CN105815077A - Cassava cultivation method applicable to southern frost region - Google Patents
Cassava cultivation method applicable to southern frost region Download PDFInfo
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- CN105815077A CN105815077A CN201610186129.5A CN201610186129A CN105815077A CN 105815077 A CN105815077 A CN 105815077A CN 201610186129 A CN201610186129 A CN 201610186129A CN 105815077 A CN105815077 A CN 105815077A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a cassava cultivation method applicable to the southern frost region. The cassava cultivation method comprises: performing cold resistance measures, i.e. selecting cold-resistant varieties, spraying a leaf fertilizer in the later stage of growth, and storing seed stems in place; performing premature measures, i.e. carrying out ridging and fertility improvement, mulching with plastic films, soaking seeds and planting; performing seedling control measures, i.e. controlling seedlings in the early stage of growth and controlling seedling growth above the ground in the middle stage of growth; performing cassava strengthening measures, i.e. applying a potash fertilizer, spraying the leaf fertilizer in the middle stage of growth, and timely watering in the drought. The cassava cultivation method is high in practicality and good in controllability, can effectively solve the problems of the insufficient growth time, the insufficient material production accumulation time, the poor cold resistance of varieties and difficulty in seed reservation of cassavas in the northward moved southern frost region, implements high-yield cultivation of the cassavas and seed stem in-place propagation expansion of the cassavas, and fulfills the aim of increasing the yield and revenue. Planting time is advanced by 10 to 13 days, the accumulated emerging time is advanced by 15 to 23 days, the emergence rate is improved by 10 percent, harvesting time can be prolonged for 7 to 10 days, the cassava yield is improved by at least 22.35%, the seed stem storage cost is saved by at least 1,000 Yuan per hectare.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivating technology, particularly relate to a kind of Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south.
Background technology
Maninot esculenta crantz. (ManihotesculentaCrantz) belongs to Euphorbiaceae casava, originate from Amazon River basin, America, the torrid zone, it is one of three big tuber crops, also it is a kind of non-grain biomass energy crop, it is not only the staple food of the whole world several hundred million people, and be to produce one of starch and processing fuel ethyl hydrate raw material, there is high economic worth.Maninot esculenta crantz. is very strong to the adaptability of environment, and plantation Maninot esculenta crantz. is not take up good farmland, can make full use of the marginal land such as deserted mountain, barren hill.In China, Maninot esculenta crantz. is mainly distributed on Guangxi, main producing region, Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan etc. and saves, and over nearly 10 years, Maninot esculenta crantz. planting area constantly expands, and by frostless area infiltration and development to frost area, south, by light frost regional development to weight frost area, and defines Cassava industry.
Frost (Frost) refers to when the temperature on ground or blade face suddenly falls to below crop growth temperature, and crops suffer the phenomenon that freeze injury is even dead.Southern china frost area includes that light frost freezes district and weight frost district, is distributed between north latitude 22.8 °～north latitude 30 °, including Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, South Sichuan, and Guangxi and major part region, Guangdong.
The Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in existing frost area, mainly includes following aspect:
1) do not carry out cassava seed stems storage expanding propagation, be completely dependent on other places and introduce a fine variety, and blindly select the non-anti-excessive cold invading middle-JIAO(the spleen and stomach) precocity Cassava Cultivars in other places；There is kind of the problem that stem dehydration is serious, of poor quality, epidermis bud point is impaired and emergence rate is low；
2) opening plantation ditch after planting season (March～April) Soil tillage, implantation time is for by the end of March, at the beginning of 4 months, and plantation specification is 100 cm x 80 centimetres, plants a length of 10 centimetres of stem, at kind of stem two-end-point sealing fertilizer 1125 kilogram/hectare；There is seedling-growing time evening, emerge that Seedling slow and irregular, weak is many, strong sprout is few, emergence rate is low and grows slow problem；
3) growth early stage, i.e. seedling stage to tuber forms the phase (April～June) and does not execute seedling fertilizer, not thinning, has that the weak Seedling of Maninot esculenta crantz. is many, strong sprout is few, nutrient consumption is big, and kind stem self nutrient is difficult to meet the problem of growth of seedling；And only execute pure knot potato fertilizer per hectare N69 kilogram and K2O67.5 kilogram；There is nitrogen, potassium amount of application too much, be easily caused plant shoots growth, cause nutrient loss, the problem that plant recovery of nutrient declines；
4) growth mid-term, i.e. tuber forms phase to tuber expanding stage (June～October) and does not execute strong potato fertilizer, meet dry weather, it is completely dependent on natural precipitation, it is difficult to provide enough potassium elements to meet Maninot esculenta crantz. Later growth potassium element demand, soil drought is serious, it is impossible to ensure that the normal growth of Maninot esculenta crantz. and tuber expand, and there is the problem that tuber starch material accumulation degree is slow；
5) Later growth, i.e. 120 days tuber Peng big phases are to 180 days (October～December) mercury droppeds of tuber expanding stage, and kind winter resistance is poor, there is Maninot esculenta crantz. photosynthetic capacity and decline, and leaf presenility early comes off, it is impossible to keep normal growth problem.
Using the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in existing frost area, per unit area yield is on the low side, and average product, less than 20 tons/hectare, has a long way to go compared with maximum potential yield and commerial growing test yield.
There are frost, chilling damage in south frost area winter and the early spring, and Maninot esculenta crantz. can not grow by overwintering, and growth time is limited, Starch accumulation deficiency of time；Growth early stage low temperature is emerged slowly, and after emerging, growth is slow, and photosynthetic matter accumulation is slow；Seedling stage, kind stem was emerged many, and weak Seedling is many, lacked strong sprout；Growth rainwater skewness in mid-term, easily occurs that overground part overgrows, and affects underground tuber growth；Later growth temperature is low, and photosynthetic matter accumulation speed is slow, and kind winter resistance is poor, and early, senilism is fast for fallen leaves, it is impossible to postpone Maninot esculenta crantz. results；In addition, the high-yield variety in suitable frostless area, seeding propagation are difficult to application in frost area, south and promote, south frost area propagation of seed stock relies on from Guangxi, Guangdong, the frostless district in Hainan or accidental light frost region are bought, called in kind of a stem, tired in transport, easily cause kind of a stem epidermis, bud point damages bigger, of poor quality, germination percentage is the highest, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the defect making up above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south.
The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following technical programs.
This Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south, including select cold-resistant kind, ridging and foster and apply fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, soak seed, plant, weeding, control Seedling, middle weeding, strong potato, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, results before bud, and cold-resistant storage, wherein ridging and foster and apply fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, and seed soaking and plantation belong to measure of early sending out.
This feature for the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in frost area, south is:
The cold-resistant kind of described selection is, select mid-early maturity, cold-resistant, high-yield variety or the strain of the frost area plantation of suitable south: south China 8, osmanthus heat 4, south plant 199, south China 12, J644, H72, H1071, south China 205, and newly select 048, wherein osmanthus heat 4 or the Cassava Cultivars of suitable dense planting, to be effectively improved the Maninot esculenta crantz. winter resistance in frost area, south, alleviate cold damage, extend Maninot esculenta crantz. harvest time, process the prolongation time for tapioca root.
Preferably, the mid-early maturity of described suitable south frost area plantation, cold-resistant, high-yield variety are that south China 8, osmanthus heat 4 and south plant 199.
Described ridging with fostering and apply fertilizer is, well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before arable land, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 10000 kilogram/hectare～15000 kilograms/hectare, ploughing, it is deep, loose, broken to require, deep ploughing back basal dressing, limit earthing, limit machinery ridging, row spacing 1.4 meters～1.7 meters, ridge is high 30 centimetres～40 centimetres, distance between the ridges 60 centimetres, the middle row replacement potassium sulfate type in ridge or the compound fertilizer of potassium chloride type during ridging, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 600 kilogram/hectare～750 kilograms/hectare, compound fertilizer's available nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%, covers black agricultural membrane after ridging, and black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction, with insulation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, promoting early to emerge, improve emergence rate, row spacing is less than 1.4 meters, and planting density is overstocked, row spacing is more than 1.7 meters, and planting density is the dilutest, and group structure all can be caused unreasonable.
Described seed soaking is, in March early and middle ten days go out cellar for storing things plantation, high-quality kind stem aging, disease-free for the health of a length of for kind of stem 15 centimetres～20 centimetres is immersed in 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben cream that concentration is 48% and the mixed liquor that concentration is 1.8% 2000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, seed soaking time 10 minutes～15 minutes, to improve kind of a stem water content, improving germinating energy, plantation ahead of time is emerged ahead of time, improve emergence rate, reduce pest and disease damage.Seed soaking time is shorter than 10 minutes, plants stem and absorbs water deficient, and pesticide-germicide is insufficient, and seed soaking time is longer than 15 minutes, plants stem and absorbs moisture excess, and impact kind stem is emerged.
Described plantation is, use wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, stem cuttage will be planted to both sides, ridge 10 centimeters, single ridge plantation duplicate rows Maninot esculenta crantz., wide row is away from 120 centimetres～150 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 70 centimetres～80 centimetres, spacing in the rows 80 centimetres, planting density 10875 root and stem of certain plants/hectare～13155 root and stem of certain plants/hectare, to improve Maninot esculenta crantz. permeability in the ranks, dramatically increase photosynthetic efficiency.
Described control Seedling is, it is too much that growth early stage (April～June) controls seedling numbers, and growth mid-term (June～October) controls overground part Seedling over growth,
Described early stage (April～June) controls seedling and includes:
Break ground April at black agricultural membrane, after emerging, stay an osculum, allow the timely rupture of membranes of Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling reveal Seedling, prevent seedling twisted growth；
Seedling high 15 centimetres～20 centimetres of thinnings, go weak stay strong, every root and stem of certain plants retained for 2 strain strong sprouts, then imposed pure N seedling fertilizer, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 41.4 kilogram/hectare～50.6 kilograms/hectare, control suitable seedling number, to be effectively improved the photosynthetic capacity in Maninot esculenta crantz. later stage, promote growth of seedling, increase tapioca root number, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is less than 41.4 kilograms/hectare, does not the most utilize nurturing staff more than 50.6 kilograms/hectare.
Described growth mid-term (June～October) controls overground part Seedling and includes:
Extract thinning newborn unnecessary seedling during intertillage in time, to reduce nutrient loss, improve Maninot esculenta crantz. plant recovery of nutrient；
During growth mid-term (June～October) overground part Seedling over growth, spray 500 mg/litre～750 mg/litre paclobutrazols, the amount of spraying 1345 kilogram/hectare～1355 kilograms/hectare that available nutrient is 15%；
Maninot esculenta crantz. plant height is pinched more than 1.8 meters control Seedling, to limit Maninot esculenta crantz. excessive growth plant height, controls suitable Maninot esculenta crantz. source/storehouse ratio, can effectively reduce the light resources competition within colony.
Described strong potato is, Potassium, growth spray foliage fertilizer, and water in time during arid mid-term.
Described Potassium, is to enrich to include pure N and K2The knot potato of O is fertile, the pure N amount of spraying 13.8 kilogram/hectare～18.4 kilograms/hectare, K2The O amount of spraying 30 kilogram/hectare～36 kilograms/hectare, and enrich K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, the amount of enriching 54 kilogram/hectare～67.5 kilograms/hectare, to promote tuber to expand, to increase slightly, improves starch accumulation amount；
Described growth sprays foliage fertilizer mid-term, be growth mid-term (JIUYUE～October) every strain Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration be the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, 250 milliliters/the root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying～the 300 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants, to promote tuber to expand further, to increase slightly, improve starch accumulation amount；
Watering in time during described arid, when being to run into arid, every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. is watered, the 0.5 kilogram/root and stem of certain plants of irrigation amount～the 1.0 kilograms/root and stem of certain plants, to promote tuber to expand further, to increase slightly, improves starch accumulation amount.
Described cold-resistant, in addition to selecting the mid-early maturity of suitable south frost area plantation, cold-resistant, high-yield variety, also include that Later growth sprays foliage fertilizer, plants stem and preserve on the spot.
Described Later growth sprays foliage fertilizer, is Later growth October～December every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration again is the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, and the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying～the 300 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants, to improve the winter resistance of plant；
Described kind of stem is preserved on the spot, before being Maninot esculenta crantz. results, builds cassava seed stems storage greenhouse steelframe booth, the storage heatable adobe sleeping platform degree of depth 60 centimetres～90 centimetres, disinfection in canopy；After Maninot esculenta crantz. results, selection lower blade has come off, disease-free cane the most aging, healthy, cut kind and to stack a dry in the sun to planting to enter greenhouse steelframe booth when stem quality alleviates 5%～10% and keep flat, surface lid sunshade net successively, cover dry fine earth, lime storage, greenhouse steelframe booth carries out humiture control management, temperature 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, humidity 75%～85%, to guarantee Maninot esculenta crantz. kind good, cold-resistant, high yield of fine quality in the coming year, implantation time is in advance.
The technical problem of the present invention is solved by technical scheme further below.
Also include that middle weeding, described middle weeding include weeding, the middle weeding of growth early stage before the bud of planting season, and the middle weeding in mid-term:
Before the bud of described planting season, weeding is, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, and the uniform spraying herbicide of Maninot esculenta crantz. planting site to without covering with ground sheeting region: 0.05 kilogram of Acetochlor water preparation water distribution 15 kilograms, the amount of spraying 9 kgs/acre～11 kgs/acre, to prevent weed growth；
The middle weeding of described growth early stage is, 30 days～40 days after planting, height of seedling 15 centimetres～20 centimetres time, in conjunction with seedling fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling periphery is carried out artificial weeding, to promote growth of seedling；65 days～75 days after planting, in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery is carried out artificial weeding, to limit weed growth and to reduce nutrient consumption, promote Maninot esculenta crantz. dominant growth；
The described middle weeding growing mid-term is 90 days～100 days after planting, in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery to be carried out artificial weeding, to reduce nutrient consumption, promote Maninot esculenta crantz. dominant growth.
The technical problem of the present invention is solved by following further technical scheme.
Also include that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control include growing the disease control of prometaphase, and the pest control of the middle and late growth stage:
The disease control of described growth prometaphase, is in April～JIUYUE,
It is 12% green breast copper EC bacterialo wilt disease and bacterial angular leaf spot by Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulfate, concentration；
It is 25% Prochloraz cream by 50% RP-26019 powder, concentration and concentration is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevents and treats brown spot；
It is 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 70% thiophanate methyl powder preventing and treating anthrax by 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, concentration；
It is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, concentration are 25% Prochloraz cream and concentration is that 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles EC is withered leaf spot by 50% powder of carbendazim, concentration；
The pest control of described the middle and late growth stage, is in July～November,
Tetranychus cinnabarinus is controlled with avilamycin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and hexythiazox.
The present invention compared with prior art provides the benefit that:
The cultural method of the present invention is " early to send out, control Seedling, strong potato, cold-resistant " it is technical measures, practical, controllability is good, can effectively solve Maninot esculenta crantz. and move northward frost area, south growth time deficiency, it is not enough that material produces accumulated time, kind winter resistance is weak and difficult problem of reserving seed for planting, early stage has cultivated strong sprout, control Maninot esculenta crantz. overground part prosperous length mid-term, late-enhancement Cassava Cultivars winter resistance, alleviate cold damage, significantly improve land structures, improve soil and continue Comprehensive Productivity and the population canopy efficiency of light energy utilization, realize Maninot esculenta crantz. high-yield culturing and cassava seed stems expanding propagation on the spot, reach the purpose of increasing both production and income.Implantation time shifts to an earlier date 10 days～13 days, seedling-growing time after covering with ground sheeting shifts to an earlier date 5 days～10 days, accumulative seedling-growing time shifts to an earlier date 15 days～23 days, emergence rate improves more than 10%, 7 days can be extended harvest time～10 days, cassava production at least improves 22.35%, plants stem cost of storage per hectare and saves at least 1000 yuan.The inventive method is suitable for the Jiangxi in southern china frost area, Fujian, Yunnan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, and South Sichuan, Guangxi and major part region, Guangdong.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be described.
Detailed description of the invention one
On March 13rd, 2014, the Development of Red Soil district, Xu Shangqiao town, Fuzhou Shi Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province of ", east longitude E116 ° 32 ' 40 " carried out field comparative's test being positioned at north latitude N28 ° 13 ' 42.Test area 10 mu, wherein 5 mu of matched groups being to use existing cultural method, 5 mu be the test group of cultural method of the employing present invention.
The Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method of this detailed description of the invention one include selecting cold-resistant kind, ridging and foster and apply fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, soak seed, plant, weeding, control Seedling, middle weeding, strong potato, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, results before bud, and cold-resistant storage, wherein ridging and foster and apply fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, and seed soaking and plantation belong to measure of early sending out.
1) the cold-resistant kind of the selection of cold-resistant measure, selects the mid-early maturity of suitable south frost area plantation, cold-resistant, high-yield variety-south China 8.
2) ridging and fostering and apply fertilizer, well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before arable land, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 15000 kilogram/hectare, ploughing, it is deep, loose, broken to require, deep ploughing back basal dressing, limit earthing, limit machinery ridging, row spacing 1.7 meters, ridge is high 30 centimetres, distance between the ridges 60 centimetres, the middle row replacement potassium sulfate type in ridge or the compound fertilizer of potassium chloride type during ridging, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 600 kilogram/hectare, compound fertilizer's available nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%,
3) covering with ground sheeting, covers black agricultural membrane, black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction after ridging.
4) seed soaking, in sunrise in March 13 cellar for storing things plantation, high-quality kind stem aging, disease-free for the health of a length of for kind of stem 15 centimetres is immersed in 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben cream that concentration is 48% and the mixed liquor that concentration is 1.8% 2000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, seed soaking time 10 minutes.
5) plantation, uses wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, will kind of stem cuttage to both sides, ridge 10 centimeters, duplicate rows Maninot esculenta crantz. is planted on single ridge, wide row away from 150 centimetres, narrow row away from 80 centimetres, spacing in the rows 80 centimetres, planting density 10870 root and stem of certain plants/hectare.
6) weeding before the bud of planting season, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, the uniform spraying herbicide of Maninot esculenta crantz. planting site to without covering with ground sheeting region: 0.05 kilogram of Acetochlor water preparation water distribution 15 kilograms, the amount of spraying 10 kgs/acre；
7) control Seedling, too much including growth beforehand control seedling numbers, and growth controls overground part Seedling over growth mid-term:
April 9 broke ground after emerging and stays an osculum at black agricultural membrane, allows the timely rupture of membranes of Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling reveal Seedling, prevents seedling twisted growth；
The high 15 centimetres of thinnings of seedling, go weak to stay strong, and every root and stem of certain plants retained for 2 strain strong sprouts, then imposed pure N seedling fertilizer, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 41.4 kilogram/hectare.
The newborn unnecessary seedling of thinning is extractd in time during intertillage；
During growth mid-term (June～October) overground part Seedling over growth, spray the 500 mg/litre paclobutrazols that available nutrient is 15%, the amount of spraying 1350 kilogram/hectare.
Maninot esculenta crantz. plant height is pinched more than 1.8 meters control Seedling.
8) grow early stage middle weeding, 30 days～40 days after planting, height of seedling 15 centimetres～20 centimetres time, in conjunction with seedling fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling periphery is carried out artificial weeding；70 days after planting, in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery is carried out artificial weeding；
Grow the middle weeding in mid-term, 90 days～100 days after planting, in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery is carried out artificial weeding.
9) strong potato, sprays foliage fertilizer including Potassium, growth, and waters in time during arid mid-term:
Enrich and include pure N and K2The knot potato of O is fertile, the pure N amount of spraying 13.8 kilogram/hectare, K2The O amount of spraying 30 kilogram/hectare, and enrich K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, the amount of enriching 54 kilogram/hectare；
The every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration of growth mid-term (JIUYUE～October) is the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying；
When running into arid, every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. is watered, the 1.0 kilograms/root and stem of certain plants of irrigation amount.
10) Later growth of cold-resistant measure sprays foliage fertilizer, Later growth October～December every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration again is the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying.
11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including the disease control of growth prometaphase, and the pest control of the middle and late growth stage:
The disease control of growth prometaphase, is in April～JIUYUE, is 12% green breast copper EC bacterialo wilt disease and bacterial angular leaf spot by Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulfate, concentration；It is 25% Prochloraz cream by 50% RP-26019 powder, concentration and concentration is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevents and treats brown spot；It is 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 70% thiophanate methyl powder preventing and treating anthrax by 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, concentration；It is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, concentration are 25% Prochloraz cream and concentration is that 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles EC is withered leaf spot by 50% powder of carbendazim, concentration；
The pest control of the middle and late growth stage, is in July～November, controls Tetranychus cinnabarinus with avilamycin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and hexythiazox.
12) results, Maninot esculenta crantz. harvest time is December 5, and Maninot esculenta crantz. results include manually directly pulling out with hands, using and simply pull out potato device and pull out and use plant equipment to gather.
13) the kind stem of cold-resistant measure is preserved on the spot, including:
Before Maninot esculenta crantz. results, build cassava seed stems storage greenhouse steelframe booth, the storage heatable adobe sleeping platform degree of depth 60 centimetres, disinfection in canopy；
After Maninot esculenta crantz. results, selection lower blade has come off, disease-free cane the most aging, healthy, cut kind and to stack a dry in the sun to planting to enter greenhouse steelframe booth when stem quality alleviates 5%～10% and keep flat, surface lid sunshade net successively, cover dry fine earth, lime storage, greenhouse steelframe booth carries out humiture control management, temperature 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, humidity 75%～85%.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of this detailed description of the invention one is 33.45 tons/hectare.
Test group is compared with matched group, and Maninot esculenta crantz. implantation time does sth. in advance natural law 14 days, and break ground seedling-growing time 21 days ahead of time, and harvest time postpones 10 days, and fresh tuber yield increases by 25.28%.
Detailed description of the invention two
Basic with detailed description of the invention one, it is a difference in that:
Field comparative's test site is in north latitude N28 ° 13 ' 29 Yingtan Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province of ", east longitude E116 ° 53 ' 14 " calms down Hong Qiao village of township；
Selecting the mid-early maturity of suitable south frost area dense planting, cold-resistant, high yield Cassava Cultivars-osmanthus heat 4, it has vertical growth, non-limbed, the feature that lodging resistance is strong, and the easy nurturing staff of thinning, but, plant height is higher, blade area is big, and later stage bottom light transmission is poor, controls suitable height more difficult；
The well-rotted farmyard manure amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 13000 kilogram/hectare, row spacing 1.5 meters, ridge is high 35 centimetres；
In the plantation of March 12 sunrise cellar for storing things, the high-quality kind stem selecting the health of a length of 20 centimetres aging, disease-free is immersed in 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben cream that concentration is 48% and the mixed liquor that concentration is 1.8% 2000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, seed soaking time 15 minutes；
Single ridge plantation duplicate rows Maninot esculenta crantz., wide row away from 130 centimetres, planting density 11905 root and stem of certain plants/hectare；
The Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling-growing time that breaks ground is April 11, the high 20 centimetres of thinnings of seedling, goes weak to stay strong, and every root and stem of certain plants retained for 2 strain strong sprouts, then imposed pure N seedling fertilizer, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 60 kilogram/hectare.
Potassium, is to enrich to include pure N and K2The knot potato of O is fertile, the pure N amount of spraying 16.1 kilogram/hectare, K2The O amount of spraying 33 kilogram/hectare, and enrich K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, the amount of enriching 67.5 kilogram/hectare；
Maninot esculenta crantz. harvest time is December 2.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of this detailed description of the invention two is 31.20 tons/hectare.
Test group is compared with matched group, and Maninot esculenta crantz. implantation time does sth. in advance natural law 15 days, and break ground seedling-growing time 20 days ahead of time, and harvest time postpones 9 days, and fresh tuber yield increases 22.35%..
Advantage compared with detailed description of the invention one is:
Reducing the fertilizer amount of base manure, plantation wide row, away from reducing 20 centimetres, adds Maninot esculenta crantz. planting density.
Detailed description of the invention three
Basic with detailed description of the invention two, it is a difference in that:
Field comparative's test site is in north latitude N28 ° 31 ' 56 He Huling town, Shangrao City Yugan County, Jiangxi Province of ", east longitude E116 ° 35 ' 51 ".
Selecting the mid-early maturity of suitable south frost area plantation, cold-resistant, high-yield variety-south to plant 199, it has vertical growth, non-limbed, the feature of suitable dense planting, the easy nurturing staff of thinning, plant height is the highest, and the later stage need not control Seedling, but, blade degree of hanging down loosely is big, and the leaf photosynthesis of later stage middle and lower part weakens；
Execute the well-rotted farmyard manure amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 15000 kilogram/hectare, row spacing 1.4 meters；
In sunrise in March 13 cellar for storing things plantation, soak seed 13 minutes.
Wide row away from 120 centimetres, narrow row away from 70 centimetres, planting density 13157 root and stem of certain plants/hectare.
The Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling-growing time that breaks ground is April 8；
Maninot esculenta crantz. harvest time is December 4.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of this detailed description of the invention three is 32.55 tons/hectare.
Test group is compared with matched group, and implantation time does sth. in advance natural law 14 days, and break ground seedling-growing time 19 days ahead of time, and harvest time postpones 10 days, and fresh tuber yield increases by 24.00%.
Advantage compared with detailed description of the invention two is:
Improve the fertilizer amount ratio of base manure farm manure, plantation wide row is away from reducing 10 centimetres, and narrow row, away from reducing 10 centimetres, adds Maninot esculenta crantz. planting density.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert the present invention be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; make some equivalents without departing from the inventive concept of the premise to substitute or obvious modification; and performance or purposes are identical, the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined all should be considered as belonging to by the claims submitted to.
Claims (6)
1. the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south, it is characterised in that:
Including cold-resistant measure, described cold-resistant measure includes selecting cold-resistant kind, Later growth to spray foliage fertilizer, and kind stem is preserved on the spot；
The cold-resistant kind of described selection, is mid-early maturity, cold-resistant, high-yield variety or the strain selecting the frost area plantation of suitable south: south China 8, osmanthus heat 4, south plant 199, south China 12, J644, H72, H1071, south China 205, and newly select 048；
Described Later growth sprays foliage fertilizer, is Later growth October～December every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration again is the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying～the 300 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants；
Described kind of stem is preserved on the spot, before being Maninot esculenta crantz. results, builds cassava seed stems storage greenhouse steelframe booth, the storage heatable adobe sleeping platform degree of depth 60 centimetres～90 centimetres, disinfection in canopy；After Maninot esculenta crantz. results, selection lower blade has come off, disease-free cane the most aging, healthy, cut kind and to stack a dry in the sun to planting to enter greenhouse steelframe booth when stem quality alleviates 5%～10% and keep flat, surface lid sunshade net successively, cover dry fine earth, lime storage, greenhouse steelframe booth carries out humiture control management, temperature 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, humidity 75%～85%.
It is applicable to the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in frost area, south the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Also include early sending out measure, measure of sending out described morning include ridging successively and foster and apply fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, seed soaking, and plantation；
Described ridging and fostering and apply fertilizer, be plough before spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 10000 kilogram/hectare～15000 kilograms/hectare, ploughing, it is deep, loose, broken to require, deep ploughing back basal dressing, limit earthing, limit machinery ridging, row spacing 1.4 meters～1.7 meters, ridge is high 30 centimetres～40 centimetres, distance between the ridges 60 centimetres, the middle row replacement potassium sulfate type in ridge or the compound fertilizer of potassium chloride type during ridging, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 600 kilogram/hectare～750 kilograms/hectare, compound fertilizer's available nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%；
Described covering with ground sheeting, is covering black agricultural membrane after ridging, black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction；
Described seed soaking, be in March early and middle ten days go out cellar for storing things plantation, high-quality kind stem aging, disease-free for the health of a length of for kind of stem 15 centimetres～20 centimetres is immersed in 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben cream that concentration is 48% and the mixed liquor that concentration is 1.8% 2000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, seed soaking time 10 minutes～15 minutes；
Described plantation, is to use wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, will plant stem cuttage to both sides, ridge 10 centimeters, single ridge plantation duplicate rows Maninot esculenta crantz., wide row is away from 120 centimetres～150 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 70 centimetres～80 centimetres, spacing in the rows 80 centimetres, planting density 10875 root and stem of certain plants/hectare～13155 root and stem of certain plants/hectare.
It is applicable to the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in frost area, south the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Also including controlling Seedling measure, described control Seedling measure includes, grows beforehand control seedling, and growth controls overground part Seedling mid-term；
Described beforehand control seedling includes:
Break ground April at black agricultural membrane, after emerging, stay an osculum, allow the timely rupture of membranes of Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling reveal Seedling；
Seedling high 15 centimetres～20 centimetres of thinnings, go weak to stay strong, and every root and stem of certain plants retained for 2 strain strong sprouts, then imposed pure N seedling fertilizer, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 41.4 kilogram/hectare～50.6 kilograms/hectare；
Described growth controls overground part Seedling and includes mid-term:
The newborn unnecessary seedling of thinning is extractd in time during intertillage；
During growth overground part Seedling over growth in mid-term, spray 500 mg/litre～750 mg/litre paclobutrazols, the amount of spraying 1345 kilogram/hectare～1355 kilograms/hectare that available nutrient is 15%；
Maninot esculenta crantz. plant height is pinched more than 1.8 meters control Seedling.
It is applicable to the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method in frost area, south the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Also including strong potato measure, described strong potato measure includes that Potassium, growth spray foliage fertilizer, and water in time during arid mid-term；
Described Potassium, is to enrich to include pure N and K2The knot potato of O is fertile, the pure N amount of spraying 13.8 kilogram/hectare～18.4 kilograms/hectare, K2The O amount of spraying 30 kilogram/hectare～36 kilograms/hectare, and enrich K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, the amount of enriching 54 kilogram/hectare～67.5 kilograms/hectare；
Described growth mid-term spray foliage fertilizer, be growth mid-term every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. blade spraying concentration be the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 1%, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying～the 300 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants；
Watering in time during described arid, when being to run into arid, every root and stem of certain plants Maninot esculenta crantz. is watered, the 0.5 kilogram/root and stem of certain plants of irrigation amount～the 1.0 kilograms/root and stem of certain plants.
5. the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that:
Also include that middle weeding, described middle weeding include weeding, the middle weeding of growth early stage before the bud of planting season, and the middle weeding in mid-term:
Before the bud of described planting season, weeding is, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, and the uniform spraying herbicide of Maninot esculenta crantz. planting site to without covering with ground sheeting region: 0.05 kilogram of Acetochlor water preparation water distribution 15 kilograms, the amount of spraying 9 kgs/acre～11 kgs/acre；
The middle weeding of described growth early stage is, 30 days～40 days after planting, height of seedling 15 centimetres～20 centimetres time, in conjunction with seedling fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. seedling periphery carried out artificial weeding, 65 days～75 days after planting, in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery carried out artificial weeding；
The described middle weeding growing mid-term is 90 days～100 days after planting, in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer, Maninot esculenta crantz. periphery to be carried out artificial weeding.
6. the Maninot esculenta crantz. cultural method being applicable to frost area, south as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that:
Also include that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control include growing the disease control of prometaphase, and the pest control of the middle and late growth stage:
The disease control of described growth prometaphase, is in April～JIUYUE, is 12% green breast copper EC bacterialo wilt disease and bacterial angular leaf spot by Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulfate, concentration；It is 25% Prochloraz cream by 50% RP-26019 powder, concentration and concentration is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevents and treats brown spot；It is 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 70% thiophanate methyl powder preventing and treating anthrax by 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, concentration；It is that 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, concentration are 25% Prochloraz cream and concentration is that 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles EC is withered leaf spot by 50% powder of carbendazim, concentration；
The pest control of described the middle and late growth stage, is in July～November, controls Tetranychus cinnabarinus with avilamycin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and hexythiazox.
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| CN106376350A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-08 | 南宁市乾瑞生态农业农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method of cassavas interplanted with radix asparagi |
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| CN113016540A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Directional potato bearing device and high-yield cassava cultivation method |
| CN114651610A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-24 | 郴州市农业科学研究所 | Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost region and low-temperature region |
| CN114651610B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-10-10 | 郴州市农业科学研究所 | Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost area and low-temperature area |
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