CN110896774A - Rapid greening method for mountain quarry - Google Patents
Rapid greening method for mountain quarry Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896774A CN110896774A CN201911254530.8A CN201911254530A CN110896774A CN 110896774 A CN110896774 A CN 110896774A CN 201911254530 A CN201911254530 A CN 201911254530A CN 110896774 A CN110896774 A CN 110896774A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid re-greening method for a mountain quarry, which is characterized in that two plants, namely ficus microcarpa and bauhinia championii, are subjected to cuttage, seed breeding and plant division respectively, seedlings emerge, and then are transplanted to a mountain re-greening destination for cultivation. The method utilizes the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and evergreen in four seasons of the plants of the ficus obliquus and the bauhinia championii, has a specially developed root system, grows on rocks of a mountain body in a net-shaped climbing mode, can find basic conditions which can sufficiently support the ficus obliquus and maintain life at any gap position of the mountain body, particularly the ficus obliquus, can grow tenaciously in the cliff and harsh environment, and climbs and covers the stony desertification mountain body in multiple layers. Therefore, the application of the technology of the invention can effectively solve the problem that the quarry is difficult to achieve greening effect for years, and can effectively make the quarry which is seriously damaged fast regreen in a short time, thereby realizing the restoration of the original natural ecological environment of the seriously damaged mountain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mountain quarry greening technology, in particular to a method for applying ficus microcarpa and bauhinia championii to a southern mountain quarry to quickly restore green.
Background
The artificial mining quarry is a main factor for forming stony desertification of mountains in various parts of China, and the formation of the stony desertification is mainly shown on the mountains around cities and towns. With the rapid development of urban infrastructure, limestone stones become main products of various infrastructures, a large number of stone products are needed for the rapid development of industries such as cement plants, highways, railways, bridges, real estate development and the like, and artificial blasting mining is a main reason for the rocky desertification caused by the damage of mountains. Meanwhile, as people in the initial stage of market economy are driven by short-term benefits and government departments lack the protection consciousness on the ecological environment, examination and approval management on exploitation is not strict, exploitation places are not effectively planned, mountain vegetation in key tourist attractions and ecological protection areas of a plurality of cities is seriously damaged, and the ecological environment is increasingly severe, so that ecological environment restoration is imperative.
The slope of the damaged mountain is generally different between 40 and 90 degrees, the local part of the damaged mountain is larger than 90 degrees, and the height of the damaged mountain is generally between 10 and 90 m. In recent years, as the ecological regulation of the country is increased, many quarries are closed, and some quarries are still unhappy for decades due to the severe environmental conditions even though the quarries stop mining for decades. At present, due to the defects of research and development technologies in the garden industry and the difficulty in following up the research of plant selection and application, the expected effect of the mountain quarries in various places is difficult to achieve, most of the effects are reported as failures, and the natural ecological landscape effect is also seriously influenced. Therefore, the mountain restoration of the quarry becomes a forbidden land for landscaping, and the ecological restoration and treatment work of mountain stony desertification is imperative.
Ficus benjamina is also called "Duoye Mao", Ficus benjamina "and Zaizao". Small trees are overgrown when young, have slightly rough barks and are brownish. The leaf is thin and leather, and is arranged in two rows, the shape of the leaf is oval to oval, the length is 8-13 cm, the width is 4-6 cm, the top end is blunt or sharp, the base part is wide and wedge-shaped, the whole edge is wide, one side is slightly wide, two sides are hairless, the back surface is slightly rough, the net vein is obvious, the meshes are dark brown after drying, the base side vein is short and does not extend, the side veins are 5-8 pairs, the two sides are convex, the leaf stalks are thick and strong, and the length is 8-10 mm; the leaf supporting drill is in the shape of a needle, thick and 5-10 mm long. The ficus microcarpa spherical or spherical pear shape is singly or pairwise axillary, the diameter is about 10 mm, the ficus microcarpa is slightly rough, small tumor bodies are thinned, the top end is in a navel shape, the base part is contracted into a handle, the handle length is 5-10 mm, the base grows into a bract 3, the shape of an oval is oval, and the ficus microcarpa is reversely rolled after being dried; the total stem is extremely short; the inner wall of the male peanut banyan fruit is close to the mouth part, the perianth sheet is 4-6, white and linear, 1 stamen is adopted, and the base part is provided with a degenerated ovary; gall flowers are similar to male flower comforters, ovate ovaries, stigmas lateral; the other plant of the female peanut is ficus microcarpa, and the quilt sheet is 4 in shape of line, thin and transparent. The emaciation fruit is oval, has keel, has tumor body on the surface, and has side-growing style, prolonged, and enlarged stigma. The flower and fruit period is from winter to 6 months next year.
Bauhinia championii (school name: Bauhinia championii (Benth.) is a plant of the genus Bauhinia of the family leguminosae. Rattan, with curly hair; tender branches and inflorescences are thin and closely attached to small soft hair. Leaf paper, oval or heart shape, 3-10 cm long and 2.5-6.5 (-9) cm wide. The inflorescence is long and narrow, axillary, and sometimes it is opposite to leaves or several flowers gather at the top of branches to form a compound inflorescence. Inverted oval or ribbon-like, flattened, panned mass of pods; the seeds are 2-5, round, flat and about 12 mm in diameter. The flowering period is 6-10 months; the fruit period is 7-12 months. The Chinese alpine rush is suitable for climbing greening of large-scale shed frames, green galleries, wall walls and the like. Can be used for vertical greening of fort, steep slope, rock wall and the like, and can also be shaped into landscape shrubs with different shapes or used for greening of concealed shelters. It can also be used for greening highway slope protection to form unique landscape. Are often distributed in china, india, vietnam and indonesia; in china, it is distributed in zhejiang, taiwan, fujian, guangdong, guangxi, jiangxi, hunan, northhu and Guizhou. Growing in hilly bushes from low to medium altitude or in sparse and dense forests in mountainous regions. The purple clay is favored by illumination, is relatively resistant to yin, has strong adaptability, is drought-resistant and barren, and is usually grown on rocks, cracks and cliff walls.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of ecological restoration and treatment of the stony desertification of the quarry, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly restoring the green of the mountain quarry, namely, the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and evergreen season of two plants of the ficus obliquus and the bauhinia championii are utilized to apply the plants to the mountain quarry for quick restoring the green and planting, so as to solve the problem that the quarry is difficult to achieve the greening effect for years.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a rapid re-greening method for mountain quarries, which selects two plants of ficus biased and bauhinia championii, respectively performs cuttage, seed breeding and division on the plants, seedlings emerge, and then the plants are transplanted to mountain re-greening destinations for cultivation, wherein:
the cutting management method of the ficus oblique comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising base with convenient water source selection and supply and function of draining waterlogging
(2) Mechanically harrowing, loosening soil, furrowing, wherein the furrowing specification is as follows: furrowing width is 1.2m, height is 15cm, and furrowing interval is 35 cm;
(3) installing an irrigation system, and performing later-stage spray water supply maintenance on the seedlings;
(4) preparing a nutrient medium, bagging and compacting;
(5) selecting Ficus benjamina, protectively cutting branches with the diameter of less than 1.5cm, cutting the branches into branches with the length of about 12-18cm, branching a protection part, and removing two thirds of leaves;
(6) preparing an antibacterial aqueous solution of a rooting agent, and soaking the cut branches in the aqueous solution for about 1 hour;
(7) cutting the soaked branches of the ficus microcarpa into a planting bag filled with nutrient medium, and slightly compacting;
(8) carrying out atomization water spraying management according to the drought degree of the matrix, monitoring the cultivation temperature, and controlling the cultivation temperature to 15-25 ℃;
the cultivation method of the bauhinia championii comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an old bag female parent in an original place to be connected with the root and dug, reserving fibrous root hairs, reserving 1-3 lateral branches for partial main stems on the ground, and completely removing other small branches and leaves on the stems;
(2) the plant roots are beaten with slurry, and then the seedling-raising synthetic nutrient medium is selected for planting;
(3) preparing a synthetic nutrient medium for seedling culture;
(4) and (3) moisturizing the whole plant, planting the plant with the depth of 15cm and the width of 30cm, smearing white latex on the cross section of the trunk after planting, then coating the plant with a plastic film, moisturizing, and shearing off the seedlings from the parent body for plant division cultivation.
In the cutting management method of ficus obliquus, the nutrient medium is prepared by uniformly stirring 50% of special seedling culture medium, 30% of yellow soil and 20% of humus soil.
According to the cutting management method of the ficus auriculata, a rooting agent antibacterial aqueous solution is prepared by mixing a rooting agent and a carbendazim antibacterial drug, and the rooting agent antibacterial aqueous solution and the carbendazim antibacterial drug are prepared into an aqueous solution according to the proportion of water.
In the cultivation method of the bauhinia championii, the proportion method of the synthetic nutrient medium for seedling culture comprises the following steps: crushing the waste edible fungus material for later use, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water to prepare an aqueous solution, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the compound fertilizer is 300:1, adding 2% of lime, stirring the fungus material until the humidity reaches 60%, adding high-temperature actinomycetes, stirring uniformly, and fermenting fully for use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method utilizes the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and evergreen in four seasons of the plants of the ficus obliquus and the bauhinia championii, has a specially developed root system, grows on rocks of a mountain body in a net-shaped climbing mode, can find basic conditions which can sufficiently support the ficus obliquus and maintain life at any gap position of the mountain body, particularly the ficus obliquus, can grow tenaciously in the cliff and harsh environment, and climbs and covers the stony desertification mountain body in multiple layers. Therefore, the application of the technology of the invention can effectively solve the problem that the quarry is difficult to achieve greening effect for years, and can effectively make the quarry which is seriously damaged fast regreen in a short time, thereby realizing the restoration of the original natural ecological environment of the seriously damaged mountain.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the invention discloses a rapid re-greening method for a mountain quarry, which comprises the following steps:
cultivating of one, oblique leaf banyan
(1) Selecting a seedling raising base: the seedling raising base is required to have convenient water source supply, flood drainage function, relatively flat dry land and paddy field;
(2) the specifications of mechanical harrowing, loosening soil, furrowing and furrowing are as follows: furrowing width is 1.2m, furrowing height is 15cm, the length is determined by the actual length of land, and the furrowing and furrowing spacing is 35 cm;
(3) the conditional cultivation base can be provided with an irrigation system, so that the subsequent spray water supply maintenance is facilitated;
(4) selection of a nutrient medium: selecting a special seedling raising substrate of 50 percent, yellow soil of 30 percent and humus of 20 percent, and uniformly stirring;
(5) selecting a non-woven fabric gauze bag with the specification of 12 cm high and 10 cm wide, bagging and properly compacting;
(6) searching for wild ficus obliquus, cutting branches with the diameter of less than 1.5cm from the wild ficus obliquus into branches with the length of about 12-18cm, reserving partial branches, and removing two thirds of leaves;
(7) mixing a rooting agent and a carbendazim antibacterial drug, preparing an aqueous solution according to the proportion of water, then putting the branches into the aqueous solution for soaking, and soaking the lower parts of the branches for about 1 hour by using the rooting agent carbendazim aqueous solution 5 cm;
(8) inserting branches of the ficus microcarpa into a bag filled with a matrix, and slightly compacting;
(9) management:
1) establishing a sunshade net according to the insolation degree of the sun;
2) carrying out atomization water spraying management according to the drought degree of the matrix to ensure that the ficus oblique branches can rapidly take roots;
3) if the weather is low temperature, a plastic greenhouse is also constructed for effective heat preservation. The optimum cultivation temperature of the ficus auriculata is 15-25 degrees;
4) the root hair can grow in spring and about 18 days in summer, the seedlings can emerge in about 40 days for mountain greening planting, and in winter, the seedlings also need about 60 days due to the technical equipment with the heat preservation function.
Secondly, cultivating the bauhinia championii:
(1) digging up old grocery female parents from original places with roots, reserving beard root hairs as much as possible, reserving 20 cm long main stems and 1-3 lateral branches on the ground, and completely removing other small branches and leaves on stems;
(2) the plant roots are beaten with slurry, and then seedling synthetic nutrient soil is selected for planting;
(3) the proportioning method for synthesizing the nutrient medium comprises the following steps: crushing waste edible fungus materials for later use, dissolving the Shima compound fertilizer in water to prepare an aqueous solution, wherein the ratio of water to the compound fertilizer is 300:1, adding 2% lime, stirring the fungus materials until the humidity reaches 60%, adding high-temperature actinomycetes, stirring uniformly, and fermenting fully for use (the specific using amount is based on a product specification). The edible fungus waste is rich in nutrition, high in protein content, 60% of nutrients are reserved in the fungus material, the fungus material is fermented, the nutrition conversion is fast, the absorption of the root system of the bauhinia championii is facilitated, the planted plants grow vigorously, and seedlings are strong in roots and thick;
(4) the whole plant should be kept moist before cultivation. The tree trunk is deep in planting, deep in planting depth and wide in planting width, is smeared at the cross section of the tree trunk by using white latex after planting, and is wrapped by using a plastic film, so that too much water loss is avoided. The survival rate of transplantation can reach 100 percent by the method;
(5) the small seedlings are cut off from the parent body by scissors for plant division cultivation, generally, the number of the seedlings which are propagated to 30 to 50 can be enlarged by one parent body, and the whole cultivation period of the plant division seedlings is about 3 months, so that the greening planting can be carried out.
Because the bauhinia championii belongs to perennial medium-sized lianas, the growth potential is strong, the growth quantity is large under the condition of good fertilizer and water conditions, and the shading area of each plant is about 5 square meters, so that the bauhinia championii is one of rare plants for mountain greening in a quarry. Meanwhile, the plant division mode has developed root system and high plant division survival rate, can be transferred in about 30 days and applied to the mountain re-green cultivation, is the most efficient and rapid cultivation mode, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
Thirdly, seedling emergence: after the two plants are cultivated, the two plants can be transported out of the nursery garden and transported to the mountain green-recovering destination, and the whole cultivation work can be completed.
Claims (4)
1. A rapid re-greening method for a mountain quarry is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting two plants of ficus obliquus and bauhinia championii, performing cuttage, seed breeding and division on the plants respectively, performing seedling emergence, and transplanting the plants to a mountain re-greening destination for cultivation, wherein:
the cutting management method of the ficus oblique comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising base with convenient water source selection and supply and function of draining waterlogging
(2) Mechanically harrowing, loosening soil, furrowing, wherein the furrowing specification is as follows: furrowing width is 1.2m, height is 15cm, and furrowing interval is 35 cm;
(3) installing an irrigation system, and performing later-stage spray water supply maintenance on the seedlings;
(4) preparing a nutrient medium, bagging and compacting;
(5) selecting Ficus benjamina, protectively cutting branches with the diameter of less than 1.5cm, cutting the branches into branches with the length of about 12-18cm, branching a protection part, and removing two thirds of leaves;
(6) preparing an antibacterial aqueous solution of a rooting agent, and soaking the cut branches in the aqueous solution for about 1 hour;
(7) cutting the soaked branches of the ficus microcarpa into a planting bag filled with nutrient medium, and slightly compacting;
(8) carrying out atomization water spraying management according to the drought degree of the matrix, monitoring the cultivation temperature, and controlling the cultivation temperature to 15-25 ℃;
the cultivation method of the bauhinia championii comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an old bag female parent in an original place to be connected with the root and dug, reserving fibrous root hairs, reserving 1-3 lateral branches for partial main stems on the ground, and completely removing other small branches and leaves on the stems;
(2) the plant roots are beaten with slurry, and then the seedling-raising synthetic nutrient medium is selected for planting;
(3) preparing a synthetic nutrient medium for seedling culture;
(4) and (3) moisturizing the whole plant, planting the plant with the depth of 15cm and the width of 30cm, smearing white latex on the cross section of the trunk after planting, then coating the plant with a plastic film, moisturizing, and shearing off the seedlings from the parent body for plant division cultivation.
2. The mountain quarry fast greening method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the cutting management method of ficus obliquus, the nutrient medium is prepared by uniformly stirring 50% of special seedling culture medium, 30% of yellow soil and 20% of humus soil.
3. The mountain quarry fast greening method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: according to the cutting management method of the ficus auriculata, a rooting agent antibacterial aqueous solution is prepared by mixing a rooting agent and a carbendazim antibacterial drug, and the rooting agent antibacterial aqueous solution and the carbendazim antibacterial drug are prepared into an aqueous solution according to the proportion of water.
4. The mountain quarry fast greening method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the cultivation method of the bauhinia championii, the proportion method of the synthetic nutrient medium for seedling culture comprises the following steps: crushing the waste edible fungus material for later use, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water to prepare an aqueous solution, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the compound fertilizer is 300:1, adding 2% of lime, stirring the fungus material until the humidity reaches 60%, adding high-temperature actinomycetes, stirring uniformly, and fermenting fully for use.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114916361A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Tropical forest recovery method based on 'strangulation' phenomenon |
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| JPH02219526A (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-09-03 | Mitsuo Ishihara | Method and device for utilizing forest |
| CN1462828A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2003-12-24 | 中山大学 | Vegetative covering method using multiple dimension soil dessing for greening vertical plane of stonewall |
| CN1488820A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2004-04-14 | 中国科学院华南植物研究所 | Plant-securing technique for vegetation recovery for stone pit slope |
| CN106358694A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 广西极地绿化有限公司 | Method for quickly greening stony deserted mountain |
-
2019
- 2019-12-10 CN CN201911254530.8A patent/CN110896774A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02219526A (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-09-03 | Mitsuo Ishihara | Method and device for utilizing forest |
| CN1462828A (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2003-12-24 | 中山大学 | Vegetative covering method using multiple dimension soil dessing for greening vertical plane of stonewall |
| CN1488820A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2004-04-14 | 中国科学院华南植物研究所 | Plant-securing technique for vegetation recovery for stone pit slope |
| CN106358694A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 广西极地绿化有限公司 | Method for quickly greening stony deserted mountain |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 朱桂田 等: "桂西北喀斯特石山区石漠化产生的地质背景及治理措施研究", 《中国岩溶》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114916361A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Tropical forest recovery method based on 'strangulation' phenomenon |
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