CN106941921A

CN106941921A - Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan

Info

Publication number: CN106941921A
Application number: CN201710216827.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 和星宇
Original assignee: Lijiang Xingyu Biological Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Lijiang Xingyu Biological Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-05
Filing date: 2017-04-05
Publication date: 2017-07-14

Abstract

The invention discloses bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, it is related to crop-planting technical field.Particular technique is：Selection of land, build cool canopy, site preparation, Yunnan Paris polyphylla nursery, seedbed preparation, seed selection and Seed Treatment, soil treatment, sowing, scaffolding shelters from heat or light, water management, and Excision propagation, fritillaria cirrhosa seeds are cultivated and processing, between plant, the field management of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, extracts fruit, shelters from heat or light, shade density control is 50% 70% in principle, and harvest is no longer sheltered from heat or light then；Between plant during the bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, by the plantation form to bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and Yunnan Paris polyphylla, biological characteristics, ecological habit and the contrast to soil climate requirement, be confirmed, Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae are planted between being adapted to.This inter-species kind method can improve Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae income, and in same crop cycle, take full advantage of soil, obtain double receipts of economic interests, preferably improve economic benefit.

Description

Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan

Technical field：

The present invention relates to bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, belong to crop-planting technical field.

Background technology：

Yunnan Paris polyphylla is herbaceos perennial.Root-like stock sepia, diameter is up to five centimetres, and surface roughness is robbed, on section Raw fibrous fibrous root.Stem is single, uprightly, and cylinder, Glabrous is high 20-100 centimetres, and often band aubergine base portion has 1-3 piece films Matter leaf sheath phimosis.5-11 pieces of leaf, usually seven, long 7-17 centimetres, wide 2.2-6 centimetres, papery or film quality, to fall, ovate is oval Shape or lanceolar, tip are sharp sharp or tapering, base portion wedge to circle, and over long distances, a pair of obvious bases go out arteries and veins to crew, and petiole is long 1-2 centimetres, aubergine.Flower basidixed extends in impeller center, both sexes, bennet, perianth two-wheeled, and foreign steamer is by piece 4-6.Green, it is avette Or lanceolar, lubrication groove tapel and ten thousand wheel tapels are with number, and linear or thread, wide 2-5 millimeters often expanded as in yellow green, top Narrow cochlear.Stamen 2-4 takes turns, and 8-12 pieces, flower pesticide is long 5-10 millimeters, and connective is long 1-2 millimeters from more apparent.Ovary is subsphaeroidal, green Color, tool rib or wing, Room 1.Style base purple, is thickened, normal angle plate-like,.Style purple, it is upright during flower, rolled up outside fruiting period.The nearly ball of fruit Shape, green, irregular cracking.Seed is most, and ovoid has scarlet exosper.The month at florescence 4-6, the fruiting period 10-11 months.

Yunnan Paris polyphylla is perennial herb plant, and actually rhizome is perennial, and cauline leaf 1 year falls seedling.Before and after annual the beginning of spring with The rise of temperature, starts sprouting and sprouts, comes into leaves；Summer and autumn are vigorous periods of growing, and cauline leaf is in great numbers and yields positive results；The Beginning of Winter Later with mercury dropped, cauline leaf starts to wither, fruit maturation, a large amount of savings nutrition of follow-up, stops growing and is survived the winter into dormancy； So go round and begin again, rhizome slowly increases.Though its fertility is very strong, sprouted from seed to yielding positive results and complete a life Cycle living needs 5-6.

Yunnan Paris polyphylla growth cycle is longer, up to 9-10, and from seed sprouting, nutrient growth development just needs 5-6, afterwards Just enter reproductive stage, just start to yield positive results.The Yunnan Paris polyphylla aerial stem of plant now increases, overstriking, and the number of blade increases, flower, fruit Occur, rhizome section also has notable thickening.This period is the vigorous period that Yunnan Paris polyphylla grows.Its plant is usually the 4-5 months Emerge, stem column is generally single, but also there are two plants or three plants.Florescence is the 4-6 months, and after the aerial stem of plant is extracted out, bud is on stem top End grows up to, and contains in not deployed leafage, after 2-3 days, flower portion exposes, bennet elongation, and leaf, flower show are opened.9-11 month seeds land Continuous maturation, capsule cracking, seed exosper comes off naturally after being changed into peony, maturation by pale red.

The lobe numbers of Yunnan Paris polyphylla generally increase with the increase at rhizome age, and to the age of blooming, the number of blade tends towards stability. General First Year and Second Year have a piece of codate leaves, have within the 3rd year 3-4 pieces, there is within the 4th year 4-5 pieces, have 4-6 pieces within the 5th year, arrive After 6th year, plant, which reaches, to bloom the age, and lobe numbers start to be fixed up.While accounting for number of pages increase, leaf morphology also can Change therewith, be earliest single codate leaves, be the verticillate leaves that number differs, blade ovate Long Circle, base portion blunt circle later.

Plant requirement of the Yunnan Paris polyphylla to soil stricter, it is desirable to which soil layer is deep, loose fertile, the high neutrality of the content of organic matter Sandy loam.In the right content of organic matter or the higher loam of quick-acting fertility is often turned over, Soil ventilation and premium are fastened, Yunnan Paris polyphylla Well-grown, can obtain higher yield, soil hardening, barren cohesive soil and the low-lying land of impeded drainage, all be unfavorable for Yunnan The growth of Paris polyphylla, should not be used for planting Yunnan Paris polyphylla.When planting Yunnan Paris polyphylla the cool canopy built shelter from heat or light should between 60%-70%, Scattering luminous energy effectively facilitates the growth of Yunnan Paris polyphylla.

Yunnan Paris polyphylla likes warm, wet, shade tolerant, fears sunlight light direct beam., it is necessary to higher air humidity and the moon nine in growth course Degree, the regional well-grown concentrated in rainfall, especially likes river bank, limes marginis and in the shade hillside, climate-index is:Height above sea level exists 1600-3100 meters；Temperature on average be 11-15 degrees Celsius, more than 240 days frost-free period, the above, annual rainfall in 850-1200 in the least Rice.

Wild Paris polyphylla is grown in the mountain area woods of 1600-3100 meters of height above sea level, dark and damply, for the shady herbaceous plant of happiness.Suitably It is grown in the abundant loam of agron, grey robe soil and sand loam, in basic soil or clay, it is not yet found that wild Raw Yunnan Paris polyphylla growth.Wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla is grown under the dark and damp ground in mountain valley, mountain stream limes marginis broad-leaf forest, so, it is to moisture content requirement Not only be afraid of dry but also be afraid of ponding, soil conservation moistening.Paris polyphylla plant is relatively resisted cold, and the seedling that disappears is started before and after the Frost's Descent climate and other natural phenomena of a season.Underground stem tuber is resistance to low Temperature storage, does not influence the coming year to sprout.Paris polyphylla is grown in Yinshan Mountains face, belongs to skiophyte, likes scattered light under tree shade to shine, avoids high light straight Penetrate.

Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae is perennial herb.Thick 1-1.5 centimetres of bulb, by being made up of 3-4 pieces of plump bulb valve.The high 20- of stem 45 centimetres, often more than middle part has leaf.The leaf opposite of foot 2, long and narrow square circle is to wide bar shaped, blunt nosed, long 4-6 centimetres, wide 0.4- 1.2 centimetres, remaining 3 to 5 pieces verticillate or 2 pieces of opposites, dilute alternate.Narrow to drape over one's shoulders needle-like bar shaped, how much tapering, top, which crimps long 6, is arrived 10 centimetres, wide 0.3 to 0.6 centimetre, topmost has the lobate of three trolleys life, and bract bar shaped top crimps long 5-9 centimetres, wide 0.2- 0.4 centimetre, single flower basidixed, vertical mitriform of bowing；Tapel 6, long 3.5-4.5 centimetres, lubrication groove is circular in square, wide 1.1-1.5 centimetres, yellow There is the nectary that tool caves in green to yellow, tool vein and purple grid speckle, base portion top；Stamen is about the 1/2 of tapel；Flower Mercerising is slided；Style is sturdy；Column cap 3 splits, and sliver is about 5 millimeters.Month at florescence 5-7, fruiting period 8-10 months.It is distributed mainly on Tibet Autonomous region, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province also sees Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, central arid belt in Ningxia, Shaanxi Province.It is born in height above sea level 1800-4200m Woods in, under bushes, the wetland such as meadow or river shoal, mountain valley or rock seam in.90-105 days bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae breeding time, daily mean temperature 5 DEG C or so emerge, 10-13 DEG C blooms, 14-16 DEG C of fruit maturation, 15-20 DEG C be growth optimum temperature, then suppress more than 30 DEG C Growth.After seed collection, embryo is not yet ripe.Embryo development is preferably 10 DEG C or so.The time required to completing the after-ripening of embryo form It is different because of kind, typically need 42-56 days, the physiology after-ripening stage could be completed for 70-90 days by hereafter also needing 0-3 DEG C of low temperature, and seed is It can emerge.Fritillaria is sprouted to seeing that colored result typically want the 4-5 years from seed, and under usual autumn seed after soil, spring next year is sent out Go out the leaf of a piece of needle-like, minority also has stem, and the bulb of underground is generally one, and minority is two, and diameter is up to 1.5-1.8 lis； Typically there is stem and have bud or can bloom within 4th year, but not result, underground bulb withers rotten, regenerates two new bulbs； 5th year then most of to yield positive results, and intratelluric heart bulb, can hyoscine all than larger.The bulb being fully grown-up to, leads to Often two stems can be sent in next year, old bulb also gradually withers rotten after under ground portion is withered, leaves two new bulbs.This growth The length in cycle, different species and as the change of growing environment is discrepant.But all that's about the size of it for most of species, Traditionally cried " a piece of grass " or " double ribbons " the plant of 1-2 piece leaves is only had；There is stem to be cried " tree son " without colored；Have flower without Can the crying of result " dying with rage colored "；The flower of energy result is " Chinese enkianthus ", and fruit is " Eight Diagrams hammer ", and this is for judging the big of underground bulb It is small, the period of harvesting is grasped, is significant.Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae has after-ripening characteristic in a word, certain humidity and temperature is kept, 5 DEG C to 25 DEG C, with continuing to break up.The First Year of insemination and emergence, post is very thin, only 1 leaf；Leaf is big such as pin, title needle.Second Year has Single leaf 1-3 pieces, blade face expansion, claim ribbon leaf, put forth within the 3rd year and do not bloom, and claim " tree stump ".Put forth within 4th year and bloom, the florescence claims Lantern, fruiting period fruit is called " Eight Diagrams hammer ".In growth period, such as external environmental condition changes, and growth rhythm and respective change are entered Several tree stump are removed, the plant of Chinese enkianthus may retract double ribbons, a leaf stage.In Seedling Stage, both start to grow bulb, only The grain of rice is big, increases every year with plant development later.When more winter pear system Gan Xiya grows up unearthed, substantial amounts of nutrient is consumed, Gradually atrophy, into putamina, is commonly called as " water hull " or fire " imperial clothing " to scale.As on the ground, cauline leaf grows, new bulb volume, Body weight also constantly increases and gradually exceedes old bulb of surviving the winter.But if nutrient and sunlight are not enough, new bulb body also may be than old squama Cauline leaf is small without full.Part kind, bulb scale can form the innovation shoot of more than 1, produce several new bulbs, also have Walk stem or the aerial stem of plant produces new bulb.Requirement of the bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae to soil is stricter, it is desirable to which soil layer is deep, the loose fertilizer of quality It is fertile, it is native preferably rich in humus soil or oil-sand, avoid soil hardening, barren cohesive soil.In bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae growth period, pleasantly work as screening The moon, it is 50%-70% to be best suitable for shade density.Southwestern China area and Qinghai-Tibet height above sea level 2700-3000 are distributed in bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae more The alpine scrub of rice and grassy marshland area.Cold and cool climate condition is liked, with cold-resistant hygrophilous, fearness high humidity, the characteristic covered is liked, temperature is arrived Up to 30 DEG C or ground it is wet more than 25 DEG C when plant can wither.Height above sea level is low, and the high area of temperature can not survive.Entirely without the bar sheltered from heat or light Plant, seedling easily dries up in flakes, then survived in the high place of shade rate bad under part.Tendril-leaved fritillary bulb light requirement but avoid high light, because of high temperature and Arid is often adjoint with high light, and summer high temperature high light makes tendril-leaved fritillary bulb early withered.Under conditions of nice and cool, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, bulb development Well, quality is solid, in the local then undergrowth of concealment.

The crop cycle of two kinds of medicinal materials of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and Yunnan Paris polyphylla is all long, it is impossible to sufficiently utilize soil, it is impossible to obtain warp The double receipts for interests of helping, therefore need middle method between a kind of two kinds of medicinal materials of research.

The content of the invention：

Regarding to the issue above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan.

Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technical method is planted between the Yunnan Paris polyphylla of the present invention is：1st, selection of land, it is special according to the growth of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae Property, loosing soil is selected, rich in humus, moisturizing, shade, is beneficial to, the plot of draining；

2nd, cool canopy is built, shade is put up before sowing or transplanting, beating cave by 4 meters × 4 meters carries stake, can use timber or water Mud stake, the length of stake is 2.2 meters, and a diameter of 10-12 centimetres, it is 40 centimetres to load the depth in burying, and the top of stake and stake is used Iron wire is fixed, and the stake at edge will be toggled with iron wire, and the other end of iron wire is fastened into the oblique pull on small timber squeezes into Tu Zhonggu It is fixed, drawing on the village of iron wire, bedding shade density is 50%-70% sunshade net, after being considered as in solid ground sunshade net Easily draw in and deploy, wind big and snowy regional staggeredly plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, treats two kinds of medicinal material plant seedling in the winter time Afterwards, annual mid-October, sunshade net should be drawn in immediately, before Second Year is emerged April, then sunshade net unfolding is covered；

3rd, site preparation, land clearing will be carried out by choosing after planting site, harvest and impurity is conscientiously removed after preceding crop, residue, and It is net with burning, prevent or reduce the generation of coming year pest and disease damage；Behind clean ground, the farm manure fully become thoroughly decomposed is equably sprinkling upon ground On, every mu of 2000 to 3000 kilograms of use, while can select " metrifonate ", " chlopyrifos ", " blue or green chrysanthemum ester " waits one kind in agricultural chemicals Mix pesticide-clay mixture to spread fertilizer over the fields, operation instructions are defined formulation rate, somewhat increase, then 30 centimetres ploughed deeply with the last time with ox plough or tractor-ploughing, Existing insect and worm's ovum in thorough killing soil, insolation one month are optional during last time site preparation to eliminate worm's ovum, germ With " Bravo ", " zineb " " polyoxin ", " thiram ", " the mould profit of good fortune " bactericide carries out soil disinfection, it is ensured that soil without Germ, then soil in small, broken bits of raking, Soil tillage opens furrow after raking, according to the slope aspect bedding in plot, in favor of rainy season draining, is It is easy to management, furrow face should not be too wide, by wide 1.2 meters, high 25 centimetres of beddings, furrow ditch and encloses 30 centimetres of furrow width, communicates ditch ditch, And have delivery port；

4th, Yunnan Paris polyphylla nursery, 4-1, seedbed preparation, seedbed will select physical features higher, and draining is good, the ground rich in organic matter Block, is turned over, and 15cm is smooth to make a sound, and the wide 1.2m furrow widths 30cm in railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 25cm, ditch is unimpeded, beneficial to draining；4-2, seed selection and kind Subprocessing, selects full maturation, and disease-free and damage Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed, seed can not be dried or air-dried, the method for Seed Treatment There are three kinds：Method one, by seed and clean fine sand with 2:1 proportioning, rubbing removes exosper, many bacterium clean and with 500 times Spirit, which is invaded, is planted 1 hour, is embedded to wet sand, and 5-10 DEG C is handled 1.5 months, is then placed in 18-20 DEG C and is handled 3 months, places into 5-10 DEG C Processing 1.5 months, then be placed in 20-22 DEG C processing 1.5 months after sow, during this period it is noted that moisturizing；Method two, with clean Wet sand vernalization, seed is 1 with husky ratio:5, then the carbendazol wettable powder of seed weight 1% is admixed, mix uniform rear loading Urge in seedling frame, disposed within, vernalization humidity is maintained at 18 to 22 DEG C, checks once within every 15 days, keeps the humidity of sand in 30%- Between 40%, the right hand grab a sand hold it is agglomerating unclamp it is collecting and distributing be advisable, the Second Year April sand seed base-root germination after just may be used Sowing；Directly sowed after method three, seed harvesting；4-3, soil treatment, broadcast the carbendazol wettable powder of preceding every mu of use 50% 3-4kg, does fine earth and is spread on furrow face, is then turned over four limbs rake is shallow；4-4, sowing, by humic of the seed handled well by 5cm × 5cm Soil, in one layer of pine tag of lid or broken grass, thickness is advisable with not revealing soil, pours permeable, keeps moistening；4-5, scaffolding shelter from heat or light, Paris polyphylla and shellfish Mother is sheltered from heat or light after emerging with shade density for 70% shade net；4-6, water management, will keep seedbed wet during whole nursery Profit, the environment sheltered from heat or light avoids soil hardening, dries and excessive sunshine, 2/3 lid grass is thrown off after emerging together, after seed seedling-raising is emerged It can be transplanted Deng 3 years；4-7, Excision propagation, in the winter time will the Paris polyphylla subterranean stem without disease pest weight drought by saving 2cm cuttings on two, Can not be too short, otherwise emerge meticulous or do not emerge, wound is handled with plant ash, can be directly to big field plantation with terminal bud, no Stripping and slicing with terminal bud is planted by 7cm × 7cm, and pine tag or broken grass are covered after plantation, and keeps half shade environment, without terminal bud most Fortunately Second Year transfer after sprouting；

5th, fritillaria cirrhosa seeds cultivate with processing, 5-1, cultivate seed, September excavation fritillaria when, select more than diameter 1cm it is disease-free, Not damaged bulb is planted, and bulb is planted by large, medium and small, respectively, accomplish while dig while plants, every mu is used bulb 100kg, also can cave cultivation, Second Year rises after cultivation, before annual March emerges, and sprays glyphosate, after early April emerges, weeds out the rank grass in time, and apply dilute dung polluted water Water, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, then apply and once topdress, the 7-8 months, completely filled fruit expansion, shell yellowish-brown or brown, seed have been done Fruit is cut during slurry, fresh threshing is taken advantage of or carries out Aging storage with shell；5-2, Aging storage, the mull sieved with shell seed Soil, water content is less than in 10% 1 layer of fruit, one layer of soil, the ventilative wooden case of dress, let cool it is cool, at humidity, the seed and fertile soil of threshing By 1:In 4 proportionings, combined storage room or in ventilative wooden case, during storage, ground moistening is kept, skin expansion, about 40 days left sides is planted The right side, embryo length exceedes the seed longitudinal axis 2/3, and embryo tip completes embryo form after-ripening, can sowed in bending；5-3, sowing, 9-10 is below the moon Sow, drilling, disseminate or with capsule point valve program request before snow, bar broadcasting method is:Traverse furrow is opened in furrow face, deep 1.5-2 centimetres, will The seed for being mixed with fine earth or plant ash is uniformly spread in ditch, 3 centimetres of covering sieve mull, and is covered with mountain grass or nonleave tree branch Furrow face, every mu with 2-2.5 kilograms of seed；Spreading method is:Seed is uniformly spread on furrow face, with 3000 to 5000 every square metre Seed is advisable, and covers same drilling；Order method is:Take advantage of non-dry fruit real, be divided into three valves, opened in furrow face by 5-6 centimetres of plant spacing Cave, per cave 1 valve, 3 centimetres of overburden soil, after cultivation March emerge before should build shade, in order to avoid seed is withered, seed seedling stockaded village emerges It can be transplanted after 2 years；

6th, implantation methods, due to tendril-leaved fritillary bulb and Yunnan Paris polyphylla growth cycle difference, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae growth cycle is 4-5, Yunnan Paris polyphylla growth cycle 5-6, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae nursery 2 years, Yunnan Paris polyphylla nursery is transplanted after 3 years, because on plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla 1-2 ground On block, enter and in the ranks plant bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, it is specific between to plant method as follows:6-1, Yunnan Paris polyphylla transplanting time:Seedling, seedling to the Second Year that falls are emerged Preceding to transplant, because mid-October to early November is most appropriate, the Yunnan Paris polyphylla root system now transplanted destroys smaller, the device such as floral leaf Official not yet develops, and will be emerged then after transplanting, is grown after emerging vigorous；6-2, planting density:By the cm x 15 of seeding row spacing 15 Centimetre transplanted, every mu is planted 1.8 ten thousand -2.1 ten thousand plants；6-3, implantation methods, laterally ditch in furrow face, 4-6 centimetres of ditch depth, root Seedling is placed according to plantation specification, terminal bud bud point must upwards be placed, the soil that the second ditch is opened again covers previous ditch, such as such Push away, after finishing, with pine tag or rice straw mulching furrow face, thickness is advisable with not revealing soil, plays a part of heat and moisture preserving and anti-premature labor, plant After pour permeable, later according to soil, soil moisture content is watered, keep ground moistening；6-4, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae transplant planting, transplanting time are small Seedling, seedling to the Second Year that falls go out the equal class of soil moisture content before seedling and transplanted, because mid-October to early November is most appropriate, the Yunnan weight now transplanted Building root system destruction is smaller, and the organ such as floral leaf is not yet developed, and will be emerged then after transplanting, and vigorous, planting density is grown after emerging: Transplanted for 15 centimetres by 15 cm x of seeding row spacing, every mu is planted 1.8 ten thousand -2.1 ten thousand plants；Implantation methods:In plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla two Planted on the soil in year, method is as follows:In the middle of two horizontal row Yunnan Paris polyphylla plant of furrow face, by the cm x 15 of seeding row spacing 15 The small shallow pool for centimetre beating 4-6 centimetres of depth carries out cave and inserted, and one plant of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae seedling is put into per sugar, must by fritillaria terminal bud bud point to It is upper to place, take off flat with hand earthing, and so on, untill finishing, finish and pour once permeable, make the moisturizing of moisture in the soil face, with pine tag or barnyard manure Furrow face is covered, thickness is advisable not reveal soil, play moisturizing, insulation and the effect of anti-weeds, watered later according to soil moisture content, kept Ground moistening；

7th, the field management of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, 7-1, draining of watering, because the winter-spring season of Yunnan Province is more arid, Yunnan Paris polyphylla is every after being transplanted with bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae should to water 1 time for 10-15 days in time, soil moisture is maintained between 30%-40%, emerge Sprinkling irrigation can be used afterwards conditionally to increase before air humidity, the growth of promotion Yunnan Paris polyphylla, rainy season set it is noted that managing ditch, To keep draining unimpeded, it is noted that draining in rainy season, never furrow face ponding, the Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae rhizome by water dungeon is easy Rot, cause plant dead, yield is reduced；7-2, thinning are filled the gaps with seedlings, and thinning are carried out to planting site during mid or late May, while looking into the pool Fill a vacancy.Before seedling will first be watered, and seedling taking is prized with spud or scuppit, noted root water of being irrigated the fields when protection fibrous root is filled the gaps with seedlings, made full use of seedling, Ensure full stand and enough density；7-3 tillage and weedings, sprout because Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae root system are shallower, and in autumn and winter New root, the subterranean stem early growth period in intertillage it has to be noticed that before and after the 9-10 months, is gently intertilled, it is impossible to too deep with spud, in order to avoid Subterranean stem is injured, ridging is combined during tillage and weeding, it is necessary to winter top dressing is used in combination, before and after the beginning of spring, Miao ethnic group gradually grows, found miscellaneous Grass will be pulled out in time, and weeding is it is noted that seedling and subterranean stem should not be injured, in order to avoid influence Yunnan Paris polyphylla and fritillaria growth；7-4, chase after Fertilizer, the fertilising of Yunnan Paris polyphylla is aided with composite fertilizer and various trace-element fertilizers based on organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer includes what is fully become thoroughly decomposed Farm manure, family stores excrement, oil cake grass and plant ash, tangerine stalk etc., forbids applying night soil, organic fertilizer stack retting three months before administration More than, calcium superphosphate can be mixed, topdresses every mu 1500 kilograms every time, is respectively imposed 1 time mid-May and late August, it is organic applying While fertile, phosphorus, potassic fertilizer should be used cooperatively according to the growing state of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, fertile ratio is generally 0.5:1.2, Every mu of fertilising uses 25-30 kilograms, and fertilising uses perforated method.Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae grow animated period (June-September) at it can Carry out foliage dressing and promote plant strain growth, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and cloud big 120 are sprayed, match somebody with somebody 1 time within every 15 days, totally 3 times, spray Ying Qing It is carried out at dusk；

8th, fruit is extractd, Yunnan Paris polyphylla, the non-seed collecting of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae with hand should pluck fruit after the expansion of its calyx piece, allows nutrient Concentrate in its nutrient growth, promote root growth；

9th, shelter from heat or light, shade density control is in 50%-70% in principle, and harvest is no longer sheltered from heat or light then；

10th, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae pest control method is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae are preferably used all to use Chinese medicine Ecologic planting, if there is disease pest harm in growth course, should take it is early find early preventing and treating, control morning, control it is small, controlled, puted prevention first, it is comprehensive The policy of preventing and treating is closed, preferably with physics or biological control method, following methods one can be used if necessary:10-1, black class disease disease Evil produces circular scab since blade tip or base of leaf, scape is spread to sometimes, formation leaf is withered and stem is withered, prophylactico-therapeutic measures:Note row Water hydrofuge, reduces air humidity, mitigates morbidity；Early stage, sprays mycomycin or 5% bacterium water cleaning agent or beats methyl sulfur bacterium Clever suspending agent；10-2, rust, pathogeny both are from wheat crops, multiple to be born in the 5-7 months, prevention and controls:Away from wheat crops compared with Far, or be difficult by upper river wind attack plot plantation；Invalid tissue is removed during site preparation, pathogeny of surviving the winter is reduced；Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer or Field humidity is reduced, strengthens resistance against diseases, early stage spray 300 times of liquid of 0.2 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 97% sulfonat also may be used Prevented and treated with ambam or Tuzet；10-3, damping-off:Seedling is endangered, Mai Ji rainy seasons are betided, prevention and controls note row Water adjusts shade rate, overcast and rainy to take off canopy lid；Before and after onset, with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture sprinkling；10-4, root rot:The 5-6 months Occur, root jaundice is rotted, prevention and controls:Note draining, reduce soil moisture, pull out diseased plant and drench tank with 5% limewash, prevent from expanding Dissipate；10-5, insect pest, wireworm, grub, chafer, plant prevention and controls are endured water pouring with tobacco leaf and filled, every mu of 2.5 kilograms of tobacco leaf, 75 kilograms of stostes are boiled into, used time per kilogram stoste adds water 30 kilograms, or every mu of 0.5-1 kilograms of Niran missible oil of use 50%, in site preparation When mix soil or 500 kilograms be watered after emerging and fill soil preventing and treating；Cutworm:Food cauline leaf is stung, prevention and controls catch or used sooner or later 90% Trichlorphon mixes period poison bait；

11st, picking time, the picking time of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and Yunnan Paris polyphylla, harvesting in the 3rd year is optimal after should being planted between bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, and October- November, the Paris polyphylla aerial stem of plant in Yunnan was excavated after withering；

12nd, pick and process method, selection fine day excavation, clean hoe is first in furrow wing 20 centimetres of depths of excavation during excavation Ditch, then plane is dug order forward, is tried one's best during excavation and is avoided damage to rhizome, it is ensured that standing intact for rhizome, should accomplish Yunnan during excavation Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae classification class are put, and unearthed fritillaria can not be pinched in hand for a long time, in order to avoid become " foxy old hand ", after digging out and When, spread on bast mat, fritillaria is forgotten to avoid washing for solarization, avoid in masonry dam or ironware drying, stack retting is avoided, otherwise yellowing, in the process of drying In, such as unchanged powder of crust should not then be stirred, stirred with bamboo and wood device without hand, in order to avoid become " foxy old hand " or " Huang Zi ", with one day It can shine to half-dried or next day and dry preferably, such as the rainy day, fritillaria bulb can be dissolved in the less sandy soil of moisture content, treat that fine day is grabbed Suddenly dry, can also dry, temperature control loads gunnysack within 50 DEG C, after doing and shaken during baking, and stranding desliming is husky, and undesirable root is adopted The Yunnan Paris polyphylla taken removes soil and cauline leaf, and band terminal bud part is scaled off and gives over to seedling, remainder dryness in the sun or drying are beaten Bag loads gunnysack storage；

Beneficial effects of the present invention：By the plantation form to bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and Yunnan Paris polyphylla, biological characteristics, ecological habit and Contrast to soil climate requirement, is confirmed, and Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae are planted between being adapted to.This inter-species kind method can improve Yunnan Paris polyphylla With bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae income, and in same crop cycle, soil is taken full advantage of, double receipts of economic interests is obtained, preferably carries High economic benefit.

Embodiment：

Present embodiment uses following technical scheme：Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technical method is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan is：1st, selection of land, according to The growth characteristics of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, select loosing soil, rich in humus, moisturizing, shade, are beneficial to, the plot of draining；

The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims

1. bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae technology is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, it is characterised in that：(1), selection of land, according to the growth characteristics of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, Loosing soil is selected, rich in humus, moisturizing, shade, is beneficial to, the plot of draining；

(2) cool canopy, is built, shade is put up before sowing or transplanting, beating cave by 4 meters × 4 meters carries stake, can use timber or cement Stake, the length of stake is 2.2 meters, and a diameter of 10-12 centimetres, it is to use iron at the top of 40 centimetres, stake and stake to load the depth in burying Silk is fixed, and the stake at edge will be toggled with iron wire, and the other end of iron wire is fastened into the oblique pull on small timber squeezes into fixed in soil, Drawing on the village of iron wire, bedding shade density is 50%-70% sunshade net, easily received after being considered as in solid ground sunshade net Hold together and deploy, Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae are staggeredly planted in the big and snowy area of wind in the winter time, treat two kinds of medicinal material plant after seedling, often Year mid-October, sunshade net should be drawn in immediately, before Second Year is emerged April, then sunshade net unfolding be covered；

(3), site preparation, land clearing will be carried out by choosing after planting site, conscientiously remove impurity after harvest preceding crop, residue is used in combination Burn only, prevent or reduce the generation of coming year pest and disease damage；Behind clean ground, the farm manure fully become thoroughly decomposed is equably spread on the ground, Every mu of 2000 to 3000 kilograms of use, while can select " metrifonate ", " chlopyrifos ", " blue or green chrysanthemum ester " waits one kind in agricultural chemicals to mix poison Soil spreads fertilizer over the fields, and operation instructions are defined formulation rate, somewhat increase, then ploughs deeply 30 centimetres with ox plough or tractor-ploughing with the last time, thoroughly Existing insect and worm's ovum in killing soil, insolation one month, to eliminate worm's ovum, germ, can select " hundred during last time site preparation Bacterium is clear ", " zineb " " polyoxin ", " thiram ", " the mould profit of good fortune " bactericide carries out soil disinfection, it is ensured that soil without germ, Then soil in small, broken bits of raking, Soil tillage opens furrow after raking, according to the slope aspect bedding in plot, in favor of rainy season draining, in order to just In management, furrow face should not be too wide, by wide 1.2 meters, high 25 centimetres of beddings, furrow ditch and encloses 30 centimetres of furrow width, communicates ditch ditch, and have Delivery port；

(4), Yunnan Paris polyphylla nursery；(4-1), seedbed preparation, seedbed will select physical features higher, and draining is good, the ground rich in organic matter Block, is turned over, and 15cm is smooth to make a sound, and the wide 1.2m furrow widths 30cm in railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 25cm, ditch is unimpeded, beneficial to draining；(4-2), seed selection and Seed Treatment, selects full maturation, and disease-free and damage Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed, seed can not be dried or air-dried, the side of Seed Treatment Method has three kinds：Method one, by seed and clean fine sand with 2:1 proportioning, rubbing removes exosper, cleans and many with 500 times Bacterium spirit seed soaking 1 hour, is embedded to wet sand, and 5-10 DEG C is handled 1.5 months, is then placed in 18-20 DEG C and handles 3 months, places into 5-10 DEG C processing 1.5 months, then be placed in 20-22 DEG C processing 1.5 months after sow, during this period it is noted that moisturizing；Method two, with clean Wet sand vernalization, seed is 1 with husky ratio:5, then the carbendazol wettable powder of seed weight 1% is admixed, mix uniform rear dress Enter to urge in seedling frame, disposed within, vernalization humidity is maintained at 18 to 22 DEG C, checks once within every 15 days, keeps the humidity of sand to exist Between 30%-40%, the right hand grab a sand hold it is agglomerating unclamp it is collecting and distributing be advisable, the Second Year April sand seed base-root germination after Just it can sow；Directly sowed after method three, seed harvesting；(4-3), soil treatment, the carbendazim for broadcasting preceding every mu of use 50% are wettable Property pulvis 3-4kg, do fine earth and be spread on furrow face, then shallow turned over four limbs rake；(4-4), sowing, by the seed handled well by 5cm × 5cm fertile soil, in one layer of pine tag of lid or broken grass, thickness is advisable with not revealing soil, pours permeable, keeps moistening；(4-5), scaffolding hide The moon, Paris polyphylla and fritillaria are sheltered from heat or light after emerging with shade density for 70% shade net；(4-6), water management, during whole nursery Keep seedbed to moisten, the environment sheltered from heat or light avoids soil hardening, dry and excessive sunshine, 2/3 lid grass is thrown off after emerging together, is planted Sub- nursery is waited after emerging and can transplanted for 3 years；(4-7), Excision propagation, in the winter time will without disease pest weight drought Paris polyphylla subterranean stem press two Upper saving 2cm cuttings, it is impossible to too short, otherwise emerge meticulous or do not emerge, wound is handled with plant ash, can be directly to terminal bud Big field plantation, the stripping and slicing without terminal bud is planted by 7cm × 7cm, pine tag or broken grass is covered after plantation, and keep half shading ring Border, without the Second Year transfer preferably after budding of terminal bud；

(5), fritillaria cirrhosa seeds cultivate with processing, (5-1), cultivate seed, September excavation fritillaria when, select more than diameter 1cm it is disease-free, Not damaged bulb is planted, and bulb is planted by large, medium and small, respectively, accomplish while dig while plants, every mu is used bulb 100kg, also can cave cultivation, Second Year rises after cultivation, before annual March emerges, and sprays glyphosate, after early April emerges, weeds out the rank grass in time, and apply dilute dung polluted water Water, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, then apply and once topdress, the 7-8 months, completely filled fruit expansion, shell yellowish-brown or brown, seed have been done Fruit is cut during slurry, fresh threshing is taken advantage of or carries out Aging storage with shell；(5-2), Aging storage, the thin corruption sieved with shell seed Grow soil, water content is less than in 10% 1 layer of fruit, one layer of soil, the ventilative wooden case of dress, let cool it is cool, at humidity, the seed and humic of threshing Soil presses 1:In 4 proportionings, combined storage room or in ventilative wooden case, during storage, ground moistening is kept, skin expansion, about 40 days is planted Left and right, embryo length exceedes the seed longitudinal axis 2/3, and embryo tip completes embryo form after-ripening, can sowed in bending；(5-3), sowing, 9-10 The moon is sowed before snowing, and drilling, is disseminated or with capsule point valve program request, and bar broadcasting method is:Traverse furrow, deep 1.5-2 lis are opened in furrow face Rice, the seed for being mixed with fine earth or plant ash is uniformly spread in ditch, 3 centimetres of covering sieve mull, and with mountain is careless or nonleave tree Branch covering furrow face, every mu with 2-2.5 kilograms of seed；Spreading method is:Seed is uniformly spread on furrow face, arrived with every square metre 3000 5000 seeds are advisable, and cover same drilling；Order method is:Take advantage of non-dry fruit real, be divided into three valves, in furrow face by 5-6 centimetres of plant Spacing opens cave, per cave 1 valve, 3 centimetres of overburden soil, after cultivation March emerge before should build shade, in order to avoid seed is withered, seed seedling Stockaded village can be transplanted after emerging 2 years；

(6), implantation methods, due to tendril-leaved fritillary bulb and Yunnan Paris polyphylla growth cycle difference, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae growth cycle is 4-5, and Yunnan is weighed Building growth cycle 5-6, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae nursery 2 years, Yunnan Paris polyphylla nursery is transplanted after 3 years, because in plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla 1-2 plot On, enter and in the ranks plant bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, it is specific between to plant method as follows；(6-1), Yunnan Paris polyphylla transplanting time:Seedling, seedling to the Second Year that falls are emerged Preceding to transplant, because mid-October to early November is most appropriate, the Yunnan Paris polyphylla root system now transplanted destroys smaller, the device such as floral leaf Official not yet develops, and will be emerged then after transplanting, is grown after emerging vigorous；(6-2), planting density:By the cm x of seeding row spacing 15 15 centimetres are transplanted, and every mu is planted 1.8 ten thousand -2.1 ten thousand plants；(6-3), implantation methods, laterally ditch in furrow face, 4-6 lis of ditch depth Rice, seedling is placed according to plantation specification, must be placed terminal bud bud point upwards, the soil that the second ditch is opened again covers previous ditch, such as This analogizes, after finishing, with pine tag or rice straw mulching furrow face, and thickness is advisable with not revealing soil, plays the work of heat and moisture preserving and anti-premature labor With, pour permeable after cultivation, later according to soil, soil moisture content is watered, keep ground moistening；(6-4), bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae transplant planting, are transplanted Time, seedling, seedling to the Second Year that falls go out the equal class of soil moisture content before seedling and transplanted, because mid-October to early November is most appropriate, this time shift The Yunnan Paris polyphylla root system destruction of cultivation is smaller, and the organ such as floral leaf is not yet developed, and will be emerged then after transplanting, grown after emerging it is vigorous, Planting density:Transplanted for 15 centimetres by 15 cm x of seeding row spacing, every mu is planted 1.8 ten thousand -2.1 ten thousand plants；Implantation methods:In plantation Yunnan Paris polyphylla is planted on the soil of 2 years, and method is as follows:In the middle of two horizontal row Yunnan Paris polyphylla plant of furrow face, by seeding row spacing 15 The small shallow pool progress cave that 15 centimetres of cm x beats 4-6 centimetres of depth is inserted, and is put into one plant of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae seedling per sugar, must be pushed up fritillaria Bud bud point is placed upwards, takes off flat with hand earthing, and so on, untill finishing, finish and pour once permeable, make the moisturizing of moisture in the soil face, with pine Hair or barnyard manure covering furrow face, thickness are advisable with not revealing soil, moisturizing, insulation and the effect of anti-weeds are played, later according to soil moisture content Water, keep ground moistening；

(7), the field management of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae；(7-1), draining of watering, because the winter-spring season of Yunnan Province is more arid, Yunnan Paris polyphylla is every after being transplanted with bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae should to water 1 time for 10-15 days in time, soil moisture is maintained between 30%-40%, emerge Sprinkling irrigation can be used afterwards conditionally to increase before air humidity, the growth of promotion Yunnan Paris polyphylla, rainy season set it is noted that managing ditch, To keep draining unimpeded, it is noted that draining in rainy season, never furrow face ponding, the Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae rhizome by water dungeon is easy Rot, cause plant dead, yield is reduced；(7-2), thinning are filled the gaps with seedlings, and are carried out thinning to planting site during mid or late May, are looked into simultaneously Fill a vacancy on the pool；Before seedling will first be watered, and seedling taking is prized with spud or scuppit, noted root water of being irrigated the fields when protection fibrous root is filled the gaps with seedlings, made full use of small Seedling, it is ensured that full stand and enough density；(7-3) tillage and weeding, because Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae root system are shallower, and in autumn and winter New root is sprouted, the subterranean stem early growth period in intertillage it has to be noticed that before and after the 9-10 months is gently intertilled, it is impossible to too deep with spud, In case injury subterranean stem, will combine ridging, it is necessary to winter top dressing is used in combination, before and after the beginning of spring, Miao ethnic group gradually grows, send out during tillage and weeding Existing weeds will pull out in time, and weeding is it is noted that seedling and subterranean stem should not be injured, in order to avoid influence Yunnan Paris polyphylla and fritillaria growth；(7- 4), topdress, the fertilising of Yunnan Paris polyphylla is aided with composite fertilizer and various trace-element fertilizers based on organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer includes abundant The farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, family stores excrement, oil cake grass and plant ash, tangerine stalk etc., forbids applying night soil, organic fertilizer stack retting before administration More than three months, calcium superphosphate can be mixed, is topdressed every mu 1500 kilograms every time, is respectively imposed 1 time, applying mid-May and late August While using organic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassic fertilizer should be used cooperatively according to the growing state of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, fertile ratio is generally 0.5:1.2, apply fertilizer every mu and use 25-30 kilograms, fertilising uses perforated method.Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae grow animated period at it to be entered Row foliage dressing promotes plant strain growth, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and cloud big 120 are sprayed, and matches somebody with somebody 1 time within every 15 days, totally 3 times, spraying should be in fine day Carry out at dusk；

(8) fruit, is extractd, Yunnan Paris polyphylla, the non-seed collecting of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae with hand should pluck fruit after the expansion of its calyx piece, allows nutrient collection In in its nutrient growth, promote root growth；

(9), shelter from heat or light, shade density control is in 50%-70% in principle, and harvest is no longer sheltered from heat or light then；

(10) bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae pest control method, is planted between the Paris polyphylla of Yunnan, Yunnan Paris polyphylla and bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae preferably use life all to use Chinese medicine State is planted, if there is disease pest harm in growth course, should take it is early find early preventing and treating, control morning, control it is small, controlled, puted prevention first, it is comprehensive The policy of preventing and treating, preferably with physics or biological control method, can use following methods one if necessary:(10-1), black class disease disease Evil produces circular scab since blade tip or base of leaf, scape is spread to sometimes, formation leaf is withered and stem is withered, prophylactico-therapeutic measures:Note row Water hydrofuge, reduces air humidity, mitigates morbidity；Early stage, sprays mycomycin or 5% bacterium water cleaning agent or beats methyl sulfur bacterium Clever suspending agent；(10-2), rust, pathogeny both are from wheat crops, multiple to be born in the 5-7 months, prevention and controls:Away from wheat crops compared with Far, or be difficult by upper river wind attack plot plantation；Invalid tissue is removed during site preparation, pathogeny of surviving the winter is reduced；Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer or Field humidity is reduced, strengthens resistance against diseases, early stage spray 300 times of liquid of 0.2 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 97% sulfonat also may be used Prevented and treated with ambam or Tuzet；(10-3), damping-off:Seedling is endangered, Mai Ji rainy seasons are betided, prevention and controls note Draining adjusts shade rate, overcast and rainy to take off canopy lid；Before and after onset, with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture sprinkling；(10-4), root rot:5- June occurs, and root jaundice is rotted, prevention and controls:Note draining, reduce soil moisture, pull out diseased plant and drench tank with 5% limewash, prevent Only spread；(10-5), insect pest, wireworm, grub, chafer, plant prevention and controls endure water with tobacco leaf and drench filling, every mu of tobacco leaf 2.5 Kilogram, 75 kilograms of stostes are boiled into, used time per kilogram stoste adds water 30 kilograms, or every mu of 0.5-1 kilograms of Niran missible oil of use 50%, in Soil is mixed during site preparation or 500 kilograms are watered after emerging and fills soil preventing and treating；Cutworm:Food cauline leaf is stung, prevention and controls catch or used sooner or later 90% trichlorphon mixes period poison bait；

(11), picking time, the picking time of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae and Yunnan Paris polyphylla, harvesting in the 3rd year is optimal after should being planted between bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, October -11 Excavated after month Yunnan Paris polyphylla aerial stem of plant is withered；

(12), pick and process method, selection fine day excavation, clean hoe first excavates the ditch of 20 centimetres of depths in furrow wing during excavation, Then plane is dug order forward, is tried one's best during excavation and is avoided damage to rhizome, it is ensured that standing intact for rhizome, should accomplish Yunnan Paris polyphylla during excavation Put with bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae classification class, unearthed fritillaria can not be pinched in hand for a long time, in order to avoid become " foxy old hand ", after digging out in time, stand It is put on bast mat, shines fritillaria and forget to avoid washing, avoids in masonry dam or ironware drying, avoid stack retting, otherwise yellowing, during drying, such as The unchanged powder of crust, then should not stir, and stir with bamboo and wood device without hand, in order to avoid becoming " foxy old hand " or " Huang Zi ", can be shone extremely with one day Half-dried or next day is dried preferably, such as the rainy day, and fritillaria bulb can be dissolved in the less sandy soil of moisture content, treat fine day grab it is anxious dry, Also it can dry, temperature control loads gunnysack within 50 DEG C, after doing and shaken during baking, rub desliming sand with the hands, undesirable root excavates the Yunnan taken Paris polyphylla removes soil and cauline leaf, and band terminal bud part is scaled off and gives over to seedling, remainder dryness in the sun or drying, packing or loading Gunnysack is preserved.