CN103814722B - Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method - Google Patents
Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814722B CN103814722B CN201410053272.8A CN201410053272A CN103814722B CN 103814722 B CN103814722 B CN 103814722B CN 201410053272 A CN201410053272 A CN 201410053272A CN 103814722 B CN103814722 B CN 103814722B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method, belongs to technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises wholely and applies fertilizer, the preparation before sowing, proper seeding, several processes such as management in vegetative period, reasonable disposition water and fertilizer management, weedicide management etc., and utilizes whole photo sowing. The present invention adopts whole photo sowing, can normally sowing without when rainfall, emerge; Whole potato does not have otch, not easily by the courses of infection in soil, also can avoid the virus spread because cutting knife sterilization is not tight. The fertilization mode of the present invention, the mode of weeding system and pre-insect-pest, is applicable to the plantation of northwestern Shanxi potato, it is to increase the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer, removes artificial weeding from, laborsaving province work, and can effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests. The output increased 20%-60% of potato can be made.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, especially relate to a kind of Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Shanxi province is potato big producing province, and as the potato of one of major economic crops, its sown area was by 19.3 ten thousand hm of 20092Return to 240,000 hm of 20122Left and right, potato output zone layout begins to take shape. Shanxi province potato planting area reaches 3333hm2Above main product county has reached 20, basically forms Yanmen Guan, Taihang Mountain, the big potato Pear dominant producing zone in Lu Liangshan three. But the main producing region of potato is distributed in mountain area and hilly country more, the natural condition of production and irrigation conditions are all poor, and year, precipitation was between 380-650mm. Arid causes unit yield low and unstable for a long time frequently, fluctuates relatively big, still live at the mercy of the elements between year border. Owing to tillage method is extensive, mechanize level is low, and output is restricted. Analyzing above reason and propose whole photo sowing, raised bed cultivate and dropper permeate the high-production synthetic cultivation technique of taking precautions against drought combined.
Shanxi province is located in loess plateau, and most area belongs to semiarid weather, and 10 years non-irrigated for a long time, and spring, wind-force was big. Height above sea level 2500-3060m, weather cools, and average temperature of the whole year is between 3.7-13.8 DEG C, illumination is sufficient, sunshine, day and night temperature was big between 2200-3000h, and the biological characteristics required with potato coincide, sandy soil is in the majority simultaneously, homogeneous, short texture, is conducive to the growth of expanding of potato tuber, and the potato epidermis produced is smooth, commodity is good. The conditions such as the landform of Shanxi province, weather, soil, are applicable to the production of potato very much, are that the potato advantage producing region generally acknowledged, the whole nation and virus-free seed potato breed advantage district.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method,
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme of the present invention is:
Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1 and applies fertilizer wholely
Being deep ploughed autumn increase active layer, retaining stores fertile; Execute farm manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use mineral manure: the fertile pure phosphorus 3��5kg of amount of application of the pure N10��12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K fertile amount of application pure potassium 5��8kg, P;
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: select low generation detoxification disease-resistant variety to be potato seed, choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: before sowing, virus-free seed potato is placed in indoor or outdoors and keeps away periods of direct sunlight by 20d, tiling 2-3 layer, and room temp is with 15-20 DEG C, and vernalization is basked seeds 10d, gently turns over once after urging out the short strong bud of 0.3-0.5cm, then shines 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. in potato, raw Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension sprays: in the day before yesterday of sowing, through basking seeds, spraying with Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension raw in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with plastic cloth, wait until sowing and use;
4. small seed potato is utilized to carry out whole photo sowing;
S3 proper seeding
Can sowing when ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 DEG C, Northwest Shanxi high and cold mountain area was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer being poured in corresponding seed sower wagon box, agricultural little four take turns drive planting machine water furrow planting, and ridge is apart from 90cm, depth of planting 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, remove soil 2cm, actual depth of planting be 10cm, 7d seedling be unearthed stand out, after the seedling of about 10% stands out, carry out two ridge soil again, now overlaying liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed distance ridge back of the body actual height is 20cm;
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, at more than 3000kg, stays seedling 4000 strain, and seedling 3500 strain is stayed in the plot of medium fertility;
3. the application of weedicide
When two ridge soil, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, spray again once before plant seals ridge;
S4 manages vegetative period
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeator, the amount of drawing water of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, fertilizer spreading tank every mu ground irrigation amount 5 sides/mu/time;
First time waters: carry out after two ridge soil watering for the first time at once;
Second time is watered: blooms squaring period at potato plant, need to water the 2nd water, now will with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao;
Third time waters: in the later stage of buddingging, and mu irrigation amount strengthens, and 8 sides/mu, to be affixed by K simultaneously2SO45-6kg/ mu;
Water for fourth, fifth time: when without rainfall or rainfall amount little, keep the skin wet, consumption 5 sides/mu, is affixed by K2SO45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of disease and pest
The primary prevention of the late blight of potato: the later stage is watered 15kg spraying with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 25g blooming, and uses liquid 40kg for every mu, sprays 2 times altogether later once every spray in 10 days;
Mid-term prevention and controls: if find late blight of potato plant, first time select Du Pont gram to reveal; Being watered 20kg to spray, second time sprays 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, and third time sprays the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, generally continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meeting rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade does not hang the globule, again spray;
Late August, the enlarging agent spraying 800 times of liquid once, sprays once after 7d again;
Later stage insect pest mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, every mu of use 100 grams, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
Preferably, in described step S1, deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm.
Preferably, the potato seed chosen in described S2 is No. 11, Shanxi potato, Shanxi potato No. 16 or in vain pale reddish brown.
Preferably, step S3 described in described step 1. in fertilizer be calcium superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu.
Have employed technique scheme, the useful effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts whole photo sowing, can normally sowing without when rainfall, emerge because carrying moisture; Whole potato does not have otch, not easily by the courses of infection in soil, in addition, can avoid the virus spread because cutting knife sterilization is not tight.
(2) method of the present invention is according to the weather geographic properties of Northwest Shanxi, it is determined that the fertilization mode of potato, the mode of weeding system and pre-insect-pest, it is to increase the utilization ratio of P fertilizer, removes artificial weeding from, laborsaving province work, and can effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
(3) method of the present invention can effective saving water, resisting drought, and the output increased 20%-60% of potato can be made.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
S1 and applies fertilizer wholely
To be deep ploughed autumn increase active layer, deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm, retaining stores fertile; Execute farm manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use mineral manure: the fertile pure phosphorus 3��5kg of amount of application of the pure N10��12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K fertile amount of application pure potassium 5��8kg, P;
In order to make plant strain growth healthy and strong, root system is powerful, knot potato is many greatly, increase active layer of being deep ploughed autumn, and retaining stores fertile, the general degree of depth reaches about 25-30cm, can not only receiving autumn and winter rainwater, and can reach defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, rich water is sufficient, for spring sowing keeping crop seedling from drought, promote that potato growth provides a good growing environment.
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: selecting No. 11, Shanxi potato for potato seed, choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: potato seed is through standing storage, physiological function is inactive because low temperature suppresses, it is in and it is forced to dormant state, insemination and emergence is irregular and slow immediately, and before sowing, virus-free seed potato is placed in indoor or outdoors and keeps away periods of direct sunlight by 20d, tiling 2-3 layer (Small plastic shed can be detained in outdoor), room temp is with 15-20 DEG C, vernalization is basked seeds about 10d, gently turns over once after urging out the short strong bud of 0.3-0.5cm, then shines 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. in potato, raw Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension sprays: in the day before yesterday of sowing, through basking seeds, spraying with Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension raw in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with plastic cloth, wait until sowing and use; Through the vexed kind of 24h, be conducive to raw Promoting bacteria in potato to enter young shoot organization internal, thus surely grow in plant body, promote the growth of plant.
4. small seed potato is utilized to carry out whole photo sowing;
Can effectively improve potato seedling rate. Local spring, wind-force was big, the soil moisture content of soil is destroyed greatly, adds now rainfall amount few, and spring sowing potato emerges always unstable because of soil lack of water, and whole photo sowing can normally sowing without when rainfall, emerge because carrying moisture. Whole potato does not have otch, not easily by the courses of infection in soil, in addition, can avoid the virus spread because cutting knife sterilization is not tight. Its growing way is strong, and resistance improves, and is beneficial to high yield, generally than stripping and slicing sowing volume increase about 20%.
S3 proper seeding
Can sowing when ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 DEG C, Northwest Shanxi high and cold mountain area was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, adopts Wal, Harbin Science and Technology Ltd. 2CMF-2 type potato fertilization planting machine, and distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer are poured in corresponding seed sower wagon box, wherein, fertilizer is calcium superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu, agricultural little four take turns drive planting machine water furrow planting, and ridge is apart from 90cm, depth of planting 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, and removes soil 2cm, and actual depth of planting is 10cm, about 7d seedling is unearthed and stands out, after the seedling of about 10% stands out, then carry out two ridge soil, now overlay liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed distance ridge back of the body actual height is 20cm;
Mechanization sowing, depth of planting is consistent, emerges neat, and growing way is consistent, is convenient to management; Two ridge soil, increase underground part between potato plant stem, increase plant knot potato level, tie potato more, tie big potato, and promote that plant root is grown to deep layer, and absorb water fertilizer more, it is to increase the utilization ratio that potato is fertile to soil soil, strengthen drought-resistant ability. Overlaying permeation drip irrigation device, dropper is just placed in the knot potato position of plant, it is to increase the utilization ratio of moisture, take precautions against drought, change Partial little climate, be conducive to potato seed to expand. Raised bed cultivate: 1. poly-fertile; 2. change local climate (ventilation, printing opacity, day and night temperature big); 3. hypopathia evil; 4. when Later growth runs into flood, stem tuber soak time is short, not rotten potato. Promoting bacteria sprays vexed kind, foliage-spray strengthening: improving and do the change of object endoenzyme class, strengthen crop resistance and resistance, chlorophyll content improves, and strengthens crop photosynthesis, Promoting plant growth, it is to increase output. Mineral manure retting together with farm manure can reduce soil compaction, it is to increase the utilization ratio of P fertilizer, and fertilising can increase production 30%-60% like this.
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, at more than 3000kg, stays seedling 4000 strain, and seedling 3500 strain can be stayed in the plot of medium fertility; The plot of liquid manure, suitably strengthens thickness of sowing and can improve output.
3. the application of weedicide
When two ridge soil, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, spray again once before plant seals ridge; Remove artificial weeding from, laborsaving province work.
S4 manages vegetative period
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeator, the amount of drawing water of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, fertilizer spreading tank every mu ground irrigation amount 5 sides/mu/time; The field arid degree watered at ordinary times and to be seen potato plant, the different growing stages of weather rainfall situation and plant, such as squaring period in flowering period, tuber expansion period.
First time waters: carry out after two ridge soil watering for the first time at once; Object: strong root, strong sprout. Now the root system of the little whole potato of potato begins to take shape, and waters and is conducive to root growth vigorous, and after absorbing moisture, subterraneous stem part grows more block, it becomes sturdy, easily forms strong sprout after being unearthed. Generally no longer water in seedling stage, restrain the growth of seedlings afterwards, strong root.
Second time is watered: bloom squaring period at potato plant, the 2nd water need to be watered, now will with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao (composition comprises the trace elements such as N, P, K, amino acid), object: promote that maternal plant is strong, potato plant over-ground part healthy growth, increase leaf area, strengthen intensity of photosynthesis, promote plant strain growth, lay foundation for stem tuber expands.
Third time waters: in the later stage of buddingging, potato tuber starts to expand, and now plant above ground part stops growing substantially, and nutrition starts downward transfer, and is in the pliotherm period, and this hourly water demand strengthens, and mu irrigation amount strengthens, and is 8 sides/mu, to be affixed by K simultaneously2SO45-6kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is conducive to promoting that stem tuber expands. ;
Water for fourth, fifth time: when without rainfall or rainfall amount little, keep the skin wet, consumption 5 sides/mu, is affixed by K2SO45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of disease and pest
The primary prevention of the late blight of potato: the later stage is watered 15kg spraying with metalaxyl-mn-zn (packing 100g/ bag) wettable powder 25g blooming, and uses liquid 40kg for every mu, sprays 2 times altogether later once every spray in 10 days;
Mid-term prevention and controls: if finding late blight of potato plant, first time can select Du Pont gram dew (packaging 100g/ bag); Being watered 20kg to spray, second time sprays 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, and third time sprays the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, generally continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meeting rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade does not hang the globule, again spray;
Late August, the enlarging agent spraying 800 times of liquid once, sprays once after 7d again;
Later stage insect pest mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, every mu of use 100 grams, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned enforcement mode specifically, and the those of ordinary skill of this area is from above-mentioned design, and without the work of creativeness, done all conversion, all drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1 and applies fertilizer wholely
Being deep ploughed autumn increase active layer, retaining stores fertile; Execute farm manure 2500kg, plough under in soil with deep ploughing in autumn;
Use mineral manure: the fertile pure phosphorus 3��5kg of amount of application of the pure N10��12kg of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, K fertile amount of application pure potassium 5��8kg, P;
Preparation before S2 sowing
1. the selection of kind: select low generation detoxification disease-resistant variety to be potato seed, choosing potato seed weight is 25-50g;
2. vernalization is basked seeds: before sowing, virus-free seed potato is placed in indoor or outdoors and keeps away periods of direct sunlight by 20d, tiling 2-3 layer, and room temp is with 15-20 DEG C, and vernalization is basked seeds 10d, gently turns over once after urging out the short strong bud of 0.3-0.5cm, then shines 5-7d and get final product whole photo sowing;
3. in potato, raw Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension sprays: in the day before yesterday of sowing, through basking seeds, spraying with Promoting bacteria bacteria suspension raw in potato with the potato seed of young shoot, hide vexed 24h with plastic cloth, wait until sowing and use;
4. small seed potato is utilized to carry out whole photo sowing;
S3 proper seeding
Can sowing when ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 DEG C, Northwest Shanxi high and cold mountain area was sowed May 20;
1. planting patterns: Mechanization sowing, distance between the ridges is from being 90cm;
Respectively little whole potato to be broadcast and fertilizer being poured in corresponding seed sower wagon box, agricultural little four take turns drive planting machine water furrow planting, and ridge is apart from 90cm, depth of planting 12cm, potato seed spacing in the rows 12cm, after 3d, the ridge back of the body is pinched, remove soil 2cm, actual depth of planting be 10cm, 7d seedling be unearthed stand out, after the seedling 10% stands out, carry out two ridge soil again, now overlaying liquid manure permeation drip irrigation device, ridge soil is highly 10cm, and now potato seed distance ridge back of the body actual height is 20cm;
2. rational close planting
The plot per mu yield of high liquid manure, at more than 3000kg, stays seedling 4000 strain, and seedling 3500 strain is stayed in the plot of medium fertility;
3. the application of weedicide
When two ridge soil, in the general field of furrow herbicide spraying, spray again once before plant seals ridge;
S4 manages vegetative period
1. water
Adopt fertilizer spreading tank drip irrigation permeator, the amount of drawing water of water pump used be 30 sides/hour, fertilizer spreading tank every mu ground irrigation amount 5 sides/mu/time;
First time waters: carry out after two ridge soil watering for the first time at once;
Second time is watered: blooms squaring period at potato plant, need to water the 2nd water, now will with fertile, administration of water soluble liquid fertilizer Nong Jigao;
Third time waters: in the later stage of buddingging, and mu irrigation amount strengthens, and 8 sides/mu, to be affixed by K simultaneously2SO45-6kg/ mu;
Water for fourth, fifth time: when without rainfall or rainfall amount little, keep the skin wet, consumption 5 sides/mu, is affixed by K2SO45-6kg/ mu;
2. the control of disease and pest
The primary prevention of the late blight of potato: the later stage is watered 15kg spraying with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 25g blooming, and uses liquid 40kg for every mu, sprays 2 times altogether later once every spray in 10 days;
Mid-term prevention and controls: if find late blight of potato plant, first time select Du Pont gram to reveal; Being watered 20kg to spray, second time sprays 72.2% Propamocarb of 800 times of liquid, and third time sprays the silver hair profit of 500 times of liquid, wherein mu consumption 70-80ml, generally continuous 3 times, every 7d once;
If meeting rainwater within spray medicine 12h, when blade does not hang the globule, again spray;
Late August, the enlarging agent spraying 800 times of liquid once, sprays once after 7d again;
Later stage insect pest mainly grain flea beetle, with 10% permethrin milk oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, every mu of use 100 grams, 1000 times of liquid sprayings.
2. Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S1, and deep ploughing degree of depth 25-30cm.
3. Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the potato seed chosen in described S2 is No. 11, Shanxi potato, Shanxi potato No. 16 or in vain pale reddish brown.
4. Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step S3 1. in fertilizer be calcium superphosphate 50kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu.
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| CN104396471A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-03-11 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Potato coverage fertilization drought-resisting mechanized cultivation method |
| CN104541894A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-29 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Southwest hilly area dry land purple potato cultivation method |
| CN105052474A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | A drip irrigation planting method for potatoes intercropped cottons |
| CN106561196A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Method of integration of water and fertilizer of potato greenhouse |
| CN107667596B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2020-11-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Tobacco field soil cultivation method for slope farmland |
| CN115226459A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2022-10-25 | 甘肃农业大学 | High-yield fertilization method for potatoes and under-mulch drip irrigation planting method for potatoes |
| CN110178852A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 重庆领直航科技有限公司 | The late blight of potato prevention and treatment composite drug and its application method |
| CN110972868A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所 | Potato cultivation method for expanding ridges and shrinking plants |
| CN113243269B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient breeding method and device for virus-free small seed potatoes of potatoes |
| CN113994860A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Seed potato quality control method |
| CN114303840A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for reducing incidence rate of hollowing of potato tubers |
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| CN101411274A (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-04-22 | 王俊斗 | High-yield planting method of potato |
| KR101040240B1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2011-06-09 | (주) 마이크로프랜츠 | Method for mass production of micro potato by bioreactor culture |
| RU2475015C2 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2013-02-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Бурятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. В.Р. Филиппова" | Method of potato cultivation on seedbeds |
| KR101346578B1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-01-06 | 춘천시 | Cultivation Method of Eco-Friendly Mini Potato and the Mini Potato cultivated by the same |
| CN103563607A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivating method for potatoes |
| CN103098643B (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-11-05 | 昭通市植保植检站 | Labor-saving cultivation method of dry land grain crops |
| CN103299810A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-18 | 永济市绿天土豆种植专业合作社 | High-yield potato cultivating method |
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