CN104255259A

CN104255259A - Method for cultivating eggplant by using vinegar residue substrate

Info

Publication number: CN104255259A
Application number: CN201410505712.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王慧
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-09-28
Filing date: 2014-09-28
Publication date: 2015-01-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating an eggplant by using a vinegar residue substrate. The method comprises the following steps of: production of the vinegar residue substrate, including, the procedures of preparing raw materials, adding bacteria and mixing, stacking for fermentation, and finishing preparation, and specifically including the procedures of forming a flat low-lying land of 1 m in width, 5 m in length and 20 cm in height of the low-laying land ridge thereof, scattering 30-40 kg of the vinegar residue substrate in the low-laying land, flattening and raking in an impact manner, and irrigating sufficient water; seed airing of airing seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and selecting a suitable sowing period based on crops for rotation, wherein the suitable sowing period for over-wintering stubble cultivation is from the last ten-day of Sep. to early to mid-Oct., and the suitable sowing and seedling raising period for early-spring sunlight greenhouse and greenhouse cultivation is usually from the middle ten days of Nov. to the middle ten days of Jan. in next year; 2-plantation density of adopting an eggplant row-adding intensive technology with the row distance of the main cultivating row of 1-1.2 m, the strain distance of 20-30 cm and about 2200 seedlings in each mu.

Description

A kind of method of vinegar residue substrate cultivation eggplant

Technical field

The present invention relates to implantation methods, particularly relate to the method for a kind of vinegar residue substrate cultivation eggplant.

Background technology

Along with developing rapidly of facilities horticulture, organic group Quality Research, development and application have also been obtained larger promotion, day by day become the important medium type of facilities horticulture crop genetics.Organic substrate stable in properties, buffer capacity are strong, and organic mass cultivation equipment is simple, small investment, technology are easily grasped, and can effectively avoid soil-borne disease, overcome continuous cropping obstacle.

In recent years; along with the fast development of organic substrate soilless culture and industrial hole plate seedling growth technology; growing to the demand of light cultivation, seedling medium; in addition the peat composed of rotten mosses is the exhaustion of non-renewable resources, in the urgent need to development and utilization wide material sources, the cheap new medium being convenient to again large-scale production.Vinegar grain is the residue after utilizing grain raw material (rice, wheat, Chinese sorghum etc.) to produce vinegar.Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, as rice vinegar, Zao Cuzhi township, all will produce a large amount of vinegar grains every year.In recent years, vinegar grain was except as feed, culture medium of edible fungus, can developing the organic substrate for horticultural crop cultivation.But utilize vinegar residue substrate and vermiculite, peat composed of rotten mosses mixture as research material, inquire into its effect in the cultivation of fruit type eggplant, few people's report so far.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of vinegar residue substrate to cultivate the method for eggplant, for eggplant spray provides suitable growing environment, improves survival rate, shortens cultivation period.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: (1) first digs the planting furrow that 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark planting on ground, or digs the planting hole that 50cm is long, 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark; At the non-woven fabrics of planting furrow wall and bottom place mat microporous permeable, separate with the non-woven fabrics of plastic film by planting furrow wall; In the planting furrow of place mat non-woven fabrics, cover the dark vinegar residue substrate of 20cm, then in planting furrow, fill out Nutrition Soil 40-50cm;

(2) seed treatment: do wide 1 meter in greenhouse, the flat furrow of long 5 meters, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, spreads 30 ~ 40 kilograms of vinegar residue substrate in every furrow, and leveling rake is real, fills with permeable; Seed airing: bask seeds before sowing 1 ~ 2 day, promote seed recovery, eggplant seed scalds with 55 DEG C of hot water plants 20 minutes, wash by rubbing with the hands totally, soak seed 1 hour with 50% carbendazim of 500 times, or 500 times of potassium permanganate liquids are soaked seed 25 minutes, rinse with clear water clean after taking-up, after 5 ~ 6 hours, vernalization is carried out again with 25 ~ 30 DEG C of water soakings; Drain the surface of the seed moisture, with clean wet towel parcel seed, eggplant seed is placed in vernalization under the temperature condition of 25 ~ 28 DEG C, 24 hours all sprout bud, in pregermination procedure, when Some seeds appears radicle, 4 ~ 6 hours are processed under being placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of condition, soak 10 ~ 20 minutes with well water, get rid of water purification after taking-up and divide continuation vernalization, seedling resistance can be improved;

(3) eggplant cultivation: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, during stubble of surviving the winter cultivation, suitable sowing time is that late September is to early and middle ten days in October, early spring greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation usually at seeding and seedling raising mid-January in mid-November to next year, 2 plantation densities: adopt eggplant add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 30 centimetres, about every mu of 2200 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the main centre planting row, every mu of 2000 ~ 2200 strains of planting, when adding capable eggplant and growing to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, control growth and make it downgrade, 3 ~ 4 eggplants are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, and a little frame cultivation management, after these 3 ~ 4 melons are gathered, will pull out immediately and add row, grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, eggplant shifts to an earlier date 5 ~ 6d sowing than stock, grafting is carried out during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, first pumpkin grows point is removed during grafting, and by the tiltedly partial application from bottom to top of 35 ° of angles on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5 ~ 10mm place, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted the incision of stock, fix with Grafting clip, eggplant cotyledon is made to be pressed in above squash cotyledons, scion basal part of stem is cut off after grafting survival, shading to be carried out in 1 week after grafting and delay seedling, later daytime 25 DEG C ~ 27 DEG C, night is 14 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, ground temperature is more than 20 DEG C, when 1st true leaf is top to the 5th true leaf, grasp the day and night larger temperature difference, daytime 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, night is down to 8 DEG C after midnight ~ 12 DEG C gradually by 16 DEG C, before field planting, 7 ~ 10d carries out rice shoot cold acclimation, it is made to adapt to the Winter-Spring greenhouse by solar heat environment that day and night temperature difference is large, daytime 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, night 10 DEG C ~ 12 DEG C, face 3 ~ 5d before field planting, night, temperature can drop to 5 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C, so that 1 DEG C ~ 2 DEG C cold acclimations of short time, the multiple elements design potassium dihydrogen of 2 ~ 3 300 times of liquid can be sprayed seedling stage,

(4) melon period management is tied: temperature treatment, the 20d eggplant starting to tie melon should tie melon long seedling again, management should slightly be partial to short seedling, lay the first stone for containing the melon phase, now adopt normal temperature management, fine day morning on daytime 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, night 16 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, contain the melon phase by daytime 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, the first half of the night 18 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, 14 DEG C after midnight ~ 12 DEG C management, knot melon quantity and speed can be made obviously to accelerate, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for 1st time is when root melon expands, namely most of field planting strain root melon has about 15cm, later according to weather condition generally every 6 ~ 7d water 1 water, 15 ~ 20d chases after 1 fertilizer, every 667m2 uses ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30kg at every turn, best 7 ~ 10d sprays 1 multiple elements design potassium dihydrogen, improves disease resistance,

(5) plant disease management: eggplant Major Diseases has downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, will adopt four sections of alternating temperature administrative skills, carry out bionomic control in cultivation; At the initial stage of a disease, downy mildew can with 72% Du Pont gram dew or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, and 72.2% generally makes every effort to overcome the chemical controls such as aqua, also can with 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation; Gray mold can with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; Powdery mildew can with 40% Du Pont's lucky star or the chemical control such as 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Bacterial angular leaf spot can with chemical controls such as 30%DT or agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycins.Insect pest is aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc. mainly, can arrange 30 ~ 40 order fly nets at all ventilating openings, and hang insect-catching plate in canopy and trap and kill, medicament can be prevented and treated with 10% Imidacloprid or 10% buprofezin missible oil etc.

Embodiment

A method for vinegar residue substrate cultivation eggplant, comprises the following steps:

First dig the planting furrow that 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark planting on ground, or dig the planting hole that 50cm is long, 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark; At the non-woven fabrics of planting furrow wall and bottom place mat microporous permeable, separate with the non-woven fabrics of plastic film by planting furrow wall; In the planting furrow of place mat non-woven fabrics, cover the dark vinegar residue substrate of 20cm, then in planting furrow, fill out Nutrition Soil 40-50cm;

Vinegar residue substrate is produced: comprise raw material preparation---adds bacterium mixing---fermentation reactor system---finished product process composition, the original vinegar grain employing press filtration mechanism filter-pressing of the association by product water content 72-75% first brewing edible vinegar production process obtained in raw material preparation process is the raw material vinegar grain of 60-65% to water content, and the vinegar leached grain water indwelling subsequent handling is for subsequent use, adopt the raw material vinegar grain accounting for percentage by weight 90-92% for major ingredient, the acidity-basicity ph of percentage by weight 8-10% higher than 9, potassium content is auxiliary material higher than the ash of 7%, mixes the fermentation materials of rear composition acidity-basicity ph 6.0-7.0, add the fermented bacterium adding in bacterium mixed processes and account for fermentation materials percentage by weight 0.1-0.2%, fermentation reactor system operation is made up of fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed after once main aerobic fermentation, secondary, become thoroughly decomposed after secondary and when fermenting, add the vermiculite of percentage by weight 6-8%, the perlite of 10-15%, the vinegar grain water leached in the mushroom slag of 15-20% and raw material preparation process, fermentation materials water content is made to reach 38-42% after mixing, a described main fermentation refers to having ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, by add bacterium mix after fermentation materials heap in heapsly rise 1-2 rice, the rectangular bar buttress of heap bottom width 2-3 rice, when piling Nei Wenduda 65-75 DEG C, summer and autumn once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes throwing machine tool to carry out throwing to fermentation materials every other day and raises and turn over buttress, summer and autumn is through 15-25 days, winter-spring season is through 25-35 days, until temperature starts to decline in fermentation product stockpile, for completing a main fermentation processes when water content drops to 28-32%, described secondary after fermentation refers to there being ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, first adds the vermiculite, the perlite of 10-15%, the mushroom slag of 15-20% that account for the fermentation materials percentage by weight 6-8% after a main fermentation, add the vinegar grain water leached in raw material preparation process again, make fermentation materials water content reach 38-42%, after mixing, fermentation materials is piled the rectangular bar buttress rising 2-3 rice, heap bottom width 4-5 rice, summer and autumn through 15-25 days, winter-spring season is through 25-35 days, until temperature no longer rises in fermentation product stockpile, identical with environmental temperature, and fermentation product stockpile relative superiority or inferiority fall reach three/for the moment till,

Seed treatment: do wide 1 meter in greenhouse, the flat furrow of long 5 meters, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, spreads 30 ~ 40 kilograms of vinegar residue substrate in every furrow, and leveling rake is real, fills with permeable; Seed airing: bask seeds before sowing 1 ~ 2 day, promote seed recovery, eggplant seed scalds with 55 DEG C of hot water plants 20 minutes, wash by rubbing with the hands totally, soak seed 1 hour with 50% carbendazim of 500 times, or 500 times of potassium permanganate liquids are soaked seed 25 minutes, rinse with clear water clean after taking-up, after 5 ~ 6 hours, vernalization is carried out again with 25 ~ 30 DEG C of water soakings; Drain the surface of the seed moisture, with clean wet towel parcel seed, eggplant seed is placed in vernalization under the temperature condition of 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and 24 hours all sprout bud.In pregermination procedure, when Some seeds appears radicle, process 4 ~ 6 hours under being placed in 0 ~ 2 DEG C of condition, soak 10 ~ 20 minutes with well water, get rid of water purification after taking-up and divide continuation vernalization, seedling resistance can be improved;

Eggplant is cultivated:: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, during stubble of surviving the winter cultivation, suitable sowing time is that late September is to early and middle ten days in October, early spring greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation usually at seeding and seedling raising mid-January in mid-November to next year, 2 plantation densities: adopt eggplant add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 30 centimetres, about every mu of 2200 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the main centre planting row, every mu of 2000 ~ 2200 strains of planting, when adding capable eggplant and growing to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, control growth and make it downgrade, 3 ~ 4 eggplants are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, and a little frame cultivation management, after these 3 ~ 4 melons are gathered, will pull out immediately and add row, grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, eggplant shifts to an earlier date 5 ~ 6d sowing than stock, grafting is carried out during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, first pumpkin grows point is removed during grafting, and by the tiltedly partial application from bottom to top of 35 ° of angles on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5 ~ 10mm place, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted the incision of stock, fix with Grafting clip, eggplant cotyledon is made to be pressed in above squash cotyledons, scion basal part of stem is cut off after grafting survival, shading to be carried out in 1 week after grafting and delay seedling, later daytime 25 DEG C ~ 27 DEG C, night is 14 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, ground temperature is more than 20 DEG C, when 1st true leaf is top to the 5th true leaf, grasp the day and night larger temperature difference, daytime 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, night is down to 8 DEG C after midnight ~ 12 DEG C gradually by 16 DEG C, before field planting, 7 ~ 10d carries out rice shoot cold acclimation, it is made to adapt to the Winter-Spring greenhouse by solar heat environment that day and night temperature difference is large, daytime 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, night 10 DEG C ~ 12 DEG C, face 3 ~ 5d before field planting, night, temperature can drop to 5 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C, so that 1 DEG C ~ 2 DEG C cold acclimations of short time, the multiple elements design potassium dihydrogen of 2 ~ 3 300 times of liquid can be sprayed seedling stage,

Knot melon period management: temperature treatment, the 20d eggplant starting to tie melon should tie melon long seedling again, management should slightly be partial to short seedling, lay the first stone for containing the melon phase, now adopt normal temperature management, fine day morning on daytime 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, night 16 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, contain the melon phase by daytime 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, the first half of the night 18 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, 14 DEG C after midnight ~ 12 DEG C management, knot melon quantity and speed can be made obviously to accelerate, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for 1st time is when root melon expands, namely most of field planting strain root melon has about 15cm, later according to weather condition generally every 6 ~ 7d water 1 water, 15 ~ 20d chases after 1 fertilizer, every 667m ²each ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30kg, best 7 ~ 10d sprays 1 multiple elements design potassium dihydrogen, improves disease resistance,

Plant disease management: eggplant Major Diseases has downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, will adopt four sections of alternating temperature administrative skills, carry out bionomic control in cultivation; At the initial stage of a disease, downy mildew can with 72% Du Pont gram dew or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, and 72.2% generally makes every effort to overcome the chemical controls such as aqua, also can with 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation; Gray mold can with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; Powdery mildew can with 40% Du Pont's lucky star or the chemical control such as 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Bacterial angular leaf spot can with chemical controls such as 30%DT or agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycins.Insect pest is aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc. mainly, can arrange 30 ~ 40 order fly nets at all ventilating openings, and hang insect-catching plate in canopy and trap and kill, medicament can be prevented and treated with 10% Imidacloprid or 10% buprofezin missible oil etc.

Claims

1. a method for vinegar residue substrate cultivation eggplant, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) first dig the planting furrow that 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark planting on ground, or dig the planting hole that 50cm is long, 50cm is wide, 70cm is dark; At the non-woven fabrics of planting furrow wall and bottom place mat microporous permeable, separate with the non-woven fabrics of plastic film by planting furrow wall; In the planting furrow of place mat non-woven fabrics, cover the dark vinegar residue substrate of 20cm, then in planting furrow, fill out Nutrition Soil 40-50cm;

(2) seed treatment: first eggplant kind is immersed 4 hours in 13 ~ 15 DEG C of warm water, pull out in rear dress cloth bag, insert-5 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled storages 8 ~ 10 hours, taking-up cold water is slow to be opened, and puts into basin or bottle, high temperature vernalization after control water purification, low temperature refining bud, seed after cold storage is placed in vernalization under 30 ~ 35 DEG C of high temperature, after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally 2 hours, drops to 20 DEG C of refining buds 20 hours;

(3) eggplant cultivation: according to crops for rotation, select suitable sowing time, during stubble of surviving the winter cultivation, suitable sowing time is that late September is to early and middle ten days in October, early spring greenhouse by solar heat and greenhouse cultivation usually at seeding and seedling raising mid-January in mid-November to next year, within before field planting 10 ~ 15 days, carry out low temperature hardening, day temperature drops to less than 20 DEG C, drop to less than 10 DEG C night, seedling keeps 25 ~ 30 DEG C of short slow seedlings after dividing seedling, after slow seedling, canopy room temperature remains on about 25 DEG C daytime, control night at 13 ~ 15 DEG C, promote eggplant robust growth 2 plantation density: adopt eggplant to add row dense planting technology, main line-spacing of planting row is 1 ~ 1.2 meter, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 30 centimetres, about every mu of 2200 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, adding row plants in the main centre planting row, every mu of 2000 ~ 2200 strains of planting, when adding capable eggplant and growing to 12 leaves, extract the top heart, control growth and make it downgrade, 3 ~ 4 eggplants are stayed in the every strain of dwarfed plant, a little frame cultivation management,

(4) melon period management is tied: temperature treatment, the 20d eggplant starting to tie melon should tie melon long seedling again, management should slightly be partial to short seedling, lay the first stone for containing the melon phase, now adopt normal temperature management, fine day morning on daytime 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, night 16 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, contain the melon phase by daytime 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, the first half of the night 18 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C, 14 DEG C after midnight ~ 12 DEG C management, knot melon quantity and speed can be made obviously to accelerate, the optimum period of watering of topdressing for 1st time is when root melon expands, namely most of field planting strain root melon has about 15cm, later according to weather condition generally every 6 ~ 7d water 1 water, 15 ~ 20d chases after 1 fertilizer, every 667m ²each ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30kg, best 7 ~ 10d sprays 1 multiple elements design potassium dihydrogen, improves disease resistance, eggplant enters knot melon and contains phase water requirement greatly, and generally watered 1 water every 4 ~ 5 days, early spring waters with fine day the morning, in the afternoon do not pouring water, otherwise night, canopy humidity was excessive, plant is easily susceptible, summer autumn eggplant temperature raises, and can water afternoon or at dusk, preferably soil is not too hot rewaters, die with rage melon in order to avoid cause, if eggplant " tap " is cuddled up in a heap, tendril does not stretch, leaf color depth is dark green, and sugar-preserved gourd is matt, pinnacle, lack of water is described, moisture content will be supplemented in time.If " tap " lifts, tendril is slightly straight, and blade is large and thin, illustrates that moisture content is too much.Only have " tap " to unfold, tendril top is volume slightly, and blade is flat and green, and sugar-preserved gourd even thickness is glossy, is only the performance that moisture is suitable;

2. the method for vinegar residue substrate cultivation eggplant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: vinegar residue substrate is produced: comprise raw material preparation---adding bacterium mixing---fermentation reactor system---finished product process composition, the original vinegar grain employing press filtration mechanism filter-pressing of the association by product water content 72-75% first brewing edible vinegar production process obtained in raw material preparation process is the raw material vinegar grain of 60-65% to water content, and the vinegar leached grain water indwelling subsequent handling is for subsequent use, adopt the raw material vinegar grain accounting for percentage by weight 90-92% for major ingredient, the acidity-basicity ph of percentage by weight 8-10% higher than 9, potassium content is auxiliary material higher than the ash of 7%, mixes the fermentation materials of rear composition acidity-basicity ph 6.0-7.0, add the fermented bacterium adding in bacterium mixed processes and account for fermentation materials percentage by weight 0.1-0.2%, fermentation reactor system operation is made up of fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed after once main aerobic fermentation, secondary, become thoroughly decomposed after secondary and when fermenting, add the vermiculite of percentage by weight 6-8%, the perlite of 10-15%, the vinegar grain water leached in the mushroom slag of 15-20% and raw material preparation process, fermentation materials water content is made to reach 38-42% after mixing, a described main fermentation refers to having ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, by add bacterium mix after fermentation materials heap in heapsly rise 1-2 rice, the rectangular bar buttress of heap bottom width 2-3 rice, when piling Nei Wenduda 65-75 DEG C, summer and autumn once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes throwing machine tool to carry out throwing to fermentation materials every other day and raises and turn over buttress, summer and autumn is through 15-25 days, winter-spring season is through 25-35 days, until temperature starts to decline in fermentation product stockpile, for completing a main fermentation processes when water content drops to 28-32%, described secondary after fermentation refers to there being ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, first adds the vermiculite, the perlite of 10-15%, the mushroom slag of 15-20% that account for the fermentation materials percentage by weight 6-8% after a main fermentation, add the vinegar grain water leached in raw material preparation process again, make fermentation materials water content reach 38-42%, after mixing, fermentation materials is piled the rectangular bar buttress rising 2-3 rice, heap bottom width 4-5 rice, summer and autumn through 15-25 days, winter-spring season is through 25-35 days, until temperature no longer rises in fermentation product stockpile, identical with environmental temperature, and fermentation product stockpile relative superiority or inferiority fall reach three/for the moment till.