CN106386153A - Rapid high-yield culture technique for typhonium giganteum - Google Patents
Rapid high-yield culture technique for typhonium giganteum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting and in particular relates to a rapid high-yield culture technique for typhonium giganteum. The rapid high-yield culture technique for the typhonium giganteum comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a planting site; S2, building a sunshelter; S3, carrying out land consolidation and soil treatment; S4, flatting land and bedding; S5, carrying out seed seedling raising; S6, transplanting young seedlings; S7, transplanting big seedlings; S8, carrying out field management; and S9, carrying out pest control. The rapid high-yield culture technique for the typhonium giganteum, provided by the invention, has the advantages that a production period of 9-10 years from seeds to a medicinal material finished product during the conventional cultivation of the typhonium giganteum is shortened to 6.5 years, and time is shortened by 2.5-3.5 years; and rational close planting is carried out, so that land, an implanting material and equipment are saved, water and fertilizer use efficiency is improved, and productivity is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine plant field is and in particular to a kind of Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique.
Background technology
Rhizoma Paridis (Paris polyphylla var yunnanensis (Fr) Hand.-Mazz.) are Liliales Trillium tschonoskii Maxims
Section (Trilliaceae) herbaceos perennial, because main product is gained the name in Yunnan.Rhizoma Paridis are herbaceos perennial, its medicine
It is sturdy underground root stock with position, the high 20～100cm of overground part stem.Leaf usual 5 to 11 pieces verticillate, green, be obovate
Or lanceolar.Hua Yiduo, both sexes, extract out from cane top, and, in impeller central authorities, petal is thread, yellow green for basidixed.Stamen 2～4
Wheel, 8～12 pieces.Ovary is subsphaeroidal, green, has rib or wing, Room 1.Really subsphaeroidal, seed is most, and ovoid has scarlet outer kind
Skin.4～July of florescence, really 9～November cracking.Rhizoma Paridis have the habit of " preferably shady fear is shone, happiness is wet avoid dry ", and happiness is moistening, the ring that covers
Border, well-grown in the acidity good in draining, soil layer is deep, humus enrich or subacidity sandy loam.Suitable growth is in sea
Pull out as 1400～3100m, average temperature of the whole year is 12～15 DEG C, the inclined cool and cold climate of annual rainfall 1100～1400mm.
Rhizoma Paridis have important medical value, are widely used in producing various Chinese medicines and clinic, are the important biography of China
System Chinese crude drug.Rhizoma Paridis are main group of patent medicine of famous Chinese patent medicine YUNNAN BAIYAO, jidesheng sheyao tabletses, GONGXUENING JIAONANG etc.
Thing.In 24 kinds of world Rhizoma Paridis, with Rhizoma Paridis medical value highest, best in quality, be《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》The Chinese crude drug weight of regulation
One of the Original plant in building.Because its medical value is high, among the people dig excessively serious, wild resource faces exhaustion, and medicinal part life
Long period is long, is difficult to meet medicinal requirements in the short time.
Since this century, the sales volume with the Chinese patent medicine with Rhizoma Paridis as raw material increases, and production scale of enterprise constantly expands,
Wild resource is led to excessively to be excavated.Because consumption has exceeded well over natural increment, Rhizoma Paridis are caused to become scarce resource.Nearly ten
Nian Lai, the artificial culture of Rhizoma Paridis is gradually taken seriously.Many R＆D institutions have all carried out Rhizoma Paridis artificial cultivation technique in succession
Research, and the Lijing in Yunnan Province, Dali, Chuxiong etc. multiplely, state set up the domesticating and cultivating base of Rhizoma Paridis.Through for many years
Development, the artificial growth of Rhizoma Paridis takes on a certain scale, but there is many difficulties and development bottleneck, is mainly manifested in seedling numerous
Educate the aspects such as technical difficulty is big, crop cycle length, management technique have high demands, production cost high, fund input is big.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique, in order to shorten Rhizoma Paridis
Production cycle, improve production capacity.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique, comprises the following steps：
S1, the selection of planting site
Select that physical features is gentle, irrigate that convenient, draining is good, containing humus are more, that the content of organic matter is higher is loose fertile
Chiltern black loam or the field of red soil make planting site；
S2, build cool canopy
Beat cave by 4 × 4m on the field chosen and plant stake, stake is timber or concrete stake, the length of stake is 3m, a diameter of 12
～15cm, is beating cross-hole at the top 20cm of stake, the middle 80cm that buries is being planted in described stake, solid with iron wire between stake and stake
Calmly, the stake iron wire positioned at edge toggles, and the other end of iron wire is fastened oblique pull on little timber and squeezes into fixation in soil；Drawing ferrum
In the stake of silk, bedding sunshade net, described sunshade net can draw in and launch；
S3, consolidation and soil treatment
Ground clearing debris, the residue of cool canopy will be put up, and net with burning, then every mu apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～
3000kg, deep plough 30cm, is exposed to the sun one month, spreads fertilizer over the fields antibacterial and carry out soil disinfection, finally soil of raking in small, broken bits；
S4, level land bedding
Soil tillage opens furrow after raking, by wide 1.2m, high 25cm bedding, furrow ditch and to enclose furrow width be all 30cm, and open up
There is outlet；
S5, seed seedling-raising
Wash away sarcocarp by planting the fruit harvesting when skin becomes cold red sauce after Rhizoma Paridis capsule cracking, dry, obtain seed；Press
Weight ratio is, seed:Husky:Carbendazim=1:5:Loading after 0.01 ratio mix homogeneously urges in Seedling frame, accelerating germination disposed within, protects
Hold indoor temperature be 18～22 DEG C, husky humidity be 30～40%, check once within every 15 days；
In Second Year March, sprout when seed base-root and reach 50%, sowed；
By the seed uniform broadcasting after accelerating germination in ready furrow face, every square metre is broadcasted sowing 750～850 seeds；?
The mixture of one layer of fertile soil and plant ash is covered on the seedbed after scattering seeds, fertile soil with the weight ratio of plant ash is, rotten
Grow soil:Plant ash=1:1；Earthing 1～2cm is thick again, covers one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass, pour permeable in furrow face, then in furrow face overlying
Lid mulch film moisture-keeping, heat；
May starts to emerge successively；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in furrow face, repave one layer of Folium Pini or
Broken grass；
3rd year, when Rhizoma Paridis seedling forms obvious rhizome and has 3～5 leaves, transplanted；
S6, little transplantation of seedlings
In August, the 3rd to September, by spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, transplanted, often by the ditch laterally opening 4～6cm in furrow face
3.0～3.2 ten thousand plants of mu plantation, the shade density of sunshade net is adjusted to 40%；5th year, Rhizoma Paridis seedling was cultivated into Rhizoma Paridis
Seedlings；
S7, tree transplanted
In August, the 5th, to September, is transplanted by the ditch that spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 30cm laterally open 10～15cm in furrow face, often
0.9～1.1 ten thousand plants of mu plantation, the shade density of sunshade net is adjusted to 40%；Cultivation 2 years, Rhizoma Paridis plant blossom is set seeds, root
Stem reaches the requirement of standard medical material；
S8, field management
After Rhizoma Paridis are transplanted, winter and every 15 days of spring pour a water, keep soil water content to be 30～40%, emerge
Afterwards, air themperature is increased using sprinkling irrigation；Draining to be strengthened in rainy season, never furrow face hydrops；
In the seed seedling-raising phase, see that grass just removes, accomplish to pull out early pull out little；After transplanting, first removed miscellaneous around Rhizoma Paridis plant with hand-lifting
Grass, more gently remove weeds with special spud, aerial partss and the fibrous root of Rhizoma Paridis can not be injured when hoeing up weeds；Middle weeding will be with
Loosen the soil to combine and carry out；
S9, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Root rot is prevented and treated：After Rhizoma Paridis are emerged, with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L and 25% carbendazol wettable powder 250
Times liquid by volume 1:Spray after 1 mixing；Applied with 1% (m/v) copperas solution or quick lime in root rot their early stage
Carry out disinfection in sick cave or water with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or with 200 times of lime waters；
Damping off is prevented and treated：Their early stage is with the spray preventing and treating of 300 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder or with bacterium more than 50%
Clever 500 times of liquid spray, and spray 1 time within every 7 days, even spray 2～3 times；After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with 500 times of liquid pouring diseases of copper sulfate
Area；
Leaf blight is prevented and treated：Their early stage, with 200 times of Bordeaux mixture spraying preventing and treatings；
Pest control：Cutworm prevents and treats, and every mu of use 90% metrifonate 50～70g mixes the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or every mu
Spread fertilizer over the fields and mix, with 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg, the poison bait that fresh vegetable leaf 5kg makes；Chafer prevents and treats, with 800～1000 times of decis
Liquid or 6% dichlorvos spray nail, once, side is sprayed 3 times for spray in 3～5 days；In Rhizoma Paridis, after seedling is together rooted out together with weeds, effectively subtracts
Worm sources of surviving the winter less and source of disease.
It is preferable that step S3 is additionally included in applies farm manure in the Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique that the present invention provides
While spread fertilizer over the fields metrifonate or chlopyrifos or cyanogen chrysanthemum fat.
The present invention provide Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique in it is preferable that it is characterized in that, described in step S3
Antibacterial be one or more of Bravo, zineb, polyoxin, thiram or procymidone.
It is preferable that step S6 and S7 move as follows in the Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique that the present invention provides
Plant：
1) after Rhizoma Paridis Seedling takes, its rhizome position is soaked 30 minutes in 5% carbendazim solution, take out and dry in the air to not
Dropping liquid；
2) laterally ditch in furrow face, excavate plantation ditch by plantation specification and place Rhizoma Paridis Seedling, the soil that the second ditch excavates out
Cover previous ditch, by that analogy；After transplanting, with Folium Pini or rice straw mulching furrow face；Then watered according to soil moisture content, keep soil wet
Profit；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in furrow face, repaves one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass.
It is preferable that step S8 is additionally included in annual 5 months in the Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique that the present invention provides
Ten days and late August respectively apply a fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500kg every time, apply carbamide 10kg, peroxophosphoric acid for every mu simultaneously
Calcium 20kg and potassium sulfate 12kg；In July to August, spray foliage fertilizer in the fine day dusk, spray within every 10～15 days 1 time, spray 3 times altogether.Enter
Preferably, described foliage fertilizer is one of 0.5% (m/v) carbamide and 0.2% (m/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate or two kinds to one step.
In the Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique in present invention offer that the present invention provides, the breeding of Rhizoma Paridis, also
Asexual propagation can be carried out using rhizome stripping and slicing, the method falls after seedling for Rhizoma Paridis, takes Rhizoma Paridis rhizome, by perpendicular to rhizome master
Direction of principal axis, to carry cutting at terminal bud part section length 3～4cm, wound dips in plant ash or quick lime, subsequently according to the mark of field planting
Quasi- cultivation, Second Year spring just can emerge, and remainder can be made medical material and sell.After cultivation 3 years, then cut terminal bud and to breed, its
Remaining part is divided and can be made medical material sale.
Routinely plant, Rhizoma Paridis need the production cycle of 9～10 years from seed to medical material finished product.The present invention passes through at accelerating germination
Reason, stage by stage plantation, every year paving are applied moisture in the soil face covering, gradually reduce the cultivation steps such as shade density, the production cycle of Rhizoma Paridis
Shorten to 6.5 years, save the time of 2.5-3.5；, in the seed seedling-raising stage, 0.07 hectare can output seedling 400,000 for the present invention
Strain；It is available for second stage and plants 13 mu, the phase III plants 40 mu, Benefit；And ten thousand plants of every mu of 3.0-3.2 of second stage
Planting density, saves 2/3 soil, planting material, equipment, water and fertilizer than general planting, saves a large amount of labour costs simultaneously
With；Improve liquid manure utilization ratio, increased production capacity.
Specific embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.Here is it should be noted that implement for these
The explanation of mode is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.Additionally, invention described below
As long as involved technical characteristic does not constitute conflict each other and just can be mutually combined in each embodiment.
A kind of Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique, comprises the following steps：
S1, the selection of planting site
Select that physical features is gentle, irrigate that convenient, draining is good, containing humus are more, that the content of organic matter is higher is loose fertile
Chiltern black loam or the field of red soil make planting site；Plant Rhizoma Paridis in such plot, its yield is high, quality better,
Never plant in barren easily hardened soil.
S2, build cool canopy
Rhizoma Paridis belong to ombrophyte, avoid high light direct projection, should put up shading shed before sowing or transplanting.In the field chosen
Above beat cave by 4 × 4m and plant stake, stake is timber or concrete stake, the length of stake is 3m, a diameter of 12～15cm, on the top apart from stake
Beat cross-hole at 20cm, the middle 80cm that buries is planted in described stake, is fixed with iron wire between stake and stake, positioned at the stake iron wire at edge
Toggle, the other end of iron wire is fastened oblique pull on little timber and squeezes into fixation in soil；In the stake having drawn iron wire, bedding sunshade net,
Described sunshade net can draw in and launch；The big and snowy area plantation Rhizoma Paridis of wind in the winter time, plant to be planted falls after seedling (in 10 months
Ten days), in time sunshade net should be drawn in, before Second Year April emerges, then sunshade net unfolding be covered.
S3, consolidation and soil treatment
Choose land clearing to be carried out after planting site, ground clearing debris, the residue of cool canopy will be put up, and with burning
Only, prevent or reduce the generation of coming year pest and disease damage.Then apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000kg for every mu, select metrifonate simultaneously
Mix " pesticide-clay mixture " and spread fertilizer over the fields (formulation rate is defined by operation instructions somewhat to be increased), then plough deeply 30cm with cattle plough or tractor-ploughing, be exposed to the sun one
Month, thoroughly kill existing insect and worm's ovum in soil；Spread fertilizer over the fields fungicide chlorothalonil and carry out soil disinfection, finally soil of raking in small, broken bits
Earth；
S4, level land bedding
Soil tillage opens furrow after raking, and according to the slope aspect mountain shape bedding in plot, is beneficial to rainy season draining.For the ease of management
Furrow face should not be too wide, by wide 1.2m, high 25cm bedding, furrow ditch and to enclose furrow width be all 30cm, and so that ditch ditch is communicated, and offer out
The mouth of a river；
S5, seed seedling-raising
Rhizoma Paridis seed has obvious afterripening, and embryo needs dormancy to complete after-ripening could to sprout.In the case of nature
Could be unearthed seedling through two winters, and emergence rate is relatively low.The seed of Rhizoma Paridis is mostly ripe in 9, October, plants for promoting
Sub- germination, plants when skin becomes red sauce after capsule cracking and is harvested.Skin will be planted after Rhizoma Paridis capsule cracking and become cold beans
The fruit harvesting when red washes away sarcocarp, dries, and obtains seed；With wet sand method accelerating germination, it is by weight, seed:Husky:Carbendazim=
1:5:Loading after 0.01 ratio mix homogeneously urges in Seedling frame, disposed within, and holding indoor temperature is 18～22 DEG C, husky humidity
For 30～40%, check once within every 15 days；
In Second Year March, sprout when seed base-root and reach 50%, sowed；
By the seed uniform broadcasting after accelerating germination in ready furrow face, every square metre is broadcasted sowing 750～850 seeds；?
The mixture of one layer of fertile soil and plant ash is covered on the seedbed after scattering seeds, fertile soil with the weight ratio of plant ash is, rotten
Grow soil:Plant ash=1:1；Earthing 1～2cm is thick again, covers one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass, pour permeable in furrow face, then in furrow face overlying
Lid mulch film moisture-keeping, heat；Using constant temperature accelerating germination, seed covers black mulch film with entering, and shortens seedling-growing time, improves and emerges
Rate.
May starts to emerge successively；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, repave one layer of Folium Pini in furrow face
Or broken grass；
3rd year, when Rhizoma Paridis seedling forms obvious rhizome and has 3～5 leaves, transplanted；
S6, little transplantation of seedlings
In August, the 3rd to September, when that is, Rhizoma Paridis seedling forms obvious rhizome and has 3～5 leaves, by spacing in the rows 10cm,
Line-spacing 15cm, the ditch laterally opening 4～6cm in furrow face is transplanted, and plants 3.0～3.2 ten thousand plants, by the shade density of sunshade net for every mu
It is adjusted to 40%；Transplanted using this all method when transplanting：1) after Rhizoma Paridis seedling takes, by its rhizome position 5%
Carbendazim solution in soak 30 minutes, take out dry in the air to No drip type；
2) laterally ditch in furrow face, excavate plantation ditch by plantation specification and place Rhizoma Paridis seedling, the second ditch excavates out
Soil covers previous ditch, by that analogy；After transplanting, with Folium Pini or rice straw mulching furrow face；Then watered according to soil moisture content, keep soil wet
Profit；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in furrow face, repaves one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass.5th year, Rhizoma Paridis seedling was trained
It has been bred as Rhizoma Paridis seedlings；
S7, tree transplanted
In August, the 5th, to September, is transplanted by the ditch that spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 30cm laterally open 10～15cm in furrow face, often
0.9～1.1 ten thousand plants of mu plantation, the shade density of sunshade net is adjusted to 40%；Carry out Rhizoma Paridis tree transplanted as follows：1)
After Rhizoma Paridis seedlings take, its rhizome position is soaked 30 minutes in 5% carbendazim solution, take out and dry in the air to No drip type；
2) laterally ditch in furrow face, excavate plantation ditch by plantation specification and place Rhizoma Paridis seedling, the second ditch excavates out
Soil covers previous ditch, by that analogy；After transplanting, with Folium Pini or rice straw mulching furrow face；Then watered according to soil moisture content, keep soil wet
Profit；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in furrow face, repaves one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass；
Cultivation 2 years, Rhizoma Paridis plant blossom is set seeds, and rhizome reaches the requirement of standard medical material, per mu yield dry product Rhizoma Paridis 300kg.
S8, field management
After Rhizoma Paridis are transplanted, winter and every 15 days of spring pour a water, keep soil water content to be 30～40%, emerge
Afterwards, air themperature is increased using sprinkling irrigation；Draining to be strengthened in rainy season, never furrow face hydrops；Suffer the Rhizoma Paridis rhizome of waterlogging
Perishable, lead to plant dead, yield reduces.
In the seed seedling-raising phase, seedling is very delicate, sees that grass just removes, accomplish to pull out early pull out little；After transplanting, first remove Rhizoma Paridis with hand-lifting
Plant Weeds Around, more gently remove weeds with special spud, aerial partss and the fibrous root of Rhizoma Paridis can not be injured when hoeing up weeds；In
Weeding will be carried out with loosening the soil to combine；
The fertilising of Rhizoma Paridis, based on fertilizer, is aided with compound fertilizer and various trace-element fertilizer.Fertilizer is fully rotten
Ripe farm manure, oil cake, plant ash and straw.Respectively apply a fertilizer in annual mid-May and late August, apply for every mu every time
Fertilizer 1500kg, applies carbamide 10kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg and potassium sulfate 12kg for every mu simultaneously；In July to August, in fine day
Spray foliage fertilizer at dusk, spray within every 10～15 days 1 time, spray 3 times altogether.Foliage fertilizer is 0.5% (m/v) carbamide and 0.2% (m/v) phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen, its volume ratio is 1:1.
S9, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The root rot disease symptom of Rhizoma Paridis starts to decay from affected part for rhizome, and early stage plant does not show symptom, after
Phase, with the aggravation of butt rot degree, absorbs moisture and the function of nutrient gradually weakens, supply falls short of demand because of nutrient for aerial partss,
When illumination is strong at noon, evaporation capacity is big, plant upper blade occurs wilting, but night can recover again.Finally whole root
Stem rot is rotten, and here ground plant withers, gradually withered.It is big that pathogenic factor is mainly 6-7 month field humidity, hydrops, and temperature is high and rhizome
There is wound, be subject to pathogen infection institute extremely.
Root rot is prevented and treated：After Rhizoma Paridis are emerged, with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L and 25% carbendazol wettable powder 250
Times liquid presses 1:Spray after 1 mixing；Applied in sick cave with 1% (m/v) copperas solution or quick lime in root rot their early stage
Carry out disinfection or watered with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 200 times of lime waters；
The disease symptom of damping off is (also has from stem in the middle part of sense patient) susceptible from basal part of stem, just for water stain shape, and quickly
Extension, sick portion invariant color or be in yellowish-brown, patient's condition quickly grows, i.e. from basal part of stem (or stem before cotyledon is still green, wilts
Portion) lodge and be affixed on furrow face, site of pathological change is mixed with stink.Disease starts often only indivedual seedling morbidities, with this when condition is suitable for
Centered on a little diseased plants, spread to surrounding extension rapidly, form one piece one piece of lesion.Pathogenic factor is mainly fungus in soil, amasss
Water.
Damping off is prevented and treated：Their early stage is with the spray preventing and treating of 300 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder or with bacterium more than 50%
Clever 500 times of liquid spray, and spray 1 time within every 7 days, even spray 2～3 times；After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with 500 times of liquid pouring diseases of copper sulfate
Area；
Leaf blight main harm blade, secondly harm stem, bennet and capsule and subterraneous stem, causes subterraneous stem rotten to the corn.
Leaf blight is prevented and treated：Their early stage, with 200 times of Bordeaux mixture spraying preventing and treatings；
It is cutworm and chafer and its larva Holotrichia diomphalia Batess that Rhizoma Paridis produce the upper main insect pest finding.Cutworm causes harm, hinders
The stem of food Rhizoma Paridis and rhizome, are allowed to lodge or become irregular pothole；Chafer stings food blade, causes to incise, cavity, seriously
When eat up blade, leave behind vein.
Pest control：Cutworm prevents and treats, and every mu of use 90% metrifonate 50～70g mixes 20kg, and carefully tide spreads fertilizer over the fields, or every mu is spread
Apply 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg and mix the poison bait that fresh vegetable leaf 5kg makes；Chafer prevents and treats, with 800～1000 times of liquid of decis
Or 6% dichlorvos spray nail, 3～5 days spray once, side spray 3 times；In Rhizoma Paridis, after seedling is together rooted out together with weeds, effectively reduces
Worm sources of surviving the winter and source of disease.The technology such as lure also to be effectively reduced worm sources using photo-induction, sex seduction and property, mitigate harm.
The present invention adopts three stage cultivations, shortens the production cycle, improves production capacity；Rational close planting, has saved production
Cost, improves land utilization ratio；In Rhizoma Paridis growth cycle, gradually reduce shade density, make the thick and strong hard bundle of Rhizoma Paridis plant, increase
Strong resistance, promotes dry-matter accumulation；Apply the coverings such as Folium Pini in the annual paving of furrow face, play insulation, protect tide and reduce weeds
Effect, has saved human cost.
Above embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail, but the invention is not restricted to described embodiment.Right
For those skilled in the art, in the case of without departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, these embodiments are carried out many
Plant change, modification, replace and modification, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, the selection of planting site
Selection physical features is gentle, irrigation is convenient, draining is good, contain the loose fertile sand that humus are more, the content of organic matter is higher
Planting site is made in the field of matter black loam or red soil；
S2, build cool canopy
Beat cave by 4 × 4m on the field chosen and plant stake, stake is timber or concrete stake, the length of stake is 3m, a diameter of 12～
15cm, is beating cross-hole at the top 20cm of stake, the middle 80cm that buries is being planted in described stake, solid with iron wire between stake and stake
Calmly, the stake iron wire positioned at edge toggles, and the other end of iron wire is fastened oblique pull on little timber and squeezes into fixation in soil；Drawing ferrum
In the stake of silk, bedding sunshade net, described sunshade net can draw in and launch；
S3, consolidation and soil treatment
Ground clearing debris, the residue of cool canopy will be put up, and net with burning, then every mu apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～
3000kg, deep plough 30cm, is exposed to the sun one month, spreads fertilizer over the fields antibacterial and carry out soil disinfection, finally soil of raking in small, broken bits；
S4, level land bedding
Soil tillage opens furrow after raking, by wide 1.2m, high 25cm bedding, furrow ditch and to enclose furrow width be all 30cm, and offer out
The mouth of a river；
S5, seed seedling-raising
Wash away sarcocarp by planting the fruit harvesting when skin becomes cold red sauce after Rhizoma Paridis capsule cracking, dry, obtain seed；By weight
Than for seed:Husky:Carbendazim=1:5:Loading after 0.01 ratio mix homogeneously urges in Seedling frame, accelerating germination disposed within, keeps room
Interior temperature is 18～22 DEG C, husky humidity is 30～40%, checks once within every 15 days；
In Second Year March, sprout when seed base-root and reach 50%, sowed；
By the seed uniform broadcasting after accelerating germination in ready furrow face, every square metre is broadcasted sowing 750～850 seeds；Broadcasting sowing
The mixture of one layer of fertile soil and plant ash is covered on the seedbed after seed, fertile soil with the weight ratio of plant ash is, fertile soil:
Plant ash=1:1；Earthing 1～2cm is thick again, covers one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass, pour permeable in furrow face, then covering with plastic film in furrow face
Moisturizing, heat；
May starts to emerge successively；Entering the winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure, repave one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass in furrow face；
3rd year, when Rhizoma Paridis seedling forms obvious rhizome and has 3～5 leaves, transplanted；
S6, little transplantation of seedlings
In August, the 3rd to September, by spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, transplanted, every mu of kind by the ditch laterally opening 4～6cm in furrow face
Plant 3.0～3.2 ten thousand plants, the shade density of sunshade net is adjusted to 40%；5th year, Rhizoma Paridis seedling was cultivated big into Rhizoma Paridis
Seedling；
S7, tree transplanted
In August, the 5th, to September, is transplanted by the ditch that spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 30cm laterally open 10～15cm in furrow face, every mu of kind
Plant 0.9～1.1 ten thousand plants, the shade density of sunshade net is adjusted to 40%；Cultivation 2 years, Rhizoma Paridis plant blossom is set seeds, and rhizome reaches
Requirement to standard medical material；
S8, field management
After Rhizoma Paridis are transplanted, winter and every 15 days of spring pour a water, keep soil water content to be 30～40%, after emerging,
Air themperature is increased using sprinkling irrigation；Draining to be strengthened in rainy season, never furrow face hydrops；
In the seed seedling-raising phase, see that grass just removes, accomplish to pull out early pull out little；After transplanting, first remove Rhizoma Paridis plant Weeds Around with hand-lifting, then
Gently remove weeds with special spud, aerial partss and the fibrous root of Rhizoma Paridis when hoeing up weeds, can not be injured；Middle weeding will with loosen the soil
In conjunction with carry out；
S9, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Root rot is prevented and treated：After Rhizoma Paridis are emerged, with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L and 250 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder
By volume 1:Spray after 1 mixing；Applied in sick cave with 1% (m/v) copperas solution or quick lime in root rot their early stage
Inside carry out disinfection or water with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or with 200 times of lime waters；
Damping off is prevented and treated：Their early stage is with the spray preventing and treating of 300 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder or with 50% carbendazim 500
Times liquid sprays, and sprays 1 time within every 7 days, even spray 2～3 times；After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, water lesion with 500 times of liquid of copper sulfate；
Leaf blight is prevented and treated：Their early stage, with 200 times of Bordeaux mixture spraying preventing and treatings；
Pest control：Cutworm prevents and treats, and every mu of use 90% metrifonate 50～70g mixes the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields
Mix the poison bait that fresh vegetable leaf 5kg makes with 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg；Chafer prevents and treats, with 800～1000 times of liquid of decis or
6% dichlorvos spray nail, once, side is sprayed 3 times for spray in 3～5 days；In Rhizoma Paridis, after seedling is together rooted out together with weeds, effectively reduces and gets over
Winter worm sources and source of disease.
2. Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S3 is additionally included in Shi Nong
Metrifonate or chlopyrifos or cyanogen chrysanthemum fat spread fertilizer over the fields while fertile in family.
3. Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the sterilization described in step S3
Agent is one or more of Bravo, zineb, polyoxin, thiram or procymidone.
4. Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S6 and S7 press such as lower section
Method is transplanted：
1) after Rhizoma Paridis Seedling takes, its rhizome position is soaked 30 minutes in 5% carbendazim solution, take out and dry in the air to not dripping
Liquid；
2) laterally ditch in furrow face, excavate plantation ditch by plantation specification and place Rhizoma Paridis Seedling, the soil covering that the second ditch excavates out
Previous ditch, by that analogy；After transplanting, with Folium Pini or rice straw mulching furrow face；Then watered according to soil moisture content, keep ground moistening；Enter
Winter falls after seedling, first spreads one layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in furrow face, repaves one layer of Folium Pini or broken grass.
5. Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step S8 is additionally included in every year
Mid-May and late August respectively apply a fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500kg every time, apply carbamide 10kg, mistake for every mu simultaneously
Calcium phosphate 20kg and potassium sulfate 12kg；In July to August, spray foliage fertilizer in the fine day dusk, spray within every 10～15 days 1 time, spray 3 altogether
Secondary.
6. Rhizoma Paridis high-yield quick cultivation technique according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described foliage fertilizer is 0.5%
(m/v) one of carbamide and 0.2% (m/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate or two kinds.
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| CN106961977A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla low altitude area nursery High aititude implantation methods |
| CN106973723A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-25 | 云南凤梧农业科技有限公司 | The breeding method of Yunnan Paris polyphylla |
| CN107006257A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-04 | 兴仁县兴瑞生态种养殖基地 | A kind of wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
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| CN107637411A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-30 | 刘帮强 | A kind of breeding method of Rhizome of Forrest Paris |
| CN108243852A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-07-06 | 丽江星宇生物开发有限公司 | A kind of paris polyphylla nursery and implantation methods |
| CN108812147A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-16 | 永胜县顺源中药材种植有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
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| CN108967098A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-11 | 云南宝田农业科技有限公司 | A kind of two sections of cultural methods of Paris polyphylla |
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| CN106973723A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-25 | 云南凤梧农业科技有限公司 | The breeding method of Yunnan Paris polyphylla |
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