CN103814722A - Whole-potato-seeding based water-saving drought-resistant high-yield cultivation method for hill sloping fields in northwest of Shanxi province - Google Patents
Whole-potato-seeding based water-saving drought-resistant high-yield cultivation method for hill sloping fields in northwest of Shanxi province Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-potato-seeding based water-saving drought-resistant high-yield cultivation method for hill sloping fields in the northwest of Shanxi province, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method includes the steps of soil preparation, fertilization, preparation before seeding, seeding in proper time, growing period management and the like. The method further includes reasonably distributing water and fertilizer, managing herbicide and the like and seeding based on whole potatoes. Through whole-potato-based seeding, normal seeding and germinating can be realized without rainfall; the whole potatoes are not easy to infect by germs in the soil as having no cut, and virus infection caused by non-strict cutter sterilization can be avoided; the fertilization mode, the weeding mode and the pest prevention mode of the method are applicable to potato planting in the northwest of the Shanxi province, utilization rate of phosphatic fertilizer is increased, manual weeding is omitted, labor saving effect is achieved, and effective insect disease prevention can be realized; the yield of potatoes can be increased by 20-60%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, especially relate to Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, a kind of Shanxi potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Shanxi Province is that potato produces large province, and as the potato of one of Main Economic crop, its sowing area was by 19.3 ten thousand hm of 2009
2return to 240,000 hm of 2012
2left and right, potato localization of production layout begins to take shape.Shanxi Province's potato planting area reaches 3333hm
2above main product county has reached 20, basically forms Yanmen Guan, Taihang Mountain, the large potato strong industry band of Luliang Mountains three.But the main producing region of potato is distributed in mountain area and hilly country more, the natural conditions of production and irrigation conditions are all poor, and year precipitation is between 380-650mm.Arid causes unit yield long-term low and unstable frequently, fluctuates larger between year border, remains and lives at the mercy of the elements.Because tillage method is extensive, Mechanization Level is low, and output is restricted.Analyze above reason and propose whole photo sowing, raised bed cultivate and dropper permeate the Integrated Cultural Practices For High Yielding of taking precautions against drought combining.
Shanxi Province is located in loess plateau, and most area belongs to semi-arid climate, 10 years drouths, and spring, wind-force was large.Height above sea level 2500-3060m, weather cools, and average temperature of the whole year is between 3.7-13.8 ℃, illumination abundance, sunshine, day and night temperature was large between 2200-3000h, and the biological property requiring with potato coincide, sandy soil is in the majority simultaneously, homogeneous, short texture, is conducive to the growth of expanding of potato tubers, and the potato epidermis of producing is smooth, commodity is good.The conditions such as the landform of Shanxi Province, weather, soil are applicable to the production of potato very much, are that generally acknowledged potato advantage producing region and the virus-free seed potato in the whole nation bred Predominance Area.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, a kind of Shanxi potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method is provided,
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, Shanxi potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1 wholely and fertilising
The increase active soil stratum of will deep ploughing autumn, fertilizer is held in retaining; Execute farmyard manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use inorganic fertilizer: the pure potassium 5～8kg of the fertile amount of application of the pure N10～12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K, the pure phosphorus 3～5kg of the fertile amount of application of P;
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: selecting low generation detoxification disease-resistant variety is potato seed, choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: before sowing, 20d is placed in indoor or outdoors by virus-free seed potato and keeps away periods of direct sunlight, tiling layer 2-3, and indoor temperature is advisable with 15-20 ℃, vernalization is basked seeds about 10d, urge out the short strong bud of 0.3-0.5cm, with good conditionsi can gently turning over once, then shine 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension sprays in potato: in the previous day of sowing, through basking seeds, spray with raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with Polypropylence Sheet, wait until sowing use;
4. utilize small seed potato to carry out whole photo sowing;
S3 proper seeding
When ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 ℃, can sow, high and cold mountain area, northwest, Shanxi was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer are poured in corresponding sower wagon box, agricultural little four-wheel drives planter water furrow planting, row spacing 90cm, sowing depth 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, remove native 2cm, actual sowing depth is 10cm, and 7d left and right comes up and stands out, after the seedling of 10% left and right stands out, carry out again secondary ridge soil, now overlay liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed is 20cm apart from ridge back of the body actual height;
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, more than 3000kg, is stayed seedling 4000 strains, and seedling 3500 strains can be stayed in the plot of medium fertility;
3. the application of weed killer herbicide
In the time of the soil of secondary ridge, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, before plant envelope ridge, spray again once;
S4 growing season management
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeability apparatus, the pump-out of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, every mu of ground of fertilizer spreading tank water the water yield 5 side/mus/time;
Water for the first time: secondary ridge soil waters afterwards at once for the first time;
Water for the second time: bloom squaring period at potato plant, need water the second water, now will be with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao;
Water for the third time:: buddingging the later stage, mu waters the water yield and strengthens, and 8 side/mus will be affixed by K simultaneously
28O
45-6kg/ mu;
Water for fourth, fifth time:, keep the skin wet little in the situation that without rainfall or rainfall, consumption 5 side/mus, are affixed by K
28O
45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of damage by disease and insect
The primary prevention of potato late blight: be watered 15kg spraying in the later stage of blooming with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 25g, use liquid 40kg for every mu, every spray in 10 days once, spray altogether 2 times later;
Prevent and treat method mid-term: if find potato late blight plant, can select for the first time Du Pont's gram dew; Be watered 20kg and spray, spray for the second time 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, spray for the third time the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, general continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meet rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade is not hung the globule, again spray;
Late August, sprays the enlarging agent of 800 times of liquid once, after 7d, sprays once again;
Later stage insect pest is mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, and 100 grams of every mu of use, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
Preferably, in described step S1, deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm.
Preferably, the potato seed of choosing in described S2 is No. 11, Shanxi potato, No. 16, Shanxi potato or pale reddish brown white.
Preferably, described step S3 1. middle fertilizer is superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu.
Adopted technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts whole photo sowing, can without rainfall time, normally sow, emerge because carrying moisture; Whole potato does not have otch, is difficult for by the courses of infection in soil, in addition, can avoid because of the not tight virus spread of cutting knife sterilization.
(2) method of the present invention, according to the weather geographic properties of northwest, Shanxi, is determined the fertilization mode of potato, the mode of weeding system and pre-insect-pest, and the availability of raising P fertilizer, removes artificial weeding from, laborsaving saving of labor, and effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
(3) effectively saving water, resisting drought of method of the present invention, and can make the output of potato improve 20%-60%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, Shanxi potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
S1 wholely and fertilising
The increase active soil stratum of will deep ploughing autumn, deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm, fertilizer is held in retaining; Execute farmyard manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use inorganic fertilizer: the pure potassium 5～8kg of the fertile amount of application of the pure N10～12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K, the pure phosphorus 3～5kg of the fertile amount of application of P;
In order to make plant strain growth healthy and strong, root system is powerful, knot potato is large and many, the increase active soil stratum of will deep ploughing autumn, and fertilizer is held in retaining, the general degree of depth reaches 25-30cm left and right, can not only receive autumn and winter rainwater, and can reach defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, rich water abundance, for spring sowing keeping crop seedling from drought, promote that potato growth provides a good growing environment.
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: selecting Shanxi potato is potato seed No. 11, and choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: potato seed is through long-term storage, physiological function because of low temperature suppress inactive, in being forced to resting state, insemination and emergence is irregular and slow immediately, and before sowing, 20d is placed in indoor or outdoors by virus-free seed potato and keeps away periods of direct sunlight, tiling layer 2-3 (outdoor detain little shed), indoor temperature is advisable with 15-20 ℃, and vernalization is basked seeds about 10d, the short strong bud of urging out 0.3-0.5cm, with good conditionsi can gently turning over once, then shine 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension sprays in potato: in the previous day of sowing, through basking seeds, spray with raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with Polypropylence Sheet, wait until sowing use; Through the vexed kind of 24h, be conducive to raw growth-promoting bacterium in potato and enter young shoot organization internal, thereby surely grow in plant body, promote the growth of plant.
4. utilize small seed potato to carry out whole photo sowing;
Can effectively improve potato emergence rate.Local spring, wind-force was large, and soil tilth is destroyed greatly, added that now rainfall is few, and spring sowing potato emerges always unstablely because of soil lack of water, and whole photo sowing can normally be sowed, emerge because carrying moisture without rainfall time.Whole potato does not have otch, is difficult for by the courses of infection in soil, in addition, can avoid because of the not tight virus spread of cutting knife sterilization.Its growing way is strong, and resistance improves, and is beneficial to high yield, generally than stripping and slicing sowing volume increase 20% left and right.
S3 proper seeding
When ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 ℃, can sow, high and cold mountain area, northwest, Shanxi was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, adopt the 2CMF-2 of Harbin Woer Science & Technology Co., Ltd. type fertilizing planter for potato, distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer are poured in corresponding sower wagon box, wherein, fertilizer is superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu, agricultural little four-wheel drives planter water furrow planting, row spacing 90cm, sowing depth 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, and removes native 2cm, and actual sowing depth is 10cm, 7d left and right comes up and stands out, after the seedling of 10% left and right stands out, then carry out secondary ridge soil, now overlay liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed is 20cm apart from ridge back of the body actual height;
Mechanization sowing, sowing depth is consistent, emerges neat, and growing way is consistent, is convenient to management; Secondary ridge soil, increases under ground portion between potato plant stem, increases plant knot potato level, ties potato more, knot yampi, and promote plant root to grow to deep layer, many water suctions are fertile, improve the availability of potato to soil clay fertilizer, strengthen drought-resistant ability.Overlay permeation drip irrigation device, dropper is just placed in the knot potato position of plant, and the availability of the moisture of raising, takes precautions against drought, and changes Partial little climate, is conducive to potato seed and expands.Raised bed cultivate: 1. poly-fertile; 2. change mesoclimate (ventilation, printing opacity, day and night temperature are large); 3. hypopathia evil; 4., when the growth later stage runs into flood, stem tuber soak time is short, not rotten potato.Growth-promoting bacterium sprays vexed kind, foliage-spray strengthening: improve and do the variation of object endoenzyme class, strengthen crop resistance and resistance, chlorophyll content improves, and strengthens crop photosynthesis, and Promoting plant growth improves output.Inorganic fertilizer retting together with farmyard manure can reduce soil compaction, improves the availability of P fertilizer, and fertilising can be increased production 30%-60% like this.
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, more than 3000kg, is stayed seedling 4000 strains, and seedling 3500 strains can be stayed in the plot of medium fertility; The plot of liquid manure, suitably strengthens thickness of sowing and can improve output.
3. the application of weed killer herbicide
In the time of the soil of secondary ridge, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, before plant envelope ridge, spray again once; Remove artificial weeding from, laborsaving saving of labor.
S4 growing season management
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeability apparatus, the pump-out of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, every mu of ground of fertilizer spreading tank water the water yield 5 side/mus/time; Water at ordinary times and will see the field degree of drought of potato plant, the different growing stages of weather rainfall situation and plant, as squaring period in flowering stage, stem tuber expanding stage.
Water for the first time: secondary ridge soil waters afterwards at once for the first time; Object: strong root, strong sprout.Now the root system of the little whole potato of potato begins to take shape, and waters that it is vigorous to be conducive to root growth, absorbs after moisture, and more piece of subterranean stem some growth, becomes sturdy, easily forms strong sprout after being unearthed.Generally do not rewater in seedling stage, restraining the growth of seedlings afterwards, strong root.
Water for the second time: bloom squaring period at potato plant, need water the second water, now will be with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao (composition comprises the trace elements such as N, P, K, amino acid), object: promote that maternal plant is strong, potato plant acrial part healthy growth, increase leaf area, strengthen intensity of photosynthesis, promote plant strain growth, lay foundation for stem tuber expands.
Water for the third time: buddingging the later stage, potato tubers starts to expand, and now above-ground plant parts stops growing substantially, and nutrition starts downward transfer, and is in the megathermal period, now water requirement strengthens, and mu waters the water yield and strengthens, and is 8 side/mus, will be affixed by K simultaneously
2sO
45-6kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is conducive to promote that stem tuber expands.；
Water for fourth, fifth time:, keep the skin wet little in the situation that without rainfall or rainfall, consumption 5 side/mus, are affixed by K
2sO
45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of damage by disease and insect
The primary prevention of potato late blight: be watered 15kg spraying in the later stage of blooming with metalaxyl-mn-zn (packing 100g/ bag) wetting powder 25g, use liquid 40kg for every mu, every spray in 10 days once, spray altogether 2 times later;
Prevent and treat method mid-term: if find potato late blight plant, can select for the first time Du Pont gram to reveal (packing 100g/ bag); Be watered 20kg and spray, spray for the second time 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, spray for the third time the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, general continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meet rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade is not hung the globule, again spray;
Late August, sprays the enlarging agent of 800 times of liquid once, after 7d, sprays once again;
Later stage insect pest is mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, and 100 grams of every mu of use, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art is from above-mentioned design, and without performing creative labour, all conversion of having done, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Shanxi Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1 wholely and fertilising
The increase active soil stratum of will deep ploughing autumn, fertilizer is held in retaining; Execute farmyard manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use inorganic fertilizer: the pure potassium 5～8kg of the fertile amount of application of the pure N10～12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K, the pure phosphorus 3～5kg of the fertile amount of application of P;
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: selecting low generation detoxification disease-resistant variety is potato seed, choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: before sowing, 20d is placed in indoor or outdoors by virus-free seed potato and keeps away periods of direct sunlight, tiling layer 2-3, and indoor temperature is advisable with 15-20 ℃, vernalization is basked seeds about 10d, urge out the short strong bud of 0.3-0.5cm, with good conditionsi can gently turning over once, then shine 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension sprays in potato: in the previous day of sowing, through basking seeds, spray with raw growth-promoting bacterium bacteria suspension in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with Polypropylence Sheet, wait until sowing use;
4. utilize small seed potato to carry out whole photo sowing;
S3 proper seeding
When ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 ℃, can sow, high and cold mountain area, northwest, Shanxi was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer are poured in corresponding sower wagon box, agricultural little four-wheel drives planter water furrow planting, row spacing 90cm, sowing depth 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, remove native 2cm, actual sowing depth is 10cm, and 7d left and right comes up and stands out, after the seedling of 10% left and right stands out, carry out again secondary ridge soil, now overlay liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed is 20cm apart from ridge back of the body actual height;
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, more than 3000kg, is stayed seedling 4000 strains, and seedling 3500 strains can be stayed in the plot of medium fertility;
3. the application of weed killer herbicide
In the time of the soil of secondary ridge, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, before plant envelope ridge, spray again once;
S4 growing season management
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeability apparatus, the pump-out of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, every mu of ground of fertilizer spreading tank water the water yield 5 side/mus/time;
Water for the first time: secondary ridge soil waters afterwards at once for the first time;
Water for the second time: bloom squaring period at potato plant, need water the second water, now will be with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao;
Water for the third time:: buddingging the later stage, mu waters the water yield and strengthens, and 8 side/mus will be affixed by K simultaneously
2sO
45-6kg/ mu;
Water for fourth, fifth time:, keep the skin wet little in the situation that without rainfall or rainfall, consumption 5 side/mus, are affixed by K
28O
45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of damage by disease and insect
The primary prevention of potato late blight: be watered 15kg spraying in the later stage of blooming with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 25g, use liquid 40kg for every mu, every spray in 10 days once, spray altogether 2 times later;
Prevent and treat method mid-term: if find potato late blight plant, can select for the first time Du Pont's gram dew; Be watered 20kg and spray, spray for the second time 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, spray for the third time the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, general continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meet rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade is not hung the globule, again spray;
Late August, sprays the enlarging agent of 800 times of liquid once, after 7d, sprays once again;
Later stage insect pest is mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, and 100 grams of every mu of use, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
2. Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, Shanxi according to claim 1 potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, in described step S1, and deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm.
3. Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, Shanxi according to claim 1 potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, the potato seed of choosing in described S2 is No. 11, Shanxi potato, No. 16, Shanxi potato or pale reddish brown white.
4. Hill Region of Northwest hillside fields, Shanxi according to claim 1 potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, described step S3 1. middle fertilizer is superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu.
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| CN106561196A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Method of integration of water and fertilizer of potato greenhouse |
| CN107667596A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of sloping upland vega soil methods of cultivation |
| CN108782084A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-13 | 甘肃农业大学 | Potato under-film drip irrigation implantation methods and potato |
| CN110178852A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 重庆领直航科技有限公司 | The late blight of potato prevention and treatment composite drug and its application method |
| CN110972868A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所 | Potato cultivation method for expanding ridges and shrinking plants |
| CN113243269A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient breeding method and device for virus-free small potato seeds |
| CN113994860A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Seed potato quality control method |
| CN114303840A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for reducing incidence rate of hollowing of potato tubers |
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