CN110506517B - Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings - Google Patents

Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings Download PDF

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CN110506517B
CN110506517B CN201910617243.2A CN201910617243A CN110506517B CN 110506517 B CN110506517 B CN 110506517B CN 201910617243 A CN201910617243 A CN 201910617243A CN 110506517 B CN110506517 B CN 110506517B
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cuttage
seedling
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王胤
姚瑞玲
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings, which comprises the steps of forest stand selection, forest stand cleaning, seedbed preparation and disinfection, matrix preparation, scion cutting and management after cutting, wherein coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest or mixed forest stand with the planting time of more than 3-4 years and the canopy density of 0.5-0.9 is selected, the required area is determined in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale, the forest stand is cleaned, the ground is leveled on the forest land according to the row or column direction to serve as the seedbed, and the trunk, branches and leaves and the ground are sprayed, killed and sterilized; selecting new cutting slips of southern pine, soaking in a rooting agent, directly inserting into a seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, building an arched shed while cutting, and managing after cutting; and finally, transplanting the nursery stock into a seedling hardening garden with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking the nursery stock out of the nursery after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard. The method is not limited by seasons, air temperature and places, prolongs the effective cuttage time of southern pine, reduces the investment cost for large-scale cultivation of southern pine cuttage seedlings, and improves the utilization efficiency of southern pine excellent germplasm resources and the cultivation efficiency of cuttage seedlings.

Description

Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings
Technical Field
The invention belongs to asexual seedling cultivation technology, and relates to a method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings.
Background
Masson pine (A) and (B)Pinus massonianaLamb, slash pine (B.D.)Pinus elliottii) "Tuolong" (a) pine torchPinus taedaL.) and wet plus pine: (Pinus elliottii×Pinus oaribaea) The southern pine is an important resin and wood dual-purpose tree species in the southern part of China, has wide application and high economic value, is not only an excellent building material, but also an excellent raw material for paper making and artificial fiber boards, can be used for producing chemical products such as rosin, pine and the like, and plays an important role in the national economic construction of China. With the increasing demand of people and the stimulation of the shortage of wood resources and the gradual depletion of non-renewable resources such as petroleum, the sustainable development of ecology, economy and society is more and more concerned by the society. Based on the problems of ecological safety, resource safety, social safety and the like in China, southern pines are necessary to be used as main industrial material tree species and biomass energy tree species in China to vigorously develop artificial forests, and asexual rapid propagation is an effective means for shortening the breeding period of the forests and improving the productivity of the artificial forests in unit area. Currently, in actual production, asexual seedling cultivation of southern pine is mostly carried out by adopting a cutting mode, but due to the influence of natural factors such as climate and the like, the cutting effect is better only in the seasons with cool weather and lower temperature in one year, but the effect is poorer in the summer with higher temperature, the cutting branches are easy to rot and have low rooting rate, the effective cutting time is short, and the overall seedling production efficiency is lower; in addition, the conventional cuttage needs to be carried out in a seedling raising greenhouse, the requirement on the field is high, the investment cost is increased invisibly, the threshold for entry is increased, and the popularization and the application of the southern pine cuttage seedling large-scale breeding technology are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low seedling production efficiency, high investment cost and the like caused by the influence of air temperature and a cutting field in the conventional southern pine cutting seedling raising method, the invention provides the method for under-forest scale breeding of the southern pine cutting seedlings, which has low requirements on the cutting field and the technical level of personnel and low cost and can effectively improve the cutting rooting effect and the asexual seedling raising efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a method for under-forest scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings comprises the steps of forest stand selection, forest stand cleaning, seedbed preparation and disinfection, matrix preparation, scion cutting and post-cuttage management, coniferous forest, broad leaf forest or mixed forest stands with the planting time of more than 3-4 years and the canopy density of 0.5-0.9 are selected, the required area is determined in the forest stands according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale, the forest stands are cleaned, the ground is leveled on the forest land in the row or column direction to serve as the seedbed, and the trunk, branches and leaves and the ground are sprayed, insecticidal and sterilized; selecting new cutting slips of southern pine, soaking in rooting agent, directly inserting into seedling raising bag filled with seedling raising matrix, building arched shed while cutting, managing after cutting, transferring nursery stock into nursery garden with sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of nursery stock reaches standard; the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting coniferous forest, broad leaf forest or mixed forest stand which is close to a cutting orchard, convenient to transport, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.5-0.9 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up the impurities on the ground, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, shrubs and the like, and exposing the surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
in order to facilitate management, the ground is leveled on the forest land according to the row or column direction to serve as a seedbed according to the row spacing of the forest stand; after leveling is finished, grass prevention cloth is laid on the seedbed to avoid weed breeding in the later period; then drilling small holes every 50cm on the ground within a range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed along two sides of the seedbed, so as to be convenient for building a plastic arched shed in the later period; meanwhile, drainage ditches with proper number are laid and excavated in the whole seedling raising area according to actual conditions so as to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%; (4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting the seedling substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the seedling substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the cleaned seedling substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a newly-extracted cutting ear of a southern pine which grows robustly and has a length of 6-10 cm, soaking the newly-extracted cutting ear in a rooting agent for 1-4 hours, and directly inserting the newly-extracted cutting ear into a seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising substrate;
(6) managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space; a plastic arched shed is built on a seedbed, a nameplate is uniformly arranged at the same end of the seedbed, and information such as cuttage time, strains, the number of plants and the like is recorded;
the rooting time of the scion wood is different in different cutting seasons, so that the sealing time required by the plastic arched shed is different; cutting in 5-10 months, and sealing the arched shed for 30-45 days after cutting; cutting in 11 months to 4 months of the next year, and sealing the arched shed for 60-65 days after cutting; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; and when the film is completely removed, transplanting the nursery stock into a seedling hardening nursery with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard.
The specification of the seedbed in the step (2) is 8-10 m in length and 1.3-1.5 m in width; the specification of the small hole in the step (2) is 1-2 cm in diameter and 10-15 cm in depth;
the rooting agent in the step (5) comprises the following components: 100-200 mg/L ABT1+ 25-50 mg/L NAA + 15-20 mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3。
The specifications of the arched shed in the step (6) are that the height is 40-50 cm, and the width is 1.5-1.8 m.
The southern pine is Pinus massoniana, slash pine, loblolly pine and wet plus pine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method fully utilizes the characteristics of less direct sunlight, high humidity, low temperature and the like in the stand of coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest or mixed forest with higher canopy density, builds the arched shed to form a microenvironment beneficial to the asexual seedlings of southern pine to root by cutting, solves the problem of poor cutting effect in summer with higher temperature, is not limited by seasons and temperature, prolongs the effective cutting time of southern pine, and improves the utilization efficiency of excellent germplasm resources of southern pine and the cutting seedling cultivation efficiency.
2. According to the method, the understory place is utilized to carry out large-scale cultivation on the southern pine cutting seedlings, so that the land resource utilization efficiency is improved, the working link of forest land tending is avoided, and the production investment of forest culture and management and pest and disease damage occurrence risks are greatly reduced; meanwhile, the method has low requirements on the culture place of the southern pine cutting seedlings and operators, low cost, less investment, quick response, obvious economic and ecological benefits and wide application prospect and technical result transformation potential.
3. The rooting agent has simple components, is easier to popularize and apply in production, and uses NaH to solve the problems of weak growth potential, slow development of adventitious roots, undeveloped root systems and the like of cutting slips of southern pine2PO4Replace conventional KH2PO4The nutrient solution is used as a supplement source of a key nutrient element P in the formation of a root system, and simultaneously meets the requirements of forming adventitious roots and keeping the cutting seedlings young; melatonin as a novel hormone with strong activity matched with ABT1The NAA can effectively improve the rooting speed and the root quality of the root system; through the mutual matching of all the components, the rooting agent effectively improves the cuttage survival rate, obviously improves the cuttage seedling raising efficiency of southern pine, and has obvious progress and substantial effect.
4. The invention adopts the mixed liquid of carbendazim and dimethoate water to carry out spray insecticidal sterilization on the trunks, branches and leaves and the ground when the seedbed is prepared and sterilized, the used mixed liquid can be simultaneously insecticidal sterilized, and the two medicines have low price, easy purchase, low cost and good effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows rooted cutting seedlings of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the cuttage seedling bed after the arch shed is built.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting coniferous forests which are close to a cutting orchard, convenient to traffic, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.5-0.8 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up the impurities on the ground, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, shrubs and the like, and exposing the surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
for convenience of management and management, according to the row spacing of forest stand plants, the flat ground with the length of 8-10 m and the width of 1.3-1.5 m is used as a seedbed on the forest land in a unified manner according to the row or column direction; after leveling is finished, grass prevention cloth is laid on the seedbed to avoid weed breeding in the later period; then drilling 1 small hole with the diameter of 1-2 cm and the depth of 10-15 cm on the ground within the range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed every 50cm along two sides of the seedbed, so as to facilitate later construction of a plastic arched shed; meanwhile, drainage ditches with proper number are laid and excavated in the whole seedling raising area according to actual conditions so as to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%;
(4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting the seedling substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the seedling substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the cleaned seedling substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a new extracted cutting ear of a robust 6-10 cm-long masson pine, soaking the new extracted cutting ear in a rooting agent for 2 hours, and directly inserting the new extracted cutting ear into a seedling culture bag filled with a seedling culture medium; the rooting agent comprises the following components: 100 mg/L ABT1+25 mg/L NAA +15mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) Managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed with the height of 40-50 cm and the width of 1.5-1.8 m is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space; a plastic arched shed is built on a seedbed, a nameplate is uniformly arranged at the same end of the seedbed, and information such as cuttage time, strains, the number of plants and the like is recorded;
cuttage is carried out in 5-10 months, and the arched shed is sealed for 30-45 days after cuttage; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; when the film is completely removed, moving the nursery stock into a nursery garden with a sunshade net for conventional management; and (5) taking out of the nursery after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard.
Example 2:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting broad-leaved forest which is close to the cutting orchard, convenient to traffic, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.6-0.8 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up the impurities on the ground, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, shrubs and the like, and exposing the surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
for convenience of management and management, according to the row spacing of forest stand plants, the flat ground with the length of 8-10 m and the width of 1.3-1.5 m is used as a seedbed on the forest land in a unified manner according to the row or column direction; after leveling is finished, grass prevention cloth is laid on the seedbed to avoid weed breeding in the later period; then drilling 1 small hole with the diameter of 1-2 cm and the depth of 10-15 cm on the ground within the range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed every 50cm along two sides of the seedbed, so as to facilitate later construction of a plastic arched shed; meanwhile, drainage ditches with proper number are laid and excavated in the whole seedling raising area according to actual conditions so as to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%;
(4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting the seedling substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the seedling substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the cleaned seedling substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a new extracted cutting ear of a 6-10 cm strong slash pine, soaking the new extracted cutting ear in a rooting agent for 4 hours, and directly inserting the new extracted cutting ear into a seedling culture bag filled with a seedling culture medium; the rooting agent comprises the following components: 150 mg/L ABT1+35 mg/L NAA +15mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) Managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed with the height of 40-50 cm and the width of 1.5-1.8 m is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space; a plastic arched shed is built on a seedbed, a nameplate is uniformly arranged at the same end of the seedbed, and information such as cuttage time, strains, the number of plants and the like is recorded;
cuttage is carried out from 11 months to 4 months of the next year, and the arched shed is sealed for 60-65 days after cuttage; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; and when the film is completely removed, moving the nursery stock into a seedling hardening nursery with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard.
Example 3:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting mixed forest stands which are close to a cutting garden, convenient to traffic, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.7-0.9 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up the impurities on the ground, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, shrubs and the like, and exposing the surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
for convenience of management and management, according to the row spacing of forest stand plants, the flat ground with the length of 8-10 m and the width of 1.3-1.5 m is used as a seedbed on the forest land in a unified manner according to the row or column direction; after leveling is finished, grass prevention cloth is laid on the seedbed to avoid weed breeding in the later period; then drilling 1 small hole with the diameter of 1-2 cm and the depth of 10-15 cm on the ground within the range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed every 50cm along two sides of the seedbed, so as to facilitate later construction of a plastic arched shed; meanwhile, drainage ditches with proper number are laid and excavated in the whole seedling raising area according to actual conditions so as to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%;
(4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting the seedling substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the seedling substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the cleaned seedling substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a new extracted cutting ear of 6-10 cm strong loblolly pine, soaking the new extracted cutting ear in a rooting agent for 1 h, and directly inserting the new extracted cutting ear into a seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising substrate; the rooting agent comprises the following components: 200 mg/L ABT1+40 mg/L NAA +20 mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) Managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed with the height of 40-50 cm and the width of 1.5-1.8 m is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space; a plastic arched shed is built on a seedbed, a nameplate is uniformly arranged at the same end of the seedbed, and information such as cuttage time, strains, the number of plants and the like is recorded;
cuttage is carried out in 5-10 months, and the arched shed is sealed for 30-45 days after cuttage; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; and when the film is completely removed, moving the nursery stock into a seedling hardening nursery with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard.
Example 4:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting coniferous forests which are close to a cutting orchard, convenient to traffic, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.5-0.9 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up the impurities on the ground, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, shrubs and the like, and exposing the surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
for convenience of management and management, according to the row spacing of forest stand plants, the flat ground with the length of 8-10 m and the width of 1.3-1.5 m is used as a seedbed on the forest land in a unified manner according to the row or column direction; after leveling is finished, grass prevention cloth is laid on the seedbed to avoid weed breeding in the later period; then drilling 1 small hole with the diameter of 1-2 cm and the depth of 10-15 cm on the ground within the range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed every 50cm along two sides of the seedbed, so as to facilitate later construction of a plastic arched shed; meanwhile, drainage ditches with proper number are laid and excavated in the whole seedling raising area according to actual conditions so as to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%;
(4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting a seedling culture substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a newly-extracted cutting shoot which grows strongly and is 6-10 cm long and is wet and loosened, soaking the newly-extracted cutting shoot in a rooting agent for 1.5 h, and directly inserting the newly-extracted cutting shoot into a seedling culture bag filled with a seedling culture medium; the rooting agent comprises the following components: 200 mg/L ABT1+50 mg/L NAA +15mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) Managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed with the height of 40-50 cm and the width of 1.5-1.8 m is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space; a plastic arched shed is built on a seedbed, a nameplate is uniformly arranged at the same end of the seedbed, and information such as cuttage time, strains, the number of plants and the like is recorded;
cuttage is carried out from 11 months to 4 months of the next year, and the arched shed is sealed for 60-65 days after cuttage; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; and when the film is completely removed, moving the nursery stock into a seedling hardening nursery with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard.

Claims (4)

1. A method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings is characterized in that: selecting coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest or mixed forest stand with the planting time of more than 3-4 years and the canopy density of 0.5-0.9, determining the required area in the stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale, cleaning the stand, leveling the ground on the forest land in the row or column direction as a seedbed, and spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, branches and leaves and the ground; selecting new cutting slips of southern pine, soaking in rooting agent, directly inserting into seedling raising bag filled with seedling raising matrix, building arched shed while cutting, managing after cutting, transferring nursery stock into nursery garden with sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of nursery stock reaches standard; the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) selecting forest stands:
selecting coniferous forest, broad leaf forest or mixed forest stand which is close to a cutting orchard, convenient to transport, gentle in slope, long in planting time of more than 3-4 years, 0.5-0.9 in canopy density and not less than 2.5 m in plant spacing or row spacing;
(2) clearing forest stands:
determining the required area in the forest stand according to the seedling cultivation quantity and scale; in the selected area, the trees with disordered partial growths and diseases and insect pests are cut down and cleaned, then the growing side branches on the trunk are cleaned, and the height under the branches is kept to be more than 1.7-2.0 m; cleaning up impurities on the ground and exposing surface soil;
(3) preparing and disinfecting a seedbed:
uniformly leveling the ground as a seedbed on the forest land according to the row or column direction; after leveling, paving grass prevention cloth on the seedbed; then drilling small holes every 50cm on the ground within a range of 10-15 cm away from the edge of the seedbed along two sides of the seedbed, so as to be convenient for building a plastic arched shed in the later period; drainage ditches are distributed and dug in the whole seedling raising area to avoid water accumulation; after the work is finished, spraying, killing insects and sterilizing the trunk, the branches and leaves and the ground by using equal-volume aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.5% and dimethoate with the mass concentration of 0.5%;
(4) preparing a substrate:
uniformly mixing yellow core soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized chaff according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1 to obtain a seedling substrate, and then filling the seedling substrate into a conventional non-woven fabric seedling bag; disinfecting the seedling substrate by using a 0.2-0.4 mass percent carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 24 hours, cleaning the seedling substrate by using clean water the next day, and transferring the cleaned seedling substrate into a prepared seedbed for cuttage;
(5) cutting the scion wood:
selecting a newly-extracted cutting ear of a southern pine which grows robustly and has a length of 6-10 cm, soaking the newly-extracted cutting ear in a rooting agent for 1-4 hours, and directly inserting the newly-extracted cutting ear into a seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising substrate;
(6) managing after cuttage:
firstly, before cuttage is started, an arched shed is built at one end of a seedbed by matching bamboo chips or iron wires with a transparent plastic film; tensioning and straightening the plastic film on the arched shed, compacting the plastic film by using soil on three sides, opening one side for cuttage, building the arched shed while cuttage is performed, and compacting the plastic film at the tail end after cuttage of one seedbed is completed to form a complete closed space;
cuttage is carried out in 5-10 months, and the arched shed is sealed for 30-45 days after cuttage; cutting in 11 months to 4 months of the next year, and sealing the arched shed for 60-65 days after cutting; during the closing period of the arched shed, according to the conditions of the matrix and the spike strips, partially lifting and uncovering the plastic film, spraying a conventional insecticidal and bactericidal agent and supplementing water for 1-2 times, quickly closing the plastic film after spraying, and forming a closed space in the arched shed again;
thirdly, according to the closing degree of the forest stand and the sunlight irradiation condition in the forest, a shading net with shading rate of 70-90% is used for shading properly, and the seedlings are prevented from burning due to overhigh temperature in the arched shed caused by direct sunlight; when no sunlight is directly irradiated, the sunshade net is removed in time; when the hand touches the plastic film on the arched shed and feels hot, spraying water mist on the plastic film for cooling, and cooling for 2-3 times every day;
fourthly, observing the rooting condition of the scion, partially uncovering the plastic film for 1-2 hours in the cool early morning or evening when the rooting rate of the scion reaches more than 90%, and completely removing the plastic film after the seedlings adapt to 7-15 days; applying a conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-0.8% once every 7 days in the period, and continuously applying for 2 times; when the film is completely removed, transplanting the nursery stock into a nursery garden with a sunshade net for conventional management, and taking out the nursery stock after the specification of the nursery stock reaches the standard;
the rooting agent in the step (5) comprises the following components: 100-200 mg/L ABT1+ 25-50 mg/L NAA + 15-20 mg/L melatonin +85 mg/L NaH2PO 4 +10 mg/L H2BO3。
2. The method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cuttings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specification of the seedbed in the step (2) is 8-10 m in length and 1.3-1.5 m in width; the specification of the small hole in the step (3) is 1-2 cm in diameter and 10-15 cm in depth.
3. The method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cuttings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specification of the arched shed in the step (6) is that the height is 40-50 cm, and the width is 1.5-1.8 m.
4. The method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cuttings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the southern pine is Pinus massoniana, slash pine, loblolly pine or wet plus pine.
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