CN103749107A - Three-dimensional high-efficient culture method for greenhouse winter-spring cucumber - Google Patents
Three-dimensional high-efficient culture method for greenhouse winter-spring cucumber Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749107A CN103749107A CN201310641013.2A CN201310641013A CN103749107A CN 103749107 A CN103749107 A CN 103749107A CN 201310641013 A CN201310641013 A CN 201310641013A CN 103749107 A CN103749107 A CN 103749107A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional high-efficient culture method for greenhouse winter-spring cucumber. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a variety, wherein the variety adopted in a main planting line is a high-yield and disease-resistant excellent variety, can be an early-maturing variety or a late-maturing variety, and the early-maturing variety is required in case of line adding; selecting a proper seeding period according to crops for rotation, wherein the proper seeding period ranges from the last ten days of September to the early to mid of October during culture of over winter crops, sowing and seedling raising are generally performed from the mid of November to the mid of January the next year in an early spring daylight greenhouse during greenhouse cultivation, cores are picked when line-added cucumber grows with 12 leaves, growth is controlled till dwarfing, 3-4 cucumbers are reserved on each dwarfed plant, and small brackets are erected for performing culture management and are removed immediately after the 3-4 cucumbers are picked.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to plant cultivation field, specifically a kind of greenhouse winter-spring cucumber tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
Cucumber, another name cucumber, king's melon, green cucumber, the annual climber plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis.Cucumber is nutritious, smell delicate fragrance, eat raw, prepared food all can, can also be processed into pickles, pickles etc.Be that the people of the world likes one of vegetables of food, variety type is abundant in addition, and adaptability is stronger, so be widely distributed.
Cucumber height seedling vertical cultivation is on the basis of conventional cultivation, with the main cultivation row of former cultivation behavior, between main cultivation row, adds row dense planting, increases density in early stage, and prunes to adding to plant to go, to improve early yield.Practice shows, this planting type can make the gross yield of cucumber increase by 30%, and the gross output value increases by 40%, and land utilization rate improves 40%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse winter-spring cucumber tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row is high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and must use early-maturing variety;
In greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, the flat furrow of long 5 meters, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, in every furrow, spread 30~40 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, add 1 ~ 2 kilogram of 200 kilograms of superphosphate, 15 kilograms, magnesium sulfate, 3 kilograms, iron sulfate, 3 kilograms, zinc sulphate, borax or boric acid, trace element will mix rear use with fertilizer, and fertilizer is ploughed deeply soil after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, and can add lime to carry out watering moisture creating leveling rake in fact after vexed canopy sterilization, fill with permeable;
Seed treatment: seed airing: bask seeds before sowing 1~2 day, promote seed recovery, cucumber seeds scalds and plants 20 minutes with 55 ℃ of hot water, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, with the 50% carbendazim seed soaking of 500 times 1 hour, or 500 times of potassium permanganate liquids seed soaking 25 minutes, after taking-up, with clear water, rinse clean, with 25~30 ℃ of water soakings, after 5~6 hours, carry out vernalization again; Drain the surface of the seed moisture, with clean wet towel parcel seed, cucumber seeds is placed in vernalization under the temperature condition of 25~28 ℃, and bud all sprouted about 24 hours.In vernalization process, when part seed appears radicle, be placed under 0~2 ℃ of condition and process 4~6 hours, with well water immersion 10~20 minutes, after taking-up, get rid of water purification and divide continuation vernalization, can improve seedling resistance;
Graft technology: grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, cucumber, than stock 5 ~ 6 d sowings in advance, carries out grafting during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, during grafting, first remove pumpkin growing point, and on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5 ~ 10 mm places by the tiltedly partial application from bottom to top of 35 ° of angles, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted to the incision of stock, fix with Grafting clip, cucumber cotyledons is pressed in above squash cotyledons, after grafting survival, cuts off scion basal part of stem
Management after grafting: will carry out the slow seedling of shading after grafting in 1 week, on 25 ℃ ~ 27 ℃ of later daytimes, be 14 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ night, ground temperature, more than 20 ℃, when 5 true leaves of the 1st true leaf to the are top, is grasped the day and night larger temperature difference.15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, gradually be down to after midnight 8 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ by 16 ℃ night, before field planting, 7 ~ 10 d carry out rice shoot cold acclimation, make it adapt to the day and night large environment of the temperature difference of Winter-Spring greenhouse by solar heat, 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ of nights, face front 3 ~ 5 d of field planting, night, temperature can drop to 5 ℃ ~ 6 ℃, so that 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ cold acclimations of short time, can spray the polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of 2 ~ 3 300 times of liquid seedling stage
Planting type: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, while surviving the winter stubble cultivation, be that the last ten-days period in September are to early and middle ten days in October suitable sowing time, early spring, greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation be conventionally at seeding and seedling raising in 1 middle of the month of 11 middle of the month to next year, 2 plantation densities: adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, 20 ~ 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting; When adding capable cucumber and grow to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, to control growth it is downgraded, 3 ~ 4 cucumber are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, and a little cultivation management, after these 3 ~ 4 melons are gathered, pull out immediately and add row;
Knot melon period management: temperature treatment, the 20 d cucumber that start to tie melon should be tied melon long seedling again, in management, should slightly be partial to short seedling, for containing the melon phase, lay the first stone, now adopt normal temperature management, 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ of fine day mornings on daytime, 16 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ of nights, contain the melon phase by 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ of daytimes, 18 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ of the first half of the night, 14 ℃ after midnight ~ 12 ℃ management, can make to tie melon quantity and speed is obviously accelerated, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for the 1st time is when root melon expands, be that most of field planting strain root melon has 15 cm left and right, according to general every 6 ~ 7 d of weather condition, water 1 water later, 15 ~ 20 d chase after fertilizer 1 time, every 667 m
2each with ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30 kg, 1 polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of best 7 ~ 10 d sprays, improves disease resistance,
Cucumber of Major Diseases has downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, will adopt four sections of alternating temperature administrative skills in cultivation, carries out bionomic control; At the initial stage of a disease, downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, and 72.2% generally makes every effort to overcome the chemical controls such as aqua, also can be with 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; Powdery mildew can be with chemical controls such as 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Bacterial angular leaf spot can be with chemical controls such as 30%DT or agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycins.Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can 30~40 order fly nets be set at all ventilating openings, hangs insect-catching plate and trap and kill in canopy, and medicament can be prevented and treated with 10% Imidacloprid or 10% buprofezin missible oil etc.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse winter-spring cucumber tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row is high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and must use early-maturing variety;
In greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, the flat furrow of long 5 meters, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, in every furrow, spread 30~40 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, add 1 ~ 2 kilogram of 200 kilograms of superphosphate, 15 kilograms, magnesium sulfate, 3 kilograms, iron sulfate, 3 kilograms, zinc sulphate, borax or boric acid, trace element will mix rear use with fertilizer, and fertilizer is ploughed deeply soil after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, and can add lime to carry out watering moisture creating leveling rake in fact after vexed canopy sterilization, fill with permeable;
Seed treatment: seed airing: bask seeds before sowing 1~2 day, promote seed recovery, cucumber seeds scalds and plants 20 minutes with 55 ℃ of hot water, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, with the 50% carbendazim seed soaking of 500 times 1 hour, or 500 times of potassium permanganate liquids seed soaking 25 minutes, after taking-up, with clear water, rinse clean, with 25~30 ℃ of water soakings, after 5~6 hours, carry out vernalization again; Drain the surface of the seed moisture, with clean wet towel parcel seed, cucumber seeds is placed in vernalization under the temperature condition of 25~28 ℃, and bud all sprouted about 24 hours.In vernalization process, when part seed appears radicle, be placed under 0~2 ℃ of condition and process 4~6 hours, with well water immersion 10~20 minutes, after taking-up, get rid of water purification and divide continuation vernalization, can improve seedling resistance;
Graft technology: grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, cucumber, than stock 5 ~ 6 d sowings in advance, carries out grafting during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, during grafting, first remove pumpkin growing point, and on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5 ~ 10 mm places by the tiltedly partial application from bottom to top of 35 ° of angles, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted to the incision of stock, fix with Grafting clip, cucumber cotyledons is pressed in above squash cotyledons, after grafting survival, cuts off scion basal part of stem
Management after grafting: will carry out the slow seedling of shading after grafting in 1 week, on 25 ℃ ~ 27 ℃ of later daytimes, be 14 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ night, ground temperature, more than 20 ℃, when 5 true leaves of the 1st true leaf to the are top, is grasped the day and night larger temperature difference.15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, gradually be down to after midnight 8 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ by 16 ℃ night, before field planting, 7 ~ 10 d carry out rice shoot cold acclimation, make it adapt to the day and night large environment of the temperature difference of Winter-Spring greenhouse by solar heat, 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ of nights, face front 3 ~ 5 d of field planting, night, temperature can drop to 5 ℃ ~ 6 ℃, so that 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ cold acclimations of short time, can spray the polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of 2 ~ 3 300 times of liquid seedling stage
Planting type: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, while surviving the winter stubble cultivation, be that the last ten-days period in September are to early and middle ten days in October suitable sowing time, early spring, greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation be conventionally at seeding and seedling raising in 1 middle of the month of 11 middle of the month to next year, 2 plantation densities: adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, 20 ~ 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting; When adding capable cucumber and grow to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, to control growth it is downgraded, 3 ~ 4 cucumber are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, and a little cultivation management, after these 3 ~ 4 melons are gathered, pull out immediately and add row;
Knot melon period management: temperature treatment, the 20 d cucumber that start to tie melon should be tied melon long seedling again, in management, should slightly be partial to short seedling, for containing the melon phase, lay the first stone, now adopt normal temperature management, 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ of fine day mornings on daytime, 16 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ of nights, contain the melon phase by 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ of daytimes, 18 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ of the first half of the night, 14 ℃ after midnight ~ 12 ℃ management, can make to tie melon quantity and speed is obviously accelerated, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for the 1st time is when root melon expands, be that most of field planting strain root melon has 15 cm left and right, according to general every 6 ~ 7 d of weather condition, water 1 water later, 15 ~ 20 d chase after fertilizer 1 time, every 667 m
2each with ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30 kg, 1 polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of best 7 ~ 10 d sprays, improves disease resistance,
Cucumber of Major Diseases has downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, will adopt four sections of alternating temperature administrative skills in cultivation, carries out bionomic control; At the initial stage of a disease, downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, and 72.2% generally makes every effort to overcome the chemical controls such as aqua, also can be with 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; Powdery mildew can be with chemical controls such as 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Bacterial angular leaf spot can be with chemical controls such as 30%DT or agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycins.Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can 30~40 order fly nets be set at all ventilating openings, hangs insect-catching plate and trap and kill in canopy, and medicament can be prevented and treated with 10% Imidacloprid or 10% buprofezin missible oil etc.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction; The those of ordinary skill of all industry all can by specification described in and implement swimmingly the present invention; But all those skilled in the art are not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, can utilize disclosed above technology contents and a little change, the modification of making and the equivalent variations developing, be equivalent embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, the change of any equivalent variations that all foundations essence technology of the present invention is done above embodiment, modification and differentiation etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a greenhouse winter-spring cucumber tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row is high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and must use early-maturing variety;
In greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, the flat furrow of long 5 meters, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, in every furrow, spread 30~40 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, add 1 ~ 2 kilogram of 200 kilograms of superphosphate, 15 kilograms, magnesium sulfate, 3 kilograms, iron sulfate, 3 kilograms, zinc sulphate, borax or boric acid, trace element will mix rear use with fertilizer, and fertilizer is ploughed deeply soil after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, and can add lime to carry out watering moisture creating leveling rake in fact after vexed canopy sterilization, fill with permeable;
Seed treatment: seed airing: bask seeds before sowing 1~2 day, promote seed recovery, cucumber seeds scalds and plants 20 minutes with 55 ℃ of hot water, after washing by rubbing with the hands totally, with the 50% carbendazim seed soaking of 500 times 1 hour, or 500 times of potassium permanganate liquids seed soaking 25 minutes, after taking-up, with clear water, rinse clean, with 25~30 ℃ of water soakings, after 5~6 hours, carry out vernalization again; Drain the surface of the seed moisture, with clean wet towel parcel seed, cucumber seeds is placed in vernalization under the temperature condition of 25~28 ℃, and bud all sprouted about 24 hours; In vernalization process, when part seed appears radicle, be placed under 0~2 ℃ of condition and process 4~6 hours, with well water immersion 10~20 minutes, after taking-up, get rid of water purification and divide continuation vernalization, can improve seedling resistance;
Graft technology: grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, cucumber, than stock 5 ~ 6 d sowings in advance, carries out grafting during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, during grafting, first remove pumpkin growing point, and on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5 ~ 10 mm places by the tiltedly partial application from bottom to top of 35 ° of angles, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted to the incision of stock, fix with Grafting clip, cucumber cotyledons is pressed in above squash cotyledons, after grafting survival, cuts off scion basal part of stem
Management after grafting: will carry out the slow seedling of shading after grafting in 1 week, on 25 ℃ ~ 27 ℃ of later daytimes, be 14 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ night, ground temperature, more than 20 ℃, when 5 true leaves of the 1st true leaf to the are top, is grasped the day and night larger temperature difference; 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, gradually be down to after midnight 8 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ by 16 ℃ night, before field planting, 7 ~ 10 d carry out rice shoot cold acclimation, make it adapt to the day and night large environment of the temperature difference of Winter-Spring greenhouse by solar heat, 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ of daytimes, 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ of nights, face front 3 ~ 5 d of field planting, night, temperature can drop to 5 ℃ ~ 6 ℃, so that 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ cold acclimations of short time, can spray the polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of 2 ~ 3 300 times of liquid seedling stage
Planting type: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, while surviving the winter stubble cultivation, be that the last ten-days period in September are to early and middle ten days in October suitable sowing time, early spring, greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation be conventionally at seeding and seedling raising in 1 middle of the month of 11 middle of the month to next year, 2 plantation densities: adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, 20 ~ 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting; When adding capable cucumber and grow to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, to control growth it is downgraded, 3 ~ 4 cucumber are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, and a little cultivation management, after these 3 ~ 4 melons are gathered, pull out immediately and add row;
Knot melon period management: temperature treatment, the 20 d cucumber that start to tie melon should be tied melon long seedling again, in management, should slightly be partial to short seedling, for containing the melon phase, lay the first stone, now adopt normal temperature management, 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ of fine day mornings on daytime, 16 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ of nights, contain the melon phase by 25 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ of daytimes, 18 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ of the first half of the night, 14 ℃ after midnight ~ 12 ℃ management, can make to tie melon quantity and speed is obviously accelerated, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for the 1st time is when root melon expands, be that most of field planting strain root melon has 15 cm left and right, according to general every 6 ~ 7 d of weather condition, water 1 water later, 15 ~ 20 d chase after fertilizer 1 time, every 667 m
2each with ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30 kg, 1 polynary compound potassium dihydrogen of best 7 ~ 10 d sprays, improves disease resistance,
Cucumber of Major Diseases has downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, will adopt four sections of alternating temperature administrative skills in cultivation, carries out bionomic control; At the initial stage of a disease, downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, and 72.2% generally makes every effort to overcome the chemical controls such as aqua, also can be with 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; Powdery mildew can be with chemical controls such as 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Bacterial angular leaf spot can be with chemical controls such as 30%DT or agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycins; Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can 30~40 order fly nets be set at all ventilating openings, hangs insect-catching plate and trap and kill in canopy, and medicament can be prevented and treated with 10% Imidacloprid or 10% buprofezin missible oil etc.
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CN104025759A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-10 | 和县绿丰种业有限公司 | Cucumber seed germination accelerating method |
CN104145727A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | Pollution-free cucumber grafting planting method |
CN104186162A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 太仓市丰缘农场专业合作社 | Yield-increase and disease-resistant planting method for cucumbers in solar greenhouse |
CN104186193A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-10 | 张家港市现代农业投资有限公司 | Method for three-dimensionally and efficiently planting winter-spring cucumbers in greenhouse |
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CN104429509A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Method for pre-cultivation management of solar greenhouse winter-crossing cucumbers |
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