CN109042050A - A kind of grape planting process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of grape planting process, include the following steps: a, preparation；B, it applies fertilizer；C, determine the tip: erasing as early as possible overstocked, hypogenetic branch is grown, stay strong branch, after pinching, in addition to sublateral shoot stays 3-4 piece leaf repeated topping except top, remaining sublateral shoot stays 1 leaf pinching；D, flower thinning, fruit thinning；E, the antifreeze processing of grape；F, anti-bird pest；G, controlling disease.Beneficial effect is: the accurate control of complete planting process, it ensure that in each plantation stage to grape bud, leaf, flower, the accurate supplying nutrition of fruit, the effectively guidance nutriment direction of the supply, accurate control method is provided to improve yield and grape quality, and not yet in effect pest and disease damage and natural calamity is overcome to provide detailed, operable technological means.

Description

A kind of grape planting process

Technical field

The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, more particularly to a kind of grape planting process.

Background technique

Grape is one of fastest fruit tree, has the advantages such as high yield, stable yields, under the conditions of normal management, general nothing Biennial bearing phenomenon, yield are quite stable.The planting benefit of grape is more considerable.(the nursery in -160 days or so of 150 days grape breeding times Need 30-40 days or so), the service life of grape and the Economical cultivation time limit are generally up to 30 to 50 years, and grape fruit color is bright-coloured, juice multi-flavor Beauty；It is full of nutrition: its sugar content 10~30%, organic acid 0.5~1.4%, protein 0.15~0.9%, inorganic salts 0.3~ 0.5%, and the amino acid of the vitamin and needed by human body there are many containing；Wine brewing: grape except can raisins and grape juice processed with Outside, it can also make wine；Beautification, shade: can both beautify roof in household's attic platform plantation grape, can also shade, existing grape Implantation methods, which are often not achieved, makes grape guarantee the quality the purpose of volume increase as industrial crops, is also not achieved and hides as environmentally friendly green material application The effect of negative beautifying constructure.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is that providing a kind of grape planting process to solve the above-mentioned problems.

The present invention through the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:

A kind of grape planting process, includes the following steps:

A, preparation, 1, selection breeding: there are many grape variety, and such as huge peak, rattan are harvested, golden finger etc., their maturity periods are early, It is adaptable, fine quality can be selected according to local weather, the purposes of fruit, 2, soil layer selection: select soil layer deep, soil property is dredged Sandy loam (its good permeability, ground temperature go up fast) soil property of pine preferably, 3, site preparation: autumn and winter in first year site preparation, before site preparation per acre Pour and apply 1500 kilograms or so of decomposed fertilizer, then plough deeply 30 centimetres or so of soil, soil is struck carefully, be made into wide 80 centimetres, it is 50 centimetres high Seedbed；

B, it applies fertilizer: 1, applying high-quality 50 kilograms-double centner of farmyard manure, 0.3 kilogram of urea, 0.8 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, apply Base manure soil blending, then earthing, grape fertilizer requirement is big, in winter basal dressing before fallen leaves or rudiment；Top dressing exists for the first time It is applied before blooming；2, it chases after vernalization fertilizer: when bud eye starts to expand, temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C, dressing fertilizer: plant size is pressed, in root Deep 30 centimetres -40 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of shallow ridges are nearby opened in end, by the mixed soil embedment ditch of fertilizer, to water after applying, earthing, 3, children Fruit early growth period suitably applies calcium superphosphate and plant ash based on nitrogenous fertilizer；4, it when fruit starts coloring, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, closes After reason watering basal dressing, 1 water is poured, fertilizer is made to penetrate into lower layer, is absorbed with the root system of sharp grape；5, rich water is controlled: generally in flower Before spend after in 1 week, should not water, after fruit is occupied stably, flood, Shi great Fei, to promote fruit growth, rainy season, meeting can be poured It causes fertility to be lost, should drink according to plot fertility wastage and grape growing way and add fertilizer amount, in a manner of " having many meals but little food at eath ", Shaoshi, duty It applies；6, it loosens the soil in time, increases soil permeability: after heavy rain, heavy rain, can make in vineyard that earth's surface is hardened, cause grape root system Anoxic, resistance reduce, be easy it is susceptible, intertillage is primary deeper before rainy season, rainy season will firmly grasp the intertillage of rainy day gap, to increase Soil permeability；7, clear up sublateral shoot, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light: in rainy season, the most easy excessive growth of grape, sublateral shoot incidence is very high, and When pinching, erase sublateral shoot, the plant excessive to young sprout will remove a part, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；

C, determine the tip: erasing as early as possible overstocked, hypogenetic branch is grown, stay strong branch, after pinching, remove top sublateral shoot It stays outside 3-4 piece leaf repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot stays 1 leaf pinching；

D, flower thinning, fruit thinning: by pinching, a large amount of nutrients needed for can saving young sprout growth promote blade thickness, bud full Full, this is most important to the fruit-setting rate, the yield and quality that improve grape；Except tendril: tendril not only consumes nutrition, and can bring Many diseases: one year seedling answers timely bondage after removing tendril, grows erect plants, with the thick bamboo pole of thumb away from seedling root 15 centimeters of portion are inserted into 15 centimetres of underground depth, and young sprout is tied up above, and when bondage will make young sprout be evenly distributed, and tied rope is on young sprout Loose slip-knot is drawn into, to be allowed some leeway to young sprout thickening, the other end is strapped in wire drawing, is conducive to ventilation, light transmission in this way, and prevent Only fruit branch is blown by strong wind；It dredges fringe: after inflorescence shows, according to the load capacity of vine shoot, dredging fringe as early as possible, extend climing reservation 1~2 Fringe, fruitful branch retain single fringe without exception, and weak branch does not stay fruit ear, and fruit ear will remove in time to grow secondary again and three times；

E, the antifreeze processing of grape, 1, in due course encapsulating jelly water, grape buries before anti-dry frozen ground 10 days in winter, should fill primary freeze-up Water, the purpose is to prevent root system freeze injury and early spring arid, 2, pay attention to taking soil point and returning envelope taking Tu Gou, taking Tu Gou after freeze-up It fills water and is frozen into ice, not only reduce thickness of frozen earth layer in this way, but also be conducive to the root system overwintering and next spring to take precautions against drought, not the ground of irrigation conditions Side, it is also possible to which random grass and other items will take Tu Gou to cover, and to prevent causing grape freeze injury, find crack occur on anti-dry frozen ground after entering the winter When, crack should be covered tightly with soil in time, when especially cold into month in next year 1-2, especially weather, can on anti-dry frozen ground heap The cold-proof object of a little faggots or horsehit etc., to ensure that grape is not endured cold；

F, anti-bird pest: it is good to do newspaper set bagged grape effect, not only reduces and burns day, prevent germ from infecting, prevent bird pest, and makes Bag is convenient, 1, bag making: 4 paper bags can be made by often magnifying newspaper, and value is divided less than 1, and bag is 27 centimetres long, 20 centimetres wide, take 6-8 lis Rice thin wire is spare, and bag side is box-uped with sewing machine, and lower mouth pegs middle part with stapler, and 6 centimetres of air hole is respectively stayed in two sides, if For the orchard of summer high temperature high humidity, lower mouth can not be sealed, to enhance hydrofuge performance, 2, bagging: is covered in fruit soybean grain size Bag needs whole fringe before bagging, dredges grain, spraying fungicide, insecticide and quick-acting calcium, and 3, pluck bag: plucking bag time should be according to kind and listing Time determines, after plucking bag, priming leaf is answered to turn fruit；

G, before grape bud eye is sprouted, 50 times -100 times of barium polysulphides or spray -5 Baume degrees of 3 Baume degrees can controlling disease: be sprayed Lime sulfur (be added 0.3% washing powder effect more preferable), to control the First aggression pathogeny from overwintered in soil, 1, rely mainly on prevention, Spray in time: the drug for being 17-21 days to the residual period shortens next time as one sees fit and sprays every 1 medicine of spray in 15 days if intermediate rainfall Number of days is resprayed one time if meeting heavy rain after spray after becoming a fine day, if adjacent two kinds of medicines respectively alkalinity or acid, stringent to slap Interval time is held, prevents two kinds of medicine acid, alkali neutralizations, 2, see that disease is initial, treat in time: a run of wet weather, high temperature and humidity are most susceptible Disease, daily must observation, see the initial i.e. spray to the ill of disease, fought 600 times of liquid, 80% aliette, 300 times of liquid or l:0.7 with 70% section: 180 times of Bordeaux mixture, can prevent and treat downy mildew；3, based on Bordeaux mixture, adaptation this method protection effect of other drugs is very good, Yu Hua 1 1:0.5:240 times of liquid of preceding spray, sprays 1 1:0.7:220 times of liquid after spending, when grape expanding stage sprays 1 1:0.7:200 times of liquid, Portugal 1 1:1:180 times of liquid is sprayed after grape harvesting, autumn sprays 1~2 1:1:160 times of liquid, if intermediate occur white rot, anthracnose, suits the medicine to the illness Spray, these medicines are mostly acidity, should contain that pathogeny is propagated: as sent out with Bordeaux mixture strict control interval time, 4, in due course clear garden Given birth to disease, because of high temperature and humidity, disease is most easily propagated, clear garden at any time, sick leaf susceptible in garden, sick branch, disease fruit are cleared out of Garden, buried or burn, weeds often clean scissors when wiping out disease branch, disease fruit in timely removing garden, and give disinfection, to prevent friendship Fork infection；

In the present embodiment, fertilization time is that south can be in the case where mid or late March, northern area can be in 4 months in the step b Ten days adds base manure.

In the present embodiment, pinching should grow 4-8 piece leaf when progress, pinching time, to knot more than inflorescence in the step c Fruit young sprout, the pinching in 3-5 days generally before full blossom are carried out in flowering stage the latest, such as huge to the more serious kind of fruit drop Peak, the kinds such as purple rugose rose (Rosa rugosa var typica), can the pinching in 8-10 days before spending, after all first time pinching, required amount of young sprout is not achieved in blade, to Grow sublateral shoot.

In the present embodiment, in the step d when the young sprout of biennial seedling and perennial seedling is 60 centimetres or so long, to young sprout Arch bondage is carried out, i.e., young sprout is evened up, so that fruit ear is in the highest point of young sprout, and young sprout is tied up with a certain distance in order Onto frame face.

In the present embodiment, anti-dry frozen ground has in the ranks taking other than vine trunk two sides in the step e, must not be from Root is too close, to avoid injuring the root with freeze root.

In the present embodiment, bagging time should be after dew be dry in the morning to before the dusk, when paying attention to noon bagging in the step f The place for avoiding temperature highest period and direct sunlight as far as possible, plucking bag time is to mid-early maturity and to be easy the kind painted, preferably exist Bag is plucked within 7-10 days before adopting；To late variety, bag is plucked within 10-15 days preferably before adopting.

In the present embodiment, serious orchard is occurred to diseases such as last year decayed fruit diseases in the step g, it be before disease generation It limes on ground；Or 50% carbendazim -600 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid are sprayed under frame.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the accurate control of complete planting process ensure that in each plantation stage to Portugal The accurate supplying nutrition of grape bud, leaf, flower, fruit effectively guides the nutriment direction of the supply, provides accurately to improve yield and grape quality Control method, and not yet in effect pest and disease damage and natural calamity is overcome to provide detailed, operable technological means.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment one:

A kind of grape planting process, includes the following steps:

A, preparation, 1, selection breeding: there are many grape variety, and such as huge peak, rattan are harvested, golden finger etc., their maturity periods are early, It is adaptable, fine quality can be selected according to local weather, the purposes of fruit, 2, soil layer selection: select soil layer deep, soil property is dredged Sandy loam (its good permeability, ground temperature go up fast) soil property of pine preferably, 3, site preparation: autumn and winter in first year site preparation, before site preparation per acre Pour and apply 1500 kilograms or so of decomposed fertilizer, then plough deeply 30 centimetres or so of soil, soil is struck carefully, be made into wide 80 centimetres, it is 50 centimetres high Seedbed；

B, it applies fertilizer: 1, applying high-quality 50 kilograms-double centner of farmyard manure, 0.3 kilogram of urea, 0.8 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, apply Base manure soil blending, then earthing, grape fertilizer requirement is big, in winter basal dressing before fallen leaves or rudiment；Top dressing exists for the first time It is applied before blooming；2, it chases after vernalization fertilizer: when bud eye starts to expand, temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C, dressing fertilizer: plant size is pressed, in root Deep 30 centimetres -40 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of shallow ridges are nearby opened in end, by the mixed soil embedment ditch of fertilizer, to water after applying, earthing, 3, children Fruit early growth period suitably applies calcium superphosphate and plant ash based on nitrogenous fertilizer；4, it when fruit starts coloring, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, closes After reason watering basal dressing, 1 water is poured, fertilizer is made to penetrate into lower layer, is absorbed with the root system of sharp grape；5, rich water is controlled: generally in flower Before spend after in 1 week, should not water, after fruit is occupied stably, flood, Shi great Fei, to promote fruit growth, rainy season, meeting can be poured It causes fertility to be lost, should drink according to plot fertility wastage and grape growing way and add fertilizer amount, in a manner of " having many meals but little food at eath ", Shaoshi, duty It applies；6, it loosens the soil in time, increases soil permeability: after heavy rain, heavy rain, can make in vineyard that earth's surface is hardened, cause grape root system Anoxic, resistance reduce, be easy it is susceptible, intertillage is primary deeper before rainy season, rainy season will firmly grasp the intertillage of rainy day gap, to increase Soil permeability；7, clear up sublateral shoot, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light: in rainy season, the most easy excessive growth of grape, sublateral shoot incidence is very high, and When pinching, erase sublateral shoot, the plant excessive to young sprout will remove a part, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；

C, determine the tip: erasing as early as possible overstocked, hypogenetic branch is grown, stay strong branch, after pinching, remove top sublateral shoot It stays outside 3-4 piece leaf repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot stays 1 leaf pinching；

D, flower thinning, fruit thinning: by pinching, a large amount of nutrients needed for can saving young sprout growth promote blade thickness, bud full Full, this is most important to the fruit-setting rate, the yield and quality that improve grape；Except tendril: tendril not only consumes nutrition, and can bring Many diseases: one year seedling answers timely bondage after removing tendril, grows erect plants, with the thick bamboo pole of thumb away from seedling root 15 centimeters of portion are inserted into 15 centimetres of underground depth, and young sprout is tied up above, and when bondage will make young sprout be evenly distributed, and tied rope is on young sprout Loose slip-knot is drawn into, to be allowed some leeway to young sprout thickening, the other end is strapped in wire drawing, is conducive to ventilation, light transmission in this way, and prevent Only fruit branch is blown by strong wind；It dredges fringe: after inflorescence shows, according to the load capacity of vine shoot, dredging fringe as early as possible, extend climing reservation 1~2 Fringe, fruitful branch retain single fringe without exception, and weak branch does not stay fruit ear, and fruit ear will remove in time to grow secondary again and three times；

E, the antifreeze processing of grape, 1, in due course encapsulating jelly water, grape buries before anti-dry frozen ground 10 days in winter, should fill primary freeze-up Water, the purpose is to prevent root system freeze injury and early spring arid, 2, pay attention to taking soil point and returning envelope taking Tu Gou, taking Tu Gou after freeze-up It fills water and is frozen into ice, not only reduce thickness of frozen earth layer in this way, but also be conducive to the root system overwintering and next spring to take precautions against drought, not the ground of irrigation conditions Side, it is also possible to which random grass and other items will take Tu Gou to cover, and to prevent causing grape freeze injury, find crack occur on anti-dry frozen ground after entering the winter When, crack should be covered tightly with soil in time, when especially cold into month in next year 1-2, especially weather, can on anti-dry frozen ground heap The cold-proof object of a little faggots or horsehit etc., to ensure that grape is not endured cold；

F, anti-bird pest: it is good to do newspaper set bagged grape effect, not only reduces and burns day, prevent germ from infecting, prevent bird pest, and makes Bag is convenient, 1, bag making: 4 paper bags can be made by often magnifying newspaper, and value is divided less than 1, and bag is 27 centimetres long, 20 centimetres wide, take 6-8 lis Rice thin wire is spare, and bag side is box-uped with sewing machine, and lower mouth pegs middle part with stapler, and 6 centimetres of air hole is respectively stayed in two sides, if For the orchard of summer high temperature high humidity, lower mouth can not be sealed, to enhance hydrofuge performance, 2, bagging: is covered in fruit soybean grain size Bag needs whole fringe before bagging, dredges grain, spraying fungicide, insecticide and quick-acting calcium, and 3, pluck bag: plucking bag time should be according to kind and listing Time determines, after plucking bag, priming leaf is answered to turn fruit；

G, before grape bud eye is sprouted, 50 times -100 times of barium polysulphides or spray -5 Baume degrees of 3 Baume degrees can controlling disease: be sprayed Lime sulfur (be added 0.3% washing powder effect more preferable), to control the First aggression pathogeny from overwintered in soil, 1, rely mainly on prevention, Spray in time: the drug for being 17-21 days to the residual period shortens next time as one sees fit and sprays every 1 medicine of spray in 15 days if intermediate rainfall Number of days is resprayed one time if meeting heavy rain after spray after becoming a fine day, if adjacent two kinds of medicines respectively alkalinity or acid, stringent to slap Interval time is held, prevents two kinds of medicine acid, alkali neutralizations, 2, see that disease is initial, treat in time: a run of wet weather, high temperature and humidity are most susceptible Disease, daily must observation, see the initial i.e. spray to the ill of disease, fought 600 times of liquid, 80% aliette, 300 times of liquid or l:0.7 with 70% section: 180 times of Bordeaux mixture, can prevent and treat downy mildew；3, based on Bordeaux mixture, adaptation this method protection effect of other drugs is very good, Yu Hua 1 1:0.5:240 times of liquid of preceding spray, sprays 1 1:0.7:220 times of liquid after spending, when grape expanding stage sprays 1 1:0.7:200 times of liquid, Portugal 1 1:1:180 times of liquid is sprayed after grape harvesting, autumn sprays 1~2 1:1:160 times of liquid, if intermediate occur white rot, anthracnose, suits the medicine to the illness Spray, these medicines are mostly acidity, should contain that pathogeny is propagated: as sent out with Bordeaux mixture strict control interval time, 4, in due course clear garden Given birth to disease, because of high temperature and humidity, disease is most easily propagated, clear garden at any time, sick leaf susceptible in garden, sick branch, disease fruit are cleared out of Garden, buried or burn, weeds often clean scissors when wiping out disease branch, disease fruit in timely removing garden, and give disinfection, to prevent friendship Fork infection；

In the present embodiment, fertilization time is that south can be in the case where mid or late March, northern area can be in 4 months in the step b Ten days adds base manure.

In the present embodiment, pinching should grow 4-8 piece leaf when progress, pinching time, to knot more than inflorescence in the step c Fruit young sprout, the pinching in 3-5 days generally before full blossom are carried out in flowering stage the latest, such as huge to the more serious kind of fruit drop Peak, the kinds such as purple rugose rose (Rosa rugosa var typica), can the pinching in 8-10 days before spending, after all first time pinching, required amount of young sprout is not achieved in blade, to Grow sublateral shoot.

In the present embodiment, in the step d when the young sprout of biennial seedling and perennial seedling is 60 centimetres or so long, to young sprout Arch bondage is carried out, i.e., young sprout is evened up, so that fruit ear is in the highest point of young sprout, and young sprout is tied up with a certain distance in order Onto frame face.

In the present embodiment, anti-dry frozen ground has in the ranks taking other than vine trunk two sides in the step e, must not be from Root is too close, to avoid injuring the root with freeze root.

In the present embodiment, bagging time should be after dew be dry in the morning to before the dusk, when paying attention to noon bagging in the step f The place for avoiding temperature highest period and direct sunlight as far as possible, plucking bag time is to mid-early maturity and to be easy the kind painted, preferably exist Bag is plucked within 7-10 days before adopting；To late variety, bag is plucked within 10-15 days preferably before adopting.

In the present embodiment, serious orchard is occurred to diseases such as last year decayed fruit diseases in the step g, it be before disease generation It limes on ground；Or 50% carbendazim -600 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid are sprayed under frame.

Embodiment two:

A kind of grape pot implantation methods, include the following steps:

A, basin soil: the soil of grape pot is prepared, it is desirable that loose ventilation drains good, the higher Nutrition Soil containing humus.

B, nutritive soil preparation ratio: edible fungi residues (production mushroom, the flat leftover bits and pieces eaten) or decomposed sawdust 40%, rotted leaf Appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer is added in soil or field soil 40% (can also use the decomposed soil such as dish leaf), minishanny soil 10%, oil cake powder or chicken and duck argol 10%, equal kiln system is mixed, summer and autumn take decomposed 30 days or more, and winter, time in spring double, and use after decomposed；

C, 1-2 centimetres of diameter is selected, long 40-60 centimetres of bearing basal shoot penetrates branch from earthen basin bottom drain holes, 2 centimeters below branch bud section make band girdle processing, then are covered with fertile chesson；Flowerpot is hung in the air admittedly with bracket；Pay attention to Often watering keeps basin soil wet, starts to take root at about one month band girdle, after two months can be outside flowerpot drainage hole, by result Female branch cuts off half, all cuts off female branch when ripe to fruit, so that it may obtain the result plant for having 3-5 fruit ear；This pressure Propagation method, as long as the new plant of a result can be turned out the biggest advantage is to carry out in the 3-4 month；

D, basin is placed on windowsill on the sunny side, and wants illumination sufficient, want sunshine 8 hours or more daily, well-ventilated can subtract Lack disease pest: in June to high-temperature high humidity season in July, preventing and treating the generation of the disease such as hemorrhagic black smallpox, grape fruit ear white can be moulded Material bag bagging simultaneously tightens sack, and pricks ventilative, the not only diseases prevention by it of several apertures in bag bottom, can also anti-bird pest, and Pericarp is delicate, and fruit color might as well；6 to August by the trimming feature of grape pot: specifically include that bud picking determines the tip, pinching, dredges grain and dredge Fringe extracts tendril and bondage young sprout etc.；Because of potting (or other container culturings) grape, the soil accommodated is limited, and rich water is all It cannot be too many；

E, it applies fertilizer: 1) when rudiment starts, applying 1 time to 2 times using nitrogen as main fertilizer, promote shoot and leaf growth is luxuriant to be conducive to It blooms；2) 1 time to the 2 times thin fertilizer based on phosphorus potassium is applied before flowering；3) when blossom fall is beared fruit, to make Fruit, every 7 days Oil cake water was applied to 10 days, to reduce peculiar smell evaporation, oil cake water uses the method for ditch spread；First 2 centimetres to 3 are dug in basin side surrounding Centimetre ditch applies oil cake rich water in ditch, immediately mulching soil, and fertilizer is gradually by light to dense；It can also be by decomposed oil cake powder It is dispersed in basin soil surface layer, it is allowed to cure again in basin, was mixed thoroughly by 7 days to 10 days with soil；

6, it is wet to pour water control: usually watering view soil view seedling view day watering keeps basin soil to moisten slightly biased dry be advisable；Hot summer, daily It sprinkles profoundly water, " dog days " hot weather, will respectively water 1 time sooner or later daily；Plum rain season moves on to basin on the inside of balcony, reduces rain Leaching

In the present embodiment, annual late Febuary in spring will carry out soil removal and replacement to early March in the step b, change 30% to 50% old soil wipes out the old root in part；200 grams or so oil cake powder are applied according to the size of basin and in basin bottom part, and are mixed thoroughly with soil It is padded with one layer of Nutrition Soil, plant is planted back in basin.Finally repair frame.Note: it has to change basin soil removal and replacement every year.

In the present embodiment, in the step d after spring, grape germination, base portion is first sprouted into evil and adventitious bud and is smeared as early as possible It goes, the accessory bud in double buds (double hair branches) for sprouting on fruitful branch, 3 buds (3 hair branches or multiple branch) will also be erased, early on every 1 section Only retain 1 healthy and strong bud.

Embodiment three:

A kind of rattan harvests grape planting process, includes the following steps:

1) winter will fall behind entirely in its blade, trim to plant, every all cutting back there are 3 buds or so, small and weak branch, Overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth, sick branch will be trimmed, and plant multi-branched, more results are promoted；

2) early spring Fertilization &. Deep Ploughing by grape applies fertilizer based on farmyard manure, earthing after fertilising, and is watered with water, to soil table Face will loosen the soil once when slightly dry；

3) when there are several leaves to grow, small and weak bud is erased, only retains strong bud；

4) when axil director goes out tendril, it is necessary to which artificial pinch is gone, and unnecessary nutrient consumption is reduced；

5) branch is bound in period, in order to avoid disorderly pendulum fractures branch, influences nutrition transport；

6) lower blade is plucked in grape fruit mature period expanding stage, avoids illumination irradiation less than in fruit, influencing fruit color；

7) spring bloom before do not apply fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer makes its keep the golden mean of the Confucian school to control tree vigo(u)r, never excessively prosperous；

8) florescence not water, spray, and fringe point is pinched before spending, and general pinch removes full fringe 1/5 and 1/4；

9) the strong pinching of 5-7 piece leaf is stayed before grape is bloomed more than inflorescence, in addition to an accessory bud is stayed on top, remaining accessory bud is whole It erases, to allow the abundant fruit offerings of its nutrient, SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING sprays PBO twice, it can increase substantially fruit-setting rate, after physiological fallen fruit, 8-10 piece leaf pinching is stayed, is applied fertilizer in conjunction with n-p-k three elements, the high-quality rattan that can be obtained the big fringe of high yield harvests grape；

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe originals of the invention Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appending claims and equivalents circle.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of grape planting process, characterized by the following steps:

A, preparation, 1, selection breeding: there are many grape variety, and such as huge peak, rattan are harvested, golden finger etc., their maturity periods are early, adapt to Property it is strong, fine quality can be selected according to local weather, the purposes of fruit, 2, soil layer selection: selecting soil layer deep, what the soil is porous Sandy loam (its good permeability, ground temperature go up fast) soil property preferably, 3, site preparation: pour before site preparation per acre and apply by autumn and winter in first year site preparation Decomposed 1500 kilograms of fertilizer or so, then 30 centimetres or so of soil is ploughed deeply, soil is struck and is carefully made into wide 80 centimetres, high 50 centimetres of seedbed；

B, it applies fertilizer: 1, applying high-quality 50 kilograms-double centner of farmyard manure, 0.3 kilogram of urea, 0.8 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, the base of application Fertilizer soil blending, then earthing, grape fertilizer requirement is big, in winter basal dressing before fallen leaves or rudiment；Top dressing is being bloomed for the first time Preceding application；2, chase after vernalization fertilizer: when bud eye starts to expand, temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C, dressing fertilizer: pressing plant size, attached in butt 30 centimetres -40 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of shallow ridges deeply are closely opened, by the mixed soil embedment ditch of fertilizer, to be watered after applying, earthing, 3, young fruit life Long initial stage suitably applies calcium superphosphate and plant ash based on nitrogenous fertilizer；4, it when fruit starts coloring, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, rationally pours After water basal dressing, 1 water is poured, fertilizer is made to penetrate into lower layer, is absorbed with the root system of sharp grape；5, rich water is controlled: generally in Hua Qianhua It afterwards in 1 week, should not water, after fruit is occupied stably, flood can be poured, Shi great Fei in rainy season, will cause to promote fruit growth Fertility is lost, and should be drunk according to plot fertility wastage and grape growing way and be added fertilizer amount, and in a manner of " having many meals but little food at eath ", Shaoshi is frequently applied； 6, it loosens the soil in time, increases soil permeability: after heavy rain, heavy rain, can make in vineyard that earth's surface is hardened, grape root system is caused to lack Oxygen, resistance reduce, be easy it is susceptible, intertillage is primary deeper before rainy season, rainy season will firmly grasp the intertillage of rainy day gap, to increase soil Earth permeability；7, sublateral shoot is cleared up, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light: in rainy season, the most easy excessive growth of grape, sublateral shoot incidence is very high, timely Sublateral shoot is erased in pinching, and the plant excessive to young sprout will remove a part, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；

C, determine the tip: erasing as early as possible overstocked, hypogenetic branch is grown, strong branch is stayed, after pinching, except top sublateral shoot stays 3- Outside 4 leaf repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot stays 1 leaf pinching；

D, flower thinning, fruit thinning: by pinching, a large amount of nutrients needed for can saving young sprout growth promote blade thickness, bud satiation, This is most important to the fruit-setting rate, the yield and quality that improve grape；Except tendril: tendril not only consumes nutrition, and can bring perhaps More diseases: one year seedling answers timely bondage after removing tendril, grows erect plants, with the thick bamboo pole of thumb away from seedling root 15 centimeters are inserted into 15 centimetres of underground depth, and young sprout is tied up above, and when bondage will make young sprout be evenly distributed, and tied rope is drawn on young sprout At loose slip-knot, to allow some leeway to young sprout thickening, the other end is strapped in wire drawing, is conducive to ventilation, light transmission in this way, and prevent Fruit branch is blown by strong wind；It dredges fringe: after inflorescence shows, according to the load capacity of vine shoot, dredging fringe as early as possible, extend 1~2 fringe of climing reservation, Fruitful branch retains single fringe without exception, and weak branch does not stay fruit ear, and fruit ear will remove in time to grow secondary again and three times；

E, the antifreeze processing of grape, 1, in due course encapsulating jelly water, grape buries before anti-dry frozen ground 10 days in winter, should fill primary freeze-up water, The purpose is to prevent root system freeze injury and early spring arid, 2, pay attention to taking soil point and returning envelope taking Tu Gou, taking native furrow irrigation after freeze-up Full water is frozen into ice, not only reduces thickness of frozen earth layer in this way, but also is conducive to the root system overwintering and next spring and takes precautions against drought, not the ground of irrigation conditions Side, it is also possible to which random grass and other items will take Tu Gou to cover, and to prevent causing grape freeze injury, find crack occur on anti-dry frozen ground after entering the winter When, crack should be covered tightly with soil in time, when especially cold into month in next year 1-2, especially weather, can on anti-dry frozen ground heap The cold-proof object of a little faggots or horsehit etc., to ensure that grape is not endured cold；

F, anti-bird pest: do newspaper set bagged grape effect it is good, not only reduce day burn, prevent germ from infecting, prevent bird pest, and bag making side Just, 1, bag making: 4 paper bags can be made by often magnifying newspaper, and value is divided less than 1, and bag is 27 centimetres long, 20 centimetres wide, be taken 6-8 centimetres thin Iron wire is spare, and bag side is box-uped with sewing machine, and lower mouth pegs middle part with stapler, and 6 centimetres of air hole is respectively stayed in two sides, if being used for The orchard of summer high temperature high humidity can not seal lower mouth, to enhance hydrofuge performance, 2, bagging: the bagging in fruit soybean grain size, set Whole fringe is needed before bag, dredges grain, and spraying fungicide, insecticide and quick-acting calcium, 3, pluck bag: plucking bag time should be true according to kind and Time To Market It is fixed, after plucking bag, priming leaf is answered to turn fruit；

G, before grape bud eye is sprouted, 50 times -100 times of barium polysulphides or spray -5 Baume degrees stone sulphur of 3 Baume degrees can controlling disease: be sprayed Mixture (be added 0.3% washing powder effect more preferable), to control the First aggression pathogeny from overwintered in soil, 1, rely mainly on prevention, in time Spray: the drug for being 17-21 days to the residual period, if intermediate rainfall, shortens spray number of days next time every 1 medicine of spray in 15 days as one sees fit, If meeting heavy rain after spray, resprayed after becoming a fine day one time, if adjacent two kinds of medicines respectively alkalinity or acid, stringent grasp are spaced Time, prevent two kinds of medicine acid, alkali neutralizations, 2, see that disease is initial, treat in time: a run of wet weather, high temperature and humidity is most easily susceptible, daily Must observation, see the initial i.e. spray to the ill of disease, fought 600 times of liquid, 80% aliette, 300 times of liquid or l:0.7:180 times of wave with 70% section The more liquid of that, can prevent and treat downy mildew；3, based on Bordeaux mixture, adaptation this method protection effect of other drugs is very good, spray 1 time before spending 1:0.5:240 times of liquid, sprays 1 1:0.7:220 times of liquid after spending, when grape expanding stage sprays 1 1:0.7:200 times of liquid, grape harvesting 1 1:1:180 times of liquid is sprayed afterwards, autumn sprays 1~2 1:1:160 times of liquid, if intermediate occur white rot, anthracnose, suits the medicine to the illness and sprays, These medicines are mostly acidity, containment pathogeny propagation: should such as be had occurred with Bordeaux mixture strict control interval time, 4, in due course clear garden Disease, because of high temperature and humidity, disease is most easily propagated, clear garden at any time, sick leaf susceptible in garden, sick branch, disease fruit are cleared out of into garden, it is deep It buries or burns, weeds in timely removing garden often clean scissors when wiping out disease branch, disease fruit, and give disinfection, to prevent intersecting sense Dye；

2. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: fertilization time is south in the step b Base manure can be added in mid or late April in mid or late March, northern area.

3. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: pinching should be in inflorescence in the step c Grow 4-8 piece leaf when progress above, the pinching time, to result young sprout, the pinching in 3-5 days generally before full blossom, the latest in flowering stage Carry out, to the more serious kind of fruit drop, such as huge peak, the kinds such as purple rugose rose (Rosa rugosa var typica), can the pinching in 8-10 days before spending, all first times After pinching, required amount of young sprout, sublateral shoot to be grown is not achieved in blade.

4. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step d in biennial seedling and When the young sprout of perennial seedling is 60 centimetres or so long, arch bondage is carried out to young sprout, i.e., young sprout is evened up, fruit ear is made to be in young sprout Highest point, and young sprout is bonded on frame face in order with a certain distance.

5. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: anti-dry frozen ground is had in the step e In the ranks taking other than vine trunk two sides, must not be too close from root, to avoid injuring the root with freeze root.

6. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: bagging time should be in the step f To before the dusk after morning dew is dry, pays attention to the place for avoiding temperature highest period and direct sunlight when noon bagging as far as possible, pluck bag Time is to mid-early maturity and to be easy the kind painted, pluck bag within 7-10 days preferably before adopting；To late variety, 10-15 days preferably before adopting Pluck bag；

7. a kind of grape planting process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to last year decayed fruit disease in the step g Etc. diseases serious orchard occurs, to lime before disease occurs on ground；Or 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid -600 are sprayed under frame Times liquid.