CN105052474A - A kind of drip irrigation planting method of potato interplanting cotton - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a drip irrigation planting method for interplanting potatoes and cotton, which is characterized in that the potatoes are planted when the ground temperature of 10cm is stable at 7-8 ℃, or in the middle or the last 3 months, the cotton is interplanted between rows of the potatoes in the first or middle April, drip irrigation facilities are paved between the rows of the potatoes, and no drip irrigation facility is paved between the rows of the cottonAvoids adverse effect of flood irrigation on cotton growth during symbiosis of cotton and potato, and reduces drip irrigation by 25-45m compared with common flood irrigation³The water irrigation quantity is increased, the commodity potato rate and the water utilization efficiency of the potatoes are improved, and the yield of the potatoes in unit land area is also increased.

Description

A kind of drip irrigation planting method of potato interplanting cotton

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation, and in particular relates to a water-saving irrigation planting method for interplanting potatoes with cotton.

Background technique

In North China, cotton has a broad planting base and is an important economic crop second only to wheat and corn. The planting area and output rank among the top in the country. In order to improve the economic benefits of cotton planting, cotton farmers generally adopt the intercropping mode of cotton and other crops. The interplanting of potatoes and cotton is a common interplanting method in the North China Plain. Due to the shortage of water resources in the North China Plain, potatoes need more water. Crops, especially in the tuber formation and expansion stages, are particularly sensitive to water requirements, and their total water consumption has also increased, which has exacerbated the shortage of water resources.

Drip irrigation technology has the characteristics of partial irrigation, less consumption, and high water use efficiency. By controlling the amount of irrigation water, the moisture condition of the soil where the crop root system is located is kept at an optimal state, which is not only conducive to crop growth, but also maintains soil nutrients. While realizing water-saving and high-yield of potatoes, it also slows down the conflict of water use among crops.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the economic benefits of cotton planting and alleviate the problem of lack of water resources in North China, and solve the water demand problem in the potato interplanting cotton planting mode by combining a new intercropping planting mode with irrigation technology.

The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in the following way: a drip irrigation planting method for interplanting potatoes with cotton, when the 10cm ground temperature is stable at 7-8°C or in early or mid-March to plant potatoes, and in early or mid-April between the rows of potatoes For interplanting cotton, drip irrigation facilities are laid between potato rows, and drip irrigation facilities are not laid between cotton rows.

Further, 150 cm in the planting area is a planting belt, the row spacing between potatoes is 40 cm, and the row spacing between cotton is 40 cm.

Further, potatoes are grown in ridges, and cotton is grown in flats, with a ridge height of 15-25 cm.

Further, the drip irrigation facility adopts a labyrinth drip irrigation belt or an inlaid drip irrigation pipe.

Further, the dripper flow rate of the drip irrigation facility is 1-2L/h, and the distance between the drippers is 25-35cm.

Further, the potatoes were drip-irrigated on the ridge during the tuber formation stage and the expansion stage.

Further, high-yield and excellent early-maturing virus-free varieties are selected for potatoes, and then the seed potatoes are accelerated to germinate, and cut into pieces and sowed when the sprouts are 1-1.5 cm long.

Ridge farming and flat farming described in the present invention are planting methods known to those skilled in the art. Ridge farming is a farming method for planting crops on soil above the ground, and flat farming is a farming method for directly cultivating crops on the land.

Compared with the prior art, the drip irrigation planting method of a kind of potato interplanting cotton of the present invention has the following advantages: avoid the adverse effect of flood irrigation on the growth of cotton, drip irrigation reduces 25-45m per acre ^than the common flood irrigation The amount of irrigation water improves the yield of potatoes The commercial potato rate and water use efficiency have also been improved, and the yield per unit land area has also been improved.

Description of drawings

The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of planting and irrigation mode of the present invention.

Description of drawings:

1-Cotton planting belt; 2-Potato planting belt; 3-Drip irrigation facilities.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific example, further set forth the present invention. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Specific embodiment one

Seed selection and seed treatment: select high-yielding and excellent early-maturing virus-free varieties, and place the selected seed potatoes in a large empty room with scattered light conditions at 12-15°C to germinate. When the buds are 1-1.5cm long, cut them into pieces and sow , Disinfect with 75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfectant when cutting seed potatoes to ensure that there are 1-2 bud eyes on each potato piece, and the weight of potato pieces should not be less than 30g. Cotton selection has early maturity and high yield , high-quality, disease-resistant, compact plant type, medium-to-small leaves, raised fruit branches, strong boll-setting, fast and concentrated boll opening.

Site selection and site preparation: Select land with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose soil quality, good permeability, rich organic matter content, close to water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, and conducive to mechanical operations. The plowing depth of the site is about 30-35cm. Ping, the base fertilizer is only applied once during the whole growth period of potatoes, the amount of fertilizer applied is 1500kg/hm ² of compound fertilizer, 600kg/hm ² of potassium sulfate, and the method of fertilization is base application during rotary tillage. Potatoes are grown in ridges with a height of 20cm.

Sowing: Sowing is carried out on March 10, the sowing depth is generally about 8-10cm, the sowing water of potatoes is furrow irrigation, the tuber formation period and the expansion period are all used drip irrigation on the ridge, the sowing method is machine sowing, the sowing row spacing is 40cm, and the density is the variety Half of the suitable planting density, apply herbicides and spread mulch after sowing; cotton is artificially sown on April 10, planted between two ridges of potatoes, every 150cm in the planting area is a planting belt, the row spacing of potatoes is 40cm, and the cotton The line spacing is 40cm.

Laying of drip irrigation facilities: The drip irrigation facilities are laid between the potatoes in each ridge. The drip irrigation facilities adopt a labyrinth drip irrigation belt or an inlaid drip irrigation pipe. 1.0L/h, the distance between the drippers is 30cm.

Field management: After the potato seedlings have emerged, check the seedlings and replenish them in time. During the entire growth period, intertillage should be carried out 2 to 3 times. The first intertillage should be carried out when the seedling height is 6 cm. Underground stolons have not yet formed at this stage, and deep plowing can be carried out. After 10 days of cultivating and cultivating the soil, carry out the second cultivating and cultivating the soil. The third time is combined with cultivating the soil at the budding stage. Reasonable shallow plowing to avoid damage to the stolons. , It is better to cultivate the soil in intertillage when watering. Spray foliar fertilizer and multi-effect fertilizer once during the tuber expansion period, which is mainly used to increase the nutrition of potatoes in the later stage and regulate the growth of potatoes to prevent them from growing too vigorously.

Because the basal fertilizer has been applied before planting potatoes, the cotton no longer applies basal fertilizer, and topdresses once in the early budding stage and the flowering and boll stage respectively, and the Stanley compound fertilizer 375kg/ hm ² , 225kg/hm ² of urea with a total N content ≥ 46%, and 180 kg/hm ² of urea with a total N content ≥ 46% at the flowering and boll stage.

Reasonably chemically regulate cotton: at the 2nd to 3rd leaf stage, use 15g/hm2 of ^mepipeptide to promote the formation of roots, strong seedlings, and early buds; hm ² , control the elongation of the internodes of the middle and lower main stems and the lower fruit branches, spray 45g/hm ² of benzylamine before topping, spray 120g/hm ² of benzylamine 7 to 10 days after topping, and do a good job of pruning cotton in time Pruning work, improving ventilation conditions in the field, strengthening the control of diseases and insect pests, and ethephon can be used to accelerate the ripening of cotton fields with many late-maturing autumn peaches that cannot be turned out in a timely manner.

Effect test

The planting method and field management of common flood irrigation are the same as embodiment one.

The comparison between Example 1 and ordinary flood irrigation was used for the effect test. In this drip irrigation planting pattern, the irrigation volume of the whole growth period was 600m ³ /hm ² , the output was 25756kg/hm ² , and the water consumption was 7672m ³ /hm ² . The irrigation volume of the whole growth period in the planting mode is 1125m ³ /hm ² , the yield is 23601kg/hm ² , and the water consumption is 8109m ³ /hm ² , it can be seen that the planting mode of Example 1 has higher yield than the common flood irrigation , less water consumption, high water use efficiency and other advantages.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (7)

1. the drip irrigation implantation methods that grows cotton of an interplanting potato, it is characterized in that: carry out plantation potato when 10cm ground temperature is stabilized in 7-8 DEG C or early March or the middle ten days, the first tenday period of a month in April or the middle ten days grow cotton at the cover that in the ranks carries out of potato, and drip irrigation facility is laid on potato in the ranks.

2. the drip irrigation implantation methods that grows cotton of interplanting potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described planting area, every 150cm is a growth belt, and the line-spacing of potato is 40cm, and the line-spacing of cotton is 40cm.

3. the drip irrigation implantation methods that grows cotton of interplanting potato according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: potato adopts ridge culture, and cotton adopts flat work, and ridge height is 15-25cm.

4. the drip irrigation implantation methods that grows cotton of interplanting potato according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described drip irrigation facility adopts labyrinth type drip irrigation tape or systemic transferring.

5. the drip irrigation implantation methods that the interplanting potato according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 grows cotton, is characterized in that: the dripping end flow of described drip irrigation facility is 1-2L/h, and dripper spacing is 25-35cm.

6. the drip irrigation implantation methods that grows cotton of interplanting potato according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described potato all adopts drip irrigation on ridge at tuber initiation stage and expanding stage.

7. the drip irrigation implantation methods that the interplanting potato according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 6 grows cotton, is characterized in that: the precocious detoxification kind that described potato selects high yield excellent, then carries out vernalization to potato seed, when bud long 1-1.5cm, carries out stripping and slicing sowing.