CN105815077B - A kind of cassava cultural method being suitable for southern frost area - Google Patents
A kind of cassava cultural method being suitable for southern frost area Download PDFInfo
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- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprodione Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)NC(C)C)CC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of cassava cultural method being suitable for southern frost area, including cold-resistant measure：Selection cold-resistant kind, Later growth sprays foliar fertilizer and seedling stem is stored on the spot；Early hair measure：Ridging and fertilizing, covering with ground sheeting, seed soaking and plantation；Control seedling measure：Grow beforehand control seedling and growth medium control overground part seedling life；Strong potato measure：Increase potash fertilizer, growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer and arid when water in time.It is highly practical, controllability is good, capable of effectively solving the problems, such as cassava, southern frost area growth time is insufficient, substance production accumulated time is insufficient, kind winter resistance is weak and it is difficult to reserve seed for planting moving northward, and it is numerous to realize that cassava high-yield culturing and cassava seed stems expand on the spot, achievees the purpose that increasing both production and income.Implantation time shifts to an earlier date 10 days~13 days, and accumulative seedling-growing time shifts to an earlier date 15 days~23 days, and emergence rate improves 10%, and harvest time can extend 7 days~10 days, and cassava production at least improves 22.35%, and seedling stem cost of storage per hectare saves at least 1,000 yuan.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivating technologies, more particularly to a kind of cassava cultivation side being suitable for southern frost area
Method.
Background technology
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) belongs to Euphorbiaceae casava, originating from tropical America Amazon
River valley is one of three big tuber crops and a kind of non-grain biomass energy crop, is not only the staple food of global several hundred million people,
And be one of production starch and processing fuel ethyl hydrate raw material, there is high economic value.Cassava to the adaptability of environment very
By force, plantation cassava is not take up good farmland, can make full use of the marginal lands such as deserted mountain, barren hill.In China, cassava is mainly distributed on main product
The provinces such as area Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan, in the past 10 years, cassava growing area domain constantly expand, by frostless regional infiltration and development to
Southern frost area by light frost regional development to weight frost area, and forms Cassava industry.
When frost (Frost) refers to that the temperature on ground or blade face suddenly falls to crop growth temperature or less, crops
By the phenomenon that freeze injury is even dead.Southern china frost area includes that light frost freezes area and weight frost area, is distributed in 22.8 ° of north latitude
Between 30 ° of~north latitude, including Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, South Sichuan and Guangxi and Guangdong major part
Region.
The cassava cultural method in existing frost area includes mainly following aspect：
1) it is numerous that cassava seed stems storage expansion is not carried out, other places is completely dependent on and introduces a fine variety, and is blindly selected early in the non-cold-resistant in other places
Ripe Cassava Cultivars；There is a problem of that seedling stem dehydration is serious, of poor quality, epidermis bud point is impaired low with emergence rate；
2) open kind of a planting ditch after planting season (March~April) Soil tillage, implantation time be by the end of March, at the beginning of 4 months, plantation specification is
100 80 centimetres of cm x, seedling stem length are 10 centimetres, and 1125 kilogram/hectare of composite fertilizer is applied in seedling stem two-end-point；When in the presence of emergence
Between evening, emergence is slow and irregular, weak seedling is more, strong sprout is few, emergence rate is low and the slow problem of growth；
3) early period is grown, i.e. seedling stage to root tuber formation phase (April~June) does not apply seedling fertilizer, and not thinning, there are cassava weak seedlings
More, the problem of strong sprout is few, nutrient consumption is big, and seedling stem itself nutrient is difficult to meet growth of seedling；And only apply pure knot potato fertilizer per hectare N
69 kilograms and K267.5 kilograms of O；There are nitrogen, potassium amount of application are excessive, it is easy to cause plant shoots growth, causes nutrient loss, is supported
The problem of dividing utilization rate to decline；
4) growth medium, i.e. root tuber form phase to root tuber expanding stage (June~October) and do not apply strong potato fertilizer, meet dry weather,
It is completely dependent on natural precipitation, it is difficult to enough potassiums be provided and meet cassava Later growth potassium demand, soil drought is serious, Wu Fabao
The normal growth and root tuber for demonstrate,proving cassava expand, and there is a problem of that root tuber starch material accumulation degree is slow；
5) 120 days big phases of Later growth, i.e. root tuber Peng are to root tuber expanding stage mercury dropped in 180 days (October~December), product
Kind winter resistance is poor, and there are the decline of cassava photosynthetic capacity, leaf presenility early falls off, and cannot keep normal growth problem.
Using the cassava cultural method in existing frost area, per unit area yield is relatively low, and average product is less than 20 tons/hectare, with maximum
Potential Yield is compared with commerial growing experiment yield and is had a long way to go.
Southern frost regional winter and the early spring have frost, chilling damage, cassava to be unable to overwintering growth, and growth time has
Limit, Starch accumulation time are insufficient；It is slow to grow low temperature emergence early period, is grown slowly after emergence, photosynthetic matter accumulation is slow；Seedling stage seedling stem goes out
Miao Duo, weak seedling is more, lacks strong sprout；Growth medium rainwater is unevenly distributed, and is susceptible to overground part overgrowing, and influences underground root tuber life
It is long；Later growth temperature is low, and photosynthetic matter accumulation speed is slow, and kind winter resistance is poor, and fallen leaves are early, and early ageing is fast, can not postpone cassava harvest；
In addition, the high-yield variety in suitable frostless area, seeding propagation are difficult to apply and promote in southern frost area, southern frost area
Propagation of seed stock relies on from the purchase of Guangxi, Guangdong, the frostless area in Hainan or accidental light frost region, calls in seedling stem, tired in transport, is easy
Cause seedling stem epidermis, bud point damage larger, of poor quality, germination percentage is not high, of high cost.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to make up the defect of the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of suitable for south frost
The cassava cultural method in frozen ground area.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by the following technical programs.
This cassava cultural method for being suitable for southern frost area, including selection cold-resistant kind, ridging and fertilizing, mulch
Weeding, control seedling, tillage and weeding, strong potato, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvest and cold-resistant storage before covering, seed soaking, plantation, bud, wherein
Ridging and fertilizing, covering with ground sheeting, and seed soaking and plantation belong to early hair measure.
The characteristics of this cassava cultural method for southern frost area is：
The selection cold-resistant kind is, select the mid-early maturity suitable for the plantation of southern frost area, cold-resistant, high-yield variety or
Strain：South China 8, osmanthus heat 4, south plant 199, south China 12, J644, H72, H1071, south China 205, and newly select 048, wherein
Osmanthus heat 4 or the Cassava Cultivars of suitable dense planting mitigate cold damage to effectively improve cassava in the winter resistance in southern frost area,
Extend cassava harvest time, extends the time for tapioca root processing.
Preferably, the mid-early maturity planted suitable for southern frost area, cold-resistant, high-yield variety are south China 8, osmanthus heat
No. 4 and south plant 199.
The ridging and fertilizing are that well-rotted farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before arable land, and 10000 kilogram/hectare of the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields~15000 are public
Jin/hectare, arable land require deep, pine, broken, deep ploughing back basal dressing, while earthing, while machinery ridging, 1.4 meters~1.7 meters of row spacing, ridge
It is 30 centimetres high~40 centimetres, 60 centimetres of ridge spacing, when ridging among ridge row replacement potassium sulfate type or potassium chloride type composite fertilizer, spread
600 kilogram/hectare~750 kilogram of the amount of applying/hectare, composite fertilizer's available nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%, is covered after ridging
Lid black agricultural membrane, black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction are promoted early emergence, are improved emergence rate, row spacing with heat preservation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation
Less than 1.4 meters, planting density is overstocked, and row spacing is more than 1.7 meters, and planting density is excessively dilute, all group structure can be caused unreasonable.
The seed soaking is, in March early and middle ten days go out cellar for storing things plantation, the health for being 15 centimetres~20 centimetres by seedling stem length is aging,
Disease-free high-quality seedling stem is immersed in a concentration of 48% 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil and a concentration of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate
In the mixed liquor of 2000 times of liquid, seed soaking time 10 minutes~15 minutes improves germinating energy, plants ahead of time to improve seedling stem water content
It plants and emerges ahead of time, improve emergence rate, reduce pest and disease damage.Seed soaking time is shorter than 10 minutes, and seedling stem absorbs water deficient, pesticide-germicide
Insufficient, seed soaking time is longer than 15 minutes, and seedling stem absorbs moisture excess, influences seedling stem emergence.
The plantation is that, using wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, by seedling stem cuttage to 10 centimeters of ridge both sides, duplicate rows is planted on single ridge
Cassava, wide row is away from 120 centimetres~150 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 70 centimetres~80 centimetres, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and 10875 root and stem of certain plants of planting density/
Hectare~13155 root and stem of certain plants/hectare dramatically increase photosynthetic efficiency to improve cassava permeability in the ranks.
The control seedling is, growth early period (April~June) controls that seedling numbers are excessive and growth medium (June~October)
Overground part seedling over growth is controlled,
The early period (April~June) controls seedling：
It breaks ground April and stays an osculum at black agricultural membrane after emerging, allow the timely rupture of membranes of cassava seedling to reveal seedling, prevent seedling from distorting
Growth；
Seedling is 15 centimetres high~20 centimetres of thinnings, go it is weak stay strong, 2 plants of strong sprouts are retained per the root and stem of certain plants, then impose pure N seedling fertilizers, spread
41.4 kilogram/hectare~50.6 kilogram of the amount of applying/hectare, suitable seedling number is controlled, to effectively improve the photosynthetic energy in cassava later stage
Power promotes growth of seedling, increases tapioca root number, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is less than 41.4 kilograms/hectare, is more than 50.6 kilograms/hectare not
Utilize nurturing staff.
The growth medium (June~October) controls overground part seedling：
Thinning newborn extra seedling is extractd when intertillage in time and improves cassava plant recovery of nutrient to reduce nutrient loss；
When growth medium (June~October) overground part seedling over growth, 500 mg/litres that available nutrient is 15% are sprayed
~750 mg/litre paclobutrazols, 1345 kilogram/hectare~1355 kilogram of the amount of spraying/hectare；
Cassava plant height is more than that 1.8 meters of topping control seedlings control suitable cassava source/library ratio to limit cassava excessive growth plant height, can
Effectively to reduce the light resource contention inside group.
The strong potato be increase potash fertilizer, growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer, and arid when water in time.
It is described to increase potash fertilizer, it is to increase including pure N and K2The knot potato fertilizer of O, pure 13.8 kilogram/hectare~18.4 of the N amounts of spraying
Kilogram/hectare, K230 kilogram/hectare~36 kilogram of the O amounts of spraying/hectare, and increase K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, 54 kilograms of the amount of increasing/public affairs
Hectare~67.5 kilograms/hectare improve starch accumulation amount to promote root tuber to expand, thickening；
The growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer, be every plant of cassava blade spraying concentration of growth medium (September~October) be 1%
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants~300 milliliter of the amount of the spraying/root and stem of certain plants are improved further to promote root tuber to expand, thickening
Starch accumulation amount；
It waters in time when the arid, is per the root and stem of certain plants cassava watering when encountering arid, the 0.5 kilogram/root and stem of certain plants of irrigation amount~1.0 are public
Jin/the root and stem of certain plants improves starch accumulation amount further to promote root tuber to expand, thickening.
The cold-resistant is, in addition to selecting the mid-early maturity suitable for the plantation of southern frost area, cold-resistant, high-yield variety, further includes
Later growth sprays foliar fertilizer, seedling stem is stored on the spot.
The Later growth sprays foliar fertilizer, is that Later growth October~December, spraying concentration was again per root and stem of certain plants cassava blade
1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants~300 milliliter of the amount of the spraying/root and stem of certain plants, to improve the winter resistance of plant；
The seedling stem is stored on the spot, is to build cassava seed stems before cassava harvest and store greenhouse steelframe booth, soil is stored in canopy
60 centimetres~90 centimetres of depth is cheated, carry out disinfection processing；After cassava harvest, selects lower blade to fall off, is fully aging, strong
The disease-free cane of health, cuts kind to stack and enters greenhouse steelframe booth when drying mitigates 5%~10% to seedling stem quality and keep flat, surface according to
Secondary lid sunshade net, the dry fine earth of lid, lime storage, the implementation humiture control management of greenhouse steelframe booth, 12 DEG C~15 DEG C of temperature,
Humidity 75%~85%, to ensure that excellent coming year cassava germplasm, cold-resistant, high yield, implantation time shift to an earlier date.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by technical solution further below.
Further include tillage and weeding, the tillage and weeding include planting season bud before weeding, grow early period tillage and weeding, with
And the tillage and weeding of mid-term：
Weeding is before the bud of the planting season, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, to the cassava kind in no covering with ground sheeting region
Plant ground uniformly sprinkling herbicide：0.05 kilogram of 15 kilograms of Acetochlor aqua water distribution, 9 kgs/acre~11 kgs/acre of the amount of spraying, with
Prevent weed growth；
The tillage and weeding of the growth early period is, 30 days after planting~40 days, 15 centimetres~20 centimetres of height of seedling when, in conjunction with
Seedling fertilizer carries out artificial weeding to cassava seedling periphery, to promote growth of seedling；65 days after planting~75 days, in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer
Artificial weeding is carried out to cassava periphery, to limit weed growth and reduce nutrient consumption, promotes cassava dominant growth；
The tillage and weeding of the growth medium is 90 days after planting~100 days, is carried out to cassava periphery in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer
Artificial weeding promotes cassava dominant growth to reduce nutrient consumption.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by following further technical solution.
Further include the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes after growing in the disease control in prometaphase, and growth
The pest control of phase：
It is described growth the prometaphase disease control, be in April~September,
With Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulphate, a concentration of 12% green newborn copper emulsion prevention bacterialo wilt disease and bacillary
Angular leaf spot；
Foxiness is prevented with 50% iprodione pulvis, a concentration of 25% Prochloraz missible oil and a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate
Disease；
With 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis
Prevent anthracnose；
With 50% powder of carbendazim, a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, a concentration of 25% Prochloraz missible oil and a concentration of
12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion prevention is withered leaf spot；
The pest control of the middle and late growth stage, be in July~November,
Tetranychus cinnabarinus is controlled with avermectin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and hexythiazox.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The cultural method of the present invention with " early hair, control seedling, strong potato, cold-resistant " for technical measures, highly practical, controllability
It is good, it can effectively solve cassava and move northward insufficient southern frost area growth time, substance production accumulated time deficiency, kind cold-resistant
Property it is weak and reserve seed for planting difficult problem, cultivated strong sprout early period, mid-term controls the prosperous length of cassava overground part, and late-enhancement Cassava Cultivars are anti-
It is cold, alleviate cold damage, hence it is evident that improve land structures, improve soil and continue Comprehensive Productivity and population canopy light-use
It is numerous to realize that cassava high-yield culturing and cassava seed stems expand on the spot, achievees the purpose that increasing both production and income for rate.Implantation time shifts to an earlier date 10 days~13
It, the seedling-growing time after covering with ground sheeting shifts to an earlier date 5 days~10 days, and accumulative seedling-growing time shifts to an earlier date 15 days~23 days, and emergence rate improves
10% or more, harvest time can extend 7 days~10 days, and cassava production at least improves 22.35%, seedling stem cost of storage per hectare saving
At least 1000 yuan.The method of the present invention is suitable for Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hunan, Zhejiang, the Guizhou in southern china frost area, with
And South Sichuan, Guangxi and Guangdong major part region.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be described With reference to embodiment.
Specific implementation mode one
On March 13rd, 2014 is positioned at the Jiangxi Province Fuzhou Shi Dongxiang County of N28 ° 13 ' 42 of north latitude ", east longitude E116 ° 32 ' 40 "
The towns Xu Shangqiao Development of Red Soil area carries out field comparative's experiment.10 mu of test area, wherein 5 mu are pair for using existing cultural method
According to group, 5 mu of test groups for cultural method using the present invention.
The cassava cultural method of present embodiment one includes selection cold-resistant kind, ridging and fertilizing, covering with ground sheeting, leaching
Weeding, control seedling, tillage and weeding, strong potato, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvest and cold-resistant storage, wherein ridging and training before kind, plantation, bud
Fertilizer, covering with ground sheeting, and seed soaking and plantation belong to early hair measure.
1) the selection cold-resistant kind of cold-resistant measure selects the mid-early maturity suitable for the plantation of southern frost area, cold-resistant, high product
Kind-south China 8.
2) ridging and fertilizing, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure, 15000 kilogram/hectare of the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields before arable land, arable land require deep, pine,
It is broken, deep ploughing back basal dressing, while earthing, while machinery ridging, 1.7 meters of row spacing, ridge is 30 centimetres high, 60 centimetres of ridge spacing, when ridging
The composite fertilizer of row replacement potassium sulfate type or potassium chloride type among ridge, 600 kilogram/hectare of the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields, composite fertilizer available nutrient N,
P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%,
3) covering with ground sheeting covers black agricultural membrane, black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction after ridging.
4) it soaks seed, in the plantation of March 13 sunrise cellar for storing things, aging, disease-free high-quality kind of health for being 15 centimetres by seedling stem length
Stem is immersed in the mixing of a concentration of 48% 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil and a concentration of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid
In liquid, seed soaking time 10 minutes.
5) it plants, using wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, by seedling stem cuttage to 10 centimeters of ridge both sides, single ridge plantation duplicate rows wood
Potato, wide row is away from 150 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 80 centimetres, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10870 root and stem of certain plants of planting density/hectare.
6) weeding before the bud of planting season, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, to the cassava planting site in no covering with ground sheeting region
Uniformly sprinkling herbicide：0.05 kilogram of 15 kilograms of Acetochlor aqua water distribution, 10 kgs/acre of the amount of spraying；
7) seedling is controlled, including growth beforehand control seedling numbers are excessive and growth medium controls overground part seedling over growth：
It broke ground April 9 and stays an osculum at black agricultural membrane after emerging, allow the timely rupture of membranes of cassava seedling to reveal seedling, prevent seedling
Twisted growth；
The high 15 centimetres of thinnings of seedling, go it is weak stay strong, 2 plants of strong sprouts are retained per the root and stem of certain plants, then impose pure N seedling fertilizers, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields 41.4
Kilogram/hectare.
Thinning newborn extra seedling is extractd when intertillage in time；
When growth medium (June~October) overground part seedling over growth, 500 mg/litres that available nutrient is 15% are sprayed
Paclobutrazol, 1350 kilogram/hectare of the amount of spraying.
Cassava plant height is more than 1.8 meters of topping control seedlings.
8) grow the tillage and weeding of early period, 30 days after planting~40 days, 15 centimetres~20 centimetres of height of seedling when, in conjunction with strong sprout
Fertilizer carries out artificial weeding to cassava seedling periphery；70 days after planting, artificial weeding is carried out to cassava periphery in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer；
The tillage and weeding of growth medium 90 days after planting~100 days, is manually removed cassava periphery in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer
Grass.
9) strengthen potato, including increase potash fertilizer, growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer, and arid when water in time：
It increases including pure N and K2The knot potato fertilizer of O, pure 13.8 kilogram/hectare of the N amounts of spraying, K230 kilogram/hectare of the O amounts of spraying,
And increase K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, 54 kilogram/hectare of the amount of increasing；
The dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution that growth medium (September~October) is 1% per root and stem of certain plants cassava blade spraying concentration, the amount of spraying
250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants；
Per root and stem of certain plants cassava watering, the 1.0 kilograms/root and stem of certain plants of irrigation amount when encountering arid.
10) Later growth of cold-resistant measure sprays foliar fertilizer, and Later growth October~December sprays again per root and stem of certain plants cassava blade
Apply a concentration of 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants of the amount of spraying.
11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including the disease control in growth prometaphase and the pest control of the middle and late growth stage：
The disease control for growing the prometaphase, is in April~September, with Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulphate, a concentration of 12%
Green breast copper emulsion prevention bacterialo wilt disease and bacterial angular leaf spot；With 50% iprodione pulvis, a concentration of 25% Prochloraz breast
Oily and a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevents brown spot；With 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, a concentration of 25% the third ring
Azoles missible oil and 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis prevent anthracnose；With 50% powder of carbendazim, a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, dense
Degree is 25% Prochloraz missible oil and the withered leaf spot of a concentration of 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion prevention；
The pest control of the middle and late growth stage, be in July~November, with avermectin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and
Hexythiazox controls Tetranychus cinnabarinus.
12) it harvests, cassava harvest time is December 5, and cassava harvest includes manually directly being pulled out with hand, using simply pulling out potato
Device pulls out and uses mechanical equipment to harvest.
13) seedling stem of cold-resistant measure is stored on the spot, including：
Before cassava harvest, builds cassava seed stems and store greenhouse steelframe booth, store 60 centimetres of heatable adobe sleeping platform depth in canopy, disappear
Poison processing；
After cassava harvest, selects lower blade to fall off, cane fully aging, health is disease-free, cut kind of a stacking and dry in the air
Shining the when of mitigating 5%~10% to seedling stem quality enters greenhouse steelframe booth and keeps flat, surface successively lid sunshade net, the dry fine earth of lid, spread stone
Ash storage, greenhouse steelframe booth carry out humiture control management, 12 DEG C~15 DEG C of temperature, humidity 75%~85%.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of present embodiment one is 33.45 tons/hectare.
Compared with the control group, cassava implantation time does sth. in advance number of days 14 days to test group, and break ground seedling-growing time 21 days ahead of time, harvest
Time delay 10 days, fresh tuber yield increase by 25.28%.
Specific implementation mode two
Substantially it with specific implementation mode one, is a difference in that：
Field comparative's test site be located at N28 ° 13 ' 29 of north latitude ", east longitude E116 ° 53 ' 14 " Jiangxi Province's Yingtan more than
Jiang Xian calms down the villages Hong Qiao of township；
Selection has upright suitable for the mid-early maturity of southern frost area dense planting, cold-resistant, high yield Cassava Cultivars-osmanthus heat 4
Growth, non-limbed, the strong feature of lodging resistance, and the easy nurturing staff of thinning, still, plant height is higher, and blade area is big, later stage lower part
Translucency is poor, and control suitable height is more difficult；
13000 kilogram/hectare of the well-rotted farmyard manure amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields, 1.5 meters of row spacing, ridge are 35 centimetres high；
In 12 sunrise in March cellar for storing things plantation, length is selected to be immersed in for aging, the disease-free high-quality seedling stem of 20 centimetres of health dense
In the mixed liquor of 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil and a concentration of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid that degree is 48%, seed soaking
15 minutes time；
Duplicate rows cassava is planted on single ridge, and wide row is away from 130 centimetres, 11905 root and stem of certain plants of planting density/hectare；
Cassava break ground seedling-growing time be April 11, the high 20 centimetres of thinnings of seedling, go it is weak stay it is strong, per the root and stem of certain plants retain 2 plants of strong sprouts,
Pure N seedling fertilizers, 60 kilogram/hectare of the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields are imposed again.
Potash fertilizer is increased, is increased including pure N and K2The knot potato fertilizer of O, pure 16.1 kilogram/hectare of the N amounts of spraying, K2The O amounts of spraying 33
Kilogram/hectare, and increase K2O strengthens potato fertilizer, 67.5 kilogram/hectare of the amount of increasing；
Cassava harvest time is December 2.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of present embodiment two is 31.20 tons/hectare.
Compared with the control group, cassava implantation time does sth. in advance number of days 15 days to test group, and break ground seedling-growing time 20 days ahead of time, harvest
Time delay 9 days, fresh tuber yield increase 22.35%..
The advantages of compared with specific implementation mode one is：
The fertilizer amount of base manure is reduced, plantation wide row increases cassava planting density away from reducing 20 centimetres.
Specific implementation mode three
Substantially it with specific implementation mode two, is a difference in that：
Field comparative's test site be located at N28 ° 31 ' 56 of north latitude ", east longitude E116 ° 35 ' 51 " Jiangxi Province's Shangrao City more than
The dry county towns He Huling.
Selection plants 199 suitable for the mid-early maturity of southern frost area plantation, cold-resistant, high-yield variety-south, has upright raw
Long, non-limbed, the characteristics of suitable for dense planting, the easy nurturing staff of thinning, plant height is not high, and the later stage need not control seedling, still, blade degree of hanging down loosely
Greatly, the leaf photosynthesis of later stage middle and lower part weakens；
Apply 15000 kilogram/hectare of the well-rotted farmyard manure amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields, 1.4 meters of row spacing；
In 13 sunrise in March cellar for storing things plantation, soak seed 13 minutes.
Wide row is away from 120 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 70 centimetres, 13157 root and stem of certain plants of planting density/hectare.
Cassava breaks ground seedling-growing time as April 8；
Cassava harvest time is December 4.
The fresh tuber yield of the test group of present embodiment three is 32.55 tons/hectare.
Compared with the control group, implantation time does sth. in advance number of days 14 days to test group, and break ground seedling-growing time 19 days ahead of time, harvest time
Delay 10 days, fresh tuber yield increase by 24.00%.
The advantages of compared with specific implementation mode two is：
Improve the fertilizer amount ratio of base manure farm manure, plantation wide row away from reducing 10 centimetres, narrow row away from reducing 10 centimetres,
Increase cassava planting density.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Several equivalent substitute or obvious modifications are made under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, and performance or use is identical, all should
It is considered as belonging to present invention scope of patent protection determined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cassava cultural method being suitable for southern frost area, it is characterised in that：
Including cold-resistant measure, the cold-resistant measure includes that cold-resistant kind, Later growth is selected to spray foliar fertilizer and seedling stem on the spot
Storage；
The selection cold-resistant kind is mid-early maturity, cold-resistant, high-yield variety or product of the selection suitable for the plantation of southern frost area
System：South China 8, osmanthus heat 4, south plant 199, south China 12, J644, H72, H1071, south China 205, and newly select 048；
The Later growth sprays foliar fertilizer, is that Later growth October~December, spraying concentration was 1% again per root and stem of certain plants cassava blade
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants~300 milliliter of the amount of the spraying/root and stem of certain plants；
The seedling stem is stored on the spot, is to build cassava seed stems before cassava harvest and store greenhouse steelframe booth, storage heatable adobe sleeping platform is deep in canopy
60 centimetres~90 centimetres of degree, carry out disinfection processing；After cassava harvest, lower blade is selected to fall off, abundant aging, healthy nothing
The cane of disease enters greenhouse steelframe booth when cutting kind of stacking drying to seedling stem quality mitigation 5%~10% and keeps flat, and surface is covered successively
Sunshade net, the dry fine earth of lid, lime storage, and greenhouse steelframe booth carries out humiture control management, 12 DEG C~15 DEG C of temperature, humidity
75%~85%；
Further include early hair measure, the morning hair measure includes ridging and fertilizing, covering with ground sheeting, seed soaking successively, and plantation；
The ridging and fertilizing are to spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure, 10000 kilogram/hectare~15000 kilogram of the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields/public affairs before ploughing
Hectare, arable land requires deep, pine, broken, deep ploughing back basal dressing, while earthing, while machinery ridging, 1.4 meters~1.7 meters of row spacing, ridge is high by 30
Centimetre~40 centimetres, 60 centimetres of ridge spacing, when ridging among ridge row replacement potassium sulfate type or potassium chloride type composite fertilizer, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields
600 kilogram/hectare~750 kilogram/hectare, composite fertilizer's available nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%；
The covering with ground sheeting is to cover black agricultural membrane, black agricultural membrane both sides soil compaction after ridging；
The seed soaking, be in March early and middle ten days go out cellar for storing things plantation, by seedling stem length be 15 centimetres~20 centimetres health it is aging, disease-free
Harmful high-quality seedling stem is immersed in a concentration of 48% 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben missible oil and a concentration of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000
In the mixed liquor of times liquid, seed soaking time 10 minutes~15 minutes；
The plantation is to use wide-and narrow-row cultivation mode, by seedling stem cuttage to 10 centimeters of ridge both sides, single ridge plantation duplicate rows wood
Potato, wide row is away from 120 centimetres~150 centimetres, and narrow row is away from 70 centimetres~80 centimetres, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10875 root and stem of certain plants of planting density/public affairs
Hectare~13155 root and stem of certain plants/hectare；
Further include control seedling measure, the control seedling measure includes growing beforehand control seedling and growth medium control overground part
Seedling；
The beforehand control seedling includes：
It breaks ground April and stays an osculum at black agricultural membrane after emerging, the timely rupture of membranes of cassava seedling is allowed to reveal seedling；
Seedling is 15 centimetres high~20 centimetres of thinnings, go it is weak stay strong, 2 plants of strong sprouts are retained per the root and stem of certain plants, then impose pure N seedling fertilizers, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields
41.4 kilogram/hectare~50.6 kilogram/hectare；
The growth medium controls overground part seedling：
Thinning newborn extra seedling is extractd when intertillage in time；
When growth medium overground part seedling over growth, 500 mg/litres~750 mg/litre multiple-effect that available nutrient is 15% is sprayed
Azoles, 1345 kilogram/hectare~1355 kilogram of the amount of spraying/hectare；
Cassava plant height is more than 1.8 meters of topping control seedlings；
Further include strong potato measure, the strong potato measure include increase potash fertilizer, growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer, and when arid it is timely
Watering；
It is described to increase potash fertilizer, it is to increase including pure N and K2The knot potato fertilizer of O, pure 13.8 kilogram/hectare~18.4 kilogram of the N amounts of spraying/
Hectare, K230 kilogram/hectare~36 kilogram of the O amounts of spraying/hectare, and increase K2The strong potato fertilizer of O, 54 kilogram/hectare of the amount of increasing~
67.5 kilograms/hectare；
The growth medium sprays foliar fertilizer, is that the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate that growth medium is 1% per root and stem of certain plants cassava blade spraying concentration is molten
Liquid, the 250 milliliters/root and stem of certain plants~300 milliliter of the amount of the spraying/root and stem of certain plants；
It waters in time when the arid, is watered per the root and stem of certain plants cassava when encountering arid, the 0.5 kilogram/root and stem of certain plants~1.0 kilogram of the irrigation amount/root and stem of certain plants.
2. the cassava cultural method as described in claim 1 for being suitable for southern frost area, it is characterised in that：
Further include tillage and weeding, the tillage and weeding include planting season bud before weeding, grow early period tillage and weeding, Yi Jizhong
The tillage and weeding of phase：
Weeding is before the bud of the planting season, before not emerging in 7 days after planting, to the cassava planting site in no covering with ground sheeting region
Uniformly sprinkling herbicide：0.05 kilogram of 15 kilograms of Acetochlor aqua water distribution, 9 kgs/acre~11 kgs/acre of the amount of spraying；
The tillage and weeding of the growth early period is, 30 days after planting~40 days, 15 centimetres~20 centimetres of height of seedling when, in conjunction with strong sprout
Fertilizer carries out artificial weeding to cassava seedling periphery, 65 days after planting~75 days, is carried out to cassava periphery in conjunction with knot potato fertilizer artificial
Weeding；
The tillage and weeding of the growth medium is 90 days after planting~100 days, is carried out to cassava periphery in conjunction with strong potato fertilizer artificial
Weeding.
3. the cassava cultural method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for being suitable for southern frost area, it is characterised in that：
Further include the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes growing disease control and the middle and late growth stage in prometaphase
Pest control：
The disease control in the growth prometaphase, is in April~September, with Thiodiazole-copper, agricultural streptomycin sulphate, a concentration of 12%
Green breast copper emulsion prevention bacterialo wilt disease and bacterial angular leaf spot；With 50% iprodione pulvis, a concentration of 25% Prochloraz breast
Oily and a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevents brown spot；With 50% powder of carbendazim, 25% Prochloraz, a concentration of 25% the third ring
Azoles missible oil and 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis prevent anthracnose；With 50% powder of carbendazim, a concentration of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, dense
Degree is 25% Prochloraz missible oil and the withered leaf spot of a concentration of 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles emulsion prevention；
The pest control of the middle and late growth stage, be in July~November, with avermectin, pyridaben, Le Siben, acetamiprid and
Hexythiazox controls Tetranychus cinnabarinus.
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| CN106416694A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-22 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | Field seeding and storage technology of cassava seed-stem |
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