CN105941065A - Soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method - Google Patents
Soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941065A CN105941065A CN201610419895.1A CN201610419895A CN105941065A CN 105941065 A CN105941065 A CN 105941065A CN 201610419895 A CN201610419895 A CN 201610419895A CN 105941065 A CN105941065 A CN 105941065A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method. In the south, due to frequent rainfall, the rate of fruit setting in the florescence of soft-seed pomegranate is low and the yield is small, and due to the small temperature difference, the soft-seed pomegranate is small in accumulated sugar and is not sweet. In the central China, the temperature in winter is instable, cold injuries occur constantly, and great losses are caused for farmers. In the northern region, the temperature is low and it is cold in winter, which is not suitable for soft-seed pomegranate planting at all. The above reasons limit large-region development of the soft-seed pomegranate. At present, the variety is not popularized in a large region yet, the market of the variety is in a situation that demand exceeds supply, and the soft-seed pomegranate planting is blank in the northern region. Through many years of soft-seed pomegranate planting experience, the soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method is provided, comprises seven aspects of nursery stock selecting and planting, soil, fertilizer and water managing, pruning, flower and fruit managing, pest controlling and preventing, temperature and humidity managing and winter prevention managing and solves the troubles encountered in soft-seed pomegranate planting in all regions in China. According to the soft-seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method, a small climate is provided for soft-seed pomegranate planting and growing, and the soft-seed pomegranate can grow well and can be high in yield and quality in all regions in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method.
Background technology
Soft seed Punica granatum L., is machaka or dungarunga, and original producton location is in Tunisia.Soft seed Punica granatum L. is a kind of in uncertainty
Under, plant seed nuclei cornu cutaneum matter degeneration deliquescing, the new varieties that variation is formed in indivedual fruit seeds.Soft seed Punica granatum L. by branch insert skewer and
The establishing in large scale that grafting is constantly taken turns year development and carried out.Zhengzhou fruit tree research institute of rear China introduces and tames successfully, starts
In the plantation of subregion, south.Becoming the large-scale and berry of multicell seediness after fruit maturation, there is most seed every indoor, episperm
Meat, in light violet redness, succulence is sweet and band is sour, and interior seed nuclei is that degeneration deliquescing cutin is direct-edible.Soft seed Punica granatum L. solves people
Eat Punica granatum L. and eat one and tell the trouble of, change and eat the view of Punica granatum L. and add degree of dependence.
Antioxidant, flavonoid, organic acid, ellagic acid and various mineral that soft seed Punica granatum L. contains and various vitamin
High, it is eaten for a long time and can prevent slow down aging, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, the beautiful skin of body shaping and slow down the merit of canceration process
Effect.
Soft seed Punica granatum L. is the most cold-proof, and kind habit aspect is particularly severe to humiture.In south, rainwater frequently results in soft
At the bottom of seed Punica granatum L. percentage of fertile fruit in florescence, yield few, the temperature difference is little to be caused soft seed Punica granatum L. long-pending to support sugar few, the most sweetless.Central China winter
Temperature is unstable, constantly has freeze injury to cause extreme loss to plantation family.The low cold of northern area winter temperature, does not adapt to soft seed
Punica granatum L. is planted.Above various reasons limits the development of soft seed Punica granatum L. large area.This kind not yet spread at present, at market
In the situation that supply falls short of demand, and the soft northerly plantation of seed Punica granatum L. still belongs to blank out.
The present invention, through the softest seed Punica granatum L. northerly plantation experience, invents a kind of soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening side
Method, solves difficulty and situation that national each ecological region planting soft seed Punica granatum L. is run into.The soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening side of the present invention
Method, to soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation growth provide a miniclimate, make soft seed Punica granatum L. the whole nation regional can grow, volume production
Many, quality height.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to mainly provide booth soft seed Punica granatum L. planting technology method, solve national each district
Territory is planted that the fruit that occurs of soft seed Punica granatum L. is sweetless, is yielded poorly, the most cold-proof existing problem of fruit tree.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs.
A kind of booth soft seed Punica granatum L. implantation methods, choose including nursery stock and plant, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, flowers and fruits
Management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, temperature and humidity management, cold-proof management seven broad aspect.
Wherein, temperature and humidity management aspect:
Greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, could intensification breaking dormancy；Make soft seed Punica granatum L. by one
The low docile of series is practiced, and after completing physiological change, could normally sprout, grows, blooms, result.
Soft seed Punica granatum L. booth is steel construction sun light green house, is equipped with thin film, insulation quilt outside steel construction the most successively.
Early March is by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting, and it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise, and booth external film is not
Rolling, daytime, turned up portion insulation quilt, and suitably opened vent according to external weather conditions, adjusted aeration-cooling day temperature
Mentioning 13 DEG C-15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain 3-5 days, the most gradually heat up about 3-5
My god, daytime, canopy temperature mentioned 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continued 3-5 days.
Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and suitably opens vent according to external weather conditions, adjusts
Whole aeration-cooling day temperature mentions 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, puts down insulation quilt night, and temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C.
3, April, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%-70%, the most beneficially rudiment, and humidity is excessive then by logical
Wind ventilation reduces humidity, and humidity is too small, and by spraying, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity.
The temperature adjusting in florescence is extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit, if late April artificial pollination day temperature control
System at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C, if honeybee pollination day temperature controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night all can not low with 15 DEG C, in florescence
Heat with evening according to weather condition is aeration-cooling.
Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film rolls in mid-May and no longer puts down, and night puts down insulation quilt
Heat, reach the temperature required evening, reduce the temperature spread in evening on daytime and be conducive to improving percentage of fertile fruit.
From the early June outdoor Cultivate administration of soft seed Punica granatum L., greenhouse facility carries out reinforcing prevents big wind bad.
Booth humidity at 50%-60%, at the blossom-control technics that falls below 60%, controls humidity at soft seed Punica granatum L. blossom-control technics
Method is the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and after watering, tries not florescence to water before the florescence, in case of rain insulation quilt rain cover to be put down,
Avoid impact pollination.
Soft seed Punica granatum L. progresses into the period of maturation in early September, and in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents
Dehiscent fruit, according to fruit maturation phase and the market demand, determines harvest time, it is to avoid gathers under rainy day and burning sun, gathers in batches, adopts
Time receiving should get on, get off, first outside and then inside carry out successively, avoids damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible.
After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film put down in mid-October and all puts up, during Second Year March,
Day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, evening can not less than subzero 8 DEG C, at this moment between adjust ventilation dewetting according to weather and heat work
Make.
Nursery stock is chosen and plants aspect:
Soft seed Punica granatum L. nursery stock should select meet life in 1～3 year of plant quarantine requirement, height of seedling 80 more than cm, footpath 0.8 cm～
The nursery stock of 1.5 cm well developed root systems.According to edaphic condition in booth, before being planted in Sprout period spring, March completed to early April,
Fertile, deep loam rational close planted, seeding row spacing should rest in 2 m～3 m.
When planting, if nursery stock is 1 year Seedling, dig each 50 cm of length and width, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, the farm manure that will become thoroughly decomposed
It is mixed into after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfills, average farm manure 10kg/ strain；If nursery stock is 2 years Seedlings, dig length and width each 60
Cm, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, be mixed into the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfill, average farm manure
15kg/ strain；If nursery stock is 3 years Seedlings, digs each 80 cm of length and width, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed into suitable
Amount phosphorus potash fertilizer backfills after mixing with table soil, average farm manure 30kg/ strain；The depth of planting is flat with collar and earth's surface or slightly below earth's surface
Be advisable, make root system unfold, soil of first filling in a form, after fill out subsoil, layering having peace of mind, water foot after cultivation and determine root water, soft seed pomegranate tree both sides respectively spread
If 1 meter of wide thin film, carry out soil and heat.
Cold-proof management aspect:
After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film is transferred in mid-October and is put in order, starts to do the cold-proof journey of soft seed pomegranate tree in winter
Sequence.Spray 1-2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate October continuously or 25-30 times of calcium superphosphate mixes leaching clear liquor, often with plant ash
Within 7-10 days, spray 1 time, trunk infusion can be increased further, improve branch circularity, and the cold tolerance of branch and bud can be improved.
By the end of October to spraying 0.1% ethephon or the mixing of 0.1% ethephon+200 times of carbamide+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the beginning of 11 months
Liquid, forces fallen leaves, promotes Tunisia soft seed Punica granatum L. to enter dormancy ahead of time.
At late November Later growth, carry out topdressing late autumn in soft seed pomegranate tree root both sides, after water and pass the winter water also
Add a cover thin film and increase ground temperature, to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application.
Before entering the winter, 1-2 individual month spraying mark 150 times of liquid of allusion quotation chemical industry 2103 Plant antifreezer 2-3 time, every minor tick 10 days, execute
Cell sap concentration can be improved after with, and form protecting film in tree surface, strengthen the freezing tolerance of plant.
Late May, early June, mid or late August respectively spray 1 40% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times, make the spring tip and summer
The tip stops long, promotes branch development to enrich, strengthens self tolerance to cold.
Clay fertilizer water management aspect:
Soft seed pomegranate tree, based on base manure, carries out topdressing and foliage application depending on soil fertility situation.
The soft seed pomegranate tree born fruit topdress the 1st time before flowering, about early April, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the 2nd time is swollen at fruit
Big late June phase to mid-August, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, N P and K is used in mixed way, and remaining time chases after as the case may be
Fertile；Dose determines with local edaphic condition and fertilising feature；Fertilizing method is to open annular groove, bar ditch, radial under tree crown
Ditch applies fertilizer, ditch depth, wide each 15 cm～25 cm, it is possible to multiple spot is spreaded manuer in holes, and on the premise of loosing soil, can spread fertilizer over the fields or water and execute, topdress
After should pour water in time.
Foliage application, mainly based on the tree that bears fruit, annual 4～5 times, typically grows early stage early April 1 time, early stage 4 of blooming
Month last ten-days period 1 time, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, fruit expanding period late June to late August in later stage according to circumstances 2～3 times, with phosphorus, potash fertilizer it is
Main；Spray some trace element also dependent on tree body situation, can spray in conjunction with laxative；Conventional fertilizer type with concentration is:
Carbamide 0.5 %, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 %～0.3 %, Borax 0.1 %～0.3 %.
Treelet phase spring and autumn applies every strain farm manure 20-25kg, the every strain of fruiting period 30～40kg；Employing ditch is excuted a law, and digs bar
Ditch, radial furrow or annular groove, furrow width 30 cm, ditch depth 30 cm～40 cm；Avoid too much hindering root；By the table soil dug out and corruption
Inserting after ripe fertilizer mixing, subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fills foot moisture, makes root system and soil close contact.
Irrigation water should meet the regulation of NY/T 391, depends on the circumstances, irrigation period typically at budding period early March, open
Early October after spending front early April, fruit expanding period June to late August and fruit picking, tree dish is taked to irrigate, irrigate through furrow, spray, ooze
Filling, fruit is close to before maturation, and soil moisture is moderate, is typically not required to water.If chance Continuous Drought, apply little water carefully to water, avoid big
Water flood irrigation；Pomegranate Garden should arrange drainage system in time desilting, when rainy season or orchard hydrops should draining in time, prevent
Damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
Pruning aspect:
" winter is cut to main, and the summer is cut to auxiliary ", by bud picking, turn round slightly, the method suppression the most prosperous new length such as pinching, relax tree vigo(u)r, promote knot
Really, tree crown is trained natural open centre shape or cylinder, and winter pruning is to prune off, and cutting back retraction is auxiliary, and summer pruning is main
It is bud picking, pinching, the torsion tip and draws branch etc..
The pruning of treelet, the 1st year after field planting, treelet is carried out shaping；Trophophase can take bud picking, pinching suppression summer shoot
With the growth of autumn growth, promote diameter increment and terminal bud, the formation of lateral bud of branch；Branch, length is drawn winter to put.
Fruiting period tree-pruning, at the result initial stage, uses " in going to force to stay on, going directly to stay tiltedly " and " many sparse branchings, few cutting back, scaling knot
Close " method cultivation results branch group, result is contained the phase, is prevented interior thorax airtight, notice that fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates；Winter bounce back weak branch, under
Weeping branch, wipes out sick branch, sick mummy.
The pruning of old and feeble tree, wipes out old and feeble branch, stays shoot more；Take " retraction updates, goes weak staying by force " method, recover tree
Gesture；Tree vigo(u)r is difficult to the plant recovered, the available upright prosperous branch near trunk sprout tillers, update tree crown.
Flower and fruit management aspect:
Florescence puts honeybee, uses pollen liquid to add Borax spraying pollination or artificial point is awarded, and initial bloom stage sprays the Borax and 0.3% of 0.3%
Carbamide or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3%, sprayed 1 time again every 7～10 days.
Determining according to the age of tree and tree vigo(u)r and stay fruit amount, every 667 square metres of yield control at 1500 kg～2000 kg, as early as possible
Dredge and remove mitriform flower, stubble of letting the hair grow flower more, remove the flower in evening that the later stage opens in time, thank and after spending, in 3～4 weeks, remove malformed fruit, disease pest fruit,
Twin fruit is dredged as single fruit.Let the hair grow more stubble fruit, 2 batches of fruits of selecting and remain, remove 3 batches of fruits, if 1,2 batches of fruits are little, will suitably stay one
Divide 3 batches of fruits, stay middle brachyplast fruit more, do not stay or stay less long shoot fruit.
Select special fruit bag to carry out bagging in time after fruit thinning, spray 1 insecticide and antibacterial mixed liquor before bagging, in fruit picking
Within first 10～20 days, release fruit bag, and the blade removal that will cover on fruit face, take to draw branch, other branch, or on tree dish soil upper berth
If measures such as reflective agricultural films, improve illumination condition, in order to fruit color.
Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control aspect:
Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation Major Diseases includes early defoliation disease (melasma, brown spot), dry rot, canker.Soft seed Punica granatum L.
Plantation primary pest includes Punica granatum L. small heart-eating peach worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis, aphid, green plant bug, coccid；Put prevention first, integrated control.
The preventing and treating of early defoliation disease: winter early December clear garden, early March germination Qian Quan garden spray 2-3 Baume degrees stone sulfur
Mixture, fruit, shoot and leaf growth phase, begin see morbidity time, spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800～1000 times of liquid or
1:1:160 times of Bordeaux mixture.
The preventing and treating of dry rot: the clear garden of winter-spring season, trunk whitewashing, the season of growth extract in time disease fruit, germinate before spray 2～3
Baume degrees lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime polysulfies 20～30 times of liquid, when branch occurs serious, can carry out weight in the season of growth
Rossing, and it is coated with medicament disinfection protection, note setting body protection, prevent injured, fruit bagging；Young fruit expanding stage, sprays 1:1:160
Bordeaux mixture, or 40% carbendazol wettable powder 1000～1500 times of liquid, or d ichlorbenzuron 3000 times of liquid of No. 3 colloidal suspending agents；
The preventing and treating of canker: adopt rear Fusarium Wilt of Sweet fruit, store after doing；Their early stage, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder
1000 times of liquid, or 40% carbendazim 1000～1500 times of liquid.
The preventing and treating of small heart-eating peach worm: early spring, excavated by manual work removed the cocoon of surviving the winter around trunk collar, and the season of growth extracts worm at any time
Really, take orchard out of and burn, ground chemical control, it is unearthed phase dispenser under tree crown at Overwintering Larvae, the available 25% micro-glue of phoxim
300 times of liquid of capsule are sprayed on ground, during then hoe buries；Observing and predicting the adult emergence period with gyplure, spraying medicament uses 10% imidacloprid
Wettable powder 2000～3000 times of liquid, or No. 3 suspending agents of 25% d ichlorbenzuron 1000～1500 times of liquid, safety interval be 20～
30 days.
The preventing and treating of dichocrocis punctiferalis: winter clear garden, eliminate vector, scrape off trunk and always stick up skin, eliminate Overwintering Larvae, keep and
Utilizing natural enemy to prevent and treat, manual removal wormed fruit, sweet-and-sour liquid trapping adult, fruit bagging protects, observes and predicts with gyplure, adult generating capacity
Time big, spray with 2500 times of liquid of pyrethrin pesticide Emulsion, be spaced 20～30 days.
The preventing and treating of aphid: the protection natural enemy of aphid such as ladybug, wasp fly, places Yellow sticky trap, wipes out killed branch top, opening
Before spending front or leaf roll, find that fragmentary aphid can not spray medicine, as when insect density is bigger with 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable solution Emulsion 400～
500 times of liquid, fruit growth period 3% acetamiprid wettable powder 1000～2000 times of liquid or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
2000～3000 times of liquid, are spaced 15～30 days.
The preventing and treating of green plant bug: winter or clear garden in early spring, kills hibernating egg, and hibernating egg incubation period, nymph are contained the phase of sending out and thank to flower
Rear spraying 20% kills 2500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester Emulsion.
The preventing and treating of coccid: the female worm that survives the winter of manually erasing, germination Qian Quan garden spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 1～2
For nymph hatching Sheng phase (before nymph split-up secretion waxiness) spraying 25% Buprofezin 1000～1500 times of liquid.
Detailed description of the invention
Soft seed Punica granatum L. planting greenhouse in the present invention uses steel construction sun light green house, can ventilate, homoiothermic humidity, heat, prevents
Cold, it is equipped with thin film, insulation quilt outside steel construction the most successively..
Embodiment one
Following sequence number does not represent time sequencing, does not has an order requirements yet, but several broad aspect of soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening.One
Kind of soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, choose including nursery stock and plant, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, flower and fruit management, pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating, temperature and humidity management, cold-proof management seven broad aspect.
(1) nursery stock is chosen and plants
Soft seed Punica granatum L. nursery stock should select meet life in 1～3 year of plant quarantine requirement, height of seedling 80 more than cm, footpath 0.8 cm～
The nursery stock of 1.5 cm well developed root systems.
According to edaphic condition in booth, before being planted in Sprout period spring, March completed to early April, fertile, deep earth
Soil rational close planted seeding row spacing should rest in 2 m～3 m.
When planting, if nursery stock is 1 year Seedling, dig each 50 cm of length and width, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, the farm manure that will become thoroughly decomposed
It is mixed into after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfills, average farm manure 10kg/ strain.If nursery stock is 2 years Seedlings, dig length and width each 60
Cm, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, be mixed into the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfill, average farm manure
15kg/ strain.If nursery stock is 3 years Seedlings, digs each 80 cm of length and width, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed into suitable
Amount phosphorus potash fertilizer backfills after mixing with table soil, average farm manure 30kg/ strain.The depth of planting is flat with collar and earth's surface or slightly below earth's surface
Be advisable, make root system unfold, soil of first filling in a form, after fill out subsoil, layering having peace of mind, water foot after cultivation and determine root water.Soft seed pomegranate tree both sides respectively spread
If 1 meter of wide thin film, carry out soil and heat.
(2) clay fertilizer water management
Soft seed pomegranate tree, based on base manure, carries out topdressing and foliage application depending on soil fertility situation.
The soft seed pomegranate tree born fruit topdress the 1st time before spending, about early April, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the 2nd time at Fruit
Late June phase to mid-August, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, N P and K is used in mixed way, and remaining time topdresses as the case may be.
Dose determines with local edaphic condition and fertilising feature.Fertilizing method is to open annular groove, bar ditch, radial ditch spread under tree crown
Fertilizer, ditch depth, wide each 15 cm～25 cm, it is possible to multiple spot is spreaded manuer in holes, and on the premise of loosing soil, can spread fertilizer over the fields or water and execute, should after topdressing
Pour water in time.
Foliage application, mainly based on the tree that bears fruit, annual 4～5 times, typically grows early stage early April 1 time, early stage 4 of blooming
Month last ten-days period 1 time, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, fruit expanding period late June to late August in later stage according to circumstances 2～3 times, with phosphorus, potash fertilizer it is
Main.Some trace element are sprayed also dependent on tree body situation.Can spray in conjunction with laxative.Conventional fertilizer type with concentration is:
Carbamide 0.5 %, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 %～0.3 %, Borax 0.1 %～0.3 %.
Treelet phase spring and autumn applies every strain farm manure 20-25kg, the every strain of fruiting period 30～40kg.Employing ditch is excuted a law, and digs bar
Ditch, radial furrow or annular groove, furrow width 30 cm, ditch depth 30 cm～40 cm.Avoid too much hindering root.By the table soil dug out and corruption
Inserting after ripe fertilizer mixing, subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fills foot moisture, makes root system and soil close contact.
Irrigation water should meet the regulation of NY/T 391.Depend on the circumstances, irrigation period typically at budding period early March, open
Early October after spending front early April, fruit expanding period June to late August and fruit picking.Tree dish can be taked to irrigate, irrigate through furrow, spray,
Infiltrating irrigation.Fruit is close to before maturation, and soil moisture is moderate, is typically not required to water.If chance Continuous Drought, apply little water carefully to water, avoid
Broad irrigation.
Pomegranate Garden should arrange drainage system in time desilting, when rainy season or orchard hydrops should draining in time, prevent
Raw damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
(3) pruning
" winter is cut to main, and the summer is cut to auxiliary ".By bud picking, turn round slightly, the method such as pinching suppression the most prosperous new length, relax tree vigo(u)r, promote knot
Really.
If tree crown is trained natural open centre shape, then carries out spring pruning before the budding period, surely do during height of seedling 50 cm, cultivate 3～4
The individual major branch being evenly distributed, below major branch, rudiment should be erased as early as possible.When major branch grows to 50 cm～60 cm, pinching inspires
Lateral bud, more than major branch mitogenetic branch retains as far as possible, to indivedual strong prosperous branches in hat, draws method transformation and the profit of branch with the florescence as far as possible
With, can not remove easily.Tree crown is trained natural open centre shape, controls the height of tree 2 m～3 m.
If tree crown is trained cylinder, then carrying out spring pruning before the shape budding period, height of seedling 50 cm does surely, and 50 more than cm are only
Staying 1 healthy and strong young sprout to do centered by cultivating, following branch is all cut.3～4 are stayed during healthy and strong sublateral shoot 15 cm sprouted
Leaf pinching, during healthy and strong sublateral shoot 30 about the cm again sent, pinching again, with cultivation results branch group.Tree crown is trained cylinder
Shape, at center, dry higher slice or not stratified helical form are every verticillate 15～20 the larger result branch groups of 10 cm～15 cm, branch group
Length is less than 80 cm, is 70 °～80 ° with trunk angle, lower big the least, under close dilute.Control the height of tree 2 m～3 m.Be suitable to
Dense planting.
Winter pruning is to prune off, and cutting back retraction is auxiliary.Remove intersection branch, overlapping branch, Mi Shengzhi, sick branch, deadwood,
The branch of excessive growth；Vigorous branches stays 20 cm～30 cm cutting backs, cultivates elongated shoot and branch group；Short cut for perennial branch, degree regards tree
Age tree vigo(u)r and branch how many depending on, be mainly used in weak branch and the renewal of branch group；It is not added with pruning, growing and put to 1 or two years branches, relaxes
Apical dominance, increase brachyplast, leafage branch quantity, carried out according to branch gesture, tree vigo(u)r power, and the plant that growing way is the most prosperous is wanted Herb delay
Put.
Summer pruning mainly bud picking, pinching, the torsion tip and draw branch etc..Remove sick branch, Mi Shengzhi, descending branch in time；Right
The branch of excessive growth should take the circumstances into consideration to remove according to tree crown space size, cutting back, draw branch or turn round branch.Erase unnecessary tender shoots and disease pest bud, root early
Branch is promoted, to turn round the tip, girdling, band girdle, to draw the pruning methods such as (support, fall) branch according to needs pinching when young sprout 30 cm-60 cm
Adjust brachyplast and flower_bud formation, raising fruit-setting rate in shoot growth, promotion.
The pruning of treelet, the 1st year after field planting, treelet is carried out shaping.Trophophase can take bud picking, pinching suppression summer shoot
With the growth of autumn growth, promote diameter increment and terminal bud, the formation of lateral bud of branch；Branch, length is drawn winter to put.
Fruiting period tree-pruning, at the result initial stage, uses " in going to force to stay on, going directly to stay tiltedly " and " many sparse branchings, few cutting back, scaling knot
Close " method cultivation results branch group, result is contained the phase, is prevented interior thorax airtight, notice that fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates；Winter bounce back weak branch, under
Weeping branch, wipes out sick branch, sick mummy.
The pruning of old and feeble tree, wipes out old and feeble branch, stays shoot more.Take " retraction updates, goes weak staying by force " method, recover tree
Gesture.Tree vigo(u)r is difficult to the plant recovered, the available upright prosperous branch near trunk sprout tillers, update tree crown.
(4) flower and fruit management
Florescence puts honeybee；Use pollen liquid to add Borax spraying pollination or artificial point is awarded；Initial bloom stage sprays the Borax and 0.3% of 0.3%
Carbamide or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3%, sprayed 1 time again every 7～10 days.
Determining according to the age of tree and tree vigo(u)r and stay fruit amount, every 667 m yield control at 1500 kg～2000 kg.Dredge as early as possible and remove clock
Shape flower, stubble of letting the hair grow flower more, remove the flower in evening that the later stage opens in time.Thank and after spending, in 3～4 weeks, remove malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, by twin
Fruit is dredged as single fruit.Let the hair grow more stubble fruit, 2 batches of fruits of selecting and remain, remove 3 batches of fruits, if 1,2 batches of fruits are little, suitably stay a part 3 batches
Really.Stay middle brachyplast fruit more, do not stay or stay less long shoot fruit.
Select special fruit bag to carry out bagging in time after fruit thinning, before bagging, spray 1 insecticide and antibacterial mixed liquor.In fruit picking
Within first 10～20 days, release fruit bag, and the blade removal that will cover on fruit face, take to draw branch, other branch, or on tree dish soil upper berth
If measures such as reflective agricultural films, improve illumination condition, in order to fruit color.
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation Major Diseases includes early defoliation disease (melasma, brown spot), dry rot, canker etc..Soft seed stone
Pomegranate plantation primary pest includes Punica granatum L. small heart-eating peach worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis, aphid, green plant bug, coccid etc..Put prevention first, Comprehensive Preventing
Control.Based on cultural control, in conjunction with physics, chemical prevention, advocate Biological control.Pesticide use should observe NY/T's 393
Regulation.
Cultural control should strictly be quarantined, and strengthens rich water quality management, reasonable pruning, controls load capacity, it is ensured that tree body ventilates
Printing opacity, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, improves resistant to diseases and insects.Clear garden, strikes off and withered sticks up skin, wipe out sick branch fruit, plough deeply tree dish, reduce disease
Worm generation radix.
Physics, chemical prevention can also be used, use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sweet-and-sour liquid, synthetic sex attractant, trunk
Twine grass waiting multiple Punica granatum L. insects such as trapping Limacodidae, dichocrocis punctiferalis, chafer, Io moth.Yellow colored steel trapping aphid.Chemical prevention
Perform in strict accordance with NY/T 393, strengthen disease pest monitoring, grasp pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule.Advocate and use biogenic pesticide.Rotation
Using the pesticide of the different mechanism of action, every kind of pesticide can only be with once at same growth cycle, and strict implement chemistry security is spaced
Phase.
The preventing and treating of early defoliation disease: winter early December clear garden, early March germination Qian Quan garden sprays each sprinkling 2-3 Baume
Degree lime sulfur.Fruit, shoot and leaf growth phase, when beginning to see morbidity, following chemical control can be used: spray 50% thiophanate-methyl
Wettable powder 800～1000 times of liquid；1:1:160 times of Bordeaux mixture.
The preventing and treating of dry rot: the clear garden of winter-spring season, trunk whitewashing.The season of growth extracts disease fruit in time.Spray 2～3 before germinateing
Baume degrees lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime polysulfies 20～30 times of liquid.When branch occurs serious, weight can be carried out in the season of growth
Rossing, and it is coated with medicament disinfection protection.Note setting body protection, prevent injured.Fruit bagging.Young fruit expanding stage, can use with prescribe medicine
Agent prevents and treats: spray 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture, or 40% carbendazol wettable powder 1000～1500 times of liquid, or d ichlorbenzuron 3
3000 times of liquid of colloidal suspending agent.
The preventing and treating of canker: adopt rear Fusarium Wilt of Sweet fruit, store after doing.Their early stage, can use following chemical control: spraying
70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 40% carbendazim 1000～1500 times of liquid.
The preventing and treating of small heart-eating peach worm: early spring, excavated by manual work was except the cocoon of surviving the winter around trunk collar.The season of growth extracts worm at any time
Really, take orchard out of to burn.Ground chemical control, is unearthed phase dispenser under tree crown at Overwintering Larvae, the available 25% micro-glue of phoxim
300 times of liquid of capsule are sprayed on ground, during then hoe buries.Availability lure observes and predicts the adult emergence period, chemical control on tree: spraying medicine
Agent uses 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000～3000 times of liquid, or No. 3 suspending agents of 25% d ichlorbenzuron 1000～1500 times of liquid,
Safety interval is 20～30 days.
The preventing and treating of dichocrocis punctiferalis: winter clear garden, eliminate vector, scrape off trunk and always stick up skin, eliminate Overwintering Larvae.Keep and
Natural enemy is utilized to prevent and treat, manual removal wormed fruit.Sweet-and-sour liquid trapping adult.Fruit bagging protects.Chemical control: availability lure is surveyed
Report.When adult generating capacity is big, available 2500 times of liquid of pyrethrin pesticide Emulsion spray, and are spaced 20～30 days.
The preventing and treating of aphid: the protection natural enemy of aphid such as ladybug, wasp fly.Place Yellow sticky trap.Wipe out killed branch top.Medicament
Preventing and treating: before flowering or before leaf roll, finds that fragmentary aphid can not spray medicine, as can be more newborn with 2.5% rotenone when insect density is bigger
Oil emulsion 400～500 times of liquid.Fruit growth period 3% acetamiprid wettable powder 1000～2000 times of liquid or 10% imidacloprid
Wettable powder 2000～3000 times of liquid, be spaced 15～30 days.
The preventing and treating of green plant bug: winter or clear garden in early spring, kills hibernating egg.Hibernating egg incubation period, nymph are contained the phase of sending out and thank to flower
Rear spraying 20% kills 2500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester Emulsion.
The preventing and treating of coccid: the female worm that survives the winter of manually erasing.Germination Qian Quan garden spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs.Medicament is prevented
Control: 1～2 generation nymph hatching Sheng phases (before nymph split-up secretion waxiness) spraying 25% Buprofezin 1000～1500 times of liquid.
(6) temperature and humidity management
Greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, and just can heat up breaking dormancy；Make soft seed Punica granatum L. by one
The low docile of series is practiced, after completing physiological change, just can cause normally sprout, grow, bloom, result.
Early March is by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting, and it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise.
Early March turned up portion on daytime insulation quilt, thin film is not rolled, and is suitably opened ventilation according to external weather conditions
Mouthful, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature and mention 13 DEG C-15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain
3-5 days, the most gradually heating up about 3-5 days, daytime, canopy temperature mentioned 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continued 3-5 days.
Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and suitably opens vent according to external weather conditions, adjusts
Whole aeration-cooling day temperature mentions 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, puts down insulation quilt temperature night and is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C.
During this period, in terms of moisture management, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%--70%, the most beneficially rudiment.
Humidity excessive by ventilation by humidity, humidity too small sprayable, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity.
The temperature adjusting in florescence is extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit.The florescence late April temperature of open adaptation is:
Artificial pollination on daytime controls at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C, and honeybee pollination controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night can not low with 15 DEG C.In florescence
Heat with evening according to weather condition is aeration-cooling.
Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film rolls in mid-May and no longer puts down, canopy outer temperature daytime with
Adapt to pollination.Night puts down insulation quilt and heats, and reaches the temperature required evening.Reduce the temperature spread in evening on daytime to be conducive to carrying
High percentage of fertile fruit.
Just can be with outdoor Cultivate administration from early June soft seed Punica granatum L., greenhouse facility carries out reinforcing prevents big wind bad.
Booth humidity to control at 50%-60% at the florescence, and the blossom-control technics that falls is below 60%, and the method controlling humidity is to put
Wind dehumidifying, after watering, tries not to water before the florescence florescence.Such as insulation quilt rain cover to be put down of raining.Avoid impact
Pollination.
Soft seed Punica granatum L. progresses into the period of maturation in early September, and in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents
Dehiscent fruit.According to fruit maturation phase and the market demand, determine harvest time.Avoid gathering under rainy day and burning sun.Gather in batches, adopt
Time receiving should get on, get off, first outside and then inside carry out successively, avoids damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible.
After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film put down in mid-October and all puts up, during Second Year March,
Day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, and evening can not be low remaining subzero 8 DEG C, at this moment between adjust ventilation dewetting according to weather and heat work
Make.
(7) cold-proof management
Cold-proof management mainly has sprinkling foliage fertilizer, strengthens later stage rich water quality management, sprays paclobutrazol, sprays fruit tree antifreezing agent, pressure
The methods such as dormancy.
After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film is transferred in mid-October and is put in order, starts to do winter soft seed pomegranate tree cold-proof
Program.Spray 1-2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate October continuously, or 25-30 times of calcium superphosphate mix leaching clear liquor with plant ash,
Within every 7-10 days, spray 1 time, trunk infusion can be increased further, improve branch circularity, and the cold-resistant energy of branch and bud can be improved
Power.
At late November Later growth, should carry out topdressing late autumn in soft seed pomegranate tree root both sides, after water water of passing the winter
And add a cover thin film increase ground temperature.To execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application.
Late May to early June and mid or late August respectively spray 1 40% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times, make the spring tip and
Summer shoot stops long, promotes branch development to enrich, strengthens self tolerance to cold.
1-2 individual month spraying mark 150 times of liquid of allusion quotation chemical industry 2103 Plant antifreezer 2-3 time, every minor tick 10 days before entering the winter.Execute
Cell sap concentration can be improved after with, and form protecting film in tree surface, strengthen the freezing tolerance of plant.
By the end of October to spraying 0.1% ethephon or the mixing of 0.1% ethephon+200 times of carbamide+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the beginning of 11 months
Liquid, forces fallen leaves, promotes Tunisia soft seed Punica granatum L. to enter dormancy ahead of time.
Claims (7)
1. a soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: include nursery stock choose and plant, clay fertilizer water management, shaping
Pruning, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, temperature and humidity management, cold-proof management seven broad aspect；
Wherein, temperature and humidity management aspect, greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, and the releasing that could heat up is stopped
Sleep；Soft seed Punica granatum L. is made low docile to be practiced by a series of, after completing physiological change, could normally sprout, grow, bloom,
Result；Soft seed Punica granatum L. booth is steel construction sun light green house, is equipped with thin film, insulation quilt outside steel construction the most successively； 3
Month the first tenday period of a month, it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise, and booth external film is not rolled, daytime by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting
Turned up portion insulation quilt, and suitably open vent according to external weather conditions, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature mention 13 DEG C-
15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain 3-5 days, the most gradually heat up about 3-5 days, daytime canopy
Temperature mentions 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continues 3-5 days；Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and root
Suitably opening vent according to external weather conditions, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature and mention 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, night puts down insulation
Quilt, temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C；3, April, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%-70%, the most beneficially rudiment,
Humidity is excessive then reduces humidity by ventilation, and humidity is too small, and by spraying, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity；Florescence
Temperature adjusting extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit, if late April artificial pollination day temperature controls at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C,
If honeybee pollination day temperature controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night all can not low with 15 DEG C, florescence according to weather condition lead to
Wind cooling heated with evening；Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film rolls in mid-May and no longer puts down, night
Put down insulation quilt to heat, reach the temperature required evening, reduce the temperature spread in evening on daytime and be conducive to improving percentage of fertile fruit；From 6
Month the first tenday period of a month the outdoor Cultivate administration of soft seed Punica granatum L., greenhouse facility carries out reinforcing prevents big wind bad；Booth humidity is at soft seed Flos Granati
Phase controls at 50%-60%, and at the blossom-control technics that falls below 60%, the method controlling humidity is the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and waters before the florescence
After, try not florescence to water, such as insulation quilt rain cover to be put down of raining, it is to avoid impact pollination；Soft seed Punica granatum L. is in JIUYUE
Ten days progresses into the period of maturation, and in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents dehiscent fruit, according to fruit maturation Qi He city
Demand, determines harvest time, it is to avoid gather under rainy day and burning sun, gather in batches, should get on, get off, first outside and then inside when gathering
Carry out successively, avoid damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible；After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, in mid-October, greenhouse film is put down
And all put up, during Second Year March, day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, and evening can not be less than subzero 8 DEG C, at this moment
Between adjust ventilation dewetting and heat work according to weather.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: nursery stock is chosen and the side of planting
Face, soft seed Punica granatum L. nursery stock should select meet life in 1～3 year of plant quarantine requirement, height of seedling 80 more than cm, footpath 0.8 cm～
The nursery stock of 1.5 cm well developed root systems；According to edaphic condition in booth, before being planted in Sprout period spring, March completed to early April,
Fertile, deep loam rational close planted, seeding row spacing should rest in 2 m～3 m；When planting, if nursery stock is 1 year Seedling, dig length and width
Each 50 cm, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, be mixed into the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfill, average agriculture
The fertile 10kg/ strain of family；If nursery stock is 2 years Seedlings, digs each 60 cm of length and width, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed
Enter after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfill, average farm manure 15kg/ strain；If nursery stock is 3 years Seedlings, dig length and width each 80
Cm, the planting pit of deep 50 cm, be mixed into the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil and backfill, average farm manure
30kg/ strain；The depth of planting, so that collar and earth's surface are flat or are advisable in slightly below earth's surface, makes root system unfold, soil of first filling in a form, after fill out subsoil,
Layering having peace of mind, waters foot and determines root water after cultivation, soft seed pomegranate tree both sides are respectively laid 1 meter of wide thin film, carried out soil and heat.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: cold-proof management aspect,
After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film is transferred in mid-October and is put in order, starts to do the cold-proof program of soft seed pomegranate tree in winter；October
Spray 1-2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate continuously or 25-30 times of calcium superphosphate mixes leaching clear liquor, spray in every 7-10 days with plant ash
1 time, trunk infusion can be increased further, improve branch circularity, and the cold tolerance of branch and bud can be improved；The most extremely
Spray 0.1% ethephon or 0.1% ethephon+200 times of carbamide+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor at the beginning of 11 months, force fallen leaves, promote
Soft seed Punica granatum L. enters dormancy ahead of time in Tunisia；At late November Later growth, carry out chasing after late autumn in soft seed pomegranate tree root both sides
Fertilizer, after water pass the winter water and add a cover thin film increase ground temperature, to execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application；1-before entering the winter
2 months spraying mark 150 times of liquid of allusion quotation chemical industry 2103 Plant antifreezer 2-3 time, every minor tick 10 days, can improve Cell sap after using dense
Degree, and form protecting film in tree surface, strengthen the freezing tolerance of plant；Late May, early June, mid or late August respectively spray 1
Secondary 40% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times, makes the spring tip and summer shoot stop long, promotes branch development to enrich, strengthens the energy that self resists cold
Power.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: clay fertilizer water management aspect,
Soft seed pomegranate tree, based on base manure, carries out topdressing and foliage application depending on soil fertility situation；The soft seed pomegranate tree born fruit topdresses the 1st
Secondary before flowering, about early April, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the 2nd time in fruit expanding period late June to mid-August, with phosphorus potash fertilizer be
Main, N P and K is used in mixed way, and remaining time topdresses as the case may be；Dose is with local edaphic condition and fertilising spy
Point determines；Fertilizing method is to open annular groove, bar ditch, radial furrow fertilising, ditch depth, wide each 15 cm～25 cm under tree crown, it is possible to
Multiple spot is spreaded manuer in holes, and on the premise of loosing soil, can spread fertilizer over the fields or water and execute, should pour water in time after topdressing；Foliage application is mainly with the tree that bears fruit
It is main, annual 4～5 times, general growth early stage early April 1 time, early stage of blooming late April 1 time, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage fruit
Expanding stage late June to late August according to circumstances 2～3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer；One is sprayed slightly also dependent on tree body situation
Secondary element, can spray in conjunction with laxative；Conventional fertilizer type with concentration is: carbamide 0.5 %, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 %～
0.3 %, Borax 0.1 %～0.3 %；Treelet phase spring and autumn applies every strain farm manure 20-25kg, the every strain of fruiting period 30～
40kg；Employing ditch is excuted a law, Wa Tiaogou, radial furrow or annular groove, furrow width 30 cm, ditch depth 30 cm～40 cm；Avoid too much
Hinder root；Inserting after mix with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed by the table dug out soil, subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fills sufficient moisture, make root system with
Soil close contact；Irrigation water should meet the regulation of NY/T 391, depends on the circumstances, and irrigation period is typically on March budding period
Ten days, bloom before early October after early April, fruit expanding period June to late August and fruit picking, take tree dish to irrigate, irrigate through furrow, spray
Fill, infiltrating irrigation, fruit is close to before maturation, and soil moisture is moderate, is typically not required to water；If chance Continuous Drought, little water is applied carefully to water,
Avoid broad irrigation；Pomegranate Garden should arrange drainage system in time desilting, when rainy season or orchard hydrops should draining in time, prevent
There is damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: pruning aspect, " winter
Being cut to main, the summer is cut to auxiliary ", by bud picking, turn round slightly, the method suppression the most prosperous new length such as pinching, relax tree vigo(u)r, promote result, tree crown
Be trained natural open centre shape or cylinder, winter pruning to prune off, cutting back retraction be auxiliary, summer pruning be mainly bud picking,
Pinching, turn round the tip and draw branch etc.；The pruning of treelet, the 1st year after field planting, treelet is carried out shaping；Trophophase can be taked bud picking, pluck
Heart suppression summer shoot and the growth of autumn growth, promote diameter increment and terminal bud, the formation of lateral bud of branch；Branch, length is drawn winter to put；Result
Phase tree-pruning, at the result initial stage, uses " in going to force to stay on, going directly to stay tiltedly " and " scaling combines for many sparse branchings, few cutting back " method to cultivate knot
Fruit branch group, result is contained the phase, is prevented interior thorax airtight, notice that fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates；Winter, retraction weak branch, descending branch, wiped out disease pest
Branch, sick mummy；The pruning of old and feeble tree, wipes out old and feeble branch, stays shoot more；Take " retraction updates, goes weak staying by force " method, recover tree
Gesture；Tree vigo(u)r is difficult to the plant recovered, the available upright prosperous branch near trunk sprout tillers, update tree crown.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: flower and fruit management aspect, flower
Phase puts honeybee, uses pollen liquid to add Borax spraying pollination or artificial point is awarded, and initial bloom stage sprays the Borax of 0.3% and the carbamide of 0.3%
Or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3%, sprayed 1 time again every 7～10 days；Determine according to the age of tree and tree vigo(u)r and stay fruit to measure, every 667 square metres
Yield controls at 1500 kg～2000 kg, dredges as early as possible and removes mitriform flower, and stubble of letting the hair grow flower removes the flower in evening that the later stage opens, thanks in time
Remove malformed fruit, disease pest fruit after spending in 3～4 weeks, twin fruit is dredged as single fruit；Let the hair grow more stubble fruit, 2 batches of fruits of selecting and remain, remove 3 batches
Really, if 1,2 batches of fruits are little, to suitably stay 3 batches of fruits of a part, stay middle brachyplast fruit more, not stay or stay less long shoot fruit；After fruit thinning
Select special fruit bag to carry out bagging in time, before bagging, spray 1 insecticide and antibacterial mixed liquor, within 10～20 days before fruit picking, solve
Except fruit bag, and the blade removal that will cover on fruit face, take to draw branch, other branch, or lay reflective agricultural film etc. on tree dish soil
Measure, improves illumination condition, in order to fruit color.
One the most according to claim 1 soft seed Punica granatum L. greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that: prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control aspect,
Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation Major Diseases includes early defoliation disease (melasma, brown spot), dry rot, canker；
Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation primary pest includes Punica granatum L. small heart-eating peach worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis, aphid, green plant bug, coccid；Prevention is
Main, integrated control；The preventing and treating of early defoliation disease: winter early December clear garden, early March germination Qian Quan garden spray 2-3 Baume degrees
Lime sulfur, fruit, shoot and leaf growth phase, when beginning to see morbidity, sprays 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800～1000 times
Liquid or 1:1:160 times of Bordeaux mixture；The preventing and treating of dry rot: the clear garden of winter-spring season, trunk whitewashing, the season of growth extracts disease in time
Really, before germinateing, spray 2～3 Baume degrees lime sulfurs or 45% crystal lime polysulfies 20～30 times of liquid, when branch occurs serious, can
Carry out weight rossing in the season of growth, and be coated with medicament disinfection protection, note setting body protection, prevent injured, fruit bagging；Young fruit expands
Phase, spray 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture, or 40% carbendazol wettable powder 1000～1500 times of liquid, or No. 3 glue of d ichlorbenzuron hang
3000 times of liquid of agent；The preventing and treating of canker: adopt rear Fusarium Wilt of Sweet fruit, store after doing；Their early stage, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl can
1000 times of liquid of WP, or 40% carbendazim 1000～1500 times of liquid；The preventing and treating of small heart-eating peach worm: early spring, excavated by manual work was except tree
Cocoon of surviving the winter around dry collar, the season of growth extracts wormed fruit at any time, takes orchard out of and burn, and ground chemical control, at Overwintering Larvae
Unearthed phase dispenser under tree crown, available 300 times of liquid of 25% Phoxim microcapsule are sprayed on ground, during then hoe buries；Lure by property
Agent is observed and predicted the adult emergence period, and spraying medicament uses 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000～3000 times of liquid, or 25% d ichlorbenzuron 3
Number suspending agent 1000～1500 times of liquid, safety interval is 20～30 days；The preventing and treating of dichocrocis punctiferalis: winter clear garden, eliminate in the middle of posts
Main, scrape off trunk and always stick up skin, eliminate Overwintering Larvae, keep and utilize natural enemy to prevent and treat, manual removal wormed fruit, sweet-and-sour liquid is trapped and killed into
Worm, fruit bagging protects, observes and predicts with gyplure, when adult generating capacity is big, sprays with 2500 times of liquid of pyrethrin pesticide Emulsion, interval
20～30 days；The preventing and treating of aphid: the protection natural enemy of aphid such as ladybug, wasp fly, places Yellow sticky trap, wipes out killed branch top,
Before flowering or before leaf roll, as when insect density is bigger with 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable solution Emulsion 400～500 times of liquid, fruit growth period
With 3% acetamiprid wettable powder 1000～2000 times of liquid or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000～3000 times of liquid, interval
15～30 days；The preventing and treating of green plant bug: winter or clear garden in early spring, kills hibernating egg, and hibernating egg incubation period, nymph are contained the phase of sending out and thank
Rear spraying 20% is spent to kill 2500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester Emulsion；The preventing and treating of coccid: the female worm that survives the winter of manually erasing, germination Qian Quan garden spray 3
～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 1～2 generation nymphs hatching Sheng phases (before nymph split-up secretion waxiness) spraying 25% thiazines
Ketone 1000～1500 times of liquid.
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| CN107295931A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-27 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | A kind of tasty and refreshing fragrant and sweet pomegranate cultural method of full seed |
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| CN113133375A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 大理义荣农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method |
| CN115643966A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-01-31 | 海南省丹若农业有限责任公司 | Method for adjusting flowering phase of tropical soft-seed pomegranate |
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