CN103081683B - Improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method comprises the steps that (1) a disinfected hot bed is set up on a selected breeding ground, arc frames are arranged on a seedbed, and disinfected cutting mediums are laid in the seedbed; (2) a half-lignified twig is cut from an improved American red maple maternal plant, and the twig is cut into a cutting slip with a length of 8-10 cm and with two buds and two pieces of half leaves; (3) the lower incision of the cutting slip is soaked in rooting agent, rooting powder solution, and hormone solution to facilitate rooting; (4) the cutting slip is inserted in the seedbed mediums, the depth of insertion is 2-4 cm, the density is that the space in the rows is 5cm and the space between rows is 6 cm, and the leaves face the same direction; and (5) the mediums are watered thoroughly after the cutting slip is implanted in, then a plastic thin film and a shading net are covered on the arc frames, and management after implanting begins. According to the improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method, the operation is simple without restrictions of regions and weather conditions, the speed of reproduction is fast, rate of survival is more than 95%, an improved American red maple seedling obtained is developed in root system and good in quality, and thus market prospects are broad.

Description

The red maple softwood cutting propagation of a kind of Modified American method

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the red maple softwood cutting propagation of a kind of Modified American method.

background technology

American red-maple is the common name of the red maple of north America region, its vegetable formal name be red maple ( acer rubrum), be that Aceraceae maple belongs to deciduous tree.Red maple originates in the U.S. and Canada area, and before and after 2000, red maple original seed is introduced into domesticly, is often called American red-maple.Conventionally with the original seed of seed broadcast mode breeding, planting scale is less at home.In the U.S., bright in order to obtain autumn scenery, the ornamental performance that red autumnal leaves are lasting, horticulture person therefrom seed selection more than 40 very outstanding horticultural gardening kinds, be referred to as the red maple of Modified American, generally must breed by vegetative mode.

At present, China introduce the red maple kind of Modified American mainly contain red maple improve the breed " sunset " ( acer rubrum ' Red Sunset '), " summer is red " ( acer rubrum ' Summer Red '), " autumn roaring flame " ( acer rubrum ' Autumn Flame '), " radiance in October " ( acer rubrum ' October Glory '), " wine is red " ( acer rubrum ' Brandy wine '), " autumn tower " ( acer rubrum ' Autumn Spire '), hybridization red maple improve the breed " autumn flame " ( acer r. × freemanii ' Autumn Blaze '), " illusion on autumn days " ( acer r. × freemanii ' Autumn Fantasy ') etc. kind.

The major advantage of the red maple of Modified American is: aspect changes obviously, and sight is good.Plant and have a wide reach, on the south China Heilungkiang, to the north of Guangdong, all can plant.The red maple of Modified American is main on gardens is one of current most popular colored green tree species as street tree, shelter from heat or light tree and landscape tree, and the market demand is huge.In Shanghai and Beijing Botanical Garden introducing and planting for many years, performance better.At present, there is introducing and planting in the provinces and cities such as Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Liaoning.The modes of reproduction of the red maple of Modified American has propagation by grafiting, cottage propagation and tissue culture propagating etc.At home, the red maple cottage propagation of Modified American survival rate is generally lower, only 30-40% left and right, and technical application is poor.

The red maple kind of a kind of Modified American relating in the present invention be " autumn flame " ( acer × freemanii ' Autumn Blaze '), be the kind that Agricultural University Of Shenyang drew from the U.S. in 2008, through selection and breeding in a few years, filter out the good plant of suitable northern area natural conditions, cottage propagation on this basis.

The red maple of Modified American " autumn flame ", for Aceraceae maple belongs to deciduous tree, the height of tree 18～25m, hat 12～15m, tree crown ellipse.Leaf is to life, 3 or 5 shallow splitting, palmate, the long 5～10cm of leaf.Spring spire light red, how by white fine hair, summer, leaf look dark green, autumn, leaf look became peony, hung long, fallen leaves evening look phase.Bloom spring, Red Flowers fringe.Samara light red, long 2.5～5cm.Treelet bark is smooth, and canescence approaches silver color.Trunk is straight, becomes dark brown flakey, and material is hard, texture good.General year increment can reach 0.8～1.2m, and the life-span is about 100 years.Outstanding improving the breed in this kind red maple and silvery white maple hybridization system, has not only inherited the excellence sight of red maple, and has inherited the extensive adaptability of silvery white maple, and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, drought-enduring, waterlogging, wind resistance, growth are quick, the low temperature of ability-35 DEG C.Happiness part or Full daylight photograph, can tolerate half cloudy environment.Adapt to neutral and micro-acid or alkalescence soil.Like moist, fertile soil, and grow the most desirable at micro-acid, soil moistening, good water permeability.The optimum range of pH value is 4.5～9.5, and the scope of the pH value of growing best is 6.0～7.0." autumn flame " tree crown is dense, and branch is uprightly unfolded, and autumn leaves is orange red to red as fire, unified neat, hangs look lasting, tree type grace, special suitable for city road, courtyard greening.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to problems of the prior art, the technical scheme of the red maple cuttage breeding method of a kind of Modified American that a kind of reproduction speed is fast, survival rate is high, practical is provided.

The red maple cuttage breeding method of Modified American provided by the invention, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) on the breeding spot of choosing, set up to give birth to the sterilization seedbed of horsehit as ferment material, river sand as seedling medium;

(2), from the stalwartness of growing, take the branch of the semi-lignified of giving birth to then to cut fringe without damage by disease and insect, the red maple maternal plant of the well-developed Modified American of tree vigo(u)r, being cut into length is 8～10cm, with the cuttings of 2 buds and 2 half sheet leaves;

(3) cuttings lower cut 2～3cm is in the mixed liquor of 30 times of aqueous solution of root-growing agent " root treasured " and " root is luxuriant " 1000 times of aqueous solution equivalent proportionings or with dipping 6s in the 1000mg/L ABT1 root-inducing powder aqueous solution or the mixed liquor by the 1000mg/L ABT1 root-inducing powder aqueous solution and 1000mg/L IBA plant hormone aqueous solution equivalent proportioning, in order to hestening rooting;

(4) cuttings is inserted in medium of seedling bed, seeding row spacing is 5 × 6cm, insertion depth 2～4cm, and blade is towards same direction;

(5) after cuttage, water irrigates matrix, a high about 50cm bow member on seedbed, covered with plastic film on bow member, surrounding sealing;

(6) after cuttage, during cuttage rooting, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 60～70%, and in plastic canopy, relative air humidity remains on 80～85%, the strict interior temperature of plastic canopy of controlling is no more than 29 DEG C, adopts the mode plastic canopy of intermittently spraying water to lower the temperature outward.On seedbed, set up bow member, on bow member, elevated sunshade net shelters from heat or light, and keeping light transmittance is 40～50%;

(7) after cuttage to during taking root, after cuttage, sprayed 1 the tpn aqueous solution to seedbed every 3 days, and then interval sprays 1 the mancozeb aqueous solution for 4 days, two kinds of liquids alternately spray, and prevent that cuttings from going rotten; After most fringe bar root of hairs, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 35～40%, and open gradually film and ventilate.

Good effect of the present invention is: this Technique on Cuttage Propagation is applied widely, and no matter large specification nursery or middle-size and small-size nursery stock production base all can be according to nursery stock production Location of requirement cuttage scales separately, easy and simple to handle; The method promotes that the required processing time of cuttage rooting is short, and suitable batch is produced nursery stock; This cuttage breeding method rooting rate is fast, and rooting efficiency is good.After cuttage, approximately 7～10d cuttings starts to take root, and about 30d cuttings is all taken root, and rooting rate reaches more than 95%, and on average takes root several 12, and wherein the long I level lateral root of > 5cm is counted 7 of average out to, well developed root system, and seedling quality is good.

Embodiment

Seedling bed is set up in the garden of first choose high-land, draining is good, water source is convenient, have illumination condition, soil layer is deep, permeability is good on the ground, seedbed specification is the wide 1m of bed surface, the wide 40cm of pavement, and bed is about 10～20m, seedbed surrounding is crowded around with brick or baffle plate, and pavement puzzles with brick.The bottom in seedbed first spreads the raw horsehit that 3～5cm is thick, and then, at the river sand of crossing 2mm sieve of the about 15cm of horsehit upper berth thickness, about the covering gross thickness 18～20cm of seedbed, bed surface river sand is lower than brick or the about 2cm of baffle plate of seedbed surrounding.Bury concrete stake or timber underground in the seedling bed surrounding of setting up, set up cool canopy.Concrete stake or the timber high 1.5～1.8m that bassets, draws iron wire on concrete stake or timber, upper cover individual layer or double-layered sunshade net.The raw horsehit of nursery bed disinfection adopts medicament " to kill three chis " and kills the bacterium worm in soil, and every 800g medicament is mixed raw horsehit 30kg, and river sand adopts mass concentration 5% liquor potassic permanganate to spray nursery bed disinfection, and consumption is 1.5～2.0L/m ², after spraying, 15～20min clear water sprays seedbed 2～3 times, washes away surface, seedbed liquor potassic permanganate, and each water consumption is 3～5L/m ².

Suitable cutting time is to be advisable June～August then.From the stalwartness of growing, without damage by disease and insect, the red maple of the well-developed Modified American of tree vigo(u)r " autumn flame " ( acer × freemanii ' Autumn Blaze ') choose current-year branch on elite stand, the current-year branch of cutting is put into immediately shady and cool indoor, and with thin eye watering can to water spray on branch with the dehydration of minimizing branch.Cut before fringe, first cut current-year branch and there is no the lignified children tender top tip and excessively thick base portion, cuttings rugosity is with 0.5～1.0cm the best, long 8～the 10cm of each cuttings, be with 2 axillalry buds, and retain 2 half sheet leaves, upper cut is the truncation of 1～1.5cm place above axillalry bud, lower cut truncation or cut sth. askew, ensures the smooth not splitting of otch.Every 30～50 a bundles of cuttings that shear, the alignment of every bundle cuttings lower cut, ties with rubber sleeve, with cutting with cuttage.By the bundled cuttings root-inducing promoter processing shearing, wherein, root-growing agent is " root treasured " 30 times of aqueous solution and " root is luxuriant " 1000 times of aqueous solution mixed in equal amounts; Or the 1000mg/L ABT1 root-inducing powder aqueous solution; Or the 1000mg/L ABT1 root-inducing powder aqueous solution and 1000mg/L IBA plant hormone aqueous solution mixed in equal amounts, then cuttings lower cut 2～3cm is in above-mentioned root-inducing promoter and dips 6s taking-up, put in the cool and get final product cuttage after 10～20min.

In medium of seedling bed, carry out cuttage, the cuttage degree of depth is 2～4cm, and the seeding row spacing of cuttage is 5 × 6cm, and density is 330 strains/m ², when cuttage, make cuttings blade towards same direction, after cuttage, water irrigates matrix.After a seedbed cuttage finishes, on bed surface, with long 1.8m, the bamboo plate of wide 4cm props up bow member, and the high about 50cm of bow member highest point inserts a bamboo plate at interval of 50cm on seedbed, then covered with plastic film on bow member, surrounding sealing.

Management after cuttage comprises, the management of water supply in media and ambient humidity management, illumination and temperature treatment, pest management, hardening.The management of water supply in media and ambient humidity after cuttage: after cuttage during taking root, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 60～70%, relative air humidity remains on 80～85%, after most fringe bar root of hairs, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 35～40%, and open gradually film and ventilate.Illumination and temperature treatment: after the cuttage of seedbed, land for growing field crops, the overhead double-layered sunshade net of adding a cover on little shed, during taking root, in strict control plastic canopy, temperature is no more than 29 DEG C, adopts intermittently water spray mode to lower the temperature.After cuttage to before root of hair, all want bilayer to shelter from heat or light, light transmittance approximately 40～50%, after cuttage, approximately 7～10d cuttings starts to take root, about 30d cuttings is all taken root, and rooting rate reaches more than 95%, on average takes root several 12, wherein the long I level lateral root of > 5cm is counted 7 of average out to, the long 12.5cm of average root.The extermination of disease and insect pest: during cuttage root-taking, due to hot and humid, cuttings is very easily mouldy rots, therefore, after cuttage every 3 days with 600～800 times of aqueous solution of tpn of atomizers spray (50% wetting powder), after spraying tpn, 600～800 times of aqueous solution of mancozeb (80% wetting powder) are sprayed at interval for 4 days, and two kinds of medicaments alternately spray, and dosage is 0.5L/ m ², until cuttings is all taken root, pull out in time diseased plant simultaneously.Each spray medicine notes opening fast plastic film, at once the plastic foil on seedbed is covered to surrounding sealing after spray medicine.Nutrient management: when cuttage, medium of seedling bed does not apply fertilizer, and after cuttage branch root of hair foliation, can spray foliage fertilizer.Hardening after cuttage: after cuttings is all taken root, throw off one deck sunshade net, now light transmittance approximately 70%, early open the plastic film of little shed every day when 8:00 time～18:00, after about 20d, remove plastic film completely, remove canopy film and remove sunshade net after 3～4 days, spray water 3～4 time to seedbed with sprayer every day, each water consumption 2～3L/m ².

Cuttage seeding continues in the growth of former seedbed after hardening, when temperature reduces, after nursery stock blade major part comes off, a kind of processing mode is: the nursery stock on seedbed is tripped out, be transplanted in plastic containers cup, the specification of container cup is Φ 12cm × H13cm, in container, matrix is seedbed table soil or sandy loam or the peat composed of rotten mosses: table soil=1:1, the 1 strain cuttage seeding of planting in every container, the plastic containers cup that cuttage seeding is housed is moved into and do not heated in plastic tunnel, keep the interior temperature of plastic tunnel at 3～5 DEG C, Second Year early and middle ten days in April in spring, nursery stock in plastic tunnel can be transplanted to large Tanaka, transplanting seeding row spacing is 50 × 50cm, stocking is 39960 strains/hm ²(2664 plants/acre), Second Year after transplanting, transplants stocking 9990 strains/hm every strain ²(666 plants/acre).The second processing mode is: after hardening, cuttage seeding is stayed bed in former seedbed, when after nursery stock fallen leaves, below mercury dropped to 0 DEG C, when night, lowest temperature reached-5 DEG C, seedbed nursery stock is covered with stalk or straw, on stalk or straw, cover with tarpaulin, tarpaulin surrounding presses with weight, in case raised by wind, until Second Year spring, after soil thaws, cuttage seeding is tripped out from nursery, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, planting density is the same.

The red maple of Modified American is planted behind land for growing field crops, for cultivating commercial seedling and cuttage female parent, is the relevant supporting technology of the present invention.

1. transplanted seedling tree

1) wholely: red maple belongs to shallow root seeds, lateral root prosperity, main active root 20～30cm place under earth's surface.Soil layer should loosen therebetween, is rich in organic matter, to promote lateral root growth.Before arable land, fertilizer is sprinkling upon to earth's surface uniformly, 75000kg/ hm ²(5000kg/ mu).Then turn over, tilling depth should be between 25～30cm.

2) planting density: transplanted seedling tree after 2～3 years distance between rows and hills be 2.0 × 2.0m, until being again adjusted into 4.0 × 2.0m after strongly fragrant covering in the ranks.

3) planting of plants: red maple is planted should be shallow is flat or be advisable a little less than earth's surface 4～5cm with earth's surface one with tree seedling root neck.After planting, tread or use wooden stick tamping, post-trenching is poured water, and supplements in time second time water after earth's surface is slightly dry, then seals weir, can play like this insulation, moisture-keeping function.After nursery stock exhibition leaf, to fill with in time water the 3rd time.Can decide irrigation frequency with Changes in weather and soil dry humidity later.

2. field management

1) supply of liquid manure

Draining and irrigation: after watering period divides resting stage to fill with to thaw before anti-freezing water, rudiment, fill with the water of turning green, vegetative period and pour water.After trees dormancy, the freeze-up front combination basal dressing of soil is filled with anti-freezing water, will be by cold-proof the ridging of collar place after pouring water.The water soil before tree rudiment of turning green is filled with flood after thawing.Vegetative period, frequency of irrigation should be many, made soil moisture keep 60%～70% of maxmun field capacity, will note discharging ground internal water accumulation in rainy season, will stop pouring water or deciding to pour water how many according to soil regime, in case nursery stock excessive growth and suffer freeze injury to mid or late August.Also to prevent too arid, pour water in season and should carry out in conjunction with Nitrogen Top Dressing simultaneously in growth simultaneously.When leaf variable color, soil conservation drying regime.

Period and the method for fertilising: the red maple of Modified American should be taking fertilizer as main chemical fertilizer is as auxiliary.After spring, soil thawed, fertilising is taking nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer as main, to supply root system and terminal bud required nutrient.Growth season, taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, should Shaoshi duty execute.In whole growth season, execute 450～600kg/hm ²(30～45 kg/mu) urea, point 4～5 combinations are poured water or rainfall imposes.Should stop the supply of nitrogenous fertilizer to mid or late August.Before and after the Autumnal Equinox, use once-combined fertilizer or fertilizer in conjunction with ploughing, taking potash fertilizer as main, can accelerate like this degree of lignification of nursery stock, thereby improve cold performance.After tree deciduous leaf, before soil is freeze-up, execute a fertilizer as base manure, adopt circulating application more, the degree of depth is advisable at 30～40cm.

2) trimming and finishing

Pruning period: pruning period is best period to mid-August mainly in vegetative period after spire is put on display in trees rudiment, and resting stage forbids to prune.A little less than the red maple callus of Modified American ability, clip subjects to freeze injury.Red maple bleeding is more serious in addition, so do not prune before the rudiment of Winter-Spring.

Prune main points: on the tree-like basis of reservation nature, prune.Protection terminal bud, safeguards master slightly and main side shoot, prunes skewness branch off, arranges assorted branch, and pruning should be lacked.

3) extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest of the red maple main diseases of Modified American has two spotted spider mite, longicorn, leaf spot.

Two spotted spider mite: the red maple leaf sheet of harm Modified American, form and move back green spot, when serious, easily cause fallen leaves, employing is swept clean 1000～1500 times of liquid of mite and is carried out foliar spray.

Longicorn: belong to trunk borer.Catch adult and strike off worm's ovum with manually flutterring.Spray with 2000～3000 times of liquid such as killing chrysanthemum fat, time, or inject the agricultural chemicals such as acephatemet, dichlorvos and live the controls such as gallery mouth by viscosity mudding to limb at gallery mouth.

Leaf spot: the initial stage forms water stain shape on blade tip and blade top and moves back green fleck, the dried-up shape of anaphase blade.Can spray tpn, carbendazim, 800～1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl.

Claims (7)

1. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of a Modified American method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) set up to give birth to the sterilization seedbed of horsehit as ferment material, river sand as seedling medium on the ground choosing the good garden of permeability;

(2) annual June～August, take the branch of the semi-lignified of giving birth to then to cut fringe from the red maple of the well-developed Modified American of tree vigo(u)r " autumn flame " maternal plant, rugosity 0.5～the 1.0cm of branch, being cut into length is 8～10cm, with the cuttings of 2 buds and 2 half sheet leaves;

(3) cuttings lower cut 2～3cm is in the mixed liquor of 30 times of aqueous solution of root-growing agent " root treasured " and " root is luxuriant " 1000 times of aqueous solution equivalent proportionings or the mixed liquor by the 1000mg/L ABT1 root-inducing powder aqueous solution and 1000mg/L IBA plant hormone aqueous solution equivalent proportioning and dips 6s, then cuttings is put in the cool to cuttage after 10～20min, in order to hestening rooting;

(4) cuttings is inserted in medium of seedling bed, the cuttage degree of depth is 2～4cm, and the seeding row spacing of cuttage is 5 × 6cm, and density is 330 strains/m ², when cuttage, make cuttings blade towards same direction;

(5) after cuttage, water irrigates matrix, a high about 50cm bow member on seedbed, covered with plastic film on bow member, surrounding sealing;

(6) after cuttage, during cuttage rooting, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 60～70%, and in plastic canopy, relative air humidity remains on 80～85%, the strict interior temperature of plastic canopy of controlling is no more than 29 DEG C, adopts the mode plastic canopy of intermittently spraying water to lower the temperature outward; Bury concrete stake or timber underground in seedbed surrounding, concrete stake or the timber high 1.5-1.8m that bassets, draws iron wire on concrete stake or timber, and upper cover double-layered sunshade net shelters from heat or light, and to keep light transmittance be 40～50%;

(7) for preventing that cuttings from going rotten, after cuttage, to during taking root, spray a tpn aqueous solution after cuttage every 3 days to seedbed, and then interval sprays a mancozeb aqueous solution for 4 days, two kinds of liquids alternately spray;

(8) after most fringe bar root of hairs, to keep water content of substrate be saturation moisture content 35～40%, and open gradually film and ventilate.

2. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 1 method, it is characterized in that choosing current-year branch from the red maple elite stand of Modified American, the cuttings rugosity of clip is with 0.5～1.0cm the best, upper cut is the truncation of 1～1.5cm place above axillalry bud, lower cut truncation or cut sth. askew, the smooth not splitting of otch.

3. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 1 method, is characterized in that cuttings vertically to insert in medium of seedling bed, and the density of cuttage is 330 strains/m ².

4. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 1 method, it is characterized in that spraying the tpn aqueous solution after cuttage is 600～800 times of tpn aqueous solution, spraying the mancozeb aqueous solution is 600～800 times of mancozeb aqueous solution, and dosage is 0.5L/ m ², until cuttings is all taken root, pull out in time diseased plant simultaneously.

5. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 1 method, is characterized in that, after cuttage branch root of hair foliation, spraying foliage fertilizer, removes canopy film and after 3～4 days, removes gradually sunshade net.

6. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 1 method, is characterized in that the thick raw horsehit at the bottom paving 3～5cm in seedbed, the river sand then sieving at the mistake 2mm of horsehit upper berth thickness 15cm.

7. the red maple softwood cutting propagation of the Modified American as described in claim 6 method, it is characterized in that the raw horsehit of nursery bed disinfection adopts medicament " to kill three chis " and kills the bacterium worm in soil, every 800g medicament is mixed raw horsehit 30kg, river sand adopts mass concentration 5% liquor potassic permanganate to spray seedbed, and consumption is 1.5～2.0L/m ², after sprinkling 15～20min, spray seedbed with clear water, wash away surface, seedbed liquor potassic permanganate.