CN105230292A - Plantation method of winter lettuces - Google Patents
Plantation method of winter lettuces Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230292A CN105230292A CN201510691526.3A CN201510691526A CN105230292A CN 105230292 A CN105230292 A CN 105230292A CN 201510691526 A CN201510691526 A CN 201510691526A CN 105230292 A CN105230292 A CN 105230292A
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- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000046738 asparagus lettuce Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000006705 asparagus lettuce Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003949 Cucurbita mixta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000221696 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000000318 Bindesalat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000106835 Bindesalat Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010702 Insulata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015802 Lactuca sativa var crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004201 Lactuca sativa var. crispa Species 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plantation method of winter lettuces. The plantation method comprises following steps of: firstly, preparing soil conditioners; secondly, breeding robust seedlings, thirdly, performing cultivation and management; fourthly, performing harvesting and subsequent management. The plantation method of winter lettuces brought upward by the invention has following beneficial effects: the winter lettuces are high in yield, fine in quality, great in nutrition value and reasonable in fertilizer application and capable of effectively preventing and curing insect pests; and the plantation method of winter lettuces is thus suitable for promotional application of large-scale plantation gardens for vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods.
Background technology
Lettuce (formal name used at school:
lactucasativa), be the annual of composite family Lactuca or biennial herb plant.Lettuce can be divided into leaf to use and stem two classes, and Leaf lettuce is also known as romaine lettuce, and stem lettuce is huge also known as asparagus lettuce, fragrant bamboo shoot.The title of lettuce is a lot, and herbal medicine is called " garden lettuce ", " lettuce " and " stone lettuce ".Lettuce sativa is also known as asparagus lettuce, fragrant bamboo shoot.Asparagus lettuce area under cultivation is more than romaine lettuce all over China, and the meat of asparagus lettuce is tender, stem can be eaten raw, cold and dressed with sauce, stir-fry and eat, drying or pickled.Romaine lettuce is edible blade or leaf-head mainly.Containing lettuce element in lettuce haulm, bitter, high temperature and drought bitter taste are dense, can strengthen gastric juice, stimulate digestion, improve a poor appetite, and have the effect of analgesia and hypnosis.
In recent years, along with the increase of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, have heavy output heavily not drop into, heavily do not increase soil fertility with reusing, weigh the tendency that chemical fertilizer does not weigh fertilizer, after this tendency makes the chemical fertilizer such as a large amount of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride be manured into soil, under the effect of lettuce root cation exchange, lettuce is replaced as hydrogen ion the ammonium ion in chemical fertilizer, potassium ion, hydrogen ion is cumulative, cause soil acidification, and then spoiled soil structure and micro-ecological environment, and disturb the absorption of other trace element of lettuce.At present, implantation methods is unreasonable, and the plantation for lettuce not yet has normalized method, and the lettuce output grown out is little, poor quality, is of low nutritive value.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of winter lettuce, and output is high, quality better, be of high nutritive value, and the rational application of fertilizer, and effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 7-11, rape stalk 15-20, cushaw stem 10-20, straw 45-55, wheat stalk 25-30, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 3-7, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, chilli seed powder 1-2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, nurturing staff:
1, seedbed is selected
Nursery place should isolate with production field, should concentrate nursery or professional nursery, and miscellaneous fertilizers 7500 ㎏, 25% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50 ㎏, potassium sulfate 25 ㎏, soil conditioner 85 ㎏ are executed in every 667 ㎡ seedbeds, deep plough;
2, seed treatment
Select the varieties of lettuce that high-quality, high yield, strong adaptability, commodity are good, as the fragrant lettuce of rascal etc., seed cold water is soaked 4h ~ 6h, then drain the water with gauze, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator (temperature about-5 DEG C) freezing 12h, then be placed in vernalization under normal temperature laboratory, about about 36h seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and treats that seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and about 60% can to sow;
3, sow
Should first water vola water before sowing, then sow; For making sowing even, treating to add fine earth or wood sawdust in sowing, after planting can sweep one time with broom on furrow face, seed mixed with earth.Fine earth 3 ㎜ ~ 5 ㎜ is covered, then with straw screen or mat or sunshade net flat cover after broadcasting.Soil overdrying during as sowed, can water on covering, not make furrow panel become as far as possible.General 4d ~ 5d is emerged, and should throw off covering step by step, dry up seedling with anti glare anti static coatings after emerging.
4, seedbed management
Grow after 2 ~ 3 true leaves until seedling, just carry out thinning, reject disease seedling, weak seedling, cross close stand, final singling spacing is 6 ㎝ ~ 7 ㎝, to strengthen illumination and standing area, nurturing staff.
Three, cultivation management:
1, wholely with fertilising
Lettuce yield is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and must use sufficient base manure, generally every 667 ㎡ execute decomposed manure 4000kg or meticulous fertilizer 300-400kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, within 7-10 days, applies, plough deeply 20 ㎝, clay fertilizer is mixed, bedding after raking after fertilising before transplanting.
2, field planting
Seedling age about 25 days, gets final product field planting when seedling grows to 5 ~ 7 true leaves, is generally before and after October 20.Field planting should in the afternoon after high temperature or the cloudy day carry out.Select healthy and strong, anosis seedling, divide furrow field planting by large, medium and small seedling, more flat cave, cover black mulch film.With good conditionsi can behind flat cave before spreading every furrow all apart from laying three Microirrigation belts.Plant colonization, seeding row spacing is 25 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, and seedling will be with soil, about every 667 ㎡ plant 6800 strains.
Four, to gather and follow-up management
Should and gathering when lettuce stem bamboo shoot form product, is proper time when lettuce stem top is equal with the blade tip of maximum blade.Every 667 ㎡ output 4000 about ㎏.Lettuce proper time in booth winter, was generally at the beginning of by the end of January ~ 2 months.In recovery process used tool to clean, health, pollution-free, must not soak after adopting or spray chemical agent.
Sturdy and can not soil structure and micro-ecological environment with the lettuce stem bamboo shoot of this implantation methods output, less investment and output is large.
The present invention is further improved, proposed by the invention a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, cultivation management manages after also comprising field planting, after field planting, management comprises rich water quality management, temperature treatment and moisture management, and rich water quality management method is: bamboo shoot are strict to fertilizer nutrient, simultaneously also very sensitive to fertilizer concentration, if fertilizer is too dense, once " hindering excrement " then not regrowth, even rotten time serious, therefore the principle of asparagus lettuce fertilizer should grasp frequently thin fertilizer.Under fertilizer mainly should be executed before stem expands, general fertilising 3 times.After planting two weeks first time, seedling survives, can be watered to water to execute hydrogen ammonium 8 ~ 10 kilograms every mu and add general calcium 10 kilograms.Second time was topdressed to watering during blade envelope ridge in the rosette stage, executed become thoroughly decomposed fertile 200 kilograms, 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 5 kilograms for every mu.Third time uses every mu of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30 kilograms of spreading manuer in holes, 15 kilograms, urea when stem starts to expand.Generally do not refertilize later.
The present invention is further improved, and the method for managing temperature after described field planting in management is:
Asparagus lettuce grows the weather conditions that need comparatively cool, temperature treatment be survive the winter greenhouse lettuces cultivation success or failure key measures, should accomplish " urging after front control ", avoid the generation of " Linear Leaf Speedwell ", taking into account intermediary and later stages antifreeze, frost prevention again, avoiding the generation of " because freezing stem sky " phenomenon.Generally mid-November the minimum air temperature carry out Greenhouse close to when 0 DEG C, horticultural covering film in covering when the minimum air temperature reaches-2 DEG C, both can avoid higher the causing of temperature of shed to alter tongue, can prevent low temperature freezing-disaster again.The control of temperature of shed, in daytime canopy, preference temperature is 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and must guard against too high, night, outside air temperature then closed canopy door lower than when-7 DEG C, otherwise need not close canopy door.
The present invention is further improved, and the method for managing temperature after described field planting in management is:
The excessive easy generation downy mildew of canopy humidity on daytime, stalk break etc., when canopy humidity is excessive and after pouring water, should leak informaton hydrofuge in time.
Proposed by the invention a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, output is high, quality better, be of high nutritive value, and the rational application of fertilizer, and effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
Winter lettuce an implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 7-11, rape stalk 15-20, cushaw stem 10-20, straw 45-55, wheat stalk 25-30, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 3-7, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, chilli seed powder 1-2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, nurturing staff:
1, seedbed is selected
Nursery place should isolate with production field, should concentrate nursery or professional nursery, and miscellaneous fertilizers 7500 ㎏, 25% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50 ㎏, potassium sulfate 25 ㎏, soil conditioner 85 ㎏ are executed in every 667 ㎡ seedbeds, deep plough;
2, seed treatment
Select the varieties of lettuce that high-quality, high yield, strong adaptability, commodity are good, as the fragrant lettuce of rascal etc., seed cold water is soaked 4h ~ 6h, then drain the water with gauze, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator (temperature about-5 DEG C) freezing 12h, then be placed in vernalization under normal temperature laboratory, about about 36h seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and treats that seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and about 60% can to sow;
3, sow
Should first water vola water before sowing, then sow; For making sowing even, treating to add fine earth or wood sawdust in sowing, after planting can sweep one time with broom on furrow face, seed mixed with earth.Fine earth 3 ㎜ ~ 5 ㎜ is covered, then with straw screen or mat or sunshade net flat cover after broadcasting.Soil overdrying during as sowed, can water on covering, not make furrow panel become as far as possible.General 4d ~ 5d is emerged, and should throw off covering step by step, dry up seedling with anti glare anti static coatings after emerging.
4, seedbed management
Grow after 2 ~ 3 true leaves until seedling, just carry out thinning, reject disease seedling, weak seedling, cross close stand, final singling spacing is 6 ㎝ ~ 7 ㎝, to strengthen illumination and standing area, nurturing staff.
Three, cultivation management:
1, wholely with fertilising
Lettuce yield is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and must use sufficient base manure, generally every 667 ㎡ execute decomposed manure 4000kg or meticulous fertilizer 300-400kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, within 7-10 days, applies, plough deeply 20 ㎝, clay fertilizer is mixed, bedding after raking after fertilising before transplanting.
2, field planting
Seedling age about 25 days, gets final product field planting when seedling grows to 5 ~ 7 true leaves, is generally before and after October 20.Field planting should in the afternoon after high temperature or the cloudy day carry out.Select healthy and strong, anosis seedling, divide furrow field planting by large, medium and small seedling, more flat cave, cover black mulch film.With good conditionsi can behind flat cave before spreading every furrow all apart from laying three Microirrigation belts.Plant colonization, seeding row spacing is 25 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, and seedling will be with soil, about every 667 ㎡ plant 6800 strains.
Four, to gather and follow-up management
Should and gathering when lettuce stem bamboo shoot form product, is proper time when lettuce stem top is equal with the blade tip of maximum blade.Every 667 ㎡ output 4000 about ㎏.Lettuce proper time in booth winter, was generally at the beginning of by the end of January ~ 2 months.In recovery process used tool to clean, health, pollution-free, must not soak after adopting or spray chemical agent.
Sturdy and can not soil structure and micro-ecological environment with the lettuce stem bamboo shoot of this implantation methods output, less investment and output is large.
The present invention is further improved, proposed by the invention a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, cultivation management manages after also comprising field planting, after field planting, management comprises rich water quality management, temperature treatment and moisture management, and rich water quality management method is: bamboo shoot are strict to fertilizer nutrient, simultaneously also very sensitive to fertilizer concentration, if fertilizer is too dense, once " hindering excrement " then not regrowth, even rotten time serious, therefore the principle of asparagus lettuce fertilizer should grasp frequently thin fertilizer.Under fertilizer mainly should be executed before stem expands, general fertilising 3 times.After planting two weeks first time, seedling survives, can be watered to water to execute hydrogen ammonium 8 ~ 10 kilograms every mu and add general calcium 10 kilograms.Second time was topdressed to watering during blade envelope ridge in the rosette stage, executed become thoroughly decomposed fertile 200 kilograms, 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 5 kilograms for every mu.Third time uses every mu of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30 kilograms of spreading manuer in holes, 15 kilograms, urea when stem starts to expand.Generally do not refertilize later.
The present invention is further improved, and the method for managing temperature after described field planting in management is:
Asparagus lettuce grows the weather conditions that need comparatively cool, temperature treatment be survive the winter greenhouse lettuces cultivation success or failure key measures, should accomplish " urging after front control ", avoid the generation of " Linear Leaf Speedwell ", taking into account intermediary and later stages antifreeze, frost prevention again, avoiding the generation of " because freezing stem sky " phenomenon.Generally mid-November the minimum air temperature carry out Greenhouse close to when 0 DEG C, horticultural covering film in covering when the minimum air temperature reaches-2 DEG C, both can avoid higher the causing of temperature of shed to alter tongue, can prevent low temperature freezing-disaster again.The control of temperature of shed, in daytime canopy, preference temperature is 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and must guard against too high, night, outside air temperature then closed canopy door lower than when-7 DEG C, otherwise need not close canopy door.
The present invention is further improved, and the method for managing temperature after described field planting in management is:
The excessive easy generation downy mildew of canopy humidity on daytime, stalk break etc., when canopy humidity is excessive and after pouring water, should leak informaton hydrofuge in time.
Proposed by the invention a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, output is high, quality better, be of high nutritive value, and the rational application of fertilizer, and effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (4)
1. the winter lettuce an implantation methods, it comprises the steps:
One, soil conditioner is prepared: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 7-11, rape stalk 15-20, cushaw stem 10-20, straw 45-55, wheat stalk 25-30, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 3-7, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, chilli seed powder 1-2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100;
Two, nurturing staff:
1, seedbed is selected
Nursery place should isolate with production field, should concentrate nursery or professional nursery, and miscellaneous fertilizers 7500 ㎏, 25% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50 ㎏, potassium sulfate 25 ㎏, soil conditioner 85 ㎏ are executed in every 667 ㎡ seedbeds, deep plough;
2, seed treatment
Select the varieties of lettuce that high-quality, high yield, strong adaptability, commodity are good, as the fragrant lettuce of rascal etc., seed cold water is soaked 4h ~ 6h, then drain the water with gauze, put into freezer compartment of refrigerator (temperature about-5 DEG C) freezing 12h, then be placed in vernalization under normal temperature laboratory, about about 36h seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and treats that seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and about 60% can to sow;
3, sow
Should first water vola water before sowing, then sow; For making sowing even, treating to add fine earth or wood sawdust in sowing, after planting can sweep one time with broom on furrow face, seed mixed with earth, fine earth 3 ㎜ ~ 5 ㎜ is covered after broadcasting, then with straw screen or mat or sunshade net flat cover, as soil overdrying during sowing, can water on covering, not make furrow panel become as far as possible, general 4d ~ 5d is emerged, and should throw off covering step by step, dry up seedling with anti glare anti static coatings after emerging;
4, seedbed management
Grow after 2 ~ 3 true leaves until seedling, just carry out thinning, reject disease seedling, weak seedling, cross close stand, final singling spacing is 6 ㎝ ~ 7 ㎝, to strengthen illumination and standing area, nurturing staff;
Three, cultivation management:
1, wholely with fertilising
Lettuce yield is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and must use sufficient base manure, generally every 667 ㎡ execute decomposed manure 4000kg or meticulous fertilizer 300-400kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, within 7-10 days, applies, plough deeply 20 ㎝, clay fertilizer is mixed, bedding after raking after fertilising before transplanting;
2, field planting
Seedling age about 25 days, gets final product field planting when seedling grows to 5 ~ 7 true leaves, is generally before and after October 20, field planting should in the afternoon after high temperature or the cloudy day carry out, select healthy and strong, anosis seedling, divide furrow field planting by large, medium and small seedling, more flat cave, cover black mulch film, with good conditionsi can behind flat cave before spreading every furrow all apart from laying three Microirrigation belts, Plant colonization, seeding row spacing is 25 ㎝ × 25 ㎝, seedling will be with soil, about every 667 ㎡ plant 6800 strains;
Four, to gather and follow-up management
Should and gather when lettuce stem bamboo shoot form product, it is proper time when lettuce stem top is equal with the blade tip of maximum blade, every 667 ㎡ output 4000 about ㎏, lettuce proper time in booth winter, is generally at the beginning of by the end of January ~ 2 months, in recovery process used tool to clean, health, pollution-free, must not soak after adopting or spray chemical agent.
2. a kind of winter according to claim 1 lettuce implantation methods, it is characterized in that cultivation management manages after also comprising field planting, after field planting, management comprises rich water quality management, temperature treatment and moisture management, rich water quality management method is: bamboo shoot are strict to fertilizer nutrient, simultaneously also very sensitive to fertilizer concentration, if fertilizer is too dense, once " hindering excrement " then not regrowth, even rotten time serious, therefore the principle of asparagus lettuce fertilizer should grasp frequently thin fertilizer, under fertilizer mainly should be executed before stem expands, general fertilising 3 times, after planting two weeks first time, seedling survives, can be watered to water and execute hydrogen ammonium 8 ~ 10 kilograms every mu and add general calcium 10 kilograms, second time was topdressed to watering during blade envelope ridge in the rosette stage, execute for every mu and become thoroughly decomposed fertile 200 kilograms, 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 5 kilograms, third time uses every mu of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30 kilograms of spreading manuer in holes when stem starts to expand, 15 kilograms, urea, do not refertilize later.
3. state according to claim 2 a kind of winter lettuce implantation methods, the method for managing temperature after it is characterized in that described field planting in management is:
Asparagus lettuce grows the weather conditions that need comparatively cool, temperature treatment be survive the winter greenhouse lettuces cultivation success or failure key measures, should accomplish " urging after front control ", avoid the generation of " Linear Leaf Speedwell ", in taking into account again, later stage is antifreeze, frost prevention, avoid the generation of " because freezing stem sky " phenomenon, generally mid-November the minimum air temperature carry out Greenhouse close to when 0 DEG C, horticultural covering film in covering when the minimum air temperature reaches-2 DEG C, both higher the causing of temperature of shed can have been avoided to alter tongue, low temperature freezing-disaster can be prevented again, the control of temperature of shed, in daytime canopy, preference temperature is 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, must guard against too high, night, outside air temperature then closed canopy door lower than when-7 DEG C, otherwise canopy door need not be closed.
4. a kind of winter according to claim 1 lettuce implantation methods, method for managing temperature after it is characterized in that described field planting in management is: the excessive easy generation downy mildew of canopy humidity on daytime, stalk break etc., when canopy humidity is excessive and after pouring water, should leak informaton hydrofuge in time.
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| CN106561208A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-04-19 | 淮安市九三食品有限公司 | Lettuce planting method |
| CN106982680A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-28 | 吕强 | A kind of implantation methods for preventing and treating asparagus lettuce sclerotiniose |
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| CN107637437A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-30 | 宁涛 | A kind of lettuce method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN108934357A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-07 | 富川凯邦农资经营部 | A kind of asparagus lettuce fertilizing method |
| CN110268827A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-24 | 重庆市九龙坡区农业农村委员会 | Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio |
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