rot often occurs in nursery and adult green pepper garden.It is by beancurd sheet sickle
The microbial a kind of soil-borne disease of spore.Plant root variable color of being injured is rotted, and has a foreign odor taste, root bark with
Xylem departs from, and xylem is black.Aerial parts is leaf little and yellow skin, and branch development is complete,
Time serious, Herb is dead.
Prevention and controls:
1. Reasonable adjustment layout, improves impeded drainage, the green pepper garden that environment is dark and damp so that it is aeration-drying.
2. carrying out seedling management, Yan Xuan nursery, with 500-800 times of liquid disinfectant soil of 15% triadimefon
Earth.High bed zanjon, heavy dressing base manure.Pull out disease Seedling in time.
With 500 times of immersion roots of 50% thiophanate methyl 24 hours when 3. transplanting seedlings.Use lime disinfection
Soil.And with 500-800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, or 500-800 times of liquid irrigating root of 15% triadimefon.
4. April is with 15% powder peaceful 300-800 times of liquid irrigating root bearing tree a bit, can effectively stop morbidity.
Summer, pouring root can slow down the order of severity of morbidity, and winter, pouring root can reduce the structure of surviving the winter of pathogen.
Excavate root of dying of illness the most in time, extremely set, and burn, eliminate disease dye former.
S705, Pricklyash Ruct
Pricklyash Ruct: Pricklyash Ruct is one of important disease in Folium Zanthoxyli Bungeani portion.Be widely distributed in Shaanxi,
The Pericarpium Zanthoxyli cultivation area that Sichuan, Hebei, Gansu etc. save.Time serious, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli untimely defoliation, direct shadow
Ring bearing fruit of next year., there is 2-3mm water stain shape chlorisis speckle in leaf front in their early stage, and
There is the blister thing of Fructus Citri tangerinae color in the leaf back relative with scab, for uredium.Primary disease is by Pericarpium Zanthoxyli sheath
Rest fungus causes.Uredospore and teleuto stage occur on Chinese pricklyash.The generation of Pricklyash Ruct is main
Relevant with weather.Every rainfall is many, particularly the third season rainfall many, rainfall natural law is many
Under the conditions of, harm is easy to occur.
Prevention and controls:
1. medicament prevention: when not falling ill, can spraying Bordeaux mixture or 0.1-0.2% Baume Calx
Sulphur, or in first arrival late July in June, Chinese pricklyash is carried out with 200-400 times of liquid carboxin
Spraying protection.
2. chemical control: to fallen ill spray 15% 1000 times of liquid of triadimefon wettable powder,
Control uredium to produce.Morbidity Sheng phase sprayable 1: 2: 200 times of Bordeaux mixture, or 0.1-0.2
Baume lime sulfur, or 15% wettability 1000-1500 times of liquid of triadimefon powder.
3. strengthen rich water quality management, root out weeds, rational pruning.Late fall removes dry branches and fallen leaves in time
Weeds are also burnt.
4. disease-resistant variety is cultivated, can be by Pericarpium Zanthoxyli kind companion planting strong for resistance against diseases.
S706, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli felt fungus
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli felt fungus is a kind of commonly encountered diseases of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, its cause of disease be Basidiomycotina every load ear.
Basidiocarps, like plaster shape, is tightly posted on Chinese pricklyash branch.The lighter makes branch undergrowth, bears fruit few；
Severe one causes branch withered.In a lot of areas, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli branch and whole strain are withered, bear fruit few, result
Little all relevant with felt fungus.The generation of felt fungus is relevant with the age of tree, humidity and kind.According to investigations,
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli felt fungus occurs mainly in concealment, moist adult green pepper garden；It addition, this disease occurs and shell
Worm harm is relevant, and the honeydew that felt fungus secrete with scale insect is as nutrition, therefore scale insect endangers serious
Green pepper garden, felt fungus morbidity is serious
Prevention and controls:
1. strengthen management, suitably prune, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, reduce green pepper garden humidity.
2. controlling planting density, especially in aging green pepper in best fruiting period garden, excessively covering should suitable intermediate cutting.
3. scab is smeared with Baume 4～5 degree of lime sulfurs.
4. the preventing and treating of scale insect is strengthened.
S707, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease
Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease: Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease is to be caused by fungus, has the strongest infectiousness, can be fast
Speed causes butt phloem necorsis, rotten, gummosis liquid, causes yellowing leaf and branch withered
Sick.
Prevention and controls:
Sterilizing in ①Qing garden, cleaning should be thorough in the winter time, is concentrated by disease pest branch and leaf and burns or buried, with
Time spray protect tree general carry out the sterilization of full garden.
Spray medicine the most in good time, carry out prevention, timely applying organic manure, should spray in time at the initial stage of a disease
Medicament disinfecting.Gummosis mouth smear in time protect tree general prevent and treat Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease, unimpeded can dredge pipe,
Improve plant against resistance.
3. rich water is sufficient, roots out weeds, respectively sprays in Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bud stage, young fruit period, fruit expanding period
Spill a Pericarpium Zanthoxyli and strengthen base of a fruit spirit, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli green pepper skin depth, green pepper fruit while of improving Chinese pricklyash resistance against diseases, can be made to strengthen,
Color and luster taste gorgeous, natural is aromatic.
4. chemical control, bleeding disease (dry rot) is often to occur with Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, buprestid beetle, therefore
Therefore should prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as Anoplophorae seu Aprionae in time to occur, and coordinate sprinkling targeted agent to add new high fat film
Strengthen drug effect, the intrusion of preventing and treating gas transmissibility pathogenic bacteria, protect tree general in the sprinkling of full garden and carry out disinfection.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of
Or the use present invention.Those skilled in the art are come by the multiple amendment to these embodiments
Saying and will be apparent from, generic principles defined herein can be without departing from the present invention's
In the case of spirit or scope, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will not be by
It is limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and new
The widest scope that grain husk feature is consistent.
Claims (7)
1. the implantation methods of a Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S10, seed collection: select that kind is pure, best in quality, robust growth, best in quality,
Achievement phase tree without pest and disease damage is seed collecting elite stand；
S20, seed treatment: seed treatment Pericarpium Zanthoxyli kind shell is hard, and oil is many, waterproof, germinate ratio
More difficult, first have to before sowing carry out ungrease treatment and storage, its processing method has following several: alkali
Water defat method, cattle manure preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method and Steeping and budding method；
S30, sowing: sowing point is sowed in spring and autumn sowing；
S40, seedling management: height of seedling 4-5cm time final singling, keep spacing 10-15cm.Nursery stock is raw
A large amount of fermented rabbit excrement can be used to be organic fertilizer, Shi Houji in the 6-7 month every mu applies fertilizer during length
Weeding in time, when rainy season arrives, nursery prevention waterlogging to be performed drainage works.
S50, cultivation management: include expanding cave-applied fertilizer, overlay film heat, foliage application, pruning rejuvenation and
Gather；
S60, overwinter management: include the water and fertilizer management in autumn, prune tree body, the nutrition of enhancing tree body
Level, strengthen survive the winter conservative management and spray antifreezing agent；
S70, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: main pest and disease damage has Pericarpium Zanthoxyli scale insect, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli red spider, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Cecidomyiia, Pricklyash Ruct, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli felt fungus, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli bleeding disease.
2. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S10, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli seed peel, in redness in various degree, has the peel of 15%-20% to split, seed
Black is glossy, and the fruit thin layer under adopting spreads in ventilation, dry, in the shade indoor, when
Peel all split after by seed collection, continue to spread and the most fully dry in the shade, mercury dropped arrives
Put into when less than 10 DEG C in unlimited container and store；
3. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S20, autumn sowing, seed is placed in aqueous alkali immersion, 1kg seed dietary alkali 0.025kg, adds water
With flood seed for degree, remove sky shelter grain, soak 2 days, wash seed coat oils and fats by rubbing with the hands, after pulling out, use clear water
Wash down sowing；Sow in spring, use the insulation of aqueous alkali defat method, cattle manure preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film
Method and Steeping and budding method process seed.
4. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S30, during spring sowing, every mu of sowing 25kg, little furrow nursery can be with trench digging drilling, every furrow 4 row, OK
Away from 20cm, ditch depth 5cm, earthing 1cm, every mu of sowing 4～6kg, broadcast rear bed surface and cover grass moisturizing, go out
Throw off by several times after Seedling；During autumn sowing, open a deep 1cm, the ditch of wide 9cm, seed every 24-27cm
Uniformly it is sprinkled in ditch, after broadcasting by the earth culture on both sides on ditch.
5. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S40, described rabbit excrement is prepared from by the raw material comprising following weight parts: thick protein 10-15 part,
Crude fat 3-8 part, nitrogen-free extract 50-70 part, nicotinic acid 2-5 part, riboflavin 1-5 part, pantothenic acid
1-5 part, vitamin B12 are 1-5 part, nitrogen, phosphorus, the content several times higher than other fertilizers of potassium,
Additionally possibly together with multivitamins such as nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B1ies, it is the most organic
Fertilizer, the most also parasite killing, sterilizing, drought-relief effect.
6. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S50, comprise the following steps:
S501, expansion cave-applied fertilizer: after soil defrosting in the early spring, the soil around Chinese pricklyash root system is dug deeply
30-50 centimetre, every mu of organic fertilizer about 30 kilograms；
S502, overlay film heat: overlay film has the good result that moisturizing heats, and typically can improve ground temperature 3 DEG C
Left and right, beneficially root system development growth, overlay film should be carried out in time expanding after cave-applied fertilizer, is about to soil along tree
Earth is whole thin whole dry, and slightly higher at nearly trunk, epiphragma area is to be as the criterion slightly larger than tree crown outer rim；
S503, foliage application: the potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 3% and the carbamide mixed solution of 0.5%, every year
Foliage application 6 times, spray in florescence for the first time, spends latter 10 days spray second time, is spaced and within 10 days, sprays the again
Three times, on July, after the middle ten days and fruit harvesting, each spray is once；
S504, pruning rejuvenation: summer combines Pericarpium Zanthoxyli of gathering, and prunes in time；
S505, gather: the Pericarpium Zanthoxyli fruit period of maturation typically before and after the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat, during Pericarpium Zanthoxyli maturation,
Peel is aubergine or pale red, peel stitching thread projection, ftractures on a small quantity, seed black bright.
7. the implantation methods of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step
In S60, comprise the following steps:
S601, the water and fertilizer management in autumn, Chinese pricklyash should stop Nitrogen Top Dressing after entering July, in case
Rear season overgrows；
S602, prune tree body, 9～take upright prosperous branch October to draw, do not come with the measure such as pinching
Weaken the growing way of prosperous branch, control prosperous tree effect obvious, and spray in good time and protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing, resistance
Hinder pathogenic bacteria land in tree body procreation, the cold tolerance of tree body can be improved simultaneously；
S603, the trophic level of enhancing tree body, can execute the quick-acting potash fertilizer such as potassium sulfate in 7～August；
The highly effective trace fertilizers such as the photosynthetic micro-fertilizer of foliage-spray, amino acid chelate fertilizer add 800 times of liquid of new high fat film, to carry
The photosynthetic capacity of Gao Shuti；9～potassium dihydrogen phosphate+the 0.5%-1 of foliage-spray in October 0.5%
The carbamide mixing solution of first e adds 800 times of liquid of new high fat film and sprays, the even spray 2～3 every 7～10 days
Secondary, trunk infusion deposit and cold tolerance can be effectively improved；
S604, conservative management of strengthening surviving the winter, use effective protection of trunk ridging and seedling whole strain ridging
Measure, strengthens tree body protection；Smear at trunk and protect tree general's heat-preserving anti-freezing or carry out trunk whitewashing guarantor
Protect, be configured to 20 parts of 0.5 part+Sal of 5 parts+sulfur of quick lime, 0.1 part+water of 2 parts+vegetable oil
Protect agent to carry out setting body and be coated with dry；
S605, sprinkling antifreezing agent, at the period solution to tree body sprinkling antifreezing agent 1%～1.25% of surviving the winter,
Can effectively prevent the freeze injury of branch.
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| CN106416908A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Method for culturing strong Chinese prickly ash seedlings |
| CN106941978A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 | A kind of corythucha ciliate method for integrated control |
| CN107409862A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-12-01 | 平凉锐博知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of method for preventing and treating Chinese prickly ash seedling root rot |
| CN107580953A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-16 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The overwinter management method of best fruiting period Chinese pricklyash |
| CN107801440A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-16 | 麻江县生产力促进中心有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving Chinese prickly ash emergence rate |
| CN108094012A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-06-01 | 沿河安发刺梨生态开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese prickly ash interplanting Rosa roxburghii Tratt beneficial to water and soil conservation |
| CN108718769A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-02 | 彝良县富农核桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii tree-pruning method |
| CN109006103A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆市大足区百信生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese prickly ash |
| CN109328830A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-15 | 昭通市昭阳区林业局 | A kind of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii tree high yield type fruit-bearing shoot cluster year breeding method |
| CN111684979A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-22 | 贵州中农网农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for woody traditional Chinese medicine (Chinese prickly ash) planting |
| CN111925251A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-13 | 衡东县远鹏黄贡椒有限公司 | Spray for preventing and treating gummosis of pepper trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN111937666A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 衡东县远鹏黄贡椒有限公司 | High-efficiency cultivation method for rattan pepper |
| CN112243775A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-22 | 绵阳骏峰农业科技开发有限公司 | High-yield planting method for stingless pepper |
| CN114431060A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-06 | 贵州鸿池峰生态农业发展有限公司 | Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling growing method |
| CN115088548A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 长江大学 | Method for cultivating walnut trees in arid plateau areas |
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| CN106416908A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | Method for culturing strong Chinese prickly ash seedlings |
| CN106941978A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 | A kind of corythucha ciliate method for integrated control |
| CN107409862A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-12-01 | 平凉锐博知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of method for preventing and treating Chinese prickly ash seedling root rot |
| CN107801440A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-16 | 麻江县生产力促进中心有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving Chinese prickly ash emergence rate |
| CN107580953A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-16 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The overwinter management method of best fruiting period Chinese pricklyash |
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| CN108718769A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-02 | 彝良县富农核桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii tree-pruning method |
| CN109006103A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆市大足区百信生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese prickly ash |
| CN109328830A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-15 | 昭通市昭阳区林业局 | A kind of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii tree high yield type fruit-bearing shoot cluster year breeding method |
| CN112243775A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-22 | 绵阳骏峰农业科技开发有限公司 | High-yield planting method for stingless pepper |
| CN112243775B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2023-11-10 | 绵阳骏峰农业科技开发有限公司 | High-yield planting method for thornless prickly ash |
| CN111684979A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-22 | 贵州中农网农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for woody traditional Chinese medicine (Chinese prickly ash) planting |
| CN111925251A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-13 | 衡东县远鹏黄贡椒有限公司 | Spray for preventing and treating gummosis of pepper trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN111937666A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 衡东县远鹏黄贡椒有限公司 | High-efficiency cultivation method for rattan pepper |
| CN114431060A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-06 | 贵州鸿池峰生态农业发展有限公司 | Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling growing method |
| CN115088548A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 长江大学 | Method for cultivating walnut trees in arid plateau areas |
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Application publication date: 20160824 |