CN113475305A - Cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method - Google Patents
Cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475305A CN113475305A CN202110676725.2A CN202110676725A CN113475305A CN 113475305 A CN113475305 A CN 113475305A CN 202110676725 A CN202110676725 A CN 202110676725A CN 113475305 A CN113475305 A CN 113475305A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title description 24
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0231—Tunnels, i.e. protective full coverings for rows of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
The application discloses a cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method, which comprises the following steps: the method selects excellent varieties, and the varieties of grapes such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, Hongyi, Sida, golden finger and the like, have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and can select the excellent varieties according to the local environmental state. The heat-preservation cotton film consists of a PU waterproof breathable film, polyester-silk woven fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-preservation cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; the waterproof ventilated membrane of PU has waterproof air permeability, it has good radiation protection ability to wash silk spinning cloth, the heat-absorbing membrane has the heat absorption on daytime, radiating ability at night, the cotton layer of heat preservation can play the heat preservation effect, polyester non-woven fabrics can effectively guarantee the even level and smooth of glued membrane Yi seam, reinforcing heat preservation performance, the cloth can strengthen the heat absorption is woven to PE, the cloth is woven to silver grey PE for use on the inner surface layer, can reflect inside heat effectively, furthest's holding temperature, silver grey has the effect of keeping away the aphid, have prevention and cure aphid efficiency concurrently.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a cold-resistant and burying-free grape planting method.
Background
Grapes, a vine of the family vitiidae, which are one of the oldest fruit tree species in the world; grapes are native to western Asia and cultivated all over the world, about 95% of grapes are centrally distributed in northern hemisphere and can be used as raw food, raisins or wine, and wine lees after wine brewing can be used for extracting wine food acid; the root and vine can stop vomit and prevent abortion, the fruit can prevent thrombosis, the grapevine is generally in the shape of a small branch cylinder, has longitudinal ribs, is hairless or sparse and soft, has oval leaves, has dense or sparse panicle, has developed base branches, is spherical or elliptical, and has a flowering phase of 4-5 months and a fruit phase of 8-9 months.
In cold weather, the survival rate of grape planting can descend, and traditional grape planting method is comparatively limited to the ability of resisting low temperature weather, is not convenient for keep warm to the grape seedling, heats up, and some current big-arch shelters are planted costsly and are not convenient for generally use simultaneously. Therefore, the cold-resistant and burying-free grape planting method is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
A cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting excellent varieties, namely a plurality of grape varieties, such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, red grape, Sida, golden finger and the like, which have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and selecting the excellent varieties according to local environmental conditions;
s2, selecting and soil preparation, namely selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, wherein the sandy loam is good in air permeability and fast in ground temperature rise; before soil preparation, fertilizing the whole soil, then turning soil and preparing the soil deeply by 30-40cm, finely preparing the massive soil, and then preparing the soil into a seedbed with the width of 70-90cm and the height of 40-60 cm;
s3, planting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings at a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, watering, and applying high-quality farmyard manure of 60-70 kg, urea of 0.25-0.35 kg and calcium superphosphate of 0.7-0.9 kg before the seedlings bloom for the first time; the applied base fertilizer is mixed with soil, then the soil is covered, the fertilizer requirement of the grapes is large, and the base fertilizer is applied before leaf falling or sprouting in winter;
s4, pruning saplings, removing branches which are too dense and have poor development, and reserving strong branches, so that large-grain grapes can grow, pinching is carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above inflorescences, and after pinching, 1 leaf pinching is reserved for the rest secondary tips except 3-4 leaves reserved for the secondary tips at the top end for repeated pinching;
s5, film covering and cold resistance are achieved, finally, a U-shaped support is placed at the outer end of the sapling, the U-shaped support is evenly placed at the top of the U-shaped support, a heat preservation cotton film can be covered at the top of the U-shaped support, the bottom of the heat preservation cotton film can be tightly pressed through soil, the heat preservation cotton film has good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking effects, and cold resistance is remarkable.
Further, the interval between the seedbeds in the step S2 is preferably 1.2m, a water chute is formed between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water chute is 6-8 cm.
Further, applying decomposed base fertilizer before colonization in the step S3, covering soil, compacting, and watering enough rooting water, wherein the depth of the covering soil is up to the outside of the root, and the overground part has 3-4 bud eyes.
Further, performing swelling treatment, namely dipping or spraying the fruit ears with 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution 15 days after flower withering, and repeating for 1 time every 12-15 days. Or when the fruit grains are large, spraying or dipping the fruit ears once by using 45mg/kg gibberellin solution and increasing 10ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg.
Furthermore, the fertilizer water is controlled, the watering is not needed within 1 week after the flowers are bloomed, after the fruits are stably set, the water can be watered and the fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of the fruits, the fertility loss can be caused in rainy seasons, the fertilizer amount is applied with less application and more frequent application according to the fertility loss condition of the land and the growth vigor of the grapes.
Furthermore, after heavy rain and heavy rain, the ground surface in the vineyard is hardened, so that the root system of the grape is anoxic, the resistance is reduced, and the grape is easy to be infected with diseases; deep cultivation is needed once before rainy season, and the interval cultivation in rainy days is needed to be grasped in rainy seasons to increase soil permeability.
Furthermore, pinching is generally performed 3-5 days before full bloom and at the latest in the early flowering period, pinching can be performed 8-10 days before flowering for varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as Kyoho, purple rose and the like, and when the leaves do not reach the required number of new tips after the first pinching, the auxiliary tips are grown.
Furthermore, the tendrils are removed, the tendrils not only consume nutrition, but also bring a lot of diseases, the annual seedlings are bound in time after the tendrils are removed, the plants are enabled to grow vertically, the thick bamboo poles of the thumbs are inserted into the ground 15 cm deep from the root of the seedlings, and the young shoots are bound on the thick bamboo poles.
Furthermore, in the step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, and the two ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips through which the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground, so that the U-shaped bracket is easy to mount and dismount.
Further, the heat-insulating cotton film in the step S5 has a six-layer structure, and is sequentially provided with a PU waterproof breathable film, a polyester-spun fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, a polyester non-woven fabric and a PE woven fabric from outside to inside.
According to the embodiment of the application, the grape saplings are covered by the heat-insulating cotton film, and the heat-insulating cotton film is composed of a PU waterproof breathable film, polyester-silk woven fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; the waterproof ventilated membrane of PU has waterproof air permeability, it has good radiation protection ability to wash silk spinning cloth, the heat-absorbing membrane has the heat absorption on daytime, radiating ability at night, the cotton layer of heat preservation can play the heat preservation effect, polyester non-woven fabrics can effectively guarantee the even level and smooth of glued membrane Yi seam, reinforcing heat preservation performance, the cloth can strengthen the heat absorption is woven to PE, the cloth is woven to silver grey PE for use on the inner surface layer, can reflect inside heat effectively, furthest's holding temperature, silver grey has the effect of keeping away the aphid, have prevention and cure aphid efficiency concurrently.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting excellent varieties, namely a plurality of grape varieties, such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, red grape, Sida, golden finger and the like, which have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and selecting the excellent varieties according to local environmental conditions;
s2, selecting and soil preparation, namely selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, wherein the sandy loam is good in air permeability and fast in ground temperature rise; before soil preparation, fertilizing the whole soil, then turning soil and preparing the soil deeply by 30-40cm, finely preparing the massive soil, and then preparing the soil into a seedbed with the width of 70-90cm and the height of 40-60 cm;
s3, planting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings at a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, watering, and applying high-quality farmyard manure of 60-70 kg, urea of 0.25-0.35 kg and calcium superphosphate of 0.7-0.9 kg before the seedlings bloom for the first time; the applied base fertilizer is mixed with soil, then the soil is covered, the fertilizer requirement of the grapes is large, and the base fertilizer is applied before leaf falling or sprouting in winter;
s4, pruning saplings, removing branches which are too dense and have poor development, and reserving strong branches, so that large-grain grapes can grow, pinching is carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above inflorescences, and after pinching, 1 leaf pinching is reserved for the rest secondary tips except 3-4 leaves reserved for the secondary tips at the top end for repeated pinching;
s5, film covering and cold resistance are achieved, finally, a U-shaped support is placed at the outer end of the sapling, the U-shaped support is evenly placed at the top of the U-shaped support, a heat preservation cotton film can be covered at the top of the U-shaped support, the bottom of the heat preservation cotton film can be tightly pressed through soil, the heat preservation cotton film has good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking effects, and cold resistance is remarkable.
Further, the interval between the seedbeds in the step S2 is preferably 1.2m, a water chute is formed between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water chute is 6-8 cm.
Further, applying decomposed base fertilizer before colonization in the step S3, covering soil, compacting, and watering enough rooting water, wherein the depth of the covering soil is up to the outside of the root, and the overground part has 3-4 bud eyes.
Further, performing swelling treatment, namely dipping or spraying the fruit ears with 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution 15 days after flower withering, and repeating for 1 time every 12-15 days. Or when the fruit grains are large, spraying or dipping the fruit ears once by using 45mg/kg gibberellin solution and increasing 10ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg.
Furthermore, the fertilizer water is controlled, the watering is not needed within 1 week after the flowers are bloomed, after the fruits are stably set, the water can be watered and the fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of the fruits, the fertility loss can be caused in rainy seasons, the fertilizer amount is applied with less application and more frequent application according to the fertility loss condition of the land and the growth vigor of the grapes.
Furthermore, after heavy rain and heavy rain, the ground surface in the vineyard is hardened, so that the root system of the grape is anoxic, the resistance is reduced, and the grape is easy to be infected with diseases; deep cultivation is needed once before rainy season, and the interval cultivation in rainy days is needed to be grasped in rainy seasons to increase soil permeability.
Furthermore, pinching is generally performed 3-5 days before full bloom and at the latest in the early flowering period, pinching can be performed 8-10 days before flowering for varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as Kyoho, purple rose and the like, and when the leaves do not reach the required number of new tips after the first pinching, the auxiliary tips are grown.
Furthermore, the tendrils are removed, the tendrils not only consume nutrition, but also bring a lot of diseases, the annual seedlings are bound in time after the tendrils are removed, the plants are enabled to grow vertically, the thick bamboo poles of the thumbs are inserted into the ground 15 cm deep from the root of the seedlings, and the young shoots are bound on the thick bamboo poles.
Furthermore, in the step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, and the two ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips through which the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground, so that the U-shaped bracket is easy to mount and dismount.
Further, the heat-insulating cotton film in the step S5 has a six-layer structure, and is sequentially provided with a PU waterproof breathable film, a polyester-spun fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, a polyester non-woven fabric and a PE woven fabric from outside to inside.
Example two:
a cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting excellent varieties, namely a plurality of grape varieties, such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, red grape, Sida, golden finger and the like, which have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and selecting the excellent varieties according to local environmental conditions;
s2, selecting and soil preparation, namely selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, wherein the sandy loam is good in air permeability and fast in ground temperature rise; before soil preparation, fertilizing the whole soil, then turning soil and preparing the soil deeply by 30-40cm, finely preparing the massive soil, and then preparing the soil into a seedbed with the width of 70-90cm and the height of 40-60 cm;
s3, planting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings at a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, watering, and applying high-quality farmyard manure of 60-70 kg, urea of 0.25-0.35 kg and calcium superphosphate of 0.7-0.9 kg before the seedlings bloom for the first time; the applied base fertilizer is mixed with soil, then the soil is covered, the fertilizer requirement of the grapes is large, and the base fertilizer is applied before leaf falling or sprouting in winter;
s4, pruning saplings, removing branches which are too dense and have poor development, and reserving strong branches, so that large-grain grapes can grow, pinching is carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above inflorescences, and after pinching, 1 leaf pinching is reserved for the rest secondary tips except 3-4 leaves reserved for the secondary tips at the top end for repeated pinching;
s5, film covering and cold resistance are achieved, finally, a U-shaped support is placed at the outer end of the sapling, the U-shaped support is evenly placed at the top of the U-shaped support, a heat preservation cotton film can be covered at the top of the U-shaped support, the bottom of the heat preservation cotton film can be tightly pressed through soil, the heat preservation cotton film has good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking effects, and cold resistance is remarkable.
Further, the interval between the seedbeds in the step S2 is preferably 1.2m, a water chute is formed between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water chute is 6-8 cm.
Further, applying decomposed base fertilizer before colonization in the step S3, covering soil, compacting, and watering enough rooting water, wherein the depth of the covering soil is up to the outside of the root, and the overground part has 3-4 bud eyes.
Further, performing swelling treatment, namely dipping or spraying the fruit ears with 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution 15 days after flower withering, and repeating for 1 time every 12-15 days. Or when the fruit grains are large, spraying or dipping the fruit ears once by using 45mg/kg gibberellin solution and increasing 10ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg.
Furthermore, the fertilizer water is controlled, the watering is not needed within 1 week after the flowers are bloomed, after the fruits are stably set, the water can be watered and the fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of the fruits, the fertility loss can be caused in rainy seasons, the fertilizer amount is applied with less application and more frequent application according to the fertility loss condition of the land and the growth vigor of the grapes.
Furthermore, after heavy rain and heavy rain, the ground surface in the vineyard is hardened, so that the root system of the grape is anoxic, the resistance is reduced, and the grape is easy to be infected with diseases; deep cultivation is needed once before rainy season, and the interval cultivation in rainy days is needed to be grasped in rainy seasons to increase soil permeability.
Furthermore, pinching is generally performed 3-5 days before full bloom and at the latest in the early flowering period, pinching can be performed 8-10 days before flowering for varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as Kyoho, purple rose and the like, and when the leaves do not reach the required number of new tips after the first pinching, the auxiliary tips are grown.
Furthermore, the tendrils are removed, the tendrils not only consume nutrition, but also bring a lot of diseases, the annual seedlings are bound in time after the tendrils are removed, the plants are enabled to grow vertically, the thick bamboo poles of the thumbs are inserted into the ground 15 cm deep from the root of the seedlings, and the young shoots are bound on the thick bamboo poles.
Furthermore, in the step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, and the two ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips through which the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground, so that the U-shaped bracket is easy to mount and dismount.
Further, the heat-insulating cotton film in the step S5 has a six-layer structure, and is sequentially provided with a PU waterproof breathable film, a polyester-spun fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, a polyester non-woven fabric and a PE woven fabric from outside to inside.
The application has the advantages that: the method adopts a heat-preservation cotton film to cover the grape saplings, wherein the heat-preservation cotton film is composed of a PU waterproof breathable film, polyester-silk fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-preservation cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; the waterproof ventilated membrane of PU has waterproof air permeability, it has good radiation protection ability to wash silk spinning cloth, the heat-absorbing membrane has the heat absorption on daytime, radiating ability at night, the cotton layer of heat preservation can play the heat preservation effect, polyester non-woven fabrics can effectively guarantee the even level and smooth of glued membrane Yi seam, reinforcing heat preservation performance, the cloth can strengthen the heat absorption is woven to PE, the cloth is woven to silver grey PE for use on the inner surface layer, can reflect inside heat effectively, furthest's holding temperature, silver grey has the effect of keeping away the aphid, have prevention and cure aphid efficiency concurrently.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting excellent varieties, namely a plurality of grape varieties, such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, red grape, Sida, golden finger and the like, which have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and selecting the excellent varieties according to local environmental conditions;
s2, selecting and soil preparation, namely selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, wherein the sandy loam is good in air permeability and fast in ground temperature rise; before soil preparation, fertilizing the whole soil, then turning soil and preparing the soil deeply by 30-40cm, finely preparing the massive soil, and then preparing the soil into a seedbed with the width of 70-90cm and the height of 40-60 cm;
s3, planting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings at a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, watering, and applying high-quality farmyard manure of 60-70 kg, urea of 0.25-0.35 kg and calcium superphosphate of 0.7-0.9 kg before the seedlings bloom for the first time; the applied base fertilizer is mixed with soil, then the soil is covered, the fertilizer requirement of the grapes is large, and the base fertilizer is applied before leaf falling or sprouting in winter;
s4, pruning saplings, removing branches which are too dense and have poor development, and reserving strong branches, so that large-grain grapes can grow, pinching is carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above inflorescences, and after pinching, 1 leaf pinching is reserved for the rest secondary tips except 3-4 leaves reserved for the secondary tips at the top end for repeated pinching;
s5, film covering and cold resistance are achieved, finally, a U-shaped support is placed at the outer end of the sapling, the U-shaped support is evenly placed at the top of the U-shaped support, a heat preservation cotton film can be covered at the top of the U-shaped support, the bottom of the heat preservation cotton film can be tightly pressed through soil, the heat preservation cotton film has good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking effects, and cold resistance is remarkable.
2. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S2, the interval between the seedbeds is preferably 1.2m, a water chute is formed between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water chute is 6-8 cm.
3. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
applying decomposed base fertilizer before colonization in the step S3, covering soil, compacting, and watering enough rooting water, wherein the depth of the covering soil is beyond the root growth, and the overground part has 3-4 bud eyes.
4. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
and (3) performing swelling treatment, namely dipping or spraying the fruit clusters with 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution 15 days after the flowers are withered, and repeating for 1 time every 12-15 days. Or when the fruit grains are large, spraying or dipping the fruit ears once by using 45mg/kg gibberellin solution and increasing 10ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg.
5. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
controlling the fertilizer water, generally within 1 week after the flowers are bloomed, not watering, after the fruits are stably set, watering and fertilizing to promote the growth of the fruits, causing fertility loss in rainy seasons, and applying less and more frequently according to the fertility loss condition of the land and the growth vigor of the grapes.
6. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
after heavy rain and heavy rain, the ground surface in the vineyard is hardened, so that the root system of the grape is anoxic, the resistance is reduced, and the grape is easy to be infected with diseases; deep cultivation is needed once before rainy season, and the interval cultivation in rainy days is needed to be grasped in rainy seasons to increase soil permeability.
7. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
the pinching time is generally 3-5 days before full bloom, and is carried out at the latest in the initial flowering stage, the pinching can be carried out 8-10 days before blooming for the varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as giant peak, purple rose and the like, and the secondary tips are grown when the leaves can not reach the required number of new tips after the first pinching.
8. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 7, wherein:
the tendrils are removed, nutrition is consumed, a plurality of diseases are brought, the annual seedlings are bound in time after the tendrils are removed, the plants grow vertically, the bamboo poles with thick thumbs are inserted into the ground 15 cm deep from the root of the seedlings, and the young shoots are bound on the bamboo poles.
9. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, the two ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips, the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground through the tips, and the U-shaped bracket is easy to mount and dismount.
10. The method for planting cold-resistant and burying-free grapes according to claim 1, wherein:
the heat-insulating cotton film in the step S5 has a six-layer structure, and is sequentially provided with a PU waterproof breathable film, a polyester-silk woven fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, a polyester non-woven fabric and a PE woven fabric from outside to inside.
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