CN109699424A - A kind of cultural method that checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is overwintering - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method that checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is overwintering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance method of overwintering cultivation.This method is the checkerberry fertilizer kind for selecting cold-resistant cold-resistant；For promoting seed sprouting and growth of seedling and cold-resistant fertilizer, suppression suitably pours water and keeps moistening to emergence for drilling seed after September was leveled land before 25 days, application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate mixed fertilizer or potash humate.Checkerberry fertilizer crops seedling stage spreads fertilizer over the fields compost made of stalks for warming, while providing nutrition.Jelly water is poured, it is overwintering to be conducive to green manure crop.Winter green manure crop imposes rapidly urea after turning green, promote early hair prosperous growth.Checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance method of overwintering cultivation, it is overwintering to be beneficial to checkerberry fertilizer crop safety, cold-resistant is warming, and wintering rate, regrowth rate, coverage rate and biological yield improve, to store carbon fixed nitrogen, fertilizing soil inhibits fugitive dust, reduces succession crop Fertilizer application, pure organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer, energy-saving and emission-reduction are beautified the environment, for Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region crop rotation lie fallow health plantation provide a kind of scientic planting method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method that the overwintering green manure crop in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region increases survival rate, specially a kind of Jing-jin-ji regions
Regional green manure crop overwintering and cold resistance cultural method.
Background technique
The planting system that Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is gradually lain fallow in implementation crop rotation.It will be tight in no surface-water irrigation and deep phreatic water
Weight overmining region, lies fallow to the biggish crops of water consumption；It is unsuitable in local area ecological functional deterioration, Available water resources scarcity etc.
The farmland of continuous farming, implementation lie fallow one season green manuring turn over returning to the field.Pass through green manuring returning to the field and the grain beans crop rotation of lying fallow, kind
It supports and combines, increase soil fertility, reduce irrigation water and with fertile, be conducive to protect agroecological environment.
Fast-developing period, outlying area and rural agricultural bear maintenance civic foodstuffs to the Jing-jin-ji region city process of integration
Healthy and safe and ecological environment security dual function.And presently, there are due to the exposed caused sand and dust of Winter-Spring arable land large area
Sudden and violent and haze takes place frequently and robs formula operation and leads to increasingly barren, the status of soil erosion of ploughing.
According to statistics, there are about 20,000,000 hm of Winter paddy field for North China, China2, winter slack phase was up to 4-6 months, soil, temperature, light
According to, ABUNDANT NATUREAL RESOURSESs such as moisture, fertility, it is suitble to develop the production of checkerberry fertilizer nurse crop.Winter-Spring bare area nearly 30,000,000
hm2.Investigation and analysis show: the formation in seasonal exposed farmland has following 3 kinds of reasons: (1) two crops in one year crop ped location is since the winter is small
Wheat cultivated area declines to a great extent the seasonal naked cropland to be formed；Earth's surface caused by after (2) one years one batch of crop ped location stalk cuttings
It is exposed；(3) the low formation of orchard planting area winter coverage is exposed.Wherein winter wheat planting area sharp fall is exposed agriculture
The main reason for field is formed.For example, once reaching 16.7 ten thousand hm when Beijing's winter wheat planting area maximum2, but autumn sowing in 2006
When drop to 4.1 ten thousand hm2.Ploughing exposed is frequent sandstorms major reason, and the body for seriously affecting urban environment and the mankind is strong
Health.Simultaneously because arable land is exposed, severe water and soil erosion.According to the 2nd remote sensing investigation as a result, the soil erosion area of China reaches
3560000 hm2, the 37% of territory total area is accounted for, wherein water erosion area is up to 1,650,000 hm2, erode 1,910,000 hm of area2.According to statistics, in
The soil total amount that state is lost every year is up to 5,000,000,000 t.
It is exactly that crop rotation is lain fallow that the solution exposed and winter slack in arable land and environmental problem, which only have a kind of method, at present, i.e. plantation checkerberry fertilizer
Crop.It is low but there is wintering rates under Green manuring measure at present, the problems such as biomass is low.In Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region Winter-Spring rainfall
Seldom, the spring is early frequent occurrence, and rainfall is few for snow.Wind is big, and acutely, soil moisture is reduced or plant storage is supported for winter-spring air temperature variation
Point deficiency is easy to cause overwintering death or turns green late, eventually leads to biomass reduction, does not reach desired effect.Rye is more
Effect is preferable in terms of winter habit and biomass, but the crop belongs to water consumption type crop, and infertile field effect of increasing soil fertility is retained for this area
It is unsuitable.Therefore need to be promoted water-retaining type winter green manure crop hibernating ability of increasing soil fertility, seed production ability has realized that Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is raw
State type Fallow crop rotation beautifies home with feeding combination.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance overwintering cultivation sides
Method.This method improves soil nutrient status measure first is that by improving ground temperature, to improve winter green manure crop emergence rate, emerges
Neatly, increase winter preceding crop nutrient accumulation；Second is that by selecting suitable kind and water conservation increasing measure, to improve winter green manure crop
Hibernating ability；Third is that warming fertilizer and cold-resistant fertilizer application improve checkerberry fertilizer hibernating ability, to improve biological yield.Fourth is that
It is supplied by rich water timely and appropriate discovery after turning green, to improve biological yield.Increase the application of pure natural organic fertilizer simultaneously, it is pollution-free.
To realize that soil biology covers, fugitive dust is reduced, improves soil texture and physicochemical property, mastery is lived, optimize agricultural ecological ring
Border；Fifth is that investment is small, labour cost is reduced.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technology contents:
A kind of cultural method that checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is overwintering, it is characterised in that carried out by following step:
(1) select cold-resistant winter green manure kind: finding limit tolerance to cold is subzero 10 DEG C to subzero 15 DEG C of low temperature, the winter
Green manure crop refers to: Jian Kuo pea, Chinese cabbage type winter rape, eryuelan, Turkmenistan villose vetch, annual ryegrass；
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: in seed furrow according to parts by weight than 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or
It applies potassium humate fertilizer (commercially available)；
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: the thick soil of 1 ~ 2cm is covered after granule green manure seed broadcasting, large seed covers the thick soil of 2 ~ 3cm, pressure
It is real, it suitably pours water and keeps moistening to emergence；Increase thickness of sowing simultaneously, doubles application rate under conventional seed planting density；?
The rye seed for being mixed into 10% ~ 20% in green manure seed by weight percentage carries out mixed seeding；
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: wait green manure emerge after grow to it is 5 ~ 8 centimetres high when, 1 cm thick straw are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in seedling two sides in ditch
Stalk fertilizer is used for warming；
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, irrigation amount is in soil
Can all permeate the ground on the day of moisture is advisable, underwater penetration 20cm~25cm；
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year green manure crop imposes rapidly urea after turning green, and dose is 5kg~10kg per acre,
Water of turning green is poured, early hair prosperous growth is promoted.
The present invention further discloses Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region green manure crop overwintering and cold resistance cultural methods in enhancing Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region
Checkerberry fertilizer crop anti-adversity promotes 29.3% or more, promotes 38.5% or more earth's surface biological covering, subtracts 20%~40% aspect of fertilising material
Application.The winter green manure crop refers to: arrow Kuo pea, Chinese cabbage type winter rape, eryuelan, Turkmenistan villose vetch, one
Year raw rye grass.Method of the invention solves the problems, such as that overwintering green manure crop cold hardiness difference and biomass are low in Fallow crop rotation.
Test of many times result confirms: using checkerberry fertilizer overwintering and cold resistance cultural method, hibernating ability, soil coverage, biological yield have
Larger promotion.And this method makes the soil organism promote 1.7% or more, and soil physico-chemical property is obviously improved.
More detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer overwintering and cold resistance cultural method, includes the steps that following:
(1) it selects cold-resistant winter green manure kind: finding limit tolerance to cold for subzero 10 DEG C~subzero 15 DEG C or less low temperature, this is
Solve the overwintering key of crop.In Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region current checkerberry fertilizer kind mainly have northern Shensi arrow Kuo pea, Chinese cabbage type winter rape,
Eryuelan, Turkmenistan villose vetch, annual ryegrass.
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: rotten according to 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or application in seed furrow
Sour potassic fertilizer is grown, main function is that seed sprouting and seedling tolerance to cold is promoted to be promoted.
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: the thick soil of 1 ~ 2cm is covered after granule green manure seed broadcasting, it is thick that large seed covers 2 ~ 3cm
Soil, compacting, suitably pours water and keeps moistening to emergence；Increase thickness of sowing simultaneously, sowing is doubled under conventional seed planting density
It measures (conventional thickness of sowing is that 1.5kg~3kg, present thickness of sowing are 3.0kg~6.0kg per acre)；In green manure seed
Mixed 10%~20% rye seed carries out mixed seeding.These measure main functions are to prevent the evaporation of water in soil, antifreeze.
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: when growing after waiting green manure to emerge to 5 ~ 8cm high, 1cm thickness straw are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in seedling two sides in ditch
Stalk fertilizer is used for warming, while providing nutrition, strong sprout, increases tolerance to cold.
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, be conducive to green manure
Crop is overwintering.Irrigation amount can all be permeated the ground with the moisture in soil same day to be advisable, underwater penetration 20cm ~ 25cm.
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year green manure crop imposes rapidly urea (5kg~10kg) after turning green, pour and turn green
Water promotes early hair prosperous growth.
It is poor that emphasis of the present invention solves Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region winter green manure crop winter cabbage, difference of turning green, the low problem of biological yield.
It is difficult to realize the Winter-Spring covering earth's surface that current crop rotation is lain fallow required, inhibits fugitive dust, fertilizing soil reduces fertilizer application, is promoted
Soil physical chemistry natural disposition shape, beautification rural ecology environment etc..It is confirmed by practice, the present invention can actually promote winter green manure crop and get over
Winter habit energy improves ground temperature, increases coverage, improves checkerberry fertilizer biological yield, improves soil physical and chemical property, applies fertilizer after reduction
Amount improves yield.
List is illustrated:
From comparative descriptions above: experimental plot is planted for continuous 3 years using the method for the present invention, and land cover pattern rate promotion 38.5% ~
114.3%, wintering rate promotes 29.3% ~ 82.2%, and biomass increases by 60.4% ~ 88.8%, and the soil organism promotes 1.7% ~ 5.4%.
Checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance method of overwintering cultivation possessed good effect compared with traditional technology disclosed by the invention
It is:
(1) increase biology covering: making full use of the natural resources such as Winter paddy field and winter, spring rain, snow, light and heat, carry out Winter-Spring covering
Arable farming can increase winter land cover pattern degree.
(2) enhance fertilizing soil: green manure itself utilizes rhizobium fixed nitrogen, and root system physics interts indissoluble state phosphorus in sustained-release soil
And potassium.The invention can adjust soil fertility, and chesson increases active soil organic matter, improve soil texture, promote micro- life
The development of object vigor and crop root.It is estimated that 1 hm2Green manure crop every hm is equivalent to the contribution of soil organic matter2Application
The dry organic substance of 4.2-5.2t, is equivalent to using urea 100-150kg.If every hm2Fresh grass 15t is applied, is added fresh in soil
Organic matter is about 2.25-3t, this improves significantly to the content and quality that improve soil with organic matter.
(3) play the role of lying fallow: the invention plays the role of the crop Intercrop and rotation change of crops, and soil physical chemistry natural disposition shape is obvious
Improve, plays the role of breeding combination.
(4) reduce soil erosion, energy-saving and emission-reduction: checkerberry fertilizer Crop growing stage can fix 50,000 t carbon dioxide, and release is a large amount of
Oxygen.Winter-Spring nurse crop stem of plant leafiness can cover ground well, mitigate direct erosion of the storm to soil, subtract
The loss of Shao Shui, soil, fertilizer improve soil physical and chemical property, update activating soil organic matter, and fixed nitrogen stores carbon, inhibit Nitrate N leaching,
Improve farmland ecological environment, it is advantageously ensured that second stubble crop production safety.
(5) inhibit fugitive dust: if planting 10,000 hm of winter green manure crop on exposed arable land2, based on annual 15 days dust storm days
It calculates, fugitive dust 13351t can be reduced every year.
(6) checkerberry fertilizer is pure natural fertilizer, most pure organic fertilizer, without any pollution.Green manure is pure natural organic
Fertilizer, it is during plant utilization, by root exudates, alternation of wetting and drying, decay process, there is apparent degradation organic contamination
Object effect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention
It is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, it is not intended to limit the present invention
Range, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
Under the premise of invention spirit and scope, to the various changes or change of material component and dosage progress in these embodiments
It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.The raw materials used in the present invention and fertilizer are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer eryuelan overwintering and cold resistance cultural method, includes the steps that following:
(1) select cold-resistant orchid species in February: eryuelan cold hardiness is relatively strong.Select North China's cultivar or the Northeast
Wild species are stronger with respect to tolerance to cold.
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: rotten according to 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or application in seed furrow
Sour potassic fertilizer is grown, main function is that seed sprouting and seedling tolerance to cold is promoted to be promoted.
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: cover the thick soil of 1 ~ 2cm after eryuelan seed broadcasting, suppression, suitably pour water keep moistening to
Emergence；Application rate is per hectare 45kg；The rye seed that 10% is mixed in eryuelan seed carries out mixed seeding.These measures are main
Effect is to prevent the evaporation of water in soil, antifreeze.
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: when growing after waiting eryuelans to emerge to 5 ~ 8cm high, 1cm thickness is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in seedling two sides in ditch
Compost made of stalks is used for warming, while providing nutrition, strong sprout, increases tolerance to cold.
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, be conducive to February
It is blue overwintering.Irrigation amount can all be permeated the ground with the moisture in soil same day to be advisable, underwater penetration 20cm.
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year March, and cold-resistant eryuelan imposes rapidly urea 6kg after turning green, pours and turn green
Water promotes early hair prosperous growth.
Specific targets are detailed in following table.
As a result: the eryuelan full-bloom stage biological yield on April 25 (dry weight) of testing site of the present invention is 7600kg, than conventional cultivation
It trains biomass and improves 72.7%；Testing site land cover pattern rate, green manure wintering rate and soil organism comparison conventional cultivation are respectively increased
45.2%、34.7%、2.2%。
Embodiment 2
Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer villose vetch overwintering and cold resistance cultural method, includes the steps that following:
(1) it selects cold-resistant villose vetch kind: being preferably selected the Northwest and North China cultivar in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region, it is main
There is Turkmenistan villose vetch, covers sweet potato, Qinghai villose vetch.
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: rotten according to 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or application in seed furrow
Sour potassic fertilizer is grown, main function is that seed sprouting and seedling tolerance to cold is promoted to be promoted.
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: the thick soil of 2 ~ 3cm is covered after villose vetch seed broadcasting, suppression suitably pours water and keeps wet
To emergence；It is per hectare 75kg that application rate, which increases,；The rye seed that 20%% is mixed in green manure seed carries out mixed seeding.These measures
Main function is to prevent the evaporation of water in soil, antifreeze.
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: when growing after waiting villose vetches to emerge to 5 ~ 8cm high, seedling two sides uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields 1 li in ditch
The thick compost made of stalks of rice is used for warming, while providing nutrition, and strong sprout increases tolerance to cold.
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, be conducive to a mao leaf
Sweet potato is overwintering.Irrigation amount can all be permeated the ground with the moisture in soil same day to be advisable, underwater penetration 22cm.
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year villose vetch mid-March imposes rapidly urea 5kg after turning green, and pours and turns green
Water promotes early hair prosperous growth.
Specific targets see the table below:
As a result: the villose vetch full-bloom stage biological yield on May 5 (dry weight) of testing site of the present invention is 5200kg, compares conventional cultivation
Biomass improves 79.3%；Testing site land cover pattern rate, green manure wintering rate and soil organism comparison conventional cultivation are respectively increased
50.9%、45.9%、3.4%。
Embodiment 3
Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer winter rape overwintering and cold resistance cultural method, includes the steps that following:
(1) select cold-resistant winter rape variety: in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region, current winter rape variety mainly has local traditional category, Chinese cabbage type
Winter rape, the miscellaneous kinds such as oily 2009.
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: rotten according to 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or application in seed furrow
Sour potassic fertilizer is grown, main function is that seed sprouting and seedling tolerance to cold is promoted to be promoted.
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: cover the thick soil of 1 ~ 2cm after winter rape seed broadcasting, suppression, suitably pour water keep moistening to
Emergence；Thickness of sowing is per hectare 20kg；The rye seed that 20% is mixed in green manure seed carries out mixed seeding.These measures are main
Effect is to prevent the evaporation of water in soil, antifreeze.
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: when growing after waiting winter rapes to emerge to 5 ~ 8cm high, 1cm thickness is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in seedling two sides in ditch
Compost made of stalks is used for warming, while providing nutrition, strong sprout, increases tolerance to cold.
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, be conducive to winter oil
Dish is overwintering.Irrigation amount can all be permeated the ground with the moisture in soil same day to be advisable, underwater penetration 25cm.
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year Chinese cabbage type winter rape imposes rapidly urea 8kg after turning green, and pours water of turning green, and promotees
Prosperous growth is sent out into early.
Specific targets see the table below:
As a result: the winter rape full-bloom stage biological yield on April 20 (dry weight) of testing site of the present invention is 7300kg, more raw than conventional cultivation
Object amount improves 62.2%；Testing site land cover pattern rate, green manure wintering rate and soil organism comparison conventional cultivation are respectively increased
88.8%、35.7%、2.1%。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method that checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance in Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is overwintering, it is characterised in that carried out by following step:
(1) select cold-resistant winter green manure kind: finding limit tolerance to cold is subzero 10 DEG C to subzero 15 DEG C of low temperature, the winter
Green manure crop refers to: Jian Kuo pea, Chinese cabbage type winter rape, eryuelan, Turkmenistan villose vetch, annual ryegrass；
(2) strong sprout and cold-resistant fertilizer application: in seed furrow according to parts by weight than 6:4 ratio application potassium sulfate and potassium carbonate or
Apply potassium humate fertilizer；
(3) preserve soil moisture cold-proof sowing: 1 ~ 2 cm thick soil is covered after granule green manure seed broadcasting, large seed covers 2 ~ 3 cm thicks
Soil, compacting, suitably pours water and keeps moistening to emergence；Increase thickness of sowing simultaneously, sowing is doubled under conventional seed planting density
Amount；The rye seed for being mixed into 10% ~ 20% by weight percentage in green manure seed carries out mixed seeding；
(4) keep warm fertilizer application: wait green manure emerge after grow to it is 5 ~ 8 centimetres high when, 1 cm thick straw are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in seedling two sides in ditch
Stalk fertilizer is used for warming；
(5) it pours jelly water: pouring jelly water before soil is freeze-up during the first tenday period of a month in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November to December, irrigation amount is in soil
Can all permeate the ground on the day of moisture is advisable, underwater penetration 20cm~25cm；
(6) water of turning green adds dressing of turnning green stage: second year green manure crop imposes rapidly urea after turning green, and dose is 5kg~10kg per acre,
Water of turning green is poured, early hair prosperous growth is promoted.
2. cultural method described in claim 1, wherein Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region winter green manure crop refers to: autumn or early winter sowing,
The next spring or early summer utilize, and it is the planting form in winter that entire growth period, which has more than half,.
3. the overwintering cultural method of Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance described in claim 1 is in enhancing Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region winter
Application in terms of green manure crop resistance；The winter green manure crop refers to: arrow Kuo pea, Chinese cabbage type winter rape, eryuelan,
Turkmenistan villose vetch, annual ryegrass.
4. the overwintering cultural method of Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance described in claim 1 is promoting earth's surface biological covering,
Inhibit fugitive dust, the application in fat-reducing, increasing efficacious prescriptions face.
5. the overwintering cultural method of Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region checkerberry fertilizer crop cold resistance is in terms of promoting the soil organism described in claim 1
Application.
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