CN113179833A - Method for efficient cuttage breeding of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Method for efficient cuttage breeding of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a method for efficiently cutting and breeding camellia oleifera seedlings in a high-altitude area, which comprises the steps of seedbed preparation, rooting agent preparation, cutting shoot treatment, cutting, film covering, cutting shoot management, bagging culture, seedling hardening, transplanting and the like; the upper layer of the substrate used for cuttage is perlite, the rooting agent used for cuttage is prepared by ABT rooting powder, willow extracting solution, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate according to a proportion, and rooting hormone and mineral nutrition contained in the rooting agent can meet the requirements of oil tea tree rooting and growth, so that the formation of adventitious roots and lateral roots of cutting slips is promoted, and the good growth of the cutting slips is ensured; after the cutting is finished, covering the seedbed with a white plastic film, so that the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are increased, and good temperature and humidity conditions are provided for the rooting of the cutting shoots; in addition, after the cutting shoots take roots, the cutting shoots are moved into a degradable nutrition bag for culturing for a period of time, and the survival rate and the stress resistance of the camellia oleifera seedlings are greatly increased through the transplanting of the nutrition bag, so that the method can meet the requirement of producing the camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention introduces a method for efficiently cutting and rapidly propagating camellia oleifera seedlings in a high-altitude area, and relates to the field of seedling propagation in the agricultural field.
Background
The Camellia oleifera (Camellia Oleeriera Abel) is a woody oil tree species which is special in China, the Camellia oleifera seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, has clear color, fragrant flavor, rich nutrition and long storage life, and is high-quality edible oil and high-quality lubricating oil. In addition, the waste materials such as tea cakes, tea shells and the like can also be used for extracting industrial raw materials such as tea saponin, tea polysaccharide and the like, and can be used as organic fertilizer and biological pesticide. With the continuous improvement of people on the understanding of the economic value of the oil-tea camellia and the emergence of development plans of the oil-tea camellia industry in China (2009-2020), a hot tide of oil-tea camellia planting appears in many places in China, but the development of the oil-tea camellia industry is seriously hindered by the shortage of high-quality seedlings.
The camellia oleifera is a cross-pollinated plant, the variation of the sexual propagation progeny is large, and in order to ensure the excellent characters of the female parent, the camellia oleifera seedling can be bred by applying cuttage, grafting and tissue culture technologies. At present, although there are reports of rapid seedling culture of camellia oleifera tissue culture, the tissue culture technology still stays in scientific research stage due to high cost and difficulty of tissue culture, and large-scale application and production cannot be realized. Bud seedling grafting and cutting propagation are the main seedling raising mode of camellia oleifera seedlings at present. The bud seedling grafting procedures are multiple, the efficiency is low, the time is centralized, the management is complicated, only 1 time of propagation can be basically carried out in 1 year, and certain limitation exists. The cutting propagation is wide in season, can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, is high in propagation coefficient, large in quantity, simple and convenient to operate and manage and low in cost, and is widely applied to south China. Plant cuttage is greatly influenced by climate factors in various regions, and particularly in high-altitude arid regions, the rooting rate and seedling stage management of camellia oleifera seedlings are greatly influenced by low temperature and water shortage. The bottleneck problem that the camellia oleifera seedlings are difficult to breed on a large scale in the high-altitude arid regions can be solved only by selecting a proper cuttage breeding method according to local conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for efficiently cutting and breeding camellia oleifera seedlings in a high-altitude area, which can effectively solve the outstanding problem that the rooting and survival of the camellia oleifera seedlings are influenced by drought, low temperature and the like in the high-altitude area by aiming at the cold climate and the drought natural condition of the high-altitude area and the cutting and breeding method according to local conditions. The method has the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, high cutting rooting rate, easy survival of transplanting and the like, and can meet the requirement of producing the camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cutting and breeding camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: selecting a simple greenhouse, leveling soil in the greenhouse by using a tool, removing weeds, opening 4 compartment surfaces, wherein the width of each compartment surface is 1.4-1.5m, paving yellow sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm on each compartment surface, and paving perlite with the thickness of 3-5cm to form a seedbed. Spraying 0.1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution on the seedbed, covering and compacting the soil after the soil is wet by using a black film, and covering and compacting the soil in a greenhouse for 10-15 days. Before cutting, the black film is cut through branches, and a cutting position is reserved. 50-60 holes are inserted in each row, and one row is inserted every 4-5 cm.
(2) Preparing a rooting agent: ABT rooting powder, willow extracting solution, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate are prepared into a rooting agent according to the proportion of 3:3:3:1: 1.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment: selecting healthy and disease and pest free semi-lignified branches of the camellia oleifera as scions. Cutting the scions into short scions of about 5cm, wherein each cutting shoot contains 1 bud and 1 leaf, if the leaf blade is larger, cutting off 1/3 leaf blades, and keeping 2/3 leaf blades. The upper and lower ports of the cutting are smooth. And (4) bundling the cut cutting slips with rubber bands, bundling 1 bundle of 50 cuttings, putting a rooting agent into the bundles, dipping the bundles for 5 seconds at a medium speed, and taking out the bundles for later use.
(4) Cuttage: and (4) inserting the short spikes dipped with the rooting agent in the step (3) into a seedbed, wherein the cutting depth is based on the fact that axillary buds and petioles are exposed out of the soil surface, and the leaves are unified into one direction.
(5) Film covering: after each compartment is cut, a white plastic film is covered, if the air temperature is low during cutting, a frame can be built on the seedbed, and the white plastic film with a layer thickness is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation. Watering the seedbed for 1 time every 3-5 days until the seedbed is saturated, keeping ventilation, and culturing in shade for 3-4 weeks.
(6) And (3) cutting management: removing the white plastic film after the tea-oil tree seedlings are cultivated in a shading mode, pouring water once every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃, controlling the humidity at 70-80%, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 2 months, and cultivating for 3-6 months.
(7) Bagging and culturing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse for 3-6 months, the cutting seedlings in the seedbed are taken out, and the root systems of the cutting seedlings are not lost. Transplanting the cutting seedlings into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag, and filling soil. Moving the nutrient bags filled with soil into the excavated compartment surface, and placing 100 nutrient bags in each row; after placing, backfilling gaps with fine soil, compacting, and spraying water to ensure that the water absorption capacity of the soil of the nutrition bag reaches a saturated state to form a colloidal soil layer; watering once every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation and removing weeds; the cultivation is continued for 4-5 months.
(8) Hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (4) opening the greenhouse, and enabling the camellia oleifera seedlings to grow for 1-2 weeks in a natural state and then outplanting. When the seedlings are out of the nursery, the nutrition bags are watered sufficiently, and the seedlings are planted together with the nutrition bags during transplanting, so that the survival rate of the camellia oleifera seedlings can be greatly improved.
In the step (1), yellow loam is adopted as the cutting soil, and the cutting soil is acidic or slightly acidic yellow loam core soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.5.
In the step (4), before the short spike cuttage, the seedbed needs to be watered thoroughly, and the upper layer of the substrate used for the cuttage is perlite.
In the step (5), after the cutting of the camellia oleifera seedlings is finished, a sunshade net needs to be covered outside the simple greenhouse except for building a plastic film in each compartment, and the shading rate is 75%.
In the step (7), the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 meters, the length of the compartment surface is according to the length of the greenhouse, and the depth of the compartment surface is preferably equal to the ground after the nutrition bag is filled.
Has the advantages that: the upper layer of the substrate used for cuttage is perlite, and the substrate is light in weight and large in porosity, so that the cutting slips can breathe in oxygen conveniently; the rooting agent used for cuttage is prepared from ABT rooting powder, willow extracting solution, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate according to a proportion, and rooting hormone and mineral nutrition contained in the rooting agent can meet the requirements of oil tea tree rooting and growth, so that the formation of adventitious roots and lateral roots of cuttings is promoted, and the good growth of the cuttings is ensured. After the cutting is finished, covering the seedbed with a white plastic film, so that the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are increased, and good temperature and humidity conditions are provided for the rooting of the cutting shoots; in addition, after the cutting shoots take roots, the cutting shoots are transferred into a degradable nutrition bag for culturing for a period of time, and the survival rate and the stress resistance of the camellia oleifera seedlings are greatly increased through the transplanting of the nutrition bag, so that the outstanding problem that the rooting and survival of the camellia oleifera seedlings are influenced by drought, low temperature and the like in high-altitude areas can be effectively solved. The method has the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, high cutting rooting rate, easy survival of transplanting and the like, can meet the requirement of producing the camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas, and can be popularized and applied in a large scale.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for efficiently breeding oil tea seedlings in high-altitude areas comprises the following steps.
(1) Seedbed arrangement: selecting a simple greenhouse, leveling soil in the greenhouse by using an instrument, removing weeds, opening 4 surfaces, wherein the width of each surface is 1.4-1.5m, paving yellow sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm on each surface, paving perlite with the thickness of 3cm to form a seedbed, spraying 0.1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution on the seedbed, covering and compacting the soil after the soil is moistened by using a black film, and covering the greenhouse for 10-15 days. Before cutting, the black film is cut through branches, and a cutting position is reserved. 50 holes are inserted in each row, and one row is inserted every 4-5 cm. The yellow loam for cuttage must be heart soil, acid or slightly acid soil with pH 5.0-6.5.
(2) Preparing a rooting agent: ABT rooting powder, willow extracting solution, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate are prepared into a rooting agent according to the proportion of 3:3:3:1: 1.
(3) Preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy and disease and pest free semi-lignified branches of the camellia oleifera as scions. Cutting the scions into short scions of about 5cm, wherein each cutting shoot contains 1 bud and 1 leaf, if the leaf blade is larger, cutting off 1/3 leaf blades, and keeping 2/3 leaf blades. The upper and lower ports of the cutting are smooth. And (3) bundling the cut cutting slips with rubber bands (1 bundle per 50 cuttings), putting the cutting slips into a rooting agent, dipping for 5 seconds at medium speed, and taking out for later use.
(4) Cuttage: and (4) inserting the short spikes in the step (3) into a seedbed, wherein the cutting depth is based on the fact that axillary buds and petioles are exposed out of the soil surface. The blades are unified into one direction.
(5) Shading and cultivating: after each compartment is cut, a white plastic film is covered, if the air temperature is low during cutting, a frame can be built on the seedbed, and the white plastic film with a layer thickness is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation. Watering the seedbed for 1 time every 3-5 days until the seedbed is saturated. Care was taken to keep the ventilation. And (5) shading and culturing for 3-4 weeks.
(6) Cuttage management: removing the white plastic film after the tea-oil tree seedlings are subjected to shading cultivation, watering once every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation, and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 2 months. Cultivating for 6-8 months.
(7) Bagging and culturing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse for 6-8 months, the cutting seedlings in the seedbed are taken out, and the root systems of the cutting seedlings are not lost. Transplanting the cutting seedlings into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag, and filling soil. The nutrient bags filled with soil are moved into the excavated compartment surface, and about 100 nutrient bags are placed in each row. After placing, the gap is backfilled with fine soil, and water is sprayed after compacting, so that the water absorption capacity of the soil in the nutrition bag reaches a saturated state to form a colloidal soil layer.
(8) Greenhouse culture: watering the camellia oleifera seedlings every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation and removing weeds. The cultivation is continued for 4-5 months.
(9) Hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (4) opening the greenhouse, and enabling the camellia oleifera seedlings to grow for 1-2 weeks in a natural state and then outplanting. When the seedlings are out of the nursery, the nutrition bags are watered sufficiently, and the seedlings are planted together with the nutrition bags during transplanting, so that the survival rate of the camellia oleifera seedlings can be greatly improved.
In the step (1), yellow loam is adopted as the cutting soil, and the cutting soil is acidic or slightly acidic yellow loam core soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.5.
In the step (4), before the short spike cuttage, the seedbed needs to be watered thoroughly, and the upper layer of the substrate used for the cuttage is perlite.
In the step (5), after the cutting of the camellia oleifera seedlings is finished, a sunshade net needs to be covered outside the simple greenhouse except for building a plastic film in each compartment, and the shading rate is 75%.
In the step (7), the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 meters, the length of the compartment surface is according to the length of the greenhouse, and the depth of the compartment surface is preferably equal to the ground after the nutrition bag is filled.
And (3) counting the rooting rate, the average rooting number, the average root length, the average sprout length and the transplanting survival rate of the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings, wherein the statistical data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The above embodiment is implemented in Weining county of Guizhou province, the average altitude of the Weining county of Guizhou province is 2200m, the Weining county is cold in winter, the rainfall in spring is less, 600 ten thousand camellia seedlings are bred by cutting in Weining by the method, and the transplanting survival rate reaches 99.6%.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cutting and breeding camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: selecting a simple greenhouse, leveling soil in the greenhouse by using a tool, removing weeds, opening 4 chamber surfaces, wherein the width of each chamber surface is 1.4-1.5m, paving yellow sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm on each chamber surface, paving perlite with the thickness of 3-5cm to form a seedbed, spraying 0.1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution onto the seedbed, covering and compacting the soil by using a black film after the soil is wetted, and covering the sun in the greenhouse for 10-15 days; before cutting, cutting the black film by using branches, and reserving a cutting position; 50-60 holes are formed in each row, and one row is inserted every 4-5 cm;
(2) preparing a rooting agent: preparing ABT rooting powder, willow extracting solution, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate into a rooting agent according to a ratio of 3:3:3:1: 1;
(3) and (3) cutting treatment: selecting healthy and disease and pest free semi-lignified branches of the camellia oleifera growing in the current year as scions;
cutting the scion into short scions of about 5cm, wherein each cutting shoot contains 1 bud and 1 leaf, if the leaf is larger, cutting off 1/3 leaves, and keeping 2/3 leaves; the upper and lower ports of the cutting are smooth;
the cut cutting shoots are bundled by rubber bands (1 bundle per 50 shoots), put into a rooting agent and dipped for 5 seconds at medium speed and then taken out for standby;
(4) cuttage: inserting the short spikes in the step (3) into a seedbed, wherein the cutting depth is based on the fact that axillary buds and petioles are exposed out of the soil surface; the blades are unified into one direction;
(5) film covering: covering a white plastic film after each compartment is cut, if the air temperature is low during cutting, building a shelf on the seedbed, and covering a thick white plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
watering the seedbed for 1 time every 3-5 days until the seedbed is saturated;
care was taken to keep the ventilation;
shading and cultivating for 3-4 weeks;
(6) and (3) cutting management: removing the white plastic film after the tea-oil tree seedlings are subjected to shading cultivation, watering once every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity at 70-80%; spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 2 months, and culturing for 3-6 months;
(7) bagging and culturing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse for 3-6 months, taking out the cutting seedlings in the seedbed, paying attention to no damage to root systems, transplanting the cutting seedlings into non-woven fabric nutrition bags, filling soil, moving the nutrition bags filled with the soil into the excavated chamber surface, placing 100 seedlings in each row, backfilling gaps with fine soil after placing, compacting, and spraying water to enable the soil water absorption capacity of the nutrition bags to reach a saturated state to form a colloidal soil layer; watering once every 7-10 days, keeping ventilation and removing weeds;
continuously culturing for 4-5 months;
(8) hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (3) uncovering the greenhouse, cultivating and growing the camellia oleifera seedlings in a natural state for 1-2 weeks, then outplanting, watering the nutrition bags with enough water during outplanting, and planting the nutrition bags together during transplanting, so that the survival rate of the camellia oleifera seedlings is greatly improved.
2. The method for cuttage propagation of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), yellow loam is adopted as the cutting soil, and the cutting soil is acidic or slightly acidic yellow loam core soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.5.
3. The method for efficient cutting propagation of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), before the short spike cuttage, the seedbed needs to be watered thoroughly, and the upper layer of the substrate used for the cuttage is perlite.
4. The method for efficient cutting propagation of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), after the cutting of the camellia oleifera seedlings is finished, a sunshade net is covered outside the simple greenhouse except for the plastic film in each compartment, and the shading rate is 75%.
5. The method for efficient cutting propagation of camellia oleifera seedlings in high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (7), the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 meters, the length of the compartment surface is according to the length of the greenhouse, and the depth of the compartment surface is preferably equal to the ground after the nutrition bag is filled.
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