CN114009231A - Fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for punica granatum with soft seeds - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast hard branch cutting seedling method for punica granatum with soft seeds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting and pretreating cutting slips, processing the cutting slips, selecting and processing a substrate, cutting, managing moisture and temperature and light, hardening seedlings, transplanting and planting. The invention has the advantages that: the fast hard branch cutting seedling raising of the soft Tunissan pomegranate greatly reduces the propagation period of the soft Tunissan pomegranate, can effectively improve the propagation survival rate, and can be applied to field production more quickly and efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pomegranate breeding method, in particular to a fast hard-branch cutting seedling method for a Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate, and belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background
In recent years, the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate is very popular with people due to soft seed core, large seed, red color and high economic value, the market demand is increased year by year, and the planting benefit is high. Xinjiang is the oldest pomegranate production area in China, the history of cultivation has been over 2300 years, but local planting is mostly hard-seed pomegranates, the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate seedlings required by Xinjiang production need to be purchased from inland, the price of the seedlings is high, the quality is uneven, the survival rate after introduction is low, and the cultivation time is long. The problems of seedling quality and seedling shortage are urgently needed to be solved in production.
At present, pomegranate seedling cultivation generally adopts layering and division propagation and hardwood grafting propagation, wherein layering and division propagation easily causes underdeveloped seedling root systems, seedlings are slow to recover after transplantation, the death rate is high, and the result is later. The insertion of raspberries is a main means for rapid propagation of pomegranate, because of its advantages of rapid propagation speed, robust growth and the like.
The invention discloses a fast hard branch cutting seedling method for a Tunisia soft seed pomegranate with high survival rate and short breeding time, which improves the breeding, production and application of the Tunisia soft seed pomegranate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fast hard-branch cutting seedling method for the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate, which can effectively reduce the propagation period of the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate and effectively improve the propagation survival rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for punica granatum with soft seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and pretreatment of cutting shoots: and 3, picking in the middle ten days of the month, selecting mature hard branches of 1-2-year-old Tunisia soft-seed pomegranates as cutting slips, wherein the cutting slips are pure in variety, strong in development, strong in growth potential and free of diseases and insect pests. The cutting collection length is about 50cm, and the thickness is 0.7-1.0 cm. The cuttings are stored in a moisture-preserving way at 4 ℃ after being picked for later use.
(2) And (3) cutting treatment: cutting the pomegranate cuttings into cuttings of about 10cm, wherein the cuttings contain 2-3 stem nodes, the cuts on the cuttings are flat cuts, the distance between the cut and the upper bud eye is 4-5 cm, and the cuts are treated by wound healing agents; the lower incision is an oblique incision and is a horseshoe-shaped smooth inclined plane, the inclination is about 45 degrees, and the distance between the incision and the lower bud eye is 0.5-1 cm. And soaking the treated cutting slips in MT solution for 120 min. Taking out and drying in the air for later use.
(3) Selecting and treating a substrate: the cutting medium is perlite, and the treated medium is put into a plastic box and placed on a flat ground for later use.
(4) Cuttage: the cutting mode is a direct cutting method. Cutting the cutting slips into perlite matrix with the depth of about 5cm, watering after cutting, and compacting the matrix. Placing the plastic box in a shady and cool and ventilated place, watering for 1 time every day, and keeping the matrix moist and not dry.
(5) Water content management: preserving moisture and storing at 4 ℃ before cuttage, watering once a proper amount every day after cuttage, and keeping the leaf surface flat and not curled. The water in the matrix is kept at 60-80%, the matrix is held by hands to form a cluster, a small amount of water seeps out, and the matrix is scattered after being put down.
(6) Temperature and light management: the temperature of the substrate is not higher than 35 ℃, and the sun-shading net is used for shading to adjust the illumination.
(7) Hardening seedlings: generally, the rooting rate can reach 70-90% about 25 days after cutting, and at the moment, a large number of calli appear on the roots of a large number of cuttings, and part of calli already take roots. Gradually controlling the moisture content and enhancing the illumination and ventilation.
(8) Transplanting and field planting: and transplanting and planting can be carried out 30-35 days after cuttage. And digging a planting pit, wherein the pit depth is 10-15 cm, and the size of the pit is built according to the size and the topography of the planting field. Transplanting the cutting into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, planting in a planting pit, watering thoroughly, reviving the seedling, and enhancing illumination and ventilation.
The fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for the punica granatum with soft seeds is characterized in that in the step (2), the MT solution is a melatonin solution, the concentration needs to be 25mg/L, and the cutting slips need to be soaked for 120 min.
The fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for the punica granatum with soft seeds is characterized in that the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(3-1) the perlite used as the cutting medium needs to be sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours one day before use, and then is rinsed by clean water after sterilization.
(3-2) before use, the cutting medium perlite needs to be mixed with water and stirred, and the humidity of the medium is kept between 60 and 80 percent.
(3-3) the plastic box is a conventional plastic logistics box (external diameter: 600 mm; width: 300 mm; height: 250mm), and the bottom of the plastic box is perforated.
The fast hard-branch cutting seedling raising method for the punica granatum with soft seeds is characterized in that in the step (4), the row spacing of the cuttings is 5cm multiplied by 6cm, and the cuttings are uniformly inserted into a plastic box.
The fast hard-branch cutting seedling raising method for the punica granatum with the soft Tuniss seeds is characterized in that in the step (6), shading is carried out on 7 days after cutting by using a 50-70% shading net all day long.
The fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for the punica granatum with soft Tunissl seeds is characterized in that the step (8) comprises the following steps,
(8-1) in the transplanting and field planting time, callus is generated on most of the cutting slips, a small part of the cutting slips are rooted, and the period is observed to be 30-35 days after cutting.
(8-2) non-woven fabric seedling raising bags (diameter: 8 cm; height: 12cm) are arranged at intervals of 12cm, and soil is covered in gaps for planting.
The invention has the advantages that: the mature hard branches of the 1-2-year-old Tunisse soft-seed pomegranates are used as cutting slips for hard branch cutting, the survival rate is high, the propagation efficiency of the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranates is improved, meanwhile, the seedling culture period is greatly reduced, and the method can be applied to field production more quickly and efficiently.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a plastic box of a cutting container.
Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of a plastic box of a cutting container.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of transplantation and colonization.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Taking the hard branch cutting of the soft-seed punica granatum taken from the region of Tupistake as an example, the rapid breeding method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. selection and pretreatment of cutting
Collecting branches from the Tupiste region in the middle 3 months, selecting mature hard branches of 1-2-year-old Tunisia soft-seed pomegranates as cutting slips, and enabling the cutting slips to be pure in variety, robust in development, strong in growth potential and free of diseases and insect pests. The cutting collection length is about 50cm, and the thickness is 0.7-1.0 cm. The cuttings are stored in a moisture-preserving way at 4 ℃ after being picked for later use.
2. Cutting treatment
Cutting the pomegranate cuttings into cuttings of about 10cm, wherein the cuttings contain 2-3 stem nodes, the cuts on the cuttings are flat cuts, the distance between the cut and the upper bud eye is 4-5 cm, and the cuts are treated by wound healing agents; the lower incision is an oblique incision and is a horseshoe-shaped smooth inclined plane, the inclination is about 45 degrees, and the distance between the incision and the lower bud eye is 0.5-1 cm. The treated cutting is soaked in MT (melatonin) solution with concentration of 25mg/L for 120 min. Taking out and drying in the air for later use.
3. Selection and treatment of substrates
The cutting medium is perlite, the perlite needs to be sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours one day before use, and the perlite is rinsed by clean water after sterilization. The cutting medium perlite needs to be mixed and stirred with water before use, and the humidity of the medium is kept between 60 and 80 percent. And (4) putting the treated substrate into a plastic box and placing the plastic box on a flat ground for later use. As shown in FIG. 1, the plastic box is a conventional plastic logistics box (outer diameter: 600 mm; width: 300 mm; height: 250 mm). Referring to fig. 2, the bottom of the plastic box is uniformly perforated, the radius of the holes is 0.5cm, and the length, the width and the distance are respectively 5cm and 4 cm.
4. Cutting
The cutting mode is a direct cutting method. The cutting shoots are inserted into the perlite substrate in a cuttage mode, the depth of the planting is about 5cm, the row spacing of the cutting shoots is 5cm multiplied by 6cm, and the cutting shoots are uniformly inserted into the plastic boxes. After the cuttage is finished, watering thoroughly, and compacting the matrix. Placing the plastic box in a shady and cool and ventilated place, watering for 1 time every day, and keeping the matrix moist and not dry.
5. Moisture management
Preserving moisture and storing at 4 ℃ before cuttage, watering once a proper amount every day after cuttage, and keeping the leaf surface flat and not curled. The water in the matrix is kept at 60-80%, the matrix is held by hands to form a cluster, a small amount of water seeps out, and the matrix is scattered after being put down.
6. Temperature and light management
And ensuring that the temperature of the substrate is not higher than 35 ℃, and shading treatment is carried out on the substrate 7 days after cuttage by using a 50-70% shading net all day to adjust illumination.
7. Hardening off seedlings
Generally, the rooting rate can reach 70-90% about 25 days after cutting, and at the moment, a large number of calli appear on the roots of a large number of cuttings, and part of calli already take roots. Gradually controlling the moisture content and enhancing the illumination and ventilation.
8. Transplanting and field planting
Transplanting and planting can be carried out 30-35 days after cuttage, and the transplanting and planting time is preferably that callus grows on most cuttings and a small part of cuttings root. Referring to fig. 3, a planting pit is dug, the pit depth is 10-15 cm, and the pit size is built according to the size and the topography of a planting field. Transplanting the cutting into non-woven fabric seedling raising bags (diameter: 8 cm; height: 12cm), planting at an interval of 12cm, and covering soil in gaps for planting. Planting in planting pit, watering thoroughly, reviving seedling, and enhancing illumination and ventilation.
MT is Melatonin (Melatonin), which is a conserved amine hormone in biological evolution, widely exists in plants, has extremely low content and has obvious circadian rhythm characteristics. Melatonin is widely present in animals, plants and microorganisms. Melatonin was considered a neurohormone specific to animals for a long time. In plants, melatonin plays an important role in regulating plant growth, improving plant response to environmental stress, and the like. Melatonin is involved in regulating plant root development. Melatonin and its synthetic gene are involved in the development of plant roots. The MT solution used in the invention is firstly applied to the hard branch cutting seedling raising of the Tunisia soft seed pomegranate, and the treatment method of the hormone (the cutting slips are soaked in the MT solution of 25mg/L for 120min) is the optimum proportion after the test. In the example, 60 cutting shoots are selected and evenly cut in a plastic box, and the cutting shoots begin to root after 28 days. After 34 days, a large amount of callus appears on 52 cutting shoots, wherein 20 cutting shoot callus takes root in a large amount, and 52 cutting shoots are cut in a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag and transplanted into a field, so that the seedlings grow well and the rooting quality is high. Therefore, the hard branch cutting seedling raising survival rate of the punica granatum soft seed treated by the method is high, the propagation period is short, the propagation efficiency is high, and the method can be efficiently applied to field production.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for punica granatum with soft seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and pretreatment of cutting shoots: 3, picking in the middle ten days of the month, selecting mature hard branches of 1-2-year-old Tunisia soft-seed pomegranates as cutting slips, wherein the cutting slips are pure in variety, strong in development, strong in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, the cutting slip collection length is about 50cm, the thickness is 0.7-1.0 cm, and the cutting slips are stored in a moisture-preserving manner at 4 ℃ for later use;
(2) and (3) cutting treatment: cutting pomegranate cuttings into cuttings of about 10cm, wherein the cuttings contain 2-3 stem nodes, the cuts on the cuttings are flat cuts, the distances between the cuts and upper bud eyes are 4-5 cm, the cuts are treated by wound healing agents, the cuts on the lower parts are oblique cuts which are horseshoe-shaped smooth inclined planes, the inclination is about 45 degrees, the distances between the cuts and the lower bud eyes are 0.5-1 cm, the treated cuttings are soaked in MT solution for 120min, the cuttings are taken out and dried for standby, melatonin solution is selected from the MT solution, the concentration of the melatonin solution needs to be 25mg/L, and the cuttings need to be soaked for 120 min;
(3) selecting and treating a substrate: the cutting medium is perlite, the processed medium is put into a plastic box and placed on a flat ground for standby, and the cutting medium is processed by the following steps:
(3-1) the perlite used as the cutting medium needs to be sterilized by 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours one day before use, and then is rinsed by clean water after sterilization,
(3-2) before use, the cutting medium perlite needs to be mixed and stirred with water, the humidity of the medium is kept between 60 and 80 percent,
(3-3) the plastic box is a conventional plastic logistics box, and holes are punched in the bottom of the plastic box;
(4) cuttage: the cutting mode is a direct cutting method, cutting shoots are cut into a perlite substrate, the depth of the cut shoots is about 5cm, watering is conducted thoroughly after cutting is finished, the substrate is compacted, a plastic box is placed in a shade and ventilated place, watering is conducted for 1 time every day, the substrate is kept moist and not dry, the row spacing of the cutting shoots is 5cm multiplied by 6cm, and the cutting shoots are uniformly inserted into the plastic box;
(5) water content management: preserving moisture and storing at 4 ℃ before cuttage, watering once a proper amount every day after cuttage to keep the leaves flat and not curled, keeping the moisture in the matrix at 60-80%, holding the matrix into a ball, seeping a small amount of moisture, and spreading the ball after putting down;
(6) temperature and light management: ensuring that the temperature of the matrix is not higher than 35 ℃, and shading by using a shading net to adjust the illumination; shading the whole day by using a 50-70% shading net 7 days after cuttage;
(7) hardening seedlings: generally, the rooting rate can reach 70-90% about 25 days after cuttage, a large amount of callus appears on the roots of a large amount of cuttings, part of the callus takes root, the water is gradually controlled, and the illumination and ventilation are enhanced;
(8) transplanting and field planting: transplanting and field planting can be carried out 30-35 days after cuttage, planting pits are dug, the pit depth is 10-15 cm, the pit size is built along with the size and the topography of a planting field, cutting slips are transplanted into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag and are planted in the planting pits, water is thoroughly poured to delay seedlings, illumination ventilation is enhanced, and the following methods are used for transplanting and field planting:
(8-1) in the transplanting and planting time, callus is generated on most of the cutting slips, a small part of the cutting slips are rooted, the observation shows that 30-35 days after the cutting,
(8-2) non-woven fabric seedling raising bags (diameter: 8cm, height: 12cm) are arranged at intervals of 12cm, and soil is covered in gaps for planting.
2. A method for quickly raising seedlings of pomegranate with soft Tunisse seeds by hard branch cutting is characterized in that the outer diameter of a box body is selected as follows: 600 mm; width: 300 mm; high: 250 mm.
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