CN113973683A - Method for cultivating camellia chrysanthemums in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for cultivating camellia chrysanthemums in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973683A CN113973683A CN202111248319.2A CN202111248319A CN113973683A CN 113973683 A CN113973683 A CN 113973683A CN 202111248319 A CN202111248319 A CN 202111248319A CN 113973683 A CN113973683 A CN 113973683A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating camellia chrysanthemums in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of chrysanthemum cultivation. The technical scheme is as follows: 1) selecting a cultivation environment: the organic matter content of the soil is required to be more than 1 percent, the total salt content of 0-40cm soil layer is required to be less than 0.4 percent, the underground water level is buried to be less than 150cm, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam; 2) preserving and growing seedlings of the stock plant; 3) cutting and raising seedlings; 4) preparing before field planting; 5) planting; 6) field management: the soil humidity is maintained at 70%, the fertilizer and the water are integrated, and the thin fertilizer is applied frequently; watering for 1-2 times in drought application and drip irrigation, and draining water in time after heavy rain; top dressing for 4 times in the growing period except applying enough base fertilizer; weeding in due time according to actual conditions, and doing pest control work; 7) and (6) harvesting. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the light, heat and soil resources of saline-alkali soil in northern areas are fully utilized, so that the tea chrysanthemum can be popularized and planted in a large area, and the method has important significance for the development of the third local industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating camellia chrysanthemums in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of chrysanthemum cultivation.
Background
The chrysanthemum can be divided into ornamental chrysanthemum, medicinal chrysanthemum, tea chrysanthemum, edible chrysanthemum and the like according to the application. The chrysanthemum tea has the effects of relieving summer heat, promoting the production of body fluid, dispelling wind, moistening throat, nourishing eyes, relieving alcoholism and the like, and is most suitable for people with dizziness, swelling and pain of eyes, throat pain, hyperactivity of liver fire and high blood pressure. The chrysanthemum for tea is mainly produced in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, and Hangzhou white chrysanthemum and Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum are common varieties in the market.
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils. According to statistics, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is about 9.5 hundred million hectares, wherein China is about 1 hundred million hectares. According to the difference of soluble salt content of 0-100cm soil layer, 0.1% -0.2% of field is mild saline-alkali soil, 0.2% -0.4% of field is moderate saline-alkali soil, 0.4% -0.6% of field is severe saline-alkali soil, and more than 0.6% of field is coastal saline soil. Partial characteristics in the climatic conditions of saline-alkali soil in the northern part of regions are more suitable for the growth of tea chrysanthemum compared with the southern part of regions, such as regions with low temperature, long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight and the like, but the prior art does not have a method for planting tea chrysanthemum in the saline-alkali soil, and the research on a method for planting tea chrysanthemum in the saline-alkali soil is urgently needed, so that light, heat and soil resources of the saline-alkali soil in the northern part of regions are fully utilized, and the method has important significance for the local economic development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating tea chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil, which can be used for large-area popularization and planting of the tea chrysanthemum in the saline-alkali soil in northern areas and solves the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating tea chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a cultivation environment:
the organic matter content of the soil is required to be more than 1 percent, the total salt content of 0-40cm soil layer is required to be less than 0.4 percent, the underground water level is buried to be less than 150cm, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam;
2) mother plant preservation and seedling culture:
selecting a tea chrysanthemum variety with strong salt tolerance, high quality and high yield, selecting a sunlight greenhouse or a net room to cultivate a mother plant, and fertilizing in combination with land preparation; before soil is frozen, transplanting the underground part of the stock plant into a sunlight greenhouse for conventional fertilizer and water management; immediately applying urea or ternary compound fertilizer after picking the spikes each time to promote the rapid and vigorous growth of new shoots;
3) cutting and seedling raising:
selecting an arched shed or a sunlight greenhouse for cuttage, mixing vermiculite and turf in equal volume ratio to serve as a cuttage matrix, and disinfecting the matrix before cuttage; the cutting seedling raising adopts non-woven bag seedling raising or flat bed cutting, the foot buds or lateral branches of the stock plants are taken as cutting slips every 4 months, the length of the cutting slips is 10-12cm, only the lower half parts and the top tips of 2 unfolded leaves at the upper part are reserved, and quantity marks are made; before cutting, the cutting of the cutting shoot is quickly dipped by using a rooting powder solution, the oblique opening of the cutting shoot is inserted into a matrix, the depth of the oblique opening is 2/3 of the cutting shoot, water is sprayed in time after cutting, and shading seedling is carried out; outplanting after 30-50 days;
4) preparation before planting:
deeply ploughing and ridging by combining soil preparation and fertilization; the space between the big chrysanthemum ridges is 60-80cm, the space between the small chrysanthemum ridges is 40-60cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the ridge width is 80-100cm, the ridge length is generally not more than 50m, and the ridge surface is flat; paving two drip irrigation pipes with the diameter of 16mm on the ridge, wherein the pipe interval is 30cm, and the dripper interval is 15-20 cm; selecting a black mulching film to fully cover the ridge surface, and compacting and fixing the edge;
5) planting:
planting in the last ten days of 5 months to 6 months; transplanting with seedling bags or matrixes, and planting seedlings by breaking membranes; planting in double rows with 15-20cm depth; compacting after field planting, irrigating thoroughly with field planting water, and then not watering until dry;
6) field management:
the soil humidity is maintained at 70%, the fertilizer and the water are integrated, and the thin fertilizer is applied frequently; watering for 1-2 times in drought application and drip irrigation, and draining water in time after heavy rain; top dressing for 4 times in the growing period except applying enough base fertilizer; weeding in due time according to actual conditions, and doing pest control work;
7) harvesting:
timely harvesting 10 days before blooming, manually harvesting at one time when 60% -70% of central florets of the chrysanthemum flower head-shaped inflorescence are scattered and the embryo chrysanthemum is initially opened by petals on the outer layer of a flower bud, and timely processing after harvesting.
Preferably, in the step of 1) selecting the cultivation environment, the method further comprises: tea chrysanthemum is not recommended for continuous cropping.
Preferably, in the step 2), the step of storing and raising the seedlings of the stock plant further comprises: 3000-4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land during soil preparation, and 6-10kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu of land after spike picking.
Preferably, in the step of raising seedlings by cutting in step 3), the method further comprises: the matrix disinfection adopts 500 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 600 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate-methyl wettable powder for spray disinfection, the water content of the matrix is not more than 30 percent, and the matrix is sealed for 2 to 4 days for standby after disinfection.
Preferably, in the step of raising seedlings by cutting in step 3), the method further comprises: selecting a seedling raising bag with the length multiplied by the width of 5-6cm multiplied by 2 cm; the concentration of the rooting powder ABT solution is 50 mg/L.
Preferably, in the step 5), the step of planting further comprises: the line spacing of the chrysanthemum is 1m, the plant spacing is 30-40cm, the line spacing of the chrysanthemum is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, in the step of selecting a cultivation environment in step 1), the variety of tea chrysanthemum includes chamomile having dawn royal chrysanthemum and florists chrysanthemum; the flos Chrysanthemi includes YUTAI No. 1, RUHE and GONGBAIJU.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the light, heat and soil resources of saline-alkali soil in northern areas are fully utilized, so that the tea chrysanthemum can be popularized and planted in a large area, and the method has important significance for the development of the third local industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example of planting tea-chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural illustration of a ridge for planting tea chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the variety of the planted tea chrysanthemum is 'florists chrysanthemum', and the planting places are as follows: the experimental base of the coastal agriculture research institute of academy of agriculture and forestry, Hebei province is located in the second farm of Tangshan city Cao Fei Dian region of coastal province of Hebei province.
A method for cultivating tea chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selection of cultivation environment
The organic matter content of the soil is required to be more than 1 percent, the total salt content of 0-40cm soil layer is required to be less than 0.4 percent, and the underground water level burial depth is required to be less than 150 cm; the soil texture is loam or sandy loam;
2) stock plant preservation and seedling raising
Selecting a tea chrysanthemum variety, namely, a white chrysanthemum 'tribute white chrysanthemum', with strong salt tolerance, high quality and high yield, selecting a sunlight greenhouse or a net room to cultivate a mother plant, and fertilizing in combination with land preparation; 3000-4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu;
before soil is frozen, transplanting the underground part of the stock plant into a sunlight greenhouse for conventional fertilizer and water management; immediately applying urea or ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) after picking ears each time, and applying 6-10kg of fertilizer per mu of land to promote rapid and vigorous growth of new shoots;
3) cutting seedling raising
Selecting a sunlight greenhouse for cuttage, mixing vermiculite and turf in equal volume ratio to serve as a cuttage matrix, and disinfecting the matrix before cuttage; the matrix is disinfected by spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, the water content of the matrix is not more than 30%, and the matrix is sealed for 2-4 days for later use after disinfection;
the cutting seedling raising adopts non-woven cloth bag seedling raising, and the specification of the seedling bag is that the length is multiplied by the width is 5-6cm multiplied by 2 cm. Taking the foot buds or lateral branches of the stock plants as cutting slips every 4 months, keeping the length of the cutting slips at 10-12cm, only keeping the lower half parts and the top tips of the upper 2 unfolded leaves, and marking the quantity; before cutting, the cut of the cutting shoot is quickly dipped by 50mg/L of rooting powder solution, the oblique opening of the cutting shoot is inserted into the matrix, the depth of the oblique opening is 2/3 of the cutting shoot, water is sprayed in time after cutting, and the cutting shoot is shaded and raised; outplanting after 30-50 days;
4) preparation before planting
Deeply ploughing and ridging by combining soil preparation and fertilization; the ridge spacing is 40-60cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the ridge width is 80-100cm, the ridge length is generally not more than 50m, and the ridge surface is flat; paving two drip irrigation pipes with the diameter of 16mm on the ridge, wherein the pipe interval is 30cm, and the dripper interval is 15-20 cm; selecting a black mulching film to fully cover the ridge surface, and compacting and fixing the edge;
5) planting
The field planting is suitable for the coastal areas of Hebei from the last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 months; transplanting with seedling bags or matrixes, and planting seedlings by breaking membranes; planting in two rows with row spacing of 80cm, plant spacing of 25-30cm and planting depth of 15-20 cm; compacting after field planting, and irrigating thoroughly with field planting water; then, no dryness and no watering are seen;
6) management of field
The soil humidity is maintained at 70%, the fertilizer and the water are integrated, and the thin fertilizer is applied frequently; watering for 1-2 times in drought application and drip irrigation, and draining water in time after heavy rain; top dressing for 4 times in the growing period except applying enough base fertilizer; applying 8-10kg of urea per mu after half a month of transplantation in the 1 st time; applying 50kg of decomposed agricultural compost per mu when the plants begin to branch at the 2 nd time; applying 10kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate per mu before bud pregnancy at the 3 rd time; spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface of the pregnant bud stage at the 4 th time;
weeding in due time according to actual conditions, and doing pest control work;
7) harvesting
Timely harvesting 10 days before blooming, manually harvesting at one time when 60% -70% of central florets of the chrysanthemum flower head-shaped inflorescence are scattered (when the chrysanthemum bud begins to bloom with petals on the outer layer of a flower bud), and timely processing after harvesting.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating tea chrysanthemum in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a cultivation environment:
the organic matter content of the soil is required to be more than 1 percent, the total salt content of 0-40cm soil layer is required to be less than 0.4 percent, the underground water level is buried to be less than 150cm, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam;
2) mother plant preservation and seedling culture:
selecting a tea chrysanthemum variety with strong salt tolerance, high quality and high yield, selecting a sunlight greenhouse or a net room to cultivate a mother plant, and fertilizing in combination with land preparation; before soil is frozen, transplanting the underground part of the stock plant into a sunlight greenhouse for conventional fertilizer and water management; immediately applying urea or ternary compound fertilizer after picking the spikes each time to promote the rapid and vigorous growth of new shoots;
3) cutting and seedling raising:
selecting an arched shed or a sunlight greenhouse for cuttage, mixing vermiculite and turf in equal volume ratio to serve as a cuttage matrix, and disinfecting the matrix before cuttage; the cutting seedling raising adopts non-woven bag seedling raising or flat bed cutting, the foot buds or lateral branches of the stock plants are taken as cutting slips every 4 months, the length of the cutting slips is 10-12cm, only the lower half parts and the top tips of 2 unfolded leaves at the upper part are reserved, and quantity marks are made; before cutting, the cutting of the cutting shoot is quickly dipped by using a rooting powder solution, the oblique opening of the cutting shoot is inserted into a matrix, the depth of the oblique opening is 2/3 of the cutting shoot, water is sprayed in time after cutting, and shading seedling is carried out; outplanting after 30-50 days;
4) preparation before planting:
deeply ploughing and ridging by combining soil preparation and fertilization; the space between the big chrysanthemum ridges is 60-80cm, the space between the small chrysanthemum ridges is 40-60cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the ridge width is 80-100cm, the ridge length is generally not more than 50m, and the ridge surface is flat; paving two drip irrigation pipes with the diameter of 16mm on the ridge, wherein the pipe interval is 30cm, and the dripper interval is 15-20 cm; selecting a black mulching film to fully cover the ridge surface, and compacting and fixing the edge;
5) planting:
planting in the last ten days of 5 months to 6 months; transplanting with seedling bags or matrixes, and planting seedlings by breaking membranes; planting in double rows with 15-20cm depth; compacting after field planting, irrigating thoroughly with field planting water, and then not watering until dry;
6) field management:
the soil humidity is maintained at 70%, the fertilizer and the water are integrated, and the thin fertilizer is applied frequently; watering for 1-2 times in drought application and drip irrigation, and draining water in time after heavy rain; top dressing for 4 times in the growing period except applying enough base fertilizer; weeding in due time according to actual conditions, and doing pest control work;
7) harvesting:
timely harvesting 10 days before blooming, manually harvesting at one time when 60% -70% of central florets of the chrysanthemum flower head-shaped inflorescence are scattered and the embryo chrysanthemum is initially opened by petals on the outer layer of a flower bud, and timely processing after harvesting.
2. The method for cultivating the camellia chrysanthemums in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the mother plant preservation and seedling culture step further comprises: 3000-4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land during soil preparation, and 6-10kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu of land after spike picking.
3. The method for cultivating camellia chrysanthemums in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: in the step of 3), further comprising: the matrix disinfection adopts 500 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 600 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate-methyl wettable powder for spray disinfection, the water content of the matrix is not more than 30 percent, and the matrix is sealed for 2 to 4 days for standby after disinfection.
4. The method for cultivating the camellia chrysanthemums in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step of 3), further comprising: selecting a seedling raising bag with the length multiplied by the width of 5-6cm multiplied by 2 cm; the concentration of the rooting powder ABT solution is 50 mg/L.
5. The method for cultivating the camellia chrysanthemums in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step 5), the planting step further comprises: the line spacing of the chrysanthemum is 1m, the plant spacing is 30-40cm, the line spacing of the chrysanthemum is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114431012A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Cuttage afforestation method |
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| CN114431012A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Cuttage afforestation method |
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