CN111133959A - Method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under photovoltaic power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under a photovoltaic power station, which comprises the following steps: selecting a photovoltaic power station with a photovoltaic panel more than 2 meters away from the ground, and additionally arranging a drainage device, a water storage device and a water-fertilizer-pesticide spraying device on the photovoltaic panel and the bracket; soil preparation; selecting seeds and planting; weeding; topdressing; timely irrigation and drainage: the rainwater quantity in rainy days can be controlled by utilizing the drainage device arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and if the rainfall time is too long or the rainfall is too large, the drainage device can be opened to drain the rainwater out of the planting field; meanwhile, a water storage device is used for storing certain rainwater for watering in the absence of water; removing buds; preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; harvesting; the sealwort is planted under the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic power station, the sun-shading function of the photovoltaic panel can be fully utilized, so that the sun-shading function is combined with the yin-loving habit of the sealwort, meanwhile, the control of the water content of a planting field in the sealwort planting process can be well controlled, and the controllable management is realized by spraying water, fertilizer and pesticide in the sealwort planting management process through special equipment.

Description

Method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under photovoltaic power station

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to a method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under a photovoltaic power station.

Background

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is also named as tiger ginger and rhizoma polygonati, and enjoys the name of "Xianren excess food". Is a plant of Polygonatum of Liliaceae, which is mainly distributed in Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Guangdong (middle and north), Guangxi, Jiangxi, Jiangsu (south), Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Henan (south and west), etc., Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a top-quality product of Polygonatum Sibiricum, is one of the ten Dawan medicines of Anhui, and has the effects of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, invigorating spleen, moistening lung and tonifying kidney.

The polygonatum cyrtonema grows in the forest environment with deep soil layer, fertile soil, sufficient surface moisture, shading and 40-70% of light transmittance, shrubs or valley lands and shade slopes, and is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, poor in adaptability and strong in habitat selectivity, the soil is loose yellow soil or yellow-red soil with good drainage, the effective soil layer is 30-40 cm thick, and the zone with the pH value of 4.5-7.5 is vigorous in growth. The fertile sandy loam is most suitable for growth, and heavy clay, saline-alkali soil, low-lying land and arid land are not suitable for planting. Because the polygonatum cyrtonema has a long growth period and high requirements on the growth environment, natural resources cannot meet the market demands, and in order to protect wild resources of polygonatum cyrtonema and meet the market demands, the development of a planting method for artificially cultivating polygonatum cyrtonema is urgently needed.

Solar photovoltaic power generation is an important component of new energy and renewable energy, is considered as a new energy technology with the greatest development prospect in the world at present, and large-area photovoltaic power stations are used in the whole country at present, and a large number of photovoltaic power stations are also used in Anhui. Some photovoltaic power stations are built on fields or hillsides, and the reasonable utilization of the land below the photovoltaic power stations becomes a problem.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under a photovoltaic power station, wherein a planting facility of polygonatum cyrtonema is established under a solar panel, namely a photovoltaic greenhouse planting mode is adopted, the planting mode is not reported, the existing planting technology has high cost, low yield and high dependence degree on the environment, therefore, the planting mode provides a natural growth environment similar to wild planting on one hand, and produces high-quality polygonatum cyrtonema on the other hand, so that the economic benefit and the social benefit are improved.

The technical problem solved by the invention and the adopted technical scheme are as follows:

1) and selecting a photovoltaic power station with a photovoltaic panel more than 2 meters away from the ground, and ploughing and improving the soil to ensure that the soil has loose texture and strong air permeability, and preferably adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 4.5-7.5.

Install drainage and water storage and liquid manure medicine sprinkler additional to photovoltaic board and support.

2) Land preparation: the method comprises the steps of cleaning residual branches, fallen leaves, stones and weeds on the ground surface, applying 1500kg-2000kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 50kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of field, then deeply turning over for 25-35cm, leveling and finely dividing the field, then disinfecting the soil by lime, and finally making flat or high furrows with the width of 1.1-1.2m, the height of the furrows being about 20cm and the interval of the furrows being about 30 cm. Finely and flatly leveling the soil on the bed surface;

3) seed selection and planting: adopting a rhizome to breed, digging out the rhizome before and after 10 ten days or 3 ten days, selecting a tender part at the front end, cutting the tender part into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is provided with 2-3 sections, and the length of the rhizome is 8-12 cm, and planting the rhizome in a furrow with a good ditch. A7 cm deep groove is formed by a micro-sowing machine or manually according to the row spacing of 20-27 cm, the seed and rhizome are flatly placed in the groove according to the plant spacing of 10-15 cm, the bud holes are upward, the soil is covered by about 2cm, the rice husk is leveled after slight pressing, the rice husk is covered by the rice husk, the thickness is about 5cm, watering is carried out for 1 time after 3-5 days, and the soil humidity is kept at 18% -21% before seedling emergence. The rice hull covering can keep soil moist, maintain soil loose, breathable and not hardened, prevent grasses and keep warm, and is beneficial to seedling emergence.

4) Weeding: after the rice husk covering material is covered, the weeds can be prevented from clustering, soil is kept loose and not hardened, the intertillage link is saved, the damage to root systems during intertillage weeding is avoided, and a small amount of weeds emerging out of the rice husk layer can be pulled out manually and gently.

5) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out in 4, 6, 9 and 11 months every year, and 800-1000kg of fermented human and animal excreta are used in each mu of field for the first three times; applying 800-1000kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu at the last time, and mixing 50kg of calcium superphosphate; 50kg of compound fertilizer (a commercial product, the percentage content of total nitrogen, effective phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 17:17: 17); after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is applied in a furrow and then watered to accelerate the formation and growth of roots;

6) timely irrigation and drainage: after rice hull covering is covered, the field wet state is kept for a long time, but watering needs to be carried out in time when the field is in drought weather, accumulated water needs to be prevented when rainwater is too much in rainy season, and waterlogging is drained in time so as to avoid root rot;

7) removing buds: the plant nutrients are consumed during flowering, and in order to promote the nutrient to be transferred to the rhizome part of the harvested material and improve the yield, flower buds are picked off in time before the flower buds are formed in 4 months;

8) and (3) pest control: spraying carbendazim every 4 middle ten days every year, and continuously preventing and treating diseases for 2-3 times every 7-10 days, wherein the using amount of the carbendazim is based on a product specification; adopting a black light lamp to trap and kill adults in the high-incidence period of underground pests, and soaking elm branches with pesticide to trap and kill adults unconditionally; during collection, stems and leaves above the rice husk layer are removed, rice husks are gathered to be used as wet compost, and then roots and stems are dug. Can effectively prevent insect eggs and grass seeds from entering the soil on the ground surface and prevent insect pests and weeds from growing in the next year.

9) Harvesting: digging and harvesting 3 years after planting; removing stems and leaves above the rice husk layer, gathering the covered rice husk into a pile by using tools such as a rake and the like, and composting to be used as a base fertilizer. Then digging rootstalk, shaking off soil, cutting off fibrous root, cleaning with clear water, steaming in a steamer for 10-20 min, taking out after steaming till penetrating through the heart, and drying completely.

Processing rice hull covering: the rice husk is added with wet sand, patrinia scabiosaefolia link, sheep manure and a leaven, fully mixed, sprayed with water to enable the humidity to reach 50%, and covered with a plastic film to be fermented for 3 months in a sealing way, so that the rice husk can be used as a base fertilizer. The fermented substances comprise the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts of rice hull and 300 parts of wet sand; 50-300 parts of patrinia scabiosaefolia (dry leaves and small branches), 250-350 parts of sheep manure: 1-1.5 parts of a leavening agent. Wherein, the wet sand is held by hand to form a cluster, the wet sand is loosened by hand, the humidity is about 25%, the leavening agent is a common commercial product, and the leavening agent used in the embodiment has the commodity name: the straw starter strain mainly comprises bifidus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, acetic acid and the like, and the production factory comprises the following components: feed division of Qinghai Ruizhong general company in Henan province, and the sheep manure is decomposed sheep manure in the prior art. During the first planting, rice hulls used for fermenting the base fertilizer are provided by a rice processing factory; and when the rice hulls are planted again, the rice hulls which are covered on the planting field in the previous batch can be used, and the rice hulls need to be sterilized and inactivated by once high-temperature steam to kill worm eggs and weed seeds which are stored in the rice hulls.

The sealwort is planted under the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic power station, the sun-shading function of the photovoltaic panel can be fully utilized, so that the sun-shading function is combined with the yin-loving habit of the sealwort, meanwhile, the control of the water content of a planting field in the sealwort planting process can be well controlled, and the controllable management is realized by spraying water, fertilizer and pesticide in the sealwort planting management process through special equipment. Particularly, a drainage device, a water storage device and a water and fertilizer medicine spraying device are arranged on a bracket below a photovoltaic panel; the water drainage device, the water storage device and the water and fertilizer pesticide spraying device are fixed on a photovoltaic power station bracket, and the photovoltaic power station bracket comprises an inclined placing plate (1) and side brackets (2) close to two sides of the placing plate (1);

the drainage device is a drainage groove (3) and is arranged at one end of the placing plate (1) close to the ground, and a plurality of middle support frames (4) are arranged at the positions of the bottom of the photovoltaic power station bracket close to the front surface of the photovoltaic power station bracket and between the side brackets (2);

the water storage device is characterized in that a water storage tank (5) is tied to the outer surface of the middle support frame (4) and is communicated with the drainage tank (3) through a connecting pipe;

the water and fertilizer spraying device is a water and fertilizer spraying nozzle (6) which is arranged on the surface of the middle support frame (4) and is positioned above the water storage tank (5);

wherein, both ends of the drainage channel (3) are also rotatably connected with a switch door panel (7), and the inner surface of the drainage channel (3) is clamped with the switch door panel (7).

The principle and the effect are as follows: when the rainwater storage tank is used, the switch door plate is opened under the condition of large rainfall, so that two ends of the drainage groove are in an open state, rainwater falling above the placing plate flows into the drainage groove and is discharged from two ends of the drainage groove, and at the moment, the water storage tank normally stores water;

the switch door plate is closed under the state of small rainfall, namely, two ends of the drainage groove are filled with blocks, rainwater falling above the placing plate flows into the drainage groove and slowly overflows from the drainage groove, and at the moment, the water storage tank normally stores water;

can use the connecting pipe to be connected its water drainage tank and liquid manure medicine shower nozzle under the condition that above-mentioned state needs irrigated, realize spraying and irrigate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the present invention in a front view;

FIG. 2 is a side view, partially in section, schematically illustrating the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure A in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. placing the plate; 2. a side bracket; 3. a water discharge tank; 4. a middle support; 5. a water storage tank; 6. a water fertilizer medicine spray head; 7. and opening and closing the door panel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1: a method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema in a rice hull covering mode comprises the following steps:

1) site selection: the planting field is preferably sandy loam, the soil has loose texture and strong air permeability, the pH value of the soil is preferably 4.5-7.5, and the contents of organic matters and humus are high;

2) land preparation: cleaning residual branches, fallen leaves, stones and weeds on the ground surface, applying 1500kg-2000kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 50kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of field, then deeply turning for 25-35cm, leveling and finely dividing the field, then disinfecting the soil by lime, finally making flat or high ridges, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.1-1.2m, the height of each ridge is about 20cm, and the space between the ridges is about 30cm, and finely and flatly dividing the soil on the bed surface;

3) seed selection and planting: adopting a rhizome to breed, digging out the rhizome before and after 10 ten days or 3 ten days, selecting a tender part at the front end, cutting the tender part into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is provided with 2-3 sections, and the length of the rhizome is 8-12 cm, and planting the rhizome in a furrow with a good ditch. A7 cm deep groove is formed by a micro-sowing machine or manually according to the row spacing of 20-27 cm, the seed and rhizome are flatly placed in the groove according to the plant spacing of 10-15 cm, the bud hole is directed upwards, the soil is covered by about 2cm, the rice husk is leveled after slight pressing, the thickness of the rice husk is about 5cm, watering is carried out for 1 time after 3-5 days, and the soil humidity is kept at 18% -21% before seedling emergence. The rice husk can keep the soil moist, maintain the soil loose, breathable and not hardened, prevent grasses and keep warm, and is beneficial to seedling emergence.

4) Weeding: after rice husks are covered, weeds can be prevented from clustering, soil is kept loose and not hardened, an intertillage link is omitted, damage to root systems during intertillage weeding is avoided, and a small amount of weeds emerging out of rice husk layers can be pulled out manually and gently.

5) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out in 4, 6, 9 and 11 months every year, and 800-1000kg of fermented human and animal excreta are used in each mu of field for the first three times; applying 800-1000kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu at the last time, and mixing 50kg of calcium superphosphate; 50kg of compound fertilizer (a commercial product, the percentage content of total nitrogen, effective phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 17:17: 17); after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is applied in a furrow and then watered to accelerate the formation and growth of roots;

6) timely irrigation and drainage: after rice husks are covered, the field is kept in a wet state for a long time, but watering needs to be carried out in time when the field is in drought weather, accumulated water needs to be prevented when rainwater is too much in rainy season, and waterlogging is drained in time so as to avoid root rot;

7) removing buds: the plant nutrients are consumed during flowering, and in order to promote the nutrient to be transferred to the rhizome part of the harvested material and improve the yield, flower buds are picked off in time before the flower buds are formed in 4 months;

8) and (3) pest control: : spraying carbendazim every 4 middle ten days every year, and continuously preventing and treating diseases for 2-3 times every 7-10 days, wherein the using amount of the carbendazim is based on a product specification; adopting a black light lamp to trap and kill adults in the high-incidence period of underground pests, and soaking elm branches with pesticide to trap and kill adults unconditionally; during collection, stems and leaves above the rice husk layer are removed, rice husks are gathered to be used as wet compost, and then roots and stems are dug. Can effectively prevent insect eggs and grass seeds from entering the soil on the ground surface and prevent insect pests and weeds from growing in the next year.

9) Harvesting: digging and harvesting 3 years after planting; removing stems and leaves above the rice husk layer, gathering the covered rice husk into a pile by using tools such as a rake and the like, and composting to be used as a base fertilizer. Then digging rootstalk, shaking off soil, cutting off fibrous root, cleaning with clear water, steaming in a steamer for 10-20 min, taking out after steaming till penetrating through the heart, and drying completely.

10) After gathering the rice hulls into a pile, adding wet sand, patrinia scabiosaefolia, sheep manure and a leavening agent, fully mixing, spraying water to enable the humidity to reach 50%, and covering a plastic film for closed fermentation for 3 months to be used as a base fertilizer. The fermented substances comprise the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts of rice hull and 300 parts of wet sand; 50-300 parts of patrinia scabiosaefolia (dry leaves and small branches), 250-350 parts of sheep manure: 1-1.5 parts of a leavening agent. Wherein, the wet sand is held by hand to form a cluster, the wet sand is loosened by hand, the humidity is about 25%, the leavening agent is a common commercial product, and the leavening agent used in the embodiment has the commodity name: the straw starter strain mainly comprises bifidus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, acetic acid and the like, and the production factory comprises the following components: feed division of Qinghai Ruizhong general company in Henan province, and the sheep manure is decomposed sheep manure in the prior art. During the first planting, rice hulls used for fermenting the base fertilizer are provided by a rice processing factory; and when the rice hulls are planted again, the rice hulls which are covered on the planting field in the previous batch can be used, and the rice hulls need to be sterilized and inactivated by once high-temperature steam to kill worm eggs and weed seeds which are stored in the rice hulls.

Example 2

Basically the same as example 1, except that the rice husk covering thickness was changed to 2cm, the grass-insect pest control effect and the soil hardening condition were observed.

Observation shows that after the thickness of the rice hull covering layer is reduced to 2cm, 1 plant of weeds per square is generated, and the thickness of the rice hull covering land is about 0.4 plant per square when the rice hull covering land is 5cm, so that the weed amount is increased by more than one time; the insect pest situation is basically consistent, five sample blocks are sampled and checked, and no insect pest is found; according to the observation record within one month after rain, the soil moisture content is reduced to 2cm land blocks with the average water content of 30 percent and slightly higher than that of the land blocks with the thickness of 5cm (the average water content is 25 percent) in the first 5 days, the humidity is basically equal (20 percent) in the middle 10 days, the humidity of the land blocks covered by the rice hulls with the thickness of 2cm is slightly lower than that of the land blocks covered by the rice hulls with the thickness of 5cm in the last 15 days, and the difference value is increased along with the time extension, which shows that the former is slightly lower than the latter in the moisture preserving and waterlogging preventing capacity; the soil hardening is basically the same, and the hardening condition does not occur; according to observation, the emergence rate of rhizoma polygonati can reach more than 95% by covering two different rice hulls with different thicknesses.

Example 3

Basically the same as example 1, except that rice hulls were not covered, weeds, insect pests and soil hardening were observed. Through observation, rice hull plots are not covered, the weed amount is large, and the seedling emergence number is about 4.1 plants per square; in the pest damage condition, sampling five sample blocks, covering the rice hull plot without pest damage, and uncovering the plot without pest eggs 2; according to the observation record within one month after rain, except that the soil humidity of the plot which is not covered with the rice hulls is slightly higher than that of the plot which is covered with the rice hulls in the first 3 days, the humidity of the plot is gradually lower than that of the plot which is covered with the rice hulls along with the prolonging of time, particularly, the difference value is sharply increased along with the time after ten days, which shows that the plot is lower than that of the plot on the moisture retention and waterlogging prevention capability; in the aspect of soil hardening, the hardening phenomenon is gradually serious in the plots not covered with the rice husks, wherein the air porosity of the plots not covered with the rice husks is reduced to 40% from 60% to 5 months, and the air porosity of the plots covered with the rice husks of 5cm is kept between 50% and 55% within five months; and (3) sampling sample blocks at the same time according to the growth condition of roots, wherein the roots of the rice husk covered land blocks grow better than the roots of the rice husk uncovered land blocks, the roots of the rice husk covered land blocks are taken as tubers planted for one year, and the rice husk covered land blocks are about 8g heavier than the rice husk uncovered land blocks in growth amount.

Claims (4)

1. A method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under a photovoltaic power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting a photovoltaic power station with a photovoltaic panel more than 2 meters away from the ground, and ploughing and improving the soil to ensure that the soil is loose in texture and strong in air permeability, and preferably adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 4.5-7.5;

a drainage device, a water storage device and a water and fertilizer pesticide spraying device are additionally arranged on the photovoltaic panel and the bracket;

2) land preparation: cleaning residual branches, fallen leaves, stones and weeds on the ground surface under the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, fertilizing, deeply turning for 25-35cm, leveling and refining the ground, then disinfecting the soil by lime, finally making flat beds or high beds, and leveling the soil on the bed surface;

3) seed selection and planting: adopting rhizomes for propagation, selecting young parts at the tips of the rhizomes, cutting the young parts into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is provided with 2-3 sections, the length of the rhizomes is 8-12 cm, planting the rhizomes into furrows with a groove, forming deep grooves with the row spacing of 20-27 cm, flatly placing the rhizomes in the grooves with the plant spacing of 10-15 cm, paying attention to upward bud eyes, covering soil for about 2cm, slightly compacting and leveling the seeds, covering rice hull coverings with the thickness of about 5cm, watering for 1 time after 3-5 days, and keeping the soil humidity at 18-21% before emergence of seedlings;

4) weeding: after the rice hull covering is covered, weeds can be prevented from clustering, and a small amount of weeds emerging out of the rice hull layer can be pulled out manually and lightly;

5) topdressing: topdressing is carried out in 4, 6, 9 and 11 months every year;

6) timely irrigation and drainage: the rainwater quantity in rainy days can be controlled by utilizing the drainage device arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and if the rainfall time is too long or the rainfall is too large, the drainage device can be opened to drain the rainwater out of the planting field; meanwhile, a water storage device is used for storing certain rainwater for watering in the absence of water;

7) removing buds: timely picking off flower buds before the flower buds are formed in the month of 4;

8) and (3) pest control: spraying carbendazim every 4 middle ten days every year, and continuously controlling the diseases for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; adopting a black light lamp to trap and kill adults in the high-incidence period of underground pests, and soaking elm branches with pesticide to trap and kill adults unconditionally;

9) harvesting: digging and harvesting 3 years after planting; removing stems and leaves above the rice hull covering layer; then digging rootstalk, shaking off soil, cutting off fibrous root, cleaning with clear water, steaming in a steamer for 10-20 min, taking out after steaming till penetrating through the heart, and drying completely.

2. The method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under the photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizing in the step 2 is specifically applying 1500kg-2000kg of decomposed sheep manure and 50kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of field.

3. The method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under the photovoltaic power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice hull covering in the step 3) is processed by the following steps: adding wet sand, patrinia scabiosaefolia, sheep manure and a leavening agent into the rice hulls, fully mixing, spraying water to enable the humidity of the rice hulls to reach 50%, covering a plastic film, sealing and fermenting for 3 months, and then using the rice hulls as a base fertilizer; the fermented substances comprise the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts of rice hull and 300 parts of wet sand; 50-300 parts of patrinia scabiosaefolia (dry leaves and small branches), 250-350 parts of sheep manure: 1-1.5 parts of a leavening agent; wherein the wet sand is suitable for being agglomerated by hand and being scattered by hand, the humidity is about 25 percent, and the leavening agent is a common commercial product.

4. The method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, wherein the drainage device and the water storage device and the water and fertilizer pesticide spraying device in the step 1) are fixed on a photovoltaic power station bracket, and the photovoltaic power station bracket comprises an inclined placing plate (1) and side brackets (2) close to two sides of the placing plate (1);

the drainage device is a drainage groove (3) and is arranged at one end of the placing plate (1) close to the ground, and a plurality of middle support frames (4) are arranged at the positions of the bottom of the photovoltaic power station bracket close to the front surface of the photovoltaic power station bracket and between the side brackets (2);

the water storage device is characterized in that a water storage tank (5) is tied to the outer surface of the middle support frame (4) and is communicated with the drainage tank (3) through a connecting pipe;

the water and fertilizer spraying device is a water and fertilizer spraying nozzle (6) which is arranged on the surface of the middle support frame (4) and is positioned above the water storage tank (5);

wherein, both ends of the drainage channel (3) are also rotatably connected with a switch door panel (7), and the inner surface of the drainage channel (3) is clamped with the switch door panel (7).

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