CN103081683B - Improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs. The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. It includes the following steps: (1) Establish a sterilized hotbed on the selected breeding ground, erect an arch frame on the seedbed, and lay a sterilized cutting substrate in the seedbed; Cut the ears of the branches, and cut them into cuttings with a length of 8-10cm, with 2 buds and 2 and a half leaves; (3) Soak the lower incision of the cuttings in rooting agent, rooting powder solution, and hormone solution to promote rooting; (4 ) Insert the cuttings into the seedbed substrate, the insertion depth is 2-4cm, the density is 5×6cm between plants and rows, and the leaves face the same direction; (5) After the cuttings, water the substrate thoroughly, then cover the arch frame with plastic film and sunshade net, and enter Post-plug management. The method is not restricted by regions and climate conditions, and is easy to operate, fast in propagation, and has a survival rate of over 95%. The improved American red maple seedlings obtained have well-developed root systems, good quality, and broad market prospects.

Description

An improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to an improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs.

Background technique

American red maple is a general term for red maple in North America. Its botanical name is Acer rubrum , which is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Aceraceae. The red maple is native to the United States and Canada. The original species of the red maple was introduced into China around 2000, and it is often called the American red maple. The original species, which are usually propagated by seed sowing, are planted on a small scale in China. In the United States, in order to obtain bright autumn colors and long-lasting ornamental properties of red leaves, horticultural workers have selected more than forty excellent horticultural cultivars, collectively known as the improved American red maple, which generally must be reproduced by asexual reproduction.

At present, the improved American red maple varieties introduced in China mainly include Acer rubrum 'Red Sunset' , Acer rubrum 'Summer Red' , Acer rubrum ' Autumn Flame' ), Acer rubrum 'October Glory' , Acer rubrum 'Brandy wine' , Acer rubrum 'Autumn Spire' , hybrid Acer rubrum improved Varieties such as " Acer r.×freemanii'Autumn Blaze'"(Acer r.×freemanii'Autumn Blaze' ), "Autumn Fantasy"( Acer r.×freemanii'Autumn Fantasy' ) and other varieties.

The main advantages of the improved American red maple are: obvious seasonal changes and good viewing. The planting range is wide, and it can be planted in the south of Heilongjiang and the north of Guangdong in my country. The improved American red maple is mainly used as a street tree, shade tree and landscape tree in gardens. It is currently one of the most popular colored greening tree species, and the market demand is huge. It has been introduced and cultivated in Shanghai and Beijing Botanical Gardens for many years and performed well. At present, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Liaoning and other provinces and cities have introduced and cultivated. The propagation methods of improved American red maple include grafting propagation, cutting propagation and tissue culture propagation. In China, the survival rate of improved American red maple cuttings is generally low, only about 30-40%, and the technical practicability is poor.

An improved American red maple variety involved in the present invention is " Acer × freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' ", which was introduced from the United States by Shenyang Agricultural University in 2008. After several years of cultivation and selection, it was screened out Excellent plants suitable for the natural conditions in the northern region can be propagated by cuttings on this basis.

The improved American red maple "Autumn Flame" is a deciduous tree of the Aceraceae family, with a height of 18-25m, a crown width of 12-15m, and an oval crown. Leaves opposite, 3 or 5 lobed, palmate, 5-10cm long. The young leaves are light red in spring, mostly covered with white fluff, green in summer, and dark red in autumn, with a long hanging color period and late leaf fall. Flowers in spring with red spikes. Samara light red, 2.5-5cm long. The bark of young trees is smooth, off-white, almost silvery. The trunk is straight and scale-like in dark brown, with hard material and good texture. Generally, the annual growth can reach 0.8-1.2m, and the life span is about 100 years. This species is the most outstanding improved variety among the hybrid lines of Acer safflower and Acer syringae. It not only inherits the excellent ornamental quality of Acer Wind, fast growth, and can withstand low temperatures of -35°C. Prefers partial or full sun and can tolerate partial shade. Adapt to neutral and slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil. It likes moist, fertile soil, and grows best in slightly acidic, moist, well-permeable soil. The suitable range of pH value is 4.5-9.5, and the optimal growth range of pH value is 6.0-7.0. "Autumn Flame" has a dense canopy, straight and stretching branches, orange-red to fiery red autumn leaves, uniform and neat, long-lasting hanging color, and beautiful tree shape, especially suitable for urban roads and garden greening.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a technical scheme for improving the cutting propagation method of American red maple with fast propagation speed, high survival rate and strong practicability.

The improved American red maple cutting propagation method provided by the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) Establish a sterilized seedbed with raw horse manure as the heating material and river sand as the seedling substrate on the selected breeding ground;

(2) From the improved female parent plant of American red maple with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and well-developed tree vigor, cut the semi-lignified branches of the current year and cut them into lengths of 8-10 cm, with 2 buds and 2 pieces Cuttings with half a leaf;

(3) Put the rooting agent "Genbao" 30 times aqueous solution and "Genmao" 1000 times aqueous solution at the 2~3cm of the cuttings in equal proportions, or use 1000mg/L ABT1 rooting powder aqueous solution, or use 1000mg Dip in the mixture of /L ABT No.1 rooting powder aqueous solution and 1000mg/L IBA phytohormone aqueous solution in equal proportions for 6 seconds to promote rooting;

(4) Insert the cuttings into the seedbed matrix, the row spacing between plants is 5×6cm, the insertion depth is 2-4cm, and the leaves face the same direction;

(5) After the cuttings, pour the substrate with water, set up an arch about 50 cm high on the seedbed, cover the arch with plastic film, and seal it around;

(6) After cutting, during the rooting period of the cuttings, keep the water content of the substrate at 60-70% of the saturated water content, keep the relative humidity of the air in the plastic shed at 80-85%, and strictly control the temperature in the plastic shed not to exceed 29°C. Intermittent water spray mode cooling outside the plastic shed. An arch frame is erected on the seedbed, and a double-layer sunshade net is elevated on the arch frame for shade, and the light transmittance is kept at 40-50%;

(7) During the period from cutting to rooting, spray chlorothalonil aqueous solution on the seedbed every 3 days after cutting, and then spray mancozeb aqueous solution once every 4 days. The two kinds of liquids are sprayed alternately to prevent cuttings from mildew; After the roots are rooted, keep the water content of the matrix at 35-40% of the saturated water content, and gradually uncover the film for ventilation.

The positive effects of the present invention are: the cuttage propagation technology has a wide range of applications, no matter the large-scale nursery or the small and medium-sized seedling production base can determine the cutting scale according to the respective seedling production requirements, and the operation is simple; the method requires short processing time to promote rooting of cuttings, It is suitable for batch production of seedlings; the cutting propagation method has fast rooting speed and good rooting effect. About 7-10 days after cutting, the cuttings start to take root, and about 30 days, all the cuttings take root, the rooting rate is over 95%, and the average number of roots is 12, of which the average number of I-level lateral roots > 5cm long is 7, the root system is developed, and the quality of seedlings is good .

Detailed ways

First, select a nursery with high terrain, good drainage, convenient water source, light conditions, deep soil layer, and good permeability to establish a seedbed. Surrounded by bricks or baffles, the trails are built with bricks. The bottom layer of the seedbed is first spread with 3-5cm thick raw horse manure, and then spread river sand with a thickness of about 15cm and passed through a 2mm sieve on the horse manure. The total thickness of the seedbed covering is about 18-20cm. Or the baffle is about 2cm. Cement piles or wooden piles are buried around the established seedbeds to set up shade sheds. Cement piles or wooden piles are 1.5-1.8m high above the ground, iron wires are drawn on the cement piles or wooden piles, and single-layer or double-layer sunshade nets are covered on top. Seedbed disinfection Raw horse manure uses the agent "killing three feet" to kill bacteria and insects in the soil. Mix 30kg of raw horse manure per 800g of the agent, and spray the seedbed with a mass concentration of 5% potassium permanganate solution for river sand disinfection. The dosage is 1.5-2.0 L/m ² , spray the seedbed with clean water 2 to 3 times 15 to 20 minutes after spraying, and wash off the potassium permanganate solution on the surface of the seedbed, with a water consumption of 3 to 5 L/m ² each time.

The suitable cutting time is from June to August of that year. Select the branches of the current year from the improved American red maple "Autumn Blaze" ( Acer × freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' ) mother tree that grows robustly, has no pests and diseases, and is well developed, and puts the cut branches of the current year in a cool room immediately , and spray water on the branches with a fine-eyed watering can to reduce water loss from the branches. Before cutting the ears, cut off the young top shoots and overly thick bases of the current year's branches without lignification. The thickness of the cuttings is 0.5-1.0cm. The length of each cutting is 8-10cm, with 2 axillary buds, and keep For 2 and a half leaves, the upper incision is cut flat at 1-1.5 cm above the axillary buds, and the lower incision is cut flat or obliquely to ensure that the incision is smooth and does not split. The cut cuttings are bundled with 30 to 50 cuttings, and the lower incisions of each bundle of cuttings are aligned, tied up with a rubber sleeve, and the cuttings are cut as they are cut. The cut bundles of cuttings are treated with a rooting accelerator, wherein the rooting agent is a 30-fold aqueous solution of "Genbao" and a 1000-fold aqueous solution of "Genmao" mixed in equal amounts; or 1000mg/L ABT1 rooting powder aqueous solution; or 1000mg/L Mix L ABT1 rooting powder aqueous solution with 1000mg/L IBA phytohormone aqueous solution in equal amounts, then dip the 2-3cm lower incision of the cuttings in the above-mentioned rooting promoter for 6 seconds, take them out, and put them in a cool place for 10-20 minutes before cutting.

Cuttings are carried out in the seedbed matrix, the cutting depth is 2-4cm, the spacing between the cuttings is 5×6cm, and the density is 330 plants/m ² . After the cutting of a seedbed is completed, use bamboo slices 1.8m long and 4cm wide to support the arch on the bed. Plastic film, sealed all around.

The management after cutting includes substrate moisture and environmental humidity management, light and temperature management, disease and insect pest management, and seedling hardening management. Management of substrate moisture and environmental humidity after cuttings: During the rooting period after cuttings, keep the moisture content of the substrate at 60-70% of the saturated moisture content, and keep the relative humidity of the air at 80-85%. The water content is 35-40% of the saturated water content, and the film is gradually uncovered for ventilation. Light and temperature management: After the field seedbed is cut, a double-layer sunshade net is elevated on the small shed. During the rooting period, the temperature in the plastic shed is strictly controlled not to exceed 29°C, and intermittent water spraying is used to cool down. After cutting and before rooting, double-layer shading is required, the light transmittance is about 40-50%, the cuttings start to take root about 7-10 days after cutting, and all cuttings take root about 30 days, the rooting rate is over 95%, and the average number of roots is 12 Among them, the average number of grade I lateral roots > 5cm long is 7, and the average root length is 12.5cm. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: During the rooting period of cuttings, due to high temperature and high humidity, the cuttings are prone to mold and rot. Therefore, spray chlorothalonil (50% wettable powder) 600-800 times aqueous solution with a sprayer every 3 days after cuttings, and spray chlorothalonil Spray mancozeb (80% wettable powder) 600-800 times aqueous solution at intervals of 4 days, and spray the two kinds of agents alternately, with a dosage of 0.5L/m ² , until all the cuttings take root, and pull out the diseased plants in time. Pay attention to uncovering the plastic film quickly every time you spray, cover the plastic film on the seedbed immediately after spraying, and seal around it. Nutrient management: No fertilizer is applied to the seedbed substrate when cutting, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed after the cuttings have roots and leaves. Seedling hardening after cuttings: After all the cuttings have taken root, remove a layer of sunshade net. At this time, the light transmittance is about 70%. Every day from 8:00 am to 18:00 am, the plastic film of the small arch shed is uncovered. After about 20 days, it is completely Remove the plastic film, remove the shed film 3 to 4 days later, remove the sunshade net, and spray water on the seedbed with a sprayer 3 to 4 times a day, with a water consumption of 2 to 3 L/m ² each time.

Cutting seedlings continue to grow in the original seedbed after hardening. When the temperature drops and most of the leaves of the seedlings fall off, one treatment method is: take the seedlings out of the seedbed and transplant them into plastic container cups. The size of the container cup is Φ12cm × H13cm, the substrate in the container is the top soil of the seedbed or sandy loam or peat: top soil = 1:1, plant 1 cutting seedling in each container, move the plastic container cup containing the cutting seedlings into an unheated plastic greenhouse, and keep it in the plastic greenhouse. The temperature is 3-5°C, and the ^seedlings in the plastic shed can be transplanted to the field in early and mid-April of the second spring. mu), and in the second year after transplanting, the seedlings were transplanted at intervals, with a seedling density of 9990 plants/hm ² (666 plants/mu). The second treatment method is: after seedling hardening, the cutting seedlings are kept in the original seedbed. When the leaves of the seedlings fall, the temperature drops below 0°C, and the lowest temperature at night reaches -5°C, the seedlings in the seedbed are covered with straw or straw. Cover the straw with a thatch, and press the thatch with heavy objects to prevent it from being lifted by the wind. Until the spring of the second year, after the soil is thawed, the cuttings are removed from the nursery and transplanted to the field with the same planting density as above.

After the improved American red maple is planted in the field, it is used to cultivate commercial seedlings and cutting female parents, which is a supporting technology related to the present invention.

1. Seedling planting

1) Soil preparation: Red maple is a shallow-rooted tree species with well-developed lateral roots, and the main root system is active at 20-30cm below the surface. The soil layer should be loose and rich in organic matter to promote the growth of lateral roots. Spread the organic fertilizer evenly on the surface before plowing, 75000kg/hm ² (5000kg/mu). Then plow, and the depth of the plowed land should be between 25 and 30 cm.

2) Planting density: 2 to 3 years after the seedlings are planted, the row spacing is 2.0×2.0m, and it is adjusted to 4.0×2.0m after the rows are shaded again.

3) Tree planting: Red maple planting should be shallow, with the root neck of the saplings at the same level as the ground surface or slightly lower than the ground surface by 4-5cm. After planting, step on it or tamp it with a wooden stick, then open a ditch and irrigate. After the surface is slightly dry, add water for a second time in time, and then seal the weir, which can play a role in heat preservation and moisture retention. After the seedlings show their leaves, they should be filled with water for the third time in time. In the future, the frequency of irrigation can be determined according to weather changes and soil humidity.

2. Field management

1) Supply of water and fertilizer

Drainage and irrigation: The irrigation period is divided into antifreeze water during the dormant period, green water after thawing before germination, and water during the growth period. That is, after the trees are dormant, before the soil is frozen, the antifreeze water should be irrigated with basal fertilizer, and the root neck should be cultivated to prevent cold after irrigation. Greening water is poured after the soil thaws before the tree sprouts. The frequency of irrigation during the growing period should be more, so that the soil humidity can be maintained at 60% to 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. During the rainy season, attention should be paid to draining the accumulated water in the ground. In the middle and late August, the irrigation should be stopped or the amount of irrigation should be determined according to the soil condition, so as to prevent Seedlings grow leggy and suffer from frost damage. At the same time, it is also necessary to prevent excessive drought. During the growing season, irrigation should be combined with topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. Keep the soil dry while the leaves change color.

Time and method of fertilization: The improvement of American red maple should be based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. After the soil is thawed in spring, fertilization is mainly based on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to supply the nutrients needed by the roots and terminal buds. In the growing season, nitrogen fertilizer is the main method, and it is advisable to apply less and more frequently. Apply 450-600kg/hm ² (30-45 kg/mu) urea throughout the growing season, and topdress in 4-5 times combined with irrigation or rainfall. The supply of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped by mid-to-late August. Apply compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer once before and after the autumnal equinox, mainly potassium fertilizer, which can speed up the lignification of seedlings and improve cold resistance. After the leaves of the trees fall and before the soil is frozen, apply organic fertilizer once as the base fertilizer, and the ring application is usually used, and the depth is preferably 30-40cm.

2) Trimming and shaping

Pruning period: The pruning period is mainly during the growth period. The best period is from the time when the trees germinate and display young leaves to mid-August. Pruning is strictly prohibited during the dormant period. Due to the weak healing ability of the improved American red maple, the cut is vulnerable to frost damage. In addition, the red maple is more serious, so don't prune it before it buds in winter and spring.

Key points of pruning: Pruning is carried out on the basis of retaining the natural tree shape. Protect the terminal buds, maintain the main shoots and main side branches, thin out the unevenly distributed branches, arrange miscellaneous branches, and pruning should be less.

3) Pest control: The main pests and diseases of the improved American maple include red spider mite, longhorn beetle, and leaf spot.

Red spider mite: Harm the improved American red maple leaves, forming green spots, which may easily cause leaf fall in severe cases. Use 1000-1500 times of cleaning mite to spray on the leaves.

Beetle: It is a dry borer pest. Catch adults and scrape eggs manually. Spray with 2000-3000 times of chrysanthemum, kung fu, etc., or inject methamidophos, dichlorvos and other pesticides into the branches at the insect entrance and seal the insect entrance with sticky mud.

Leaf spot: In the early stage, small water-soaked chlorotic spots are formed on the tip of the leaf and on the upper part of the leaf, and the leaves are scorched in the later stage. Can spray chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution. the

Claims (1)

1. an improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Establish a sterilized seedbed with raw horse manure as the heating material and river sand as the seedling substrate on the well-permeable nursery; (2) From June to August every year, cut the fringes from the semi-lignified branches of the current year from the improved American red maple "Autumn Flame" female plant with well-developed tree vigor, and the thickness of the branches is 0.5-1.0cm , cut into cuttings with a length of 8-10cm, with 2 buds and 2 and a half leaves; (3) The 2-3cm lower incision of the cuttings is placed in a mixture of rooting agent "Genbao" 30 times aqueous solution and "Genmao" 1000 times aqueous solution in equal proportions, or with 1000mg/L ABT1 rooting powder aqueous solution and 1000mg/L Dip in the mixture of equal proportions of IBA phytohormone aqueous solution for 6 seconds, then place the cuttings in a cool place for 10-20 minutes before cutting to promote rooting; (4) Insert the cuttings into the seedbed matrix, the cutting depth is 2-4cm, the spacing between the cuttings is 5×6cm, the density is 330 plants/m ² , and the cutting leaves face the same direction when cutting; (5) After the cuttings, pour the substrate with water, set up an arch about 50 cm high on the seedbed, cover the arch with plastic film, and seal it around; (6) After cutting, during the rooting period of the cuttings, keep the water content of the substrate at 60-70% of the saturated water content, keep the relative air humidity in the plastic shed at 80-85%, and strictly control the temperature in the plastic shed not to exceed 29°C. Intermittent water spraying method to cool down outside the plastic arch shed; bury cement piles or wooden piles around the seedbed, the cement piles or wooden piles are exposed to the ground at a height of 1.5-1.8m, pull iron wires on the cement piles or wooden piles, and cover with double-layer sunshade nets for shade Keep the transmittance at 40-50%; (7) In order to prevent the cuttings from mildew and rot, during the period from cutting to rooting, spray chlorothalonil aqueous solution on the seedbed every 3 days after cutting, and then spray mancozeb aqueous solution once every 4 days, and spray the two kinds of liquids alternately; (8) After most spikes have rooted, keep the water content of the matrix at 35-40% of the saturated water content, and gradually uncover the film for ventilation. 2. The improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the current year’s branches are selected from the improved American red maple mother tree, and the thickness of the cut cuttings is preferably 0.5 to 1.0 cm, and the upper incision Cut horizontally at 1-1.5cm above the axillary buds, and cut flat or obliquely at the lower incision. The incision is smooth and does not split. 3. The improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs according to claim 1, characterized in that the cuttings are vertically inserted into the seedbed matrix, and the cutting density is 330 plants/m ² . 4. The improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs according to claim 1, characterized in that after the cuttings, the chlorothalonil aqueous solution is sprayed at 600 to 800 times the chlorothalonil aqueous solution, and the mancozeb aqueous solution is sprayed at 600 to 800 times Mancozeb aqueous solution, the dosage is 0.5L/m ² , until all the cuttings are rooted, and the diseased plants are pulled out in time. 5. The improved cutting propagation method of American red maple twigs as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after the cuttings grow roots and leaves, the foliage fertilizer is sprayed, and the shade net is gradually removed after 3 to 4 days after the shed film is removed. 6. The improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bottom layer of the seedbed is paved with 3-5cm thick raw horse manure, and then a 2mm sieved river with a thickness of 15cm is spread on the horse manure. sand. 7. The improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the sterilized raw horse manure in the seedbed adopts the medicament "killing three feet" to kill the bacteria and insects in the soil, and every 800g of the medicament is mixed with 30kg of raw horse manure For river sand, spray the seedbed with 5% potassium permanganate solution at a dosage of 1.5-2.0L/m ² . After spraying for 15-20 minutes, spray the seedbed with water to wash away the potassium permanganate solution on the surface of the seedbed.