CN104521531A - Method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland - Google Patents
Method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521531A CN104521531A CN201510009191.2A CN201510009191A CN104521531A CN 104521531 A CN104521531 A CN 104521531A CN 201510009191 A CN201510009191 A CN 201510009191A CN 104521531 A CN104521531 A CN 104521531A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland. The method includes the following steps of plantation establishment and paris polyphylla culture, wherein plantation establishment includes site selection and afforestation, paris polyphylla culture includes pit formation, seedling transplantation, field management and harvest, and field management specifically includes the seedling thinning and filling technology, the intertillage weed removal and hilling technology, the irrigation and water drainage technology, the topdressing technology, the bud picking technology, the shading technology and the disease and pest control technology. Compared with the prior art, the systematic kiwi fruit woodland culture method is formed, the reasonable layout of the paris polyphylla is emphasized, the resource use rate is greatly increased, production cost is effectively reduced, the yield of the paris polyphylla is increased, and the purpose of ecological environment protection is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics field, more specifically, relate to a kind of cultivation method of medicinal plant.
Background technology
Paris polyphylla (Paris polyphylla Smith), belongs to Liliaceae (Liliaceae) Paris (Paris) herbaceos perennial.In China, medicinal history is long, is a kind of important rare traditional Chinese medicine, is used as medicine with rhizome, is one of the main component of Yunnan Baiyao, Sichuan antivirus powder, jidesheng sheyao tablets, Gong Xue Ning, the heat poison famous Chinese patent drug such as clear.Natural paris polyphylla is distributed in Tibet Autonomous Region (southeast), Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou Province at home, be distributed in Bhutan, Sillim, Nepal and Vietnam abroad, under being born in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of height above sea level 1800 ~ 3200m, theropencedrymion, dark and damp place, hillside and scrub forest.Paris polyphylla belongs to ombrophyte, and have the habit of " Yi Yin fears solarization, happiness is wet avoid dry ", degree of shading suitable in its process of growth 60% ~ 70%, should avoid high light direct projection, but oblique fire or scattering luminous energy effectively promote that it grows fast.
Along with the fast development of Chinese Medicine Industry and increasing considerably of tcm clinical practice medication, price of medicinal material increases substantially, have stimulated the enthusiasm that medicinal herb grower excavates, long-term predatoriness is continuously excavated and is made wild resource fewer and feweri, pharmacy corporation also increases substantially purchasing price, and present purchasing price is more than 500 yuan/kilogram.At present, domestic market demand amount reaches about 3000 tons, and existing supply is only more than 1500 ton, and disparities between supply and demand are given prominence to; therefore, carry out artificial cultivation technique research, can fundamentally solve the market source of goods in short supply; alleviate imbalance between supply and demand, also can play protection wild resource simultaneously, walk Sustainable Development Road.
At present, the cultivation of paris polyphylla often adopts the method for facility cultivation.Set up cool canopy before transplantation, beat cave by 2.5 × 2.5m and plant stake, select degree of shading be 70% sunshade net fix, cool canopy height is apart from ground about 1.8m.Selection physical features is smooth, draining is convenient, containing humus and organic higher loose sand loam, autumn and winter by soil deep tillage 20 ~ 25cm, in conjunction with whole every mu of farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 40kg ploughs under in soil and makes base manure, shallow plowing thin rake leveling bedding again before planting, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, ditch height 25cm.Plant after falling seedling with late October to late November seedling season and just can transplant.By seeding row spacing 15cm × 15cm, dark 5 ~ 6cm trench digging plants seedling, after field planting, covers furrow face with mountain grass or pine needle.Field management, water in time during arid, timely draining in rainy season, prevents field ponding and brings out disease, and topdress in good time, intertill and clean tillage loosens the soil and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Planting seed is emerged and is gathered for latter 9 years, gathers after Propagation of Rhizomes plantation 3-5.In March in annual October to next year, excavate after terrestrial stem is withered.The rhizome cutting band terminal bud is used as to plant, and remainder cleans earth, and removing fibrous root and cauline leaf, be cut into the thin slice of 5mm, dryness in the sun or oven dry (Yang Bin etc., the cultivation of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Appropriate application).
The cost of Artificial facilities cultivation paris polyphylla is higher, and difficulty meets the environmental condition of paris polyphylla growth.Select cultivation under woods, utilize existing forest land, forest land availability can be improved, reduce the consumption of wild resource, protection of the environment.Therefore, select suitable cultivation forest land, carry out the technical research of cultivation under woods, seem particularly important.
Forest economy makes full use of existing sylvan life land resources and Lin Yin advantage, is engaged in the three-dimensional laminating production operation such as sylvan life cultivation, plantation, thus makes the ecological agricultural model that each industry of Agriculture, forestry And Animal Husbandry realizes resource-sharing, has complementary advantages, forms a circle, develops in harmony.Woods medicine pattern is the one in forest economy pattern, so-called woods medicine pattern be exactly on slash between plant the medicinal plant of comparatively resistance to shade.In woods pharmacopoeia implant model, in order to realize the efficiency utilization of resource, cost is reduced, per mu yield improves, and have two below the key element that must consider: 1, the determination of forest land vegetation, the crop varieties type of selection must be arranged in pairs or groups with another crop; 2, forest land vegetation and medicinal plant layout, rational layout is conducive to reducing the Competitive assays between crop, strengthens synergy, is conducive to the field operation of small-sized machine simultaneously.Research at present for the underwood planting of paris polyphylla has bibliographical information (Zhang Wei, paris polyphylla GAP underwood planting and the research of artificial propagation promoting culture technique), in this literary composition, author is in order to improve the transplanting survival rate of paris polyphylla, compare the survival rate (Gong Fanwu of some sylvan life paris polyphyllas, paris polyphylla seed seedling-raising technical research), result of study shows in walnut sylvan life transplanting paris polyphylla survival rate higher, but not yet forms systematic cultivation method.At present also for seeing the report of kiwi fruit cultivation under woods paris polyphylla.After the advantage of kiwi fruit cultivation under woods is the kiwi fruit branch after pruning to pulverize, stacking is made compost in the ground, branch chip both can be used as organic fatly, can source of nutrition be made again.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the cultivation method of the standardized paris polyphylla under a kind of kiwi fruit forest land, from the addressing of growing area, to the foundation of kiwi fruit woods, and the cultivation of paris polyphylla, realize omnidistance standardization, rational deployment of the present invention has taken into full account the optimum growing condition of two kinds of crops, realize maximum resource utilization, while reducing costs, make the output increased of paris polyphylla.Cultivation method of the present invention specifically comprises following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: selection height above sea level is 500m ~ 1100m, year-round average temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, frost-free season more than 240d, annual rainfall 1400mm ~ 1600mm, relative air humidity is greater than 75%, soil pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0, heavy metal content in soil meets the region (GB15618-1995) of standard of soil environment quality;
(2) woods is built:
Namely kiwi fruit woods is planted, kiwi fruit woods posture is horizontal scaffolding structure, rack and panel construction: frame is high 1.8 ~ 2.2 meters, a pillar is established every 4 ~ 5 meters, be square arrangement, pillar is high 2.2 ~ 2.5 meters, around side column is thicker, be 12 cm x 12 centimetres, outward-dippingly in miter angle imbed in ground, utilize moorstone that column and the key line turnbuckle of the traction on it are strained and fixed, bifilar No. 8 iron wires of key line around, interior bone main line sub-thread No. 8 iron wires, other co-ordinations, are distributed in branch line No. 12 iron wires between key line, and a wire spacing is 50 centimetres; By seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment kiwi fruit woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of kiwi fruit woods can be made to reach 0.7-0.8;
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) bedding: furrow face width 80cm, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25cm, ditch is communicated, sets out the mouth of a river, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face after sowing;
(2) transplantation of seedlings is planted: to the plot can carrying out whole ground, conscientiously remove assorted filling, weeds, impurity and residue, after ploughing deeply, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is spread on the ground equably, the standard of using is 2000 ~ 3000kg/ mu, plough deeply more than 30cm to be again exposed to the sun one month, to eliminate worm's ovum, germ, then soil of raking in small, broken bits, the branch that suitable pruning exceeds, guarantee degree of shading is more than 0.7, simultaneously, will along with the increase of the transplant planting time limit, suitably repair except the unnecessary branch of eminence, to transplant after 2 years degree of shading in principle 70%, 50% ~ 60% after 4 years, the time of transplanting may be selected in before spring 3 ~ 4, crescent moon sprouted, also may be selected in for 10 ~ early November carries out, carry out when cloudy or afternoon sunlight is weak, transplant by seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm, laterally ditch in furrow face, ditch depth 4 ~ 6cm, with digging with cultivation, terminal bud bud point will upwards be placed by attention, root system is spread apart in ditch, last ditch is covered with the soil opening the second ditch, furrow face will cover pine needle or humus soil, thickness is advisable not reveal soil, plant well and irrigate normal root water, keep ground moistening at any time later,
(3) field management: specifically comprise thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill and clean tillage and ridging, irrigation and drainage, topdress, pluck flower bud, shelter from heat or light and the techniques of pest control;
1, thinning and filling the gaps with seedlings: in the May that transplanting is annual afterwards, to planting site or live a part of suitably pulling out overstocked, thin and weak and have the seedling of damage by disease and insect, mend cultivation in time, to ensure the seedling number of every mu simultaneously, normal root water to be watered when filling the gaps with seedlings, ensureing the survival of seedling and enough seedling density;
2, intertillage, weeding and ridging: the suitable shallow hoe of intertill and clean tillage, first pulls out the weeds around plant, then removes other weeds or intertillage gently with spud, can not be excessively dark during operation, in order to avoid injure root and seedling, topdresses and can carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.Annual intertillage more than 6 times;
3, irrigation and draining: after transplanting, every 10 ~ 15d waters once in time, soil moisture is made to remain on 30% ~ 40%, few to water demand before emerging, should not water, otherwise easily rotten, need water many after emerging, furrow face and soil layer will keep moistening, and note reason ditch, keep draining unimpeded, rainy season wants timely draining, must guard against furrow area water;
4, topdress: fertilizer is based on fertilizer, be aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer, use no or little chemical fertilizer, forbidding chemical nitrogen fertilizer, different growth and development stage need rationally topdress, and fertilization time is selected in the animated period of nourishing and growing and bears fruit stage phase, namely 4,6, October, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields or is watered to water and executes, and before the time is preferably selected in and rains, or waters a water after fertilising;
5, flower bud is plucked: according to the needs produced, if do not need to reserve seed for planting, for reducing nutrient consumption, making nutrient centralizedly supply in underground rhizome part, promoting root growth, when there is calyx sheet 4 ~ July, ovary should being extractd in time, retain sepal, improving output by promoting photosynthesis;
6, shade: to the plot of underwood planting, when light transmittance is too low, repair except the too much branches and leaves of forest, when degree of shading is inadequate, the way that slotting branch shades can be taked;
7, main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique: their early stage is executed with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime and carried out disinfection in sick cave or spray with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, spray in every 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times; After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with copper sulphate 500 times of liquid pouring lesiones; Leaf blight can be prevented and treated with 200 times of bordeaux mixture sprayings;
(4) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
The kind of kiwi fruit is Chinese gooseberry or Kiwifruit.When layout is carried out to kiwi fruit and paris polyphylla, the best environment that shelters from heat or light is obtained in order to make paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla cultivated area is less than kiwi fruit forest land area, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla accounts for 80% ~ 85% of kiwi fruit forest land, and the planting area of paris polyphylla is positioned at the center in kiwi fruit forest land.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: the Deqin County of the northwestward, Yunnan Province.
(2) woods is built: namely plant kiwi fruit woods, kiwi fruit woods posture is horizontal scaffolding structure, rack and panel construction: frame is high 1.8 ~ 2.2 meters, a pillar is established every 4 ~ 5 meters, be square arrangement, pillar is high 2.2 ~ 2.5 meters, around side column is thicker, it is 12 cm x 12 centimetres, outward-dippingly in miter angle imbed in ground, utilize moorstone that column and the key line turnbuckle of the traction on it are strained and fixed, bifilar No. 8 iron wires of key line around, interior bone main line sub-thread No. 8 iron wires, other co-ordinations, be distributed in branch line No. 12 iron wires between key line, propping up wire spacing is 50 centimetres, by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment kiwi fruit woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of kiwi fruit woods can be made to reach 0.7-0.8,
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) bedding: the slope aspect according to plot carries out bedding, furrow face width 80cm, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25cm, ditch is communicated, sets out the mouth of a river, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face after sowing;
(2) transplantation of seedlings is planted: to the plot can carrying out whole ground, conscientiously remove assorted filling, weeds, impurity and residue, after ploughing deeply, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is spread on the ground equably, the standard of using is 2800kg/ mu, plough deeply more than 30cm to be again exposed to the sun one month, to eliminate worm's ovum, germ, then soil of raking in small, broken bits, the branch that suitable pruning exceeds, guarantee degree of shading is more than 0.7, simultaneously, will along with the increase of the transplant planting time limit, suitably repair except the unnecessary branch of eminence, to transplant after 2 years degree of shading in principle 70%, 50% ~ 60% after 4 years, spring by the end of March bud sprout before transplant, carry out when cloudy or afternoon sunlight is weak, transplant by seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm, laterally ditch in furrow face, ditch depth 5cm, with digging with cultivation, terminal bud bud point will upwards be placed by attention, root system is spread apart in ditch, last ditch is covered with the soil opening the second ditch, furrow face will cover pine needle or humus soil, thickness is advisable not reveal soil, plant well and irrigate normal root water, keep ground moistening at any time later,
(3) field management: specifically comprise thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill and clean tillage and ridging, irrigation and drainage, topdress, pluck flower bud, shelter from heat or light and the techniques of pest control;
1, thinning and filling the gaps with seedlings: in the May that transplanting is annual afterwards, to planting site or live a part of suitably pulling out overstocked, thin and weak and have the seedling of damage by disease and insect, mend cultivation in time, to ensure the seedling number of every mu simultaneously, normal root water to be watered when filling the gaps with seedlings, ensureing the survival of seedling and enough seedling density;
2, intertillage, weeding and ridging: the suitable shallow hoe of intertill and clean tillage, first pulls out the weeds around plant, then removes other weeds or intertillage gently with spud, can not be excessively dark during operation, in order to avoid injure root and seedling, topdresses and can carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.Annual intertillage more than 6 times;
3, irrigation and draining: after transplanting, every 10 ~ 15d waters once in time, soil moisture is made to remain on 30% ~ 40%, few to water demand before emerging, should not water, otherwise easily rotten, need water many after emerging, furrow face and soil layer will keep moistening, and note reason ditch, keep draining unimpeded, rainy season wants timely draining, must guard against furrow area water;
4, topdress: fertilizer is based on fertilizer, be aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer, use no or little chemical fertilizer, forbidding chemical nitrogen fertilizer, different growth and development stage need rationally topdress, and fertilization time is selected in the animated period of nourishing and growing and bears fruit stage phase, namely 4,6, October, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields or is watered to water and executes, and before the time is preferably selected in and rains, or waters a water after fertilising;
5, flower bud is plucked: according to the needs produced, if do not need to reserve seed for planting, for reducing nutrient consumption, making nutrient centralizedly supply in underground rhizome part, promoting root growth, when there is calyx sheet 4 ~ July, ovary should being extractd in time, retain sepal, improving output by promoting photosynthesis;
6, shade: to the plot of underwood planting, when light transmittance is too low, repair except the too much branches and leaves of forest, when degree of shading is inadequate, the way that slotting branch shades can be taked;
7, main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique: their early stage is executed with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime and carried out disinfection in sick cave or spray with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, spray in every 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times; After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with copper sulphate 500 times of liquid pouring lesiones; Leaf blight can be prevented and treated with 200 times of bordeaux mixture sprayings;
(4) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
The method of the cultivation paris polyphylla that this embodiment provides, can make every mu of production cost reduce by 5000 yuan, makes the output of paris polyphylla to 200,000 grams/acre simultaneously, is equivalent to every mu of income 100000/ yuan.
Embodiment 2
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: Dongchuan county of northeast of Yunnan province.
(2) woods is built: namely plant kiwi fruit woods, kiwi fruit woods posture is horizontal scaffolding structure, rack and panel construction: frame is high 1.8 ~ 2.2 meters, a pillar is established every 4 ~ 5 meters, be square arrangement, pillar is high 2.2 ~ 2.5 meters, around side column is thicker, it is 12 cm x 12 centimetres, outward-dippingly in miter angle imbed in ground, utilize moorstone that column and the key line turnbuckle of the traction on it are strained and fixed, bifilar No. 8 iron wires of key line around, interior bone main line sub-thread No. 8 iron wires, other co-ordinations, be distributed in branch line No. 12 iron wires between key line, propping up wire spacing is 50 centimetres, by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment kiwi fruit woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of kiwi fruit woods can be made to reach 0.7-0.8,
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) bedding: the slope aspect according to plot carries out bedding, furrow face width 80cm, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25cm, ditch is communicated, sets out the mouth of a river, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face after sowing;
(2) transplantation of seedlings is planted: to the plot can carrying out whole ground, conscientiously remove assorted filling, weeds, impurity and residue, after ploughing deeply, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is spread on the ground equably, the standard of using is 2600kg/ mu, plough deeply more than 30cm to be again exposed to the sun one month, to eliminate worm's ovum, germ, then soil of raking in small, broken bits, the branch that suitable pruning exceeds, guarantee degree of shading is more than 0.7, simultaneously, will along with the increase of the transplant planting time limit, suitably repair except the unnecessary branch of eminence, to transplant after 2 years degree of shading in principle 70%, 50% ~ 60% after 4 years, the time of transplanting may be selected in before spring 3 ~ 4, crescent moon sprouted, also may be selected in for 10 ~ early November carries out, carry out when cloudy or afternoon sunlight is weak, transplant by seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm, laterally ditch in furrow face, ditch depth 4 ~ 6cm, with digging with cultivation, terminal bud bud point will upwards be placed by attention, root system is spread apart in ditch, last ditch is covered with the soil opening the second ditch, furrow face will cover pine needle or humus soil, thickness is advisable not reveal soil, plant well and irrigate normal root water, keep ground moistening at any time later,
(3) field management: specifically comprise thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill and clean tillage and ridging, irrigation and drainage, topdress, pluck flower bud, shelter from heat or light and the techniques of pest control;
1, thinning and filling the gaps with seedlings: in the May that transplanting is annual afterwards, to planting site or live a part of suitably pulling out overstocked, thin and weak and have the seedling of damage by disease and insect, mend cultivation in time, to ensure the seedling number of every mu simultaneously, normal root water to be watered when filling the gaps with seedlings, ensureing the survival of seedling and enough seedling density;
2, intertillage, weeding and ridging: the suitable shallow hoe of intertill and clean tillage, first pulls out the weeds around plant, then removes other weeds or intertillage gently with spud, can not be excessively dark during operation, in order to avoid injure root and seedling, topdresses and can carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.Annual intertillage more than 6 times;
3, irrigation and draining: after transplanting, every 10 ~ 15d waters once in time, soil moisture is made to remain on 30% ~ 40%, few to water demand before emerging, should not water, otherwise easily rotten, need water many after emerging, furrow face and soil layer will keep moistening, and note reason ditch, keep draining unimpeded, rainy season wants timely draining, must guard against furrow area water;
4, topdress: fertilizer is based on fertilizer, be aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer, use no or little chemical fertilizer, forbidding chemical nitrogen fertilizer, different growth and development stage need rationally topdress, and fertilization time is selected in the animated period of nourishing and growing and bears fruit stage phase, namely 4,6, October, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields or is watered to water and executes, and before the time is preferably selected in and rains, or waters a water after fertilising;
5, flower bud is plucked: according to the needs produced, if do not need to reserve seed for planting, for reducing nutrient consumption, making nutrient centralizedly supply in underground rhizome part, promoting root growth, when there is calyx sheet 4 ~ July, ovary should being extractd in time, retain sepal, improving output by promoting photosynthesis;
6, shade: to the plot of underwood planting, when light transmittance is too low, repair except the too much branches and leaves of forest, when degree of shading is inadequate, the way that slotting branch shades can be taked;
7, main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique: their early stage is executed with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime and carried out disinfection in sick cave or spray with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, spray in every 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times; After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with copper sulphate 500 times of liquid pouring lesiones; Leaf blight can be prevented and treated with 200 times of bordeaux mixture sprayings;
(4) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
The method of the cultivation paris polyphylla that this embodiment provides, can make every mu of production cost reduce by 5000 yuan, makes the output of paris polyphylla to 250,000 grams/acre simultaneously, is equivalent to every mu of income 125000/ yuan.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. utilize actinidia tree forest land to cultivate a method for paris polyphylla, comprise following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: selection height above sea level is 500m ~ 1100m, year-round average temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, frost-free season more than 240d, annual rainfall 1400mm ~ 1600mm, relative air humidity is greater than 75%, soil pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0, heavy metal content in soil meets the region (GB15618-1995) of standard of soil environment quality;
(2) woods is built: namely plant kiwi fruit woods, kiwi fruit woods posture is horizontal scaffolding structure, rack and panel construction: frame is high 1.8 ~ 2.2 meters, a pillar is established every 4 ~ 5 meters, be square arrangement, pillar is high 2.2 ~ 2.5 meters, around side column is thicker, it is 12 cm x 12 centimetres, outward-dippingly in miter angle imbed in ground, utilize moorstone that column and the key line turnbuckle of the traction on it are strained and fixed, bifilar No. 8 iron wires of key line around, interior bone main line sub-thread No. 8 iron wires, other co-ordinations, be distributed in branch line No. 12 iron wires between key line, propping up wire spacing is 50 centimetres, by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment kiwi fruit woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of kiwi fruit woods can be made to reach 0.7-0.8,
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) bedding: furrow face width 80cm, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25cm, ditch is communicated, sets out the mouth of a river, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face after sowing;
(2) transplantation of seedlings is planted: to the plot can carrying out whole ground, conscientiously remove assorted filling, weeds, impurity and residue, after ploughing deeply, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is spread on the ground equably, the standard of using is 2000 ~ 3000kg/ mu, plough deeply more than 30cm to be again exposed to the sun one month, to eliminate worm's ovum, germ, then soil of raking in small, broken bits, the branch that suitable pruning exceeds, guarantee degree of shading is more than 0.7, simultaneously, will along with the increase of the transplant planting time limit, suitably repair except the unnecessary branch of eminence, to transplant after 2 years degree of shading in principle 70%, 50% ~ 60% after 4 years, the time of transplanting may be selected in before spring 3 ~ 4, crescent moon sprouted, also may be selected in for 10 ~ early November carries out, carry out when cloudy or afternoon sunlight is weak, transplant by seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm, laterally ditch in furrow face, ditch depth 4 ~ 6cm, with digging with cultivation, terminal bud bud point will upwards be placed by attention, root system is spread apart in ditch, last ditch is covered with the soil opening the second ditch, furrow face will cover pine needle or humus soil, thickness is advisable not reveal soil, plant well and irrigate normal root water, keep ground moistening at any time later,
(3) field management: specifically comprise thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill and clean tillage and ridging, irrigation and drainage, topdress, pluck flower bud, shelter from heat or light and the techniques of pest control;
Thinning with fill the gaps with seedlings: in the May that transplanting is annual afterwards, to planting site or live a part of suitably pulling out overstocked, thin and weak and have the seedling of damage by disease and insect, mend cultivation in time, to ensure the seedling number of every mu simultaneously, normal root water to be watered when filling the gaps with seedlings, ensureing the survival of seedling and enough seedling density;
Intertillage, weeding and ridging: the suitable shallow hoe of intertill and clean tillage, first pull out the weeds around plant, then remove other weeds or intertillage gently with spud, can not be excessively dark during operation, in order to avoid injure root and seedling, topdress and can carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, annual intertillage more than 6 times;
Irrigate and draining: after transplanting, every 10 ~ 15d waters once in time, soil moisture is made to remain on 30% ~ 40%, few to water demand before emerging, should not water, otherwise easily rotten, need water many after emerging, furrow face and soil layer will keep moistening, and note reason ditch, keep draining unimpeded, rainy season wants timely draining, must guard against furrow area water;
Topdress: fertilizer is based on fertilizer, be aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer, use no or little chemical fertilizer, forbidding chemical nitrogen fertilizer, different growth and development stage need rationally topdress, and fertilization time is selected in the animated period of nourishing and growing and bears fruit stage phase, namely 4,6, October, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields or is watered to water and executes, and before the time is preferably selected in and rains, or waters a water after fertilising;
Pluck flower bud: according to the needs produced, if do not need to reserve seed for planting, for reducing nutrient consumption, making nutrient centralizedly supply in underground rhizome part, promoting root growth, when there is calyx sheet 4 ~ July, ovary should being extractd in time, retain sepal, improving output by promoting photosynthesis;
Shade: to the plot of underwood planting, when light transmittance is too low, repair except the too much branches and leaves of forest, when degree of shading is inadequate, the way that slotting branch shades can be taked;
Main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique: their early stage is executed with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime and carried out disinfection in sick cave or spray with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, spray in every 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times; After morbidity, pull out diseased plant in time, with copper sulphate 500 times of liquid pouring lesiones; Leaf blight can be prevented and treated with 200 times of bordeaux mixture sprayings;
(4) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
2. a kind of method utilizing actinidia tree forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the kind of described kiwi fruit is Chinese gooseberry or Kiwifruit.
3. a kind of method utilizing actinidia tree forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, paris polyphylla cultivated area is less than kiwi fruit forest land area.
4. a kind of method utilizing actinidia tree forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla accounts for 80% ~ 85% of kiwi fruit forest land.
5. a kind of method utilizing actinidia tree forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the planting area of paris polyphylla is positioned at the center in kiwi fruit forest land.
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| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
| CN105123372A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 洪江市雪峰药业科技开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating panax notoginseng using kiwi fruit woodland |
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| CN105340547A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-02-24 | 威宁县哲觉镇兴茂种养殖专业合作社 | Planting method for lilium pinifolium |
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| CN110012773A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-16 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of cultural method of moso bamboo forest interplanting paris polyphylla |
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| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
| CN105123372A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 洪江市雪峰药业科技开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating panax notoginseng using kiwi fruit woodland |
| CN105230286A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 金寨县绿野中药材专业合作社 | Method for planting Paris polyphylla |
| CN105340547A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-02-24 | 威宁县哲觉镇兴茂种养殖专业合作社 | Planting method for lilium pinifolium |
| CN106665077A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 云南恩润生物科技发展有限公司 | Method for organically planting Paris polyphylla in organic tea garden |
| CN107926518A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-20 | 龙岩市农业科学研究所 | A kind of paris polyphylla hayashishita imitates wild implantation methods |
| CN108617393A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-10-09 | 苍溪县青和中药材种植有限公司 | A kind of method of Kiwi berry forest interplanting Chinese medicine |
| CN109392641A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-01 | 兴文县人民医院 | A kind of imitating wild planting process of Paris polyphylla |
| CN110012773A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-16 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of cultural method of moso bamboo forest interplanting paris polyphylla |
| CN110506517A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding |
| CN110506517B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-08-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings |
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