CN103766097A - Greenhouse pepper planting method - Google Patents
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- CN103766097A CN103766097A CN201210395671.3A CN201210395671A CN103766097A CN 103766097 A CN103766097 A CN 103766097A CN 201210395671 A CN201210395671 A CN 201210395671A CN 103766097 A CN103766097 A CN 103766097A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse pepper planting method which includes the following planting steps: a. conducting soil selection; b. reserving growth holes in the middle of the upper surface of a soil lock, conducting arrangement to form a seedbed 1m in width and forming a canal system on the periphery of the seedbed; c. enabling a plastic film to cover the top of a seedling growing greenhouse, and whitening the seedling growing soil block in an airing mode for standby application; d. conducting seed soaking in the method that seeds are soaked for 10 minutes under the temperature of 55-58 DEG C; e. pouring water to the soil block completely before seed sowing, directly sowing the seeds in the shallow holes in the soil block with 1-2 seeds in each hole, then watering, utilizing dry fine soil 0.5cm in thickness to cover the seeds, utilizing a sunshade net or straws to cover the surface of the seedling growing soil block and adding a sunshade net; f. removing a seedbed covering object at nightfall after 6-8 days when seedlings emerge; g. conducting flower bud differentiation period and flowering fruiting period management after the seedlings emerge. By means of the planting method, the transplanting times in the pepper planting process are reduced, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, the three-dropping problem is solved, the pepper yield is increased, and the economical benefit of farmers is increase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of capsicum, belong to arviculture technical field.
Background technology
Capsicum, is again chilly, hot pepper, spicy, peppery angle, long and thin hot pepper etc., is a kind of Solanaceae capsicum plants, and genus is 1 year or herbaceos perennial.Pepper fruit contains capsaicine, homocapsaicin, hot phycoerythrobilin and carotin etc., and vitamin C, citric acid content are also higher in addition, the effect of have in temperature, faling apart and trembling with fear, whet the appetite and help digestion.
Capsicum main root is undeveloped, and root amount is few, and root mass is distributed in the topsoil of 10-15 centimetre mostly, and its root system is neither drought-enduring, not waterlogging-resistant again; A little less than root regeneration energy force rate tomato, eggplant, therefore, capsicum has the not feature of resistance to dense fertilizer.Fallen flowers, shedding and the fallen leaves of capsicum are commonly referred to as " three fall " and often occur, and this is a major issue on capsicum produces, very large to yield effect.The reason more complicated of " three fall ", early spring fallen flowers be mainly due to low temperature effect the elongation of pollination and pollen tube cause; Soil and air drought are also the reasons that causes fallen flowers; Nitrogenous fertilizer too much or the factor such as deficiency, branches and leaves excessive growth, illumination deficiency directly affect to nourish and grow and cause fallen flowers with the balance of reproductive growth; High temperature and drought causes that the generation of virus disease or high temperature waterlogging caused by excessive rain make that Root Absorption ability weakens, plant disorder, also have damage by disease and insect as anthracnose, ring spot, cotton bollworm, noctuid etc., causes a large amount of " three fall ".These mainly all cause because existing pepper cultivation exists technical defect.
In prior art, pepper cultivation is the same with the cultivation method of various vegetables, first sows, and seed germination grows plant, carry out the field management such as watering, fertilizing weeding, in general, capsicum fertility is just germination period, and vernalization is unearthed for after planting general about 5-8 days, about 15 days, there is rough leaf, appear for Seedling Stage to bud, it is flowering stage that the first flower fringe is sat main to door green pepper, after bearing fruit to pulling up seedlings as fruiting period.In China the north, the cold time is longer, relies on merely land for growing field crops kind capsicum, and breeding time is short, and the front road of production of capsicum is difficult to performance.General capsicum all adopts transplantation technique, can think in less place the condition of pepper seedling growth created, but after transplanting, plant will experience a procedure of adaptation, even occurs here withering of certain hour, affects plant development, particularly at the middle and late growth stage, transplanting can cause larger wound, and therefore, the transplanting number of times of capsicum can not be too many.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the implantation methods that a kind of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse is provided, solve easy generation " three fall " disease existing in existing pepper cultivation technology, and conventionally adopt the mode of transplanting and affect the solid technical problem of growth, thereby can effectively solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
The object of the invention realizes by following technical proposals: a kind of implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse, comprises following plantation step:
A, select the medium fertility vegetable garden soil of non-solanaceous crops, overturning is shone after white secondary, spreads fertilizer over the fields the decomposed manure after dusting cover that 5cm is thick, apply base fertilizer according to the amount of every square metre of 50-70 gram again, then shallow hoe 2-3 time, fully stirs evenly, and forms the thick compost mixed layer of 10cm;
B, bed soil is made high 6 centimetres, the horizontal cylindricality soil block through 7 centimetres, stays growth hole in the middle of soil block upper surface, be arranged in the seedbed of wide 1 meter, seedbed surrounding trench digging system;
C, seedling raising greenhouse top covered with plastic film, the soil block of growing seedlings shines white, stand-by;
D, seed keep 10 minutes boiling hot methods of soaking of temperature to soak seed with 55-58 ℃;
E, broadcast before seed, soil block is watered permeable, seed is directly sowed in the shallow hole of soil block, every cave 1-2 grain seed, rewaters, dry fine earth 0.5 cm thick of rear covering, and grow seedlings soil block surface coverage sunshade net or straw, add a cover sunshade net;
F, after 6-8 days, emerge, throw off seedbed overcover at dusk;
G, flower bud differentiation period after emerging: until Seedling Height 3-4cm, while having 2-3 sheet true leaf, bud starts differentiation, the day temperature control of flower bud differentiation period is 22-25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature 13-16 ℃, ground temperature 20-25 ℃;
H, yield positive results the phase to: plant is gently executed seed manure, surely executes bud fertilizer, the swollen fruit fertilizer of heavy dressing, duty and execute the fertilizing type of fruit picking fertilizer; Topdress in process, nitrogen accounts for the 57-59% of total amount, and phosphorus, potassium account for respectively 61-65% and 65-69%.
As a kind of optimal way, tpn, carbendazim or 600 times of liquid spraying disease preventions of bactericide for flower bud differentiation period; Control worm with Le Siben insecticide.
As a kind of optimal way, the described seed manure of gently executing refers to: 8-10 days after slow seedling, rush 5~10 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, and 1-2 time, fill with root by xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer and Meso-and micro-nutrients gold profit simultaneously.
As a kind of optimal way, the described bud fertilizer of surely executing refers to: 35-40 days after field planting, and capsicum enters bud stage, and every mu imposes good U.S. punching fertilising 15-20 kilogram, 2-3 time, sprays 2-3 fulvic acid and Meso-and micro-nutrients.
As a kind of optimal way, the swollen fruit fertilizer of described heavy dressing refers to: after first young fruit is sat, rush 20~25 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, 2-3 time, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 2-3 time simultaneously.
As a kind of optimal way, described duty is executed fruit picking fertilizer and is referred to: when after first pepper picking, when the two or three layer of fruit starts to expand, rush 20~25 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, execute once every 10-15 Tianchong later, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 2-3 time.
As a kind of optimal way, the amount of every mu of base fertilizer comprises 25 kilograms, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 50 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the number of times that has reduced the transplanting in pepper cultivation process by cultivation method of the present invention, reduce damage by disease and insect, avoid the generation of " three fall " phenomenon, improve the output value of capsicum, the economic benefit of planting family is improved, specifically, possesses following beneficial effect:
1. strengthen rich water quality management, heavy dressing fertilizer, promotes growth;
2. spray the full nutritive element fertilizer such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, calcium in capsicum flower bud differentiation period, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, improve fruit-setting rate and promote Fruit;
3. carry out in time humiture control management;
4. prevention and elimination of disease and pests early in time, prevents that the large area of fallen flowers, shedding from occurring.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Disclosed all features in this specification, or step in disclosed all methods or process, except the speciality and/or step of mutual repulsion, all can combine by any way, unless narration especially, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object,, unless narration especially, an embodiment in a series of equivalences of each feature or similar characteristics.
Embodiment
Kind is selected:
Select hybrid vigour obvious, there are the up-to-date first-filial generation improved seeds such as " elephant skin capsicum ", " the sharp green pepper of triumph ", " spring is liked sharp green pepper ", " sick No. one of married couple ", " No. one, spring happiness ", " U.S. is sweet assorted " of precocity, disease-resistant, high-quality, high yielding character.
Cultivation method is as follows:
A, select the medium fertility vegetable garden soil of non-solanaceous crops, field is preferably on the plot of not planting capsicum in 3 years, ploughs deeply airing, sterilization before the winter; First 15 days of field planting, executes 50 kilograms of deep ploughings of quicklime for every mu, and overturning is shone after white secondary, spread fertilizer over the fields the decomposed manure after dusting cover that 5cm is thick, apply base fertilizer according to the amount of 50 grams every square metre again, wherein, the amount that applies every mu of base fertilizer comprises 25 kilograms, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 50 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; Then shallow hoe 2 times, fully stirs evenly, and forms the thick compost mixed layer of 10cm.
B, bed soil is made high 6 centimetres, the horizontal cylindricality soil block through 7 centimetres, stays growth hole in the middle of soil block upper surface, be arranged in the seedbed of wide 1 meter, seedbed surrounding trench digging system.
C, seedling raising greenhouse top covered with plastic film, the soil block of growing seedlings shines white, stand-by.
D, seed keep 10 minutes boiling hot methods of soaking of temperature to soak seed with 55-58 ℃; In view of pepper seed does not germinate lower than 10 ℃, 15 ℃ of germination time delays are oversize easily to be caused to go mouldy and emerges unevenly, and therefore, raise seedling in hot bed is preferably selected in cultivation, and, in the heavier area of pepper virus disease, seed soaks sterilization in 25 minutes with 1% liquor potassic permanganate, drags for the not plump seed of keeping afloat, clear water is put into 55 ℃ of warm water after eluriating and is constantly stirred, treat that water temperature is down to 30 ℃ and continues bubble kinds 6 hours, vernalization at 28 ℃ of temperature later, can sprout for 4-5 days.
E, broadcast before seed, soil block is watered permeable, seed is directly sowed in the shallow hole of soil block, 2, every cave seed, rewaters, dry fine earth 0.5 cm thick of rear covering, and grow seedlings soil block surface coverage sunshade net or straw, add a cover sunshade net;
F, after 8 days, emerge, throw off seedbed overcover at dusk;
G, flower bud differentiation period after emerging: until Seedling Height 3-4cm, while having 2-3 sheet true leaf, bud starts differentiation, the day temperature control of flower bud differentiation period is 25 ℃ of left and right, night 15 ℃ of temperature, 22 ℃ of ground temperature; Tpn, carbendazim or 600 times of liquid spraying disease preventions of bactericide for flower bud differentiation period; Control worm with Le Siben insecticide.
Seedling soil management during this time: early stage is take cold-proof heat insulation as main, stuffy;
Young shoot reveals after soil, remove between the lights in time mulch film;
Young plant all sprouts, and notice leaking informaton that 25 ℃ of day temperatures at 12 ℃ of nights, prevent the stem excessive growth of cotyledon bottom;
After cotyledon fully launches, note insulation, be conducive to young leaves growth, 26 ℃ of daytimes, 16 ℃ of nights;
Occur, after two true leaves, leaking informaton, prevent the stem stalk excessive growth on cotyledon top, 25 ℃ of daytimes, 15 ℃ of nights, humidity 80% left and right;
Occur after 5-6 sheet true leaf, young plant Acceleration of growth, outside air temperature also obviously raises, and strengthen and leak informaton, and makes the temperature on daytime be no more than 25 ℃, night 15 ℃ of left and right;
Young plant grows into 7-9 joint position, and part starts to budding, and extraneous approaching disconnected frost, strengthen the exercise of leaking informaton, until remove covering, after 5 days, gets final product field planting, adopts bamboo pole to carry out field planting.
Especially open just budding the arriving just of bud in capsicum flower bud differentiation period, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, spray the full nutritive element fertilizer Jia Meijin points such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, calcium, improve fruit-setting rate and promotion Fruit.
In process of growth, note indoor heating, in the time that the external world significantly lowers the temperature, can utilize faggot or coal combustion temporarily, by cooking stove, flue and the raising room temperature of directly dispelling the heat; Place with good conditionsi can utilize hot water that brewery, paper mill, smeltery etc. discharge, hot blast, the steam thermal source as greenhouse.
In addition, also should be noted that indoor heat insulating, take plastic mulching, detain the multilayer covering method insulation such as little shed, activity curtain face, or inner side adds multilayer straw mat around greatly, not only windproof but also be incubated.
In addition, also should be noted that the content of carbonic acid gas and the supply when not enough, in cold winter, when canopy chamber vegetables produce, for the needs that are incubated often make booth under airtight state, cause in canopy that air is relative with outside air to be intercepted, carbonic acid gas can not get supplementing timely.After sunrise, along with the photosynthetic acceleration of vegetables, in canopy, gas concentration lwevel sharply declines, and is down to sometimes compensation point of carbon dioxide once, and vegetable crop almost can not carry out normal photosynthesis, has affected growing of vegetables, causes disease and the underproduction.In the case, adopting manual method appropriate supplement filling CO 2 is a necessary measure; Can adopt combustion method to carry out the supply of carbonic acid gas: by canopy Indoor Combustion coal, wet goods combustible, the carbonic acid gas source as a supplement producing while utilizing burning, while using coal as combustible, must select the coal that sulfur-bearing is few, the impact of other nuisances that produce while avoiding burning on vegetables.
Vegetables are supplemented after carbonic acid gas, can promote vegetable growth, improve output, improve quality, ahead of time listing.
Evidence: supplementary carbonic acid gas generally can improve percentage of fertile fruit more than 10%, improves listing 7-10 days, increases output more than 20%, has improved economic benefit.
H, yield positive results the phase to: plant is gently executed seed manure, surely executes bud fertilizer, the swollen fruit fertilizer of heavy dressing, duty and execute the fertilizing type of fruit picking fertilizer; Topdress in process, nitrogen accounts for the 57-59% of total amount, and phosphorus, potassium account for respectively 61-65% and 65-69%.The process of specifically topdressing is as follows: the described seed manure of gently executing refers to: after slow seedling 10 days, rush 8 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, and 2 times, fill with root by xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer and Meso-and micro-nutrients gold profit simultaneously; The described bud fertilizer of surely executing refers to: after field planting 40 days, capsicum entered bud stage, and every mu imposes 20 kilograms of good U.S. punching fertilisings, 2 times, sprays 3 fulvic acids and Meso-and micro-nutrients; The swollen fruit fertilizer of described heavy dressing refers to: after first young fruit is sat, rush 22 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, 2 times, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 2 times simultaneously; Described duty is executed fruit picking fertilizer and is referred to: when after first pepper picking, when the two or three layer of fruit starts to expand, rush 23 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, execute once later every 15 Tianchongs, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 3 times.
Bloom the phase of bearing fruit as occurred large area blade aging phenomenon, spray the fertilizer containing zinc, phosphorus, potassium, synthesizing of tachyauxesis element, recovers plant normal growth.
In the process of topdressing, can regulate and control the peppery degree of capsicum according to following principle, regulation and control principle is: the many phosphorus of nitrogen, potassium, micro-fertilizer are pungent lightly seasoned at least; Nitrogen lacks phosphorus, potassium, hot taste is dense at most for micro-fertilizer.
In addition, capsicum well developed root system, the little transpiration of leaf is few, also can accept rainwater and have certain output, but output is lower, in order to reach high yield, should be noted and pours water without irrigated land.Seed sprouting needs more moisture content; Seedling Stage needs water less, and moisture content is many will cause disease, irrigate normal root water after field planting, after this see dry watering, and suitably controls water before blooming; Flowering fruit bearing stage needs sufficient moisture content, must pour water, and pours water and can not go up moisture in the soil, fills with i.e. row, as excessive rainfall should be got rid of in time.The full growing process of capsicum should see take soil dry see wet as principle.
Finally, once find that fruit maturation just gathers in time, otherwise can aggravate nutrient consumption, increase malformed fruit, reduce yield of hot pepper and quality.9~12 ℃ of Appropriate Storage temperature, cold cellar for storing things temperature is 8~9 ℃, relative moisture is 90~95%, wraps and prevents dehydration with plastics.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an implantation methods for Hot Pepper in Greenhouse, is characterized in that: comprise following plantation step:
A, select the medium fertility vegetable garden soil of non-solanaceous crops, overturning is shone after white secondary, spreads fertilizer over the fields the decomposed manure after dusting cover that 5cm is thick, apply base fertilizer according to the amount of every square metre of 50-70 gram again, then shallow hoe 2-3 time, fully stirs evenly, and forms the thick compost mixed layer of 10cm;
B, bed soil is made high 6 centimetres, the horizontal cylindricality soil block through 7 centimetres, stays growth hole in the middle of soil block upper surface, be arranged in the seedbed of wide 1 meter, seedbed surrounding trench digging system;
C, seedling raising greenhouse top covered with plastic film, the soil block of growing seedlings shines white, stand-by;
D, seed keep 10 minutes boiling hot methods of soaking of temperature to soak seed with 55-58 ℃;
E, broadcast before seed, soil block is watered permeable, seed is directly sowed in the shallow hole of soil block, every cave 1-2 grain seed, rewaters, dry fine earth 0.5 cm thick of rear covering, and grow seedlings soil block surface coverage sunshade net or straw, add a cover sunshade net;
F, after 6-8 days, emerge, throw off seedbed overcover at dusk;
G, flower bud differentiation period after emerging: until Seedling Height 3-4cm, while having 2-3 sheet true leaf, bud starts differentiation, the day temperature control of flower bud differentiation period is 22-25 ℃ of left and right, night temperature 13-16 ℃, ground temperature 20-25 ℃;
H, yield positive results the phase to: plant is gently executed seed manure, surely executes bud fertilizer, the swollen fruit fertilizer of heavy dressing, duty and execute the fertilizing type of fruit picking fertilizer; Topdress in process, nitrogen accounts for the 57-59% of total amount, and phosphorus, potassium account for respectively 61-65% and 65-69%.
2. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: tpn, carbendazim or 600 times of liquid spraying disease preventions of bactericide for flower bud differentiation period; Control worm with Le Siben insecticide.
3. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described seed manure of gently executing refers to: 8-10 days after slow seedling, rush 5~10 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, 1-2 time, fill with root by xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer and Meso-and micro-nutrients gold profit simultaneously.
4. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described bud fertilizer of surely executing refers to: 35-40 days after field planting, capsicum enters bud stage, and every mu imposes good U.S. punching fertilising 15-20 kilogram, 2-3 time, spray 2-3 fulvic acid and Meso-and micro-nutrients.
5. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the swollen fruit fertilizer of described heavy dressing refers to: after first young fruit is sat, rush 20~25 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, 2-3 time, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 2-3 time simultaneously.
6. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described duty is executed fruit picking fertilizer and referred to: when after first pepper picking, when the two or three layer of fruit starts to expand, rush 20~25 kgs/acre of Shi Jiamei punching fertilisings, execute once every 10-15 Tianchong later, spray fulvic acid and boron, calcium Meso-and micro-nutrients 2-3 time.
7. the implantation methods of Hot Pepper in Greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the amount of every mu of base fertilizer comprises 25 kilograms, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 50 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
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CN107637401A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-30 | 邵阳市东升农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of capsicum |
CN106831262A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆心连心能源化工有限公司 | Capsicum set meal fertilizer and its fertilizing method |
CN108633649A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-12 | 安徽科技学院 | A kind of whole green control method of shed for pepper pest and disease damage |
CN114009174A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-02-08 | 广东石油化工学院 | Method for promoting germination rate of pepper seeds |
CN115500221A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2022-12-23 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for planting tomatoes after returning straws to field |
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