CN111685004A - Under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum - Google Patents
Under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum Download PDFInfo
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- 241000934230 Anoectochilus roxburghii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 241000037831 Polygonatum sibiricum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000719836 Anoectochilus formosanus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000756042 Polygonatum Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000302661 Phyllostachys pubescens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003570 Phyllostachys pubescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 description 3
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001468611 Polygonatum cyrtonema Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099898 chlorophyllin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019805 chlorophyllin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an understory interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum sibiricum, which comprises the following planting steps of selecting forest land, processing land parcels, improving land parcels soil, selecting seedlings, planting, managing after planting, harvesting and selecting the seedlings: soaking a cut of a rhizome section of the polygonatum sibiricum in 800-1500 times of carbendazim bactericide, sealing with plant ash, and airing the treated rhizome section of the polygonatum sibiricum as a seed stem; secondly, after the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are cleaned and roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are cleaned, the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are disinfected by 800-1500 times of 40-60% wettable powder, and the treated anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are aired to serve as the seedlings. According to the interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum sibiricum, provided by the invention, the polygonatum sibiricum can just provide a shading environment for the anoectochilus formosanus, so that the utilization rate of land is increased, and soil, light and water resources are fully utilized; the early soft rot and stem rot of anoectochilus formosanus are reduced, the survival rate of the anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum sibiricum planting is improved, and the quality of medicinal materials is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting, in particular to an under-forest interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum.
Background
Anoectochilus roxburghii belongs to a yin plant, the light saturation point is low in a natural state, the stem of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii is 1-18m high and is distributed between 300-1200m altitudes, the stem grows on the surface layer of a forest with high relative humidity, looseness, acid bias, rich humus and the like in a shady and humid place, the sexual pleasure is wet, the Anoectochilus roxburghii grows better in a cool shady and humid climate with the air relative humidity of 75-92%, direct sunlight is avoided, the illumination intensity is suitable for 1500-4000 Lux, the optimal growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the highest temperature is not suitable.
The polygonatum sibiricum has strong habitat selection and poor adaptability, the stem of the wild polygonatum sibiricum is 50-90cm high and is distributed between the altitude of 700 + 3600m, the polygonatum sibiricum grows in a shrub or slope shade under a forest, the planting soil is moist and loose in texture, the polygonatum sibiricum grows well in a cool and humid climate with the air relative humidity of 70-82%, the optimal growth temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the pH is preferably 5.5-7.2.
The two medicinal materials are very slow in propagation and growth under natural conditions, the natural yield is very rare, and the shortage of wild resources is caused by long-term excessive mining among people. In order to meet the increasing demands of the market, artificial breeding and cultivation of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum rhizome are adopted in recent years. Anoectochilus roxburghii is planted in spring of 4-5 months and autumn of 8-9 months, the growth period is 6-12 months, and the Anoectochilus roxburghii blooms in 9-11 or 8-12 months of each year; selecting 1-2 years old, strong and plant roots without diseases and insect pests from late autumn or early spring 3 months before and after ten days, selecting young and tender parts at the front ends, cutting into a plurality of sections, slightly airing the cut, planting according to the row spacing of 22-24 cm, the plant spacing of 10-16 cm and the depth of 5 cm, slightly pressing and watering after covering soil, harvesting the rhizomes after the overground part withers in autumn of 3-4 years, and digging the rhizomes. The existing artificial planting modes are greenhouse facility cultivation and wild-imitating cultivation under forests, auxiliary facilities are adopted to simulate the environment conditions of proper substrates, temperature, illumination, humidity and the like for plant growth, and the success of artificial cultivation is ensured by controlling plant diseases and insect pests by combining comprehensive prevention and control means.
However, the planting modes are all planting in a single variety, and the survival rate of the plants is low. Therefore, how to realize the interplanting cultivation of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum by utilizing the common points of the growth habits and the periods of the anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum so as to effectively utilize the planting space to increase the economic benefit of a planter and make a contribution to the improvement of the ecological environment and the development of sightseeing agriculture is a deeply-researched subject.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an under-forest interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum rhizome, which fully utilizes soil, light and water resources, optimizes the spatial layout, reduces the disease incidence rate of early soft rot and stem rot of the anoectochilus formosanus, improves the planting survival rate of the polygonatum rhizome and the anoectochilus formosanus and has high plant quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an under-forest interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following planting steps,
step one, selecting a forest land: selecting forest stands without serious diseases and insect pests and with light transmittance of 40-50%; selecting a land block with the elevation less than or equal to 800 m and the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, wherein the soil of the land block is loose, fertile and moist, the ratio of humus to soil is high, and the PH value of the soil of the land block is 4.5-7.0;
step two, land parcel processing: clearing weeds, shrubs and vines on a land, turning the land, deeply turning the soil by 20-30 cm, serving as a plurality of planting belts with the width of 1.0-1.2 m, reserving a gap between every two adjacent planting belts to form an ecological protection belt with the width of 0.5-0.7 m, reserving 30-50 cm of the outer side of a horizontal belt of an original horizontal belt, not preparing the land, deeply turning the middle of the horizontal belt by 20-30 cm, and arranging a drainage ditch with the width of 20-30 cm at the inner side of the horizontal belt;
step three, improving the soil of the land parcel: applying 1300 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg-70 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of planting land, disinfecting the planting land by 0.3% -0.5% of potassium permanganate solution, and laminating for 5-7 d;
step four, selecting seedlings: firstly, selecting strong, non-rotten and non-internode rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum, cutting the rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum into segments, soaking the segments with 800-1000 times of carbendazim bactericide for 10-15 min, sealing the cut with plant ash, and airing the treated rhizome segments of polygonatum sibiricum as seed stems; selecting strong, pollution-free, rotten-stem-free and rotten-root-free anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, cleaning the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, then sterilizing the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings by using 800-1500 times of 40-60% wettable powder for 6-10min, and airing the treated anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings to serve as seedlings;
step five, planting: firstly, planting polygonatum rhizome seed stems in 11-3 months of the next year, firstly, forming a plurality of planting ditches with row spacing of 50-60 cm on a planting field, wherein the depth of each planting ditch is 10-15 cm, then, flatly placing the polygonatum rhizome seed stems in the ditches, leading the bud heads to be downward, the planting depth to be 8-10 cm and the planting distance to be 30-40 cm, covering soil, then, fully watering, and finally covering any one or a mixture of a plurality of humus, bamboo chips, straws and chaffs; transplanting and planting anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 4-5 months in the first-third year after the polygonatum is planted, interplanting the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 10 +/-1 cm of the rhizome base of the polygonatum, planting and arranging the seedlings at the spacing of 3-5 cm multiplied by 5-8 cm, and watering and fixing root water;
step six, managing after planting: after being planted for 15 days, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time by 1000 times of the liquid of the amino acid liquid fertilizer; after planting for 30 days, spraying 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid for 1 time, and then spraying once every 15-20 days; stopping fertilizing 30 days before harvesting;
seventhly, harvesting: firstly, harvesting the whole plant 6 months after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted; ② when the overground part of the plant withers completely in autumn of 4 years after the cultivation of the sealwort, the rootstocks can be picked and dug in the weather without rain and frost.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the growth habits, the growth periods and the like of the anoectochilus formosanus and the polygonatum rhizome are compared, the altitude, the soil property, the air humidity, the temperature and the like of the growth of the anoectochilus formosanus and the polygonatum rhizome are very similar, the light saturation point of the anoectochilus formosanus is lower than that of the anoectochilus formosanus, the polygonatum rhizome plant is higher than that of the anoectochilus formosanus, the interplanting method for the polygonatum rhizome and the anoectochilus formosanus is developed, and the polygonatum rhizome can just provide a shading; the dead branches and fallen leaves of the forest stand provide enough nutrients for the growth of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum cyrtonema, the fertilizer application is reduced, and the cost is reduced; soaking the cut of the seed stem of polygonatum sibiricum in 800-1500 times of carbendazim bactericide for 10-15 min to prevent and control the early blight and gray mold of polygonatum sibiricum, disinfecting the seedlings of anoectochilus roxburghii by using 40-60% 800-1500 times of prochloraz wettable powder for 6-10min to reduce the early soft rot and stem rot of anoectochilus roxburghii, improving the survival rate of planting anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum, ensuring the quality of medicinal materials, protecting the wild resources and ecological environment of the medicinal materials, and being an underground wild-imitating economic ecological efficient planting technology.
Specifically, the forest stand in the first step can be a phyllostachys pubescens forest, a chestnut forest or a fir forest. The tree coverage rate is high, branches and leaves are flourishing, the shading is convenient, most of the trees are longer than damp and hot zones, and the plot is suitable for planting anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum.
Specifically, a culture medium is added into the planting field in the third step, wherein the culture medium is prepared by mixing any one or more of peat, peanut shells and organic fertilizers, wherein the peat: peanut shell: organic fertilizer = 2: 2: 0.5. the culture medium is added into the plots with insufficient humus soil, so that the composition of the plots soil can be improved, and the method is suitable for planting anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum.
Specifically, arranging a sunshade net after the land soil improvement of the third step. The sunlight is prevented from directly irradiating the plot for a long time, and the nutrient loss of the irradiated soil is avoided.
Specifically, arranging a protective net after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted in the step five, covering the protective net on the ridge and fully unfolding the protective net, and nailing the periphery of the protective net into the ground by using ground nails to realize fixation. Prevent birds, rats and the like from entering the garden to be damaged.
Specifically, when buds begin to appear in polygonatum sibiricum in 4-5 months, the terminal tips, the buds and the flowers are picked off, and 7-9 leaves are reserved for each plant. Is convenient for the growth of the sealwort.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. In the following examples, the adopted Anoectochilus roxburghii variety is bred by Wenzhou science and technology profession (approved number: Zhe S-SV-AR-011 and 2019); the sealwort variety is bred by Linke academy of forestry, Lishui, with the approval number of Zhejiang S-SV-AR-010-2018.
Example 1 influence of different disinfecting solutions on survival rates of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Polygonatum sibiricum
Setting up an experimental group, and selecting a phyllostachys pubescens forest, a chestnut forest or a fir forest which has no serious plant diseases and insect pests and has light transmittance of 40-50%; selecting a plot with the altitude of less than or equal to 800 m and the gradient of less than or equal to 25 degrees, wherein the soil of the plot is loose, fertile and moist, the ratio of humus to soil is high, and the PH of the soil of the plot is 4.5-7.0; clearing weeds, shrubs and vines on a land, turning the land, deeply turning the soil by 20-30 cm, serving as a plurality of planting belts with the width of 1.0-1.2 m, reserving a gap between every two adjacent planting belts to form an ecological protection belt with the width of 0.5-0.7 m, reserving 30-50 cm of the outer side of a horizontal belt of an original horizontal belt, not preparing the land, deeply turning the middle of the horizontal belt by 20-30 cm, and arranging a drainage ditch with the width of 20-30 cm at the inner side of the horizontal belt; applying 1300 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg-70 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of planting land, disinfecting the planting land by 0.3% -0.5% of potassium permanganate solution, and laminating for 5-7 d; arranging a sunshade net; selecting seed stems: selecting strong, non-rotten and non-internode rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum, cutting the rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum into segments, dividing each segment into four equal parts with 2-4 segments, soaking three rhizome segment cuts in 800, 1000 and 1500 times of carbendazim bactericide for 10-15 min, sealing with plant ash, and airing the treated rhizome segments to obtain A, B, C groups and four groups of polygonatum sibiricum seed stems in a control group D; selecting strong, pollution-free, rotten-stem-free and rotten-root-free anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, cleaning the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, dividing the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings into four equal parts, taking three parts of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, respectively sterilizing the three parts of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings by using 40-60% of chlorophyllin wettable powder with 800, 1000 and 1500 times of liquid for 6-10min, and airing the treated anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings to obtain A, B, C groups and four groups of control group; the sealwort seed stems of the A, B, C groups and the control group correspond to the A, B, C groups and the control group of anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings one by one to form A, B, C, D four groups of experimental groups, the sealwort seed stems of the A, B, C, D four groups of experimental groups are planted in 3 months of 11 months to the next year, when the sealwort seed stems are planted, a plurality of planting furrows with row spacing of 50 cm-60 cm are firstly arranged on a planting field, the depth of each planting furrow is 10 cm-15 cm, then the sealwort seed stems are flatly placed in the furrows, the bud heads are downward, the seed depths are 8 cm-10 cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm-40 cm, after soil is covered, water is fully poured, and finally, any one or a mixture of humus, bamboo chips, straws and chaffs is covered; A. b, C, D transplanting and planting Anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings of the experimental groups in 4-5 months in the first to third years after the Polygonatum sibiricum is planted, interplanting the Anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings at 10 +/-1 cm of the rhizome base of the Polygonatum sibiricum seed, and watering thoroughly to fix the root water, wherein the plant-row spacing is 3-5 cm multiplied by 5-8 cm; arranging a protective net, covering the protective net on the ridges and fully unfolding the protective net, and nailing the periphery of the protective net into the ground by using ground nails to realize fixation; after being planted for 15 days, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time by 1000 times of the liquid of the amino acid liquid fertilizer; after planting for 30 days, spraying 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid for 1 time, and then spraying once every 15-20 days; stopping fertilizing 30 days before harvesting; when buds begin to appear in polygonatum in 4-5 months, picking off terminal tips, buds and flowers, and reserving 7-9 leaves for each plant; harvesting the whole plant 6 months after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted; in autumn of 4 th year after planting rhizoma Polygonati, when the overground part of the plant withers completely, the rhizome can be picked and dug in rainy and frost-free weather.
Setting a control group 1 and a control group 2, wherein the control group 1 adopts single anoectochilus roxburghii seedling planting, and the control group 2 adopts single polygonatum rhizome seed stem planting.
The survival rate of the plants, the incidence rates of the polygonatum early blight and the gray mold, and the incidence rates of the anoectochilus roxburghii soft rot and the stem rot of the plants in the experimental group are measured. See Table 1 below
TABLE 1
From the above table, it can be seen that: compared with the mode of ordinarily planting rhizoma polygonati and anoectochilus roxburghii in the control group 1 and the control group 2, the A, B, C, D experimental group uses carbendazim bactericide to soak the rhizome with the seed stem cut and uses 40-60% of prochloraz wettable powder to soak the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, after the planting, the incidence rate of the rhizoma polygonati early blight, gray mold and early soft rot and stem rot of the anoectochilus roxburghii is low, wherein the sterilizing effect of soaking the rhizome with the seed stem cut by 1000 times of carbendazim bactericide and soaking the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings by 40-60% of 1000 times of prochloraz wettable powder is best, the incidence rate is lowest, the survival rate of the planting of the anoectochilus roxburghii and the rhizoma polygonati is improved, and the.
Example 2 influence of different cultivation substrates on survival rates of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Polygonatum sibiricum
Setting up an experimental group, and selecting a phyllostachys pubescens forest, a chestnut forest or a fir forest which has no serious plant diseases and insect pests and has light transmittance of 40-50%; selecting a plot with the altitude of less than or equal to 800 m and the gradient of less than or equal to 25 degrees, wherein the soil of the plot is loose, fertile and moist, the ratio of humus to soil is high, and the PH of the soil of the plot is 4.5-7.0; clearing weeds, shrubs and vines on a land, turning the land, deeply turning the soil by 20-30 cm, serving as a plurality of planting belts with the width of 1.0-1.2 m, reserving a gap between every two adjacent planting belts to form an ecological protection belt with the width of 0.5-0.7 m, reserving 30-50 cm of the outer side of a horizontal belt of an original horizontal belt, not preparing the land, deeply turning the middle of the horizontal belt by 20-30 cm, and arranging a drainage ditch with the width of 20-30 cm at the inner side of the horizontal belt; applying 1300 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg-70 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of planting land, disinfecting the planting land by 0.3% -0.5% of potassium permanganate solution, and laminating for 5-7 d; taking three plots, taking peat in the culture medium: peanut shell: organic fertilizer = 2: 2: 0.5 as group A, taking peat in the culture medium: peanut shell: organic fertilizer = 1: 2: 1 as group B, taking peat in the culture medium: peanut shell: organic fertilizer = 2: 1:1 as group C, adding A, B, C three groups of culture medium into three plots to form A, B, C three groups of experimental groups, and setting plots without culture medium as control groups; arranging a sunshade net; selecting seed stems: selecting strong, non-rotten and non-internode rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum, cutting the rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum into segments, dividing each segment into four equal parts, soaking the cut root segments of four parts of polygonatum sibiricum in 1000 times of carbendazim bactericide for 10-15 min, sealing the cut root segments with plant ash, and airing the treated rhizome segments to obtain four parts of polygonatum sibiricum seed stems; selecting strong, pollution-free, rotten-stem-free and rotten-root-free anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, cleaning the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, dividing the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings into four parts, disinfecting the four parts of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings by using 1000 times of 40-60% wettable powder for 6-10min, and airing the treated anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings to obtain four parts of anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings; four polygonatum seed stems and four anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are respectively planted on A, B, C groups and a control group land, the polygonatum seed stems are planted in 11 months to 3 months in the next year, when the polygonatum seed stems are planted, a plurality of planting furrows with the row spacing of 50 cm-60 cm are firstly arranged on the planting ground, the furrow depth of each planting furrow is 10 cm-15 cm, then the polygonatum seed stems are horizontally placed in the furrows, the bud heads are downward, the planting depth is 8 cm-10 cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm-40 cm, after covering soil, the polygonatum seed stems are thoroughly watered, and finally, any one or a mixture of a plurality of humus, bamboo chips, straws and rice husks is covered; transplanting and planting anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 4-5 months in the first-third year after the polygonatum is planted, interplanting the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 10 +/-1 cm of the rhizome base of the polygonatum, planting and row spacing of 3-5 cm multiplied by 5-8 cm, and thoroughly watering root fixing water; arranging a protective net, covering the protective net on the ridges and fully unfolding the protective net, and nailing the periphery of the protective net into the ground by using ground nails to realize fixation; after being planted for 15 days, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time by 1000 times of the liquid of the amino acid liquid fertilizer; after planting for 30 days, spraying 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid for 1 time, and then spraying once every 15-20 days; stopping fertilizing 30 days before harvesting; when buds begin to appear in polygonatum in 4-5 months, picking off terminal tips, buds and flowers, and reserving 7-9 leaves for each plant; harvesting the whole plant 6 months after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted; in autumn of 4 th year after planting rhizoma Polygonati, when the overground part of the plant withers completely, the rhizome can be picked and dug in rainy and frost-free weather.
The survival rate and fresh weight of the plants in the experimental group were determined. See Table 2 below
TABLE 2
From the above table, it can be seen that: compared with the mode of planting rhizoma polygonati and anoectochilus roxburghii in a control group, the A, B, C experimental group increases the culture medium according to the proportion, so that the survival rate of the rhizoma polygonati and the anoectochilus roxburghii is higher and the plant yield is higher, wherein the culture medium is prepared by mixing peat, peanut shells and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 2: 2: 0.5 is the best effect.
Specifically, anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings are cultured and grown in a culture medium, 1-5g/L peptone, 0.1-3.0g/L Huabao No. 1, 20-30g/L banana paste, 0.1-3g/L active carbon, 40-50g/L broad-leaved tree leaves, 10-20g/L corn flour and 1-2g/L sucrose are added into a B5 culture medium, and the mass ratio is 1: 5:0.5:6: 1.2:0.8, filling the mixture into a culture bottle for later use, and inoculating the stem tip or the stem segment with the node of the anoectochilus formosanus into the culture bottle for culturing and growing into seedlings.
Of course, the width of the planting zone and the ecological protection zone should be properly optimized and adjusted according to the characteristics of the forest stand and the actual conditions such as the slope of the forest land.
Certainly, in rainy seasons, the ditch should be cleaned and drained timely; in long-term drought, the important body determines watering or spraying according to soil moisture and air humidity.
Claims (6)
1. An under-forest interplanting method of anoectochilus formosanus and polygonatum sibiricum is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the planting steps are as follows,
step one, selecting a forest land: selecting forest stands without serious diseases and insect pests and with light transmittance of 40-50%; selecting a land block with the elevation less than or equal to 800 m and the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, wherein the soil of the land block is loose, fertile and moist, the ratio of humus to soil is high, and the PH value of the soil of the land block is 4.5-7.0;
step two, land parcel processing: clearing weeds, shrubs and vines on a land, turning the land, deeply turning the soil by 20-30 cm, serving as a plurality of planting belts with the width of 1.0-1.2 m, reserving a gap between every two adjacent planting belts to form an ecological protection belt with the width of 0.5-0.7 m, reserving 30-50 cm of the outer side of a horizontal belt of an original horizontal belt, not preparing the land, deeply turning the middle of the horizontal belt by 20-30 cm, and arranging a drainage ditch with the width of 20-30 cm at the inner side of the horizontal belt;
step three, improving the soil of the land parcel: applying 1300 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg-70 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of planting land, disinfecting the planting land by 0.3% -0.5% of potassium permanganate solution, and laminating for 5-7 d;
step four, selecting seedlings: firstly, selecting strong, non-rotten and non-internode rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum, cutting the rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum into segments, soaking the segments with 800-1500 times of carbendazim bactericide for 10-15 min, sealing the cut with plant ash, and airing the treated rhizome segments of polygonatum sibiricum as seed stems; selecting strong, pollution-free, rotten-stem-free and rotten-root-free anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, cleaning the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings, then sterilizing the roots of the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings by using 800-1500 times of 40-60% wettable powder for 6-10min, and airing the treated anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings to serve as seedlings;
step five, planting: firstly, planting polygonatum rhizome seed stems in 11-3 months of the next year, firstly, forming a plurality of planting ditches with row spacing of 50-60 cm on a planting field, wherein the depth of each planting ditch is 10-15 cm, then, flatly placing the polygonatum rhizome seed stems in the ditches, leading the bud heads to be downward, the planting depth to be 8-10 cm and the planting distance to be 30-40 cm, covering soil, then, fully watering, and finally covering any one or a mixture of a plurality of humus, bamboo chips, straws and chaffs; transplanting and planting anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 4-5 months in the first-third year after the polygonatum is planted, interplanting the anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings in 10 +/-1 cm of the rhizome base of the polygonatum, planting and arranging the seedlings at the spacing of 3-5 cm multiplied by 5-8 cm, and watering and fixing root water;
step six, managing after planting: after being planted for 15 days, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time by 1000 times of the liquid of the amino acid liquid fertilizer; after planting for 30 days, spraying 1000 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid for 1 time, and then spraying once every 15-20 days; stopping fertilizing 30 days before harvesting;
seventhly, harvesting: firstly, harvesting the whole plant 6 months after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted; ② when the overground part of the plant withers completely in autumn of 4 years after the cultivation of the sealwort, the rootstocks can be picked and dug in the weather without rain and frost.
2. The under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the forest stand in the first step can be a phyllostachys pubescens forest, a chestnut forest or a fir forest.
3. The under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding a culture medium into the planting field in the third step, wherein the culture medium is formed by mixing peat, peanut shells and organic fertilizers, and the volume ratio of the peat to the peanut shells to the organic fertilizers is 2: 2: 0.5, the peanut shells and the organic fertilizer are decomposed fertilizers.
4. The under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: and C, arranging a sunshade net after the land soil in the step three is improved.
5. The under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, arranging a protective net after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted in the step five, covering the protective net on the ridge and fully unfolding the protective net, and nailing the periphery of the protective net into the ground by using ground nails to realize fixation.
6. The under-forest interplanting method for anoectochilus roxburghii and polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the buds of the polygonatum appear in 4-5 months, picking off the tips, the buds and the flowers, and reserving 7-9 leaves for each plant.
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