CN114651610B - Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost area and low-temperature area - Google Patents

Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost area and low-temperature area Download PDF

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CN114651610B
CN114651610B CN202210374359.XA CN202210374359A CN114651610B CN 114651610 B CN114651610 B CN 114651610B CN 202210374359 A CN202210374359 A CN 202210374359A CN 114651610 B CN114651610 B CN 114651610B
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greenhouse
cassava
temperature
seed
seed stems
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CN114651610A (en
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邓玉萍
蔡明�
张芳
邓永强
李文
廖后元
范祺祺
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Chenzhou Institute Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for overwintering storage of cassava seed stems in a heavy frost region and a low temperature region, which comprises the following steps: a. collecting cassava seed stem plants, pulling up the whole cassava plant, removing the upper old leaves, leaving 3-4 leaves and 1 heart, and leaving fibrous roots; b. transplanting the cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, placing a field soil mixed cultivation substrate into the cultivation bag to fill the seed stem plants, and after fixing and compacting, watering thoroughly; c. storing in a plastic greenhouse, and placing a cultivation bag in which cassava seed stem plants are planted in the plastic greenhouse; d. and (3) carrying out storage management on the greenhouse, carrying out south-north trend on the greenhouse, ventilating and drying in the greenhouse, well illuminating, and watering regularly, so as to keep proper temperature and humidity. The method can effectively improve the survival rate of the seed stems.

Description

Overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in heavy frost area and low-temperature area
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cassava cultivation method, in particular to a cassava seed stem overwintering storage method in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area.
Background
The cassava is planted by taking seed stems as seeds and cutting the stems for cultivation. The seeds are generally planted in the next year after the winter by cutting, harvesting and storing the seed stems in the current year. The overwintering storage of the seed stems is poor, the germination rate of the seed stems is low, the seedling shortage of the cassava is serious, the yield of the cassava is directly reduced, the plant growth, the root tuber differentiation and the like are also influenced, and the yield and the quality of the cassava are further influenced.
North latitude 23.8 The heavy frost region and low temperature region in north, including Guangxi, guangdong, north Yunnan and Hunan, jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, are all of ChinaAn edge area of cassava planting. The area is an unsafe area for overwintering storage of the cassava seed stems, frost and low temperature occur each year because of relatively low temperature in winter, the overwintering storage difficulty of the cassava seed stems is high, and the whole seed stems can be necrotized if the cassava seed stems are improperly protected.
At present, the overwintering storage of the cassava seed stems in the heavy frost area and the low temperature area generally adopts a winter protection karst cave or cellar storage method or a vertical stacking method of a plastic greenhouse and a small arch shed to store the cut seed stems, and also has the functions of cutting the seed stems and sealing wax for storage. However, the methods require strict storage conditions and management measures, the storage effect is not ideal, the survival rate of the cassava seed stems is low, and the survival rate of the cassava seed stems is less than 70%. If the cassava is in contact with the severe frost, rain and snow, a large number of seed stems freeze up, rot or dry up, and the gap of improved seeds is very large, so that the healthy development of the cassava industry is restricted to a great extent.
How to overcome the defects in the prior art, a feasible overwintering storage method for the cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low-temperature area is found, and the survival rate of the cassava seed stems is improved, so that the technical problem which is urgently solved by the person skilled in the art is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a feasible overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area so as to improve the survival rate of the cassava seed stems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the overwintering storage method for the cassava seed stems in the heavy frost area and the low temperature area comprises the following steps:
a. collecting cassava seed stem plants, pulling up the whole cassava plant with soil and roots before frost, removing upper old leaves, leaving 3-4 leaves and 1 heart, and leaving fibrous roots;
b. transplanting the cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, placing a field soil mixed cultivation substrate into the cultivation bag to fill the seed stem plants, and after fixing and compacting, watering thoroughly;
c. storing in a plastic greenhouse, and placing a cultivation bag in which cassava seed stem plants are planted in the plastic greenhouse;
d. and (3) carrying out storage management on the greenhouse, carrying out south-north trend on the greenhouse, ventilating and drying in the greenhouse, well illuminating, and watering regularly, so as to keep proper temperature and humidity.
The cultivation bag is made of jute.
The diameter of the cultivation bag is 30cm.
The cultivation matrix is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of turf and 1.5 parts of cassava leaves.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting northeast high-quality turf, and selecting long and short fibers with pH value of 5-6.5;
(2) Collecting cassava leaves, crushing, and composting for 1 month;
(3) And uniformly mixing the turf treated by the steps with the cassava leaves.
The volume ratio of the field soil to the culture medium is 1:2.
Before the matrix is used, the matrix is sterilized by using the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, and 50% of the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 1000-time diluent is poured on the matrix in layers, wherein the thickness of each layer of matrix is 20-30cm.
The greenhouse storage management step is characterized in that the greenhouse is stored in the early stage of storage, the middle and late 11 months later, the greenhouse is buried in the middle and late 11 months after the seed stems are planted, the outside air temperature is higher, water is poured once every two days, the root system is promoted to absorb nutrition components, new roots are grown to survive, the films on the two sides and the north and south doors of the greenhouse are opened, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 90%.
The greenhouse storage management step comprises the steps of keeping the temperature in the greenhouse above 10 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be about 80% in the middle of storage, 12 days in the last month to 2 days in the next year and in the frost period; when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime, the film is gradually rolled to enlarge ventilation, so that the humidity in the shed is reduced; closing the shed around 4 pm, and preserving heat; when the night air temperature is lower than 0 ℃, a layer of film or a heat-insulating curtain is covered on the upper part of the plant to prevent freezing injury; when the temperature is below 5 ℃ in continuous low-temperature overcast and rainy days, the greenhouse should be fully sealed for heat preservation and freeze prevention, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in noon every day, and the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced.
The greenhouse storage management step is that the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 12 ℃ from the late 2 months of the next year to the late 2 months of the next year, the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 10 ℃ at night, the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ throughout the day, and the humidity is 85-90%.
The technical scheme is obtained by long-term research of the applicant scientific research team.
The applicant aims to find a feasible overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area, and research and development are carried out by a tissue scientific research team. In the research, the conventional overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems has a common characteristic that the seed stems are firstly cut and then stored. Thus, the cassava seed stems are cut down and piled up, the early stage is seriously mildewed, the buds are rotted, and the later stage is dried up, so that the survival rate is low. If the whole plant can be transplanted and stored in winter, the defects of the prior art can be overcome. According to the thought, the applicant scientific research team finally forms a perfect technical scheme, namely the technical scheme of the invention, which can overcome the defects of the prior art and solve the overwintering storage problem of cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area through long-term comparative experiments.
By adopting the method, the whole cassava plants are collected, the cassava seed stem plants are transplanted in the cultivation bag in vivo, and the cassava seed stem plants are stored in the plastic greenhouse in vivo through the cultivation bag, so that the survival rate of the seed stems can be effectively improved, and the survival rate can reach 92.36%.
In the method, the special culture medium prepared from the cassava leaves and the turf is adopted, so that the survival rate of the seed stems is further improved, and the survival rate can be improved to 96.29%.
Through repeated experiments, the method can overcome the defects of the prior art, can effectively improve the survival rate of the seed stems and achieves the aim of the invention.
The test conditions were as follows:
transplanting and planting cassava, and counting the rate of emergence after transplanting.
The cassava transplanting planting method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months, wherein the ground temperature exceeds 10 ℃, the sunny weather is selected, and the cassava seed stems are removed from the greenhouse for field planting. Cutting the cassava plants into sections with 15-20cm, wherein each section has more than 3 bud points, adopting single-ridge single-row planting, taking the cassava variety south China No. 9 as an example, planting the cassava plants with row spacing of 1m multiplied by 1.2m, horizontally placing the cassava sections in planting holes, and covering with soil with 4-8 cm.
The applicant research team has searched a feasible overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low-temperature area from 2016 so far, and repeated experiments are carried out.
In 2017, in the horsehead and ridge scientific research demonstration base of the Chenzhou agricultural science research institute, 25-30 cassava seed stems are bundled together, and then stacked in a shallow seedling raising pool (36 m long, 1.4m wide and 15cm high) in a greenhouse, seed stem gaps are filled with chaff until the seed stems are completely covered, a layer of black ground cloth is covered on the surface, and heat preservation and moisture preservation are performed. Results: before 2 months and before the external temperature rises, the quality of the seed stems is observed, the effect is good, the seed stems are fresh in quality, and the water retention property is good. Then, as the external temperature rises, the temperature in the shed continuously rises, heat is generated by retting rice husks, so that the seed stems bud early, slender and yellow buds are extracted, the quality of the seed stems is seriously damaged, and finally, the seed stems are taken out of the shed, and only 20% of healthy seed stems are selected.
In 2018, ditching and soil accumulation are carried out in the field, and in the Makou scientific research demonstration base of Chenzhou city agricultural science research institute, pits with the depth of 30-50 cm are dug in places with high positions and no ponding, which are selected from leeward and sunny in the cassava field, the width is determined according to the length of seed stems, the length is determined according to the needs, and the stacking height of the seed stems is about 1 m. The seed stems are orderly piled in the pits, 5-10cm of soil is covered on the top and the periphery of the seed stems to form an arch back shape, drain grooves are formed on the periphery of the seed stems, 3-5 vent holes are reserved, and a film is covered on the surface of the arch back to prevent rainwater from penetrating. Results: in the south Hunan area, the weather with continuous overcast and rainy low temperature is more, outdoor ditching, soil and storage are performed, the humidity is too high, the temperature is low, the quality of cassava seed stems is counted in the next year, all the cassava seed stems are rotted, the peels are broken, the rotting rate reaches 100%, and no good seed stems exist.
In 2019-2021, a plurality of methods such as horizontal placement, vertical leaning placement, storage and storage methods of whole cassava plant transplanting cultivation bags in a cassava greenhouse are compared in a horse-head ridge scientific research demonstration base of the Chen Zhou agricultural science research institute.
Horizontal transverse placement: and binding 25-30 cassava seed stems in each bundle, then horizontally stacking in a greenhouse, stacking 5-6 layers, and covering 3 layers of sunshade nets around.
Vertical leaning and placing: binding 25-30 cassava seed stems in each bundle, vertically leaning against the cassava seed stems in a greenhouse, and covering 3 layers of sunshade nets around the cassava seed stems.
The whole cassava plant transplanting cultivation bag is stored in three modes:
1. all the soil in the field is adopted: transplanting the collected cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, placing field soil into the cultivation bag to fill the seed stem plants, fixing and compacting, and moving the seed stem plants into a greenhouse after water is thoroughly poured;
2. the common culture medium is adopted: transplanting cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, and mixing field soil, turf, perlite and carbonized chaff with a mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1:2, placing the plants into a cultivation bag to fill the plants with the seed stems, fixing and compacting the plants, and moving the plants into a greenhouse after the plants are watered thoroughly;
3. the special culture medium of the invention is adopted: transplanting cassava seed stems plants into a cultivation bag, and mixing the field soil, turf and cassava leaves with a mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1:2, placing the plants into a cultivation bag to fill the plants with the seed stems, fixing and compacting the plants, and moving the plants into a greenhouse after the plants are watered thoroughly.
For several years, a great number of tests are carried out by the scientific research team of the applicant, and comparative analysis is carried out on seven groups of tests, so that reliable test data are obtained:
one group is a shallow pool chaff covering storage method for cutting and collecting seed stems in a greenhouse, the other group is a field ditching soil storage method for cutting and collecting seed stems in the greenhouse, the third group is a horizontal transverse placement storage method for cutting and collecting seed stems in the greenhouse, the fourth group is a vertical leaning placement method for cutting and collecting seed stems in the greenhouse, the fifth group is a whole plant transplanting cultivation bag storage method (directly adopts field soil) for cassava in the greenhouse, the sixth group is a storage method (adopts common cultivation matrixes including turf, perlite and carbonized chaff), the seventh group is a storage method (adopts special cultivation matrixes including turf and cassava leaves), each group randomly extracts 30 plants, repeats for 3 times, 90 plants in total, healthy bud point numbers are counted before cutting cassava segments, and seedling emergence rate (survival rate) is counted after transplanting.
The comparative test conditions are shown in the following table:
storage method Plant number (plant) Total bud point number Healthy bud point(s) Healthy bud point Rate (%) Emergence rate (%)
A set of 90 4320 1072 24.8 20.4
Two groups of 90 4185 0 0 -
Three groups of 90 4223 2234 52.9 48.74
Four groups of 90 4053 1728 42.63 32.12
Five groups 90 4005 3568 89.09 88.25
Six groups of 90 4128 3921 94.98 92.36
Seven groups 90 4140 4023 97.17 96.29
From the test situation:
by adopting the whole cassava plant transplanting cultivation bag storage method (directly adopting field soil and adopting common cultivation matrix such as turf, perlite and carbonized chaff), the healthy bud point rate and the emergence rate are maintained above 88%.
By adopting the storage method of the whole cassava plant transplanting cultivation bag in the greenhouse, the special cultivation substrate provided by the invention has the advantages that the healthy bud point rate reaches 97.17%, the emergence rate reaches 96.29%, and the storage efficiency of the seed stems is greatly improved by more than 40% compared with the traditional greenhouse stacking method for cutting and harvesting the seed stems (one, three and four groups).
Experiments show that the overwintering storage method for cassava seed stems can overcome the defects of the prior art and effectively improve the survival rate of the cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention will be described in detail.
The invention relates to a method for overwintering storage of cassava seed stems in a heavy frost area and a low temperature area, which comprises the following steps:
a. collecting cassava seed stem plants, pulling up the whole cassava plant, removing the upper old leaves, leaving 3-4 leaves and 1 heart, and leaving fibrous roots;
b. transplanting the cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, placing a field soil mixed cultivation substrate into the cultivation bag to fill the seed stem plants, and after fixing and compacting, watering thoroughly;
c. storing in a plastic greenhouse, and placing a cultivation bag in which cassava seed stem plants are planted in the plastic greenhouse; compact placement, 40-50cm passageway left in the middle, convenient watering management and seed stem quality observation;
d. and (3) carrying out storage management on the greenhouse, carrying out south-north trend on the greenhouse, ventilating and drying in the greenhouse, well illuminating, and watering regularly, so as to keep proper temperature and humidity.
The cultivation bag is preferably made of jute.
The diameter of the cultivation bag is preferably 30cm.
As a further improvement, the invention uses a special cultivation substrate which is made of the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of turf and 1.5 parts of cassava leaves. The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting northeast high-quality turf, and selecting long and short fibers with pH value of 5-6.5;
(2) Collecting cassava leaves, crushing, and composting for 1 month;
(3) And uniformly mixing the turf treated by the steps with the cassava leaves.
The volume ratio of the field soil to the cultivation substrate is preferably 1:2.
The greenhouse storage management is carried out in stages, and different technical means are adopted according to different stages.
In the early stage of storage, the middle and late 11 months are buried in the seed stems within half a month, the outside air temperature is higher, water is poured once every two days, the root system is promoted to absorb nutrient components, the new root is survived, side films on two sides of the greenhouse and north and south doors are opened, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 90%.
The temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 10 ℃ in the middle storage period from the last 12 months to the middle 2 months of the next year and in the frost period, and the humidity is controlled to be about 80%; when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime, the film is gradually rolled to enlarge ventilation, so that the humidity in the shed is reduced; closing the shed around 4 pm, and preserving heat; when the night air temperature is lower than 0 ℃, a layer of film or a heat-insulating curtain is covered on the upper part of the plant to prevent freezing injury; when the temperature is below 5 ℃ in continuous low-temperature overcast and rainy days, the greenhouse should be fully sealed for heat preservation and freeze prevention, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in noon every day, and the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced.
And a greenhouse storage management step, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 12 ℃ from the late 2 months of the next year to the late 2 months of the next year, the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 10 ℃ at night, the air temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ throughout the day, and the humidity is 85-90%.
And (3) planting in the shed from the last ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months.
The cassava transplanting planting method can adopt a traditional method.
The cassava transplanting planting method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: and (3) in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months, wherein the ground temperature exceeds 10 ℃, the sunny weather is selected, and the cassava seed stems are removed from the greenhouse for field planting. Cutting the cassava plants into sections with 15-20cm, wherein each section has more than 3 bud points, adopting single-ridge single-row planting, taking the cassava variety south China No. 9 as an example, planting the cassava plants with row spacing of 1m multiplied by 1.2m, horizontally placing the cassava sections in planting holes, and covering with soil with 4-8 cm.

Claims (8)

1. The overwintering storage method for the cassava seed stems in the heavy frost area and the low temperature area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. collecting cassava seed stem plants, pulling up the whole cassava plant with soil and roots before frost, removing upper old leaves, leaving 3-4 leaves and 1 heart, and leaving fibrous roots;
b. transplanting the cassava seed stem plants into a cultivation bag, placing a field soil mixed cultivation substrate into the cultivation bag to fill the seed stem plants, and after fixing and compacting, watering thoroughly;
c. storing in a plastic greenhouse, and placing a cultivation bag in which cassava seed stem plants are planted in the plastic greenhouse;
d. the greenhouse is stored and managed, the greenhouse is in the north-south direction, the ventilation and drying in the greenhouse are realized, the illumination is good, the greenhouse is watered regularly, and the proper temperature and humidity are kept;
the cultivation matrix is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of turf and 1.5 parts of cassava leaves;
the preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting northeast high-quality turf, and selecting long and short fibers with pH value of 5-6.5;
(2) Collecting cassava leaves, crushing, and composting for 1 month;
(3) And uniformly mixing the turf treated by the steps with the cassava leaves.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation bag is made of jute.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the diameter of the cultivation bag is 30cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the field soil to the culture medium is 1:2.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: before the matrix is used, the matrix is sterilized by using the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, and 50% of the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 1000-time diluent is poured on the matrix in layers, wherein the thickness of each layer of matrix is 20-30cm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the greenhouse storage management step is characterized in that the greenhouse is stored in the early stage of storage, the middle and late 11 months later, the greenhouse is buried in the middle and late 11 months after the seed stems are planted, the outside air temperature is higher, water is poured once every two days, the root system is promoted to absorb nutrition components, new roots are grown to survive, the films on the two sides and the north and south doors of the greenhouse are opened, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 90%.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the greenhouse storage management step comprises the steps of keeping the temperature in the greenhouse above 10 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be about 80% in the middle of storage, 12 days in the last month to 2 days in the next year and in the frost period; when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime, the film is gradually rolled to enlarge ventilation, so that the humidity in the shed is reduced; closing the shed around 4 pm, and preserving heat; when the night air temperature is lower than 0 ℃, a layer of film or a heat-insulating curtain is covered on the upper part of the plant to prevent freezing injury; when the temperature is below 5 ℃ in continuous low-temperature overcast and rainy days, the greenhouse should be fully sealed for heat preservation and freeze prevention, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in noon every day, and the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the greenhouse storage management step is that the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 12 ℃ from the late 2 months of the next year to the late 2 months of the next year, the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 10 ℃ at night, the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ throughout the day, and the humidity is 85-90%.
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