CN100415077C - Cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery - Google Patents
Cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery Download PDFInfo
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- CN100415077C CN100415077C CNB2004100665660A CN200410066566A CN100415077C CN 100415077 C CN100415077 C CN 100415077C CN B2004100665660 A CNB2004100665660 A CN B2004100665660A CN 200410066566 A CN200410066566 A CN 200410066566A CN 100415077 C CN100415077 C CN 100415077C
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The present invention comprises the following steps that (1) a seedbed and an arched shed are put up on the selected propagation field, and cuttage substrates are spread in the seedbed; (2) semi-lignified sprouts are used in a cuttage female parent of a red leaf heath or ears of lignified current year branches are cut into a cuttage branch which has a bud with a half leaf and has the length of three to four cm; (3) the cuttage branch is processed through a rooting agent, is soaked through a rooting powder solution and is processed through a root catalyzing agent; (4) cuttage is carried out in a seedbed substrate, cuttage depth is two to four cm, and density is preferable when blades are not overlapped. (5) the substrate is watered with water after cuttage, disinfecting liquid is sprayed to the leaf surface of the branch, and then a plastic film and a shading net are covered on the arched shed, are cut and then are managed. The method can adapt to climate and soil environment in China, and survival rate reaches 90 to 95 %. Propagation speed is high, so the quality of obtained red leaf heaths is high, and the present invention has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery.
Background technology
Photinia glabra (Photinia frasery) is the cultivar of rose family Photinia, belongs to the evergreen broad-leaved dungarunga.Single leaf, alternate, the Lao Ye keratin, leaf surface bottle green tool gloss, the leaf back green, smooth colourless; Elliptic leaf shape lanceolar, long 6-12cm, wide 2.8-4cm; Young sprout and young leaves cerise; Umbrella room panicle, long 10-18cm are given birth in the top; Little floral white, the about 0.85cm in footpath; Early April at florescence is the first tenday period of a month in May at the most; The operatic circle, redness, the footpath 0.6-0.85cm, late summer maturation, sustainable bearing fruit the spring in next year.Photinia glabra is liked well-drained soil, and is not tight to the soil acidity or alkalinity requirement, like fertile chesson, and barren-resistant ability is strong, and clay also can be grown, and is subjected to the nitrogenous fertilizer coercive strong; Happiness light has certain anti-shady ability; Drought-resistant, because of the kind difference, under-9.4 ℃ to-23 ℃ conditions, can safe bare area survive the winter, cold resistance, adaptability and rudiment are strong.Photinia glabra cultivar, mutation or crossbreed are a lot, commonly used in the gardens have " Red Robin ", " Birmingham ", " Rubusta ", " Indian Princess ", " Kentucky ", " Rubens ", " Rosea Marginata ", " Variegata " etc., the red degree of its red autumnal leaves, morphological feature and tree type etc. respectively have characteristics, and ecosystem characterization is also variant.
Our company is ' Red Robin ' from the kind that the U.S., Japan and Holland introduce, economic characters are splendid, young sprout and tender leaf are scarlet and lasting, and be of dazzling beauty, Lao Ye keratin bottle green, has life, infructescence also is red, autumn and winter season, red green alternate, having ornamental value, is the color leaf seeds of sight leaf of red autumnal leaves series rare in the green tree species.Gardens are of many uses, or mass-planting becomes large-scale hedge or curtain wall, or make the usefulness of isolated planting, or potted plant moulding; When hedge or curtain wall a slice are red as fire, give brilliant gorgeous, full of life aesthetic feeling; Simultaneously strong because of its rudiment, anti-pruning, the Huanghe valley and the Yangtze river basin and on the south the region, almost annual can have as the beautiful flame red; Habitat conditions is required not tight, can be barren-resistant, clay, arid, subacidity, neutrality and alkalescence soil, can be low temperature resistant, adaptability is very strong, is easy to transplant, most of at home area is suitable planting all; Particularly Europe, the United States, Japan, Korea S are widely used abroad, but still are a brand-new kind at home, and market demand is more than 1,000,000,000 strains, and prospect is boundless.Photinia glabra is taked cottage propagation mostly, but survival rate is not high, and the survival rate of at present external cuttage is about 30%, and domestic survival rate is about 20%.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to problems of the prior art, the technical scheme of the fast cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery of a kind of survival rate height, reproduction speed is provided.
Described cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) on the breeding spot of choosing, sets up, build shed on the seedbed, in the seedbed, lay sterile-processed cutting medium through the seedbed of sterilization;
(2) take the tender shoots of semi-lignified or lignified branch then to cut fringe from photinia glabra cuttage female parent, be cut into half leaf, one bud, length is the cuttage branch of 3-4cm;
(3) the cuttage branch carries out root-growing agent processing, rooting powder solution dipping, urges the root agent to handle;
(4) carry out cuttage in medium of seedling bed, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-4cm, and density is not advisable so that the cuttage rear blade is overlapping;
(5) water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, and to branch foliage spray disinfecting liquid, covered with plastic film and shade net on shed then enter the management after the cuttage.
Above-mentioned cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery can adapt to the weather soil environment of China, and survival rate reaches 90-95%, and reproduction speed photinia glabra fast, that obtain is best in quality, and it is wide to have market prospects.
Embodiment
On the breeding spot of choosing, set up, build shed on the seedbed, in the seedbed, lay sterile-processed cutting medium through the seedbed of sterilization.The breeding spot is selected that draining is good, subterranean water level is lower, is had a good transport service, the place of abundant water, or adopts the monomer booth, and the lid plastic film was inserted or also should be covered the limit film during autumn sowing in the spring, added shade net.Seedbed leveling, bed surface central authorities and the edge discrepancy in elevation be less than 2cm, the wide 100cm in seedbed, and length is adorned plate washer or fragment of brick generally at 20-30m around the seedbed, about height 12cm.The shed film adopts bamboo plate length 2.1m, and wide 2cm, plastic film thickness are 4.Cutting medium adopts vermiculite, or adopt the yellow soil sieve, or bottom shop one deck rough sand, top shop one deck are mixed with the yellow soil of fine sand, yellow soil accounts for 70-80%, and fine sand accounts for 20-30%, below the sand grain diameter 3mm, or one deck wood sawdust, top shop one deck yellow soil are spread in the bottom, the matrix gross thickness is 8-12cm, preferred 9-11cm, and lower floor's matrix is the 1/4-1/3 of gross thickness.Insert.Nursery bed disinfection adopts 5% liquor potassic permanganate of 200 times of dilutions to spray, and the cutting medium sterilization adopts 8% fenaminosulf solution of 1000 times of dilutions to irrigate, and gets final product cuttage after 24 hours.
Suitable cutting time, the spring inserts and is that it is early June that early March, summer are inserted, and autumn sowing is early September.From photinia glabra cuttage female parent, take the tender shoots or the lignified branch then of semi-lignified to cut fringe, be cut into half leaf, one bud, length is the cuttage branch of 3-4cm, optic lobe sheet internode length and deciding, each fringe bar keeps half blade, adopt flat nick, otch is level and smooth, and clip is about the 1mm of axil top; Accomplish with cutting with cuttage.The cuttage branch takes " No. one, gloomy life " woody plant root-growing agent to flood for 2 seconds; No. 3 1000ppm of ABT root-inducing powder flooded for 2 seconds; Incision is dipped in the Zhou Tianxiang plant and is urged root agent mud.Urge the root agent prescription to adopt: urge root agent 6g/ bag to dissolve with alcohol 30ml, white sugar 30g, composite fertilizer 3g dissolve with 50 ℃ of warm water 60ml, and water 1.4kg is converted in both merging, fully stirs, and pours yellow soil 5kg then into, stirs into starchiness.Carry out cuttage in medium of seedling bed, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-4cm, and density is not advisable density so that the cuttage rear blade is overlapping: seeding row spacing 4 * 6cm, density is 417 strains/m2.Water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, and the U.S. mixed liquor of carbendazim that the foliage spray dilution is 1000 times and anthrax good fortune covers with plastic film, sealing all around, being close to film, to cover light transmittance 50% shade net more two-layer, or set up the shade net of high 1.8m, enters the management after the cuttage.
Management comprises after the cuttage, the management of water supply in media and ambient humidity management, illumination and temperature treatment, the extermination of disease and insect pest, nutrient management, hardening.Water supply in media and ambient humidity management: a week after the cuttage, keeping water content of substrate is the interior relative air humidity 95-98% of 60-70%, shed of saturation moisture content, behind most fringe bar root of hairs, keeping water content of substrate is the 35-45% of saturation moisture content, and progressively opens the film ventilation.Illumination and temperature treatment: still be after the seedbed cuttage in big field no matter with the seedbed in the monomer booth, on little shed, all want the overhead shade net of adding a cover, air themperature in the control shed will be carried out mist cooling at 20-38 ℃ in the monomer canopy or in the overhead shade net.After the cuttage to root of hair with before germinateing, all to shelter from heat or light, summer and autumn, two-layer shade net, the rate of sheltering from heat or light reaches more than 75%.From after the cuttage to removing before the shed film, as accident, shade net is out of joint, produces the seedling of burning day, should add a cover two-layer shade net, above spray cooling, can alleviate day burns loses.The extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly be anthracnose and root rot,, spray anthrax good fortune U.S. and carbendazim solution, in time pull out diseased plant simultaneously every 20 days.Nutrient management: substantially without base manure, behind the cuttage branch root of hair foliation, spray 0.2% urea liquid during cuttage.Hardening: about 20 days, begin to note observing young sprout and sprout situation and root of hair situation correspondingly after the cuttage.After the fringe bar more than 50% is extracted sprouting out, grown young sprout, can progressively open the film at little shed two ends; After 80% above fringe bar is taken out the tip and is taken root, can all remove little shed film, carry out hardening.
Cuttage seeding is transplanted through after the hardening, is used to cultivate commercial seedling or cuttage female parent, is supporting technology related to the present invention.Select that quality is loose, fertile for use, subacidity is to neutral, and the field piece with corresponding auxiliary facility is as transplanting ground.If soil is sticking weigh, harden, gas permeability is poor, it is unfavorable that photinia glabra is grown, and must carry out soil melioration.Winter to next year, before turning in the soil, every mu applied the barnyard manure 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed by the end of February, and other adds phosphate fertilizer 50kg; After turning over for the first time, apply every mu 100 bag of husk, discharge every mu of 2kg of insecticide carbofuran again, with the control soil insect.Turn over to adopt and plough deeply in the soil for the first time, and more than the degree of depth 25cm, the dead angle is not stayed in the field, carefully harrows once the available mechanical cultivation in place with good conditionsi then.Require rake carefully to rake, accomplish that bed surface is smooth substantially.Around the piece of whole field, open zanjon, dark 50cm, wide 60cm; If seedbed length greater than 50m, is opened a middle ditch in the middle of the seedbed, on average open a middle ditch, dark 40cm, wide 50cm every 25m; Seedbed face width 110cm, the bed surface soil block is whole thin, and high slightly in the middle of the bed surface, both sides are low slightly, the dark 30cm of pavement, wide 40cm, pavement two is low, and the centre is high slightly, forms certain gradient, guarantees that draining is unimpeded.After rake spy bed is turned in the soil, build shade net, adopt mao bamboon or the stake of path carpentery workshop, from bed surface height 1.8m, pile spacing draws the crude iron silk again from 5.8m * 5.8m, cover shade net, the rate of sheltering from heat or light is 75%, with cloth or thin wire shade net is fixed on the crude iron silk at last.
Transplanting time is that early November is to the late March in next year.Transplant seeding row spacing: spacing in the rows 40cm, equilateral triangle configuration, line-spacing 40cm.Every mu 72.0% effective area is planted 3000 strains.Cuttage seeding is transplanted and is made female parent, will pluck the top before transplanting.Surpass 10cm as height of seedling, can cut at height of seedling 10cm place and do, the fringe the done bar cuttage of cutting.Fixed point is dug the cave, if cuttage seeding in cave dish or take out in the nutritive cube, should keep native ball complete when then transplanting.If bareroot seedling is then suitably pruned root system, wipe out long lateral root.Bareroot seedling is mixed with 0.5% phosphate fertilizer with yellow mud and dips in root before transplanting.The degree of depth of transplanting is moderate, and the basic degree of depth with original plant is consistent, use fine earth, and yellow soil preferably, does not have careless, no worm, anosis at subacidity, piles around root, gently carry seedling, soil pressure in fact, water permeable, bedding is careless, be used for preserving moisture and preventing weed growth.If directly cultivate commercial seedling, can be transplanted in 15cm * 15cm container, cultivate container seedling.
The the managing and protecting of transplanted seedling comprises that water management, illumination management, nutrient management, soil management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and female parent cut fringe and commercial seedling shaping.Water management: will in time water at seedling-slowing stage,, will water in the 4th day after the transplanting, water one time water later on every 10 days as continuous sunny; As the continuous rainy day, timely draining; Cover the seedbed with straw, both can keep moisture in the soil, can lower surface temperature again, prevent that nursery stock rhizosphere position from burning.Illumination management: cuttage seeding is transplanted the initial stage, for improving survival rate, shelter from heat or light; Female parent seedling grows into can adopt fringe preceding about 10 days, threw off shade net, gave the full exposure condition, promoted fringe bar lignification; During adopting fringe, cover shade net, to reduce scattering and disappearing of fringe bar moisture.The nutrient management: 15 days began to April after transplanting, and spread fertilizer over the fields urea 5kg/ mu one time every 10 days; The 5-6 month was spread fertilizer over the fields once-combined fertile 5kg/ mu every 10 days; The 7-8 month, executed urea 5kg/ mu one time every 10 days, can be mixed with 0.2% concentration and water and execute; The 11-12 month, execute the fertilizer 1500kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, throat in the ranks, bury and execute; When spreading fertilizer over the fields urea and composite fertilizer, carrying out in conjunction with weeding with a hoe, execute in the ranks, is standard with no seedling injury wood stem, branch and blade; After adopting fringe, maternal plant is applied fertilizer immediately.Soil management: weeding will be accomplished " remove early, remove little, except ", and accomplishing on the seedbed does not have weeds substantially; Fine behind the rain, in time weed with a hoe, to keep soil from packing together.The extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly contain gray mold, leaf spot, sunscald and scale insect, and the harm of common food leaf, trunk borer and soil insect.
(1) control of gray mold: the solution spray that adopts 1000 times of 50% carbendazim dilutions; Period of disease can be sprayed once or carbendazim dilution 800-1000 solution spray doubly with the every two weeks of 1% bordeaux mixture; Or with the solution spray of 800 times of 50% zineb dilutions.
(2) control of leaf spot: adopt dilution 100-150 bordeaux mixture spraying doubly, or 60-75% zineb dilution 500-1000 solution doubly, or 50% carbendazim dilution 300-400 solution doubly, or 50% topsin dilution 300-400 solution doubly, or 50% Tuzet dilution 800-1000 solution spray doubly.
(3) control of sunscald: note sheltering from heat or light and face of land mulching straw.
(4) control of scale insect: adopt 50% dichlorvos emulsion dilution 500-800 doubly to spray or dilute 1000-1500 and doubly spray; The dilution of 45% dimethoate emulsion is sprayed or is diluted 800-1000 for 200 times and doubly sprays; 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution dilution 1000-2000 doubly sprays.
(5) control of defoliator: adopt 50% DDT EC dilution 1000-1500 doubly to spray, or 40% dimethoate emulsion dilution 800-1000 doubly spray, or 1000 times of sprayings of 30% orthene dilution.
(6) control of trunk borer: adopt 200-400 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate dilution or 100-200 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution to spray, spouting liquid flows to till the liquid with trunk; When adult occurs, with 1000 times of sprayings of 80% dichlorvos dilution; Late September is sprayed 80% dichlorvos or 200 times of poisonings of phoxim dilution adult at butt.
(7) control of soil insect: period poison bait, convert water 250g dissolving with 40% crystal chlorophos 50g after, mix 1kg wheat bran, make period poison bait, every mu of 1-1.5kg; Light trap, for adult, available black light lamp trapping; Medicament poisoning is with Uranus of 1500 times of dilutions or dilute 1000 times 50% DDT EC and spray; Be sprinkled in the soil with the furans pellet and prevent and treat every mu of consumption 2kg.
Female parent is cut fringe: cutting the fringe time for the first time is about June 10, the young sprout semi-lignified; For the second time cutting the fringe time is about September 10.Cut off half of maternal side shoot the first time, stays about branch height 10cm; Cut off for the second time side shoot remaining half, stay about branch height 10cm.The stock tree type: top smooth, about hat width of cloth 20cm.The commercial seedling shaping: the pruning time is about June 10 for the first time, stays about branch height 20cm, and the disposable pruning of all side shoots promotes branch; Prune for the second time, according to the requirement of landscape engineering, prune shaping, principle is under the prerequisite of voluminous fringe bar, and it is elegant in appearance to take into account maternal plant type.
Claims (10)
1. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) on the breeding spot of choosing, sets up, build shed on the seedbed, on the seedbed, lay sterile-processed cutting medium through the seedbed of sterilization;
(2) take the tender shoots of semi-lignified or lignified branch then to cut fringe from photinia glabra cuttage female parent, be cut into half leaf, one bud, length is the cuttage branch of 3-4cm;
(3) the cuttage branch carries out root-growing agent processing, rooting powder solution dipping, urges the root agent to handle;
(4) carry out cuttage in medium of seedling bed, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-4m, and density is not advisable so that the cuttage rear blade is overlapping;
(5) water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, and to branch foliage spray disinfecting liquid, covered with plastic film and shade net on shed then enter the management after the cuttage.
2. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that cutting medium adopts vermiculite, or adopt the yellow soil sieve, or bottom shop one deck rough sand, top shop one deck are with the yellow soil of fine sand, or one deck wood sawdust, top shop one deck yellow soil are spread in the bottom, the matrix gross thickness is 8-12cm, preferred 9-11cm, below matrix be the 1/4-1/3 of gross thickness.
3. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that 5% liquor potassic permanganate of 200 times of nursery bed disinfection employing dilutions sprays, and the cutting medium sterilization adopts the 8% fenaminosulf solution that dilutes 1000 times to irrigate.
4. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described root-growing agent is treated to employing woody plant root-growing agent and flooded for 2 seconds, the described root powder solution impregnation of urging flooded for 2 seconds for adopting No. 3 1000ppm of ABT root-inducing powder, describedly urged the root agent to be treated to incision dipping in the Zhou Tianxiang plant and urge root agent mud.
5. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1, the seeding row spacing that it is characterized in that cuttage is 4 * 6cm, density is 417 strains/m
2
6. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that carbendazim and the anthrax good fortune U.S. mixed liquor of the disinfecting liquid of foliage spray for 1000 times of dilutions.
7. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that water supply in media and ambient humidity management after the cuttage: a week after the cuttage, keeping water content of substrate is the interior relative air humidity 95-98% of 60-70%, shed of saturation moisture content, behind most fringe bar root of hairs, keeping water content of substrate is the 35-45% of water content, and progressively opens the film ventilation.
8. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that illumination and temperature treatment after the cuttage: the overhead shade net of adding a cover above the shed, the temperature in the control shed is at 25-38 ℃.
9. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that after the cuttage every 20 days, sprayed anthrax good fortune U.S. and carbendazim solution.
10. cuttage breeding method for photinia frasery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that cuttage branch root of hair foliation after, spray 0.2% urea liquid.
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